REVIEWER IN EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Who discovered the cell?

A. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek C. Robert Brown
B. Christian de Duve D. Robert Hooke
What are the 3 main parts of the cell?
A. cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm C. endoplasmic reticulum
B. cell wall, chlorophyll, ribosome D. nuclei, vacuole, cell wall
In a cell, where does protein synthesis take place?
A. Lysosomes B. Mitochondria C. nucleus D. ribosomes
What gives plant cell a box-like shape?
A. Cell wall B. Chloroplasts C. Nucleus D. vacuole
What is the net amount of ATP produce during cellular respiration?
A. 2 ATP B. 30 ATP C. 36 ATP D. 38 ATP
How does photosynthesis and cellular respiration differ in terms ATP production?
A. Photosynthesis produces ATP with energy from light while cellular respiration produces ATP with
energy from glucose
B. Photosynthesis produces ATP with energy from glucose while cellular respiration produces ATP with
energy from light
C. Photosynthesis produces more ATP than cellular respiration
D. Photosynthesis produces ATP and water while cellular respiration produces glucose only
Where does photosynthesis take place in plant cell?
A. Chloroplasts C. Mitochondria
B. ER D. Ribosomes
What process takes place in the stroma?
A. Calvin cycle C. Light dependent reactions
B. ETS D. Kreb Cycle
Which of the following processes is not a part of Calvin Cycle?
A. Carbon fixation C. Glycolysis
B. Carbon reduction D. Regeneration of RuBP
What generates most of the ATP in cellular respiration?
A. ETS C. Glycolysis
B. Calvin Cycle D. Kreb Cycle
Animals perform asexual reproduction.
A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. AOTA
The pistil is the plant’s female reproductive organ.
A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. NOTA
Adenine always pairs with guanine.
A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. AOTA
Explanation: In base pairing, adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine.

DNA and RNA are examples of nucleic acids.

A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. NOTA
Explanation: Nucleic acids, macromolecules made out of units called nucleotides, come in two naturally occurring
varieties: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material found in living
organisms, all the way from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals like you and me.

The genetic language uses 3 letters.

A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. AOTA

Explanation:Genetic Code

Each gene's code uses the four nucleotide bases of DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) — in
various ways to spell out three-letter “codons” that specify which amino acid is needed at each position within a
protein.
It is the vein that takes away oxygenated blood away from the heart.
A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. NOTA
Explanation: Arteries begin with the aorta, the large artery leaving the heart. They carry oxygen-rich blood away from
the heart to all of the body's tissues.

The red blood cells defend the body from harmful organisms.
A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. AOTA
Explanation: One of the key functions of blood is protection. White blood cells are immune system cells. They are like
warriors waiting in your blood stream to attack invaders such as bacteria and viruses. When fighting an infection, your
body produces more white blood cells.

The most dominant part of the blood is the platelets.

A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. NOTA
Explanation: What blood cells are the most dominant in amount?
Red blood cells transport oxygen

Every second, 2-3 million RBCs are produced in the bone marrow and released into the circulation. Also known as
erythrocytes, RBCs are the most common type of cell found in the blood, with each cubic millimeter of blood
containing 4-6 million cells.

The human circulatory system is a closed circulatory system.

A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. AOTA
Explanation: Humans have a closed circulatory system. The blood is enclosed in the vessels and the heart while
circulating. The blood travels through arteries and veins and carries important molecules throughout the body.

Veins are bigger than capillaries

A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. NOTA
Explanation: Both veins and capillaries can sometimes be visible through your skin, but veins are larger and thicker
than capillaries. While most veins only carry deoxygenated blood, capillaries can transport both oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood

Filtered sea water can be used to replenish lost water in the body.
A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. AOTA
Explanation: Today, desalination plants are used to convert sea water to drinking water on ships and in many
arid regions of the world, and to treat water in other areas that is fouled by natural and unnatural contaminants.

Kidney helps in the removal of toxic waste substance from the human body.
A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. AOTA
Explanation: The kidneys are the part of the urinary tract that makes urine (pee). Urine has salts, toxins, and water
that need to be filtered out of the blood. After the kidneys make urine, it leaves the body using the rest of the urinary
tract as a pathway.

Drinks, like Gatorade can restore salts during heavy exercise.

A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. NOTA
Explanation: However, sports drinks like Gatorade contain sugar and electrolytes like sodium and potassium.
Sports drinks can help replace what we lose during longer duration exercise, especially in the heat.

Salt is necessary to maintain the water content in the human body.

A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. AOTA
Explanation: salt assists these parts of your body in maintaining the proper amount of fluid.

A change in the internal state of the human body can be fatal.

A. True C. False
B. both a and c D. NOTA
Explanation: 44 °C (111.2 °F) or more – Almost certainly death will occur; however, people have been known to survive
up to 46.5 °C (115.7 °F). 43 °C (109.4 °F) – Normally death, or there may be serious brain damage, continuous
convulsions, and shock. Cardio-respiratory collapse will likely occur.

Its function is to separate the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm
and provides the structural framework of the nucleus.
A. Nuclear envelope
B. Chromatin
C. Ribosomes
D. Nuclear pore
It refers to a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes
found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms.
A. Nuclear envelope
B. Chromatin
C. Ribosomes
D. Nuclear pore
It is a spherical structure found in the cell's nucleus whose primary
function is to produce and assemble the cell's ribosomes. The nucleolus
is also where ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed.
A. Nuclear pore
B. Ribosomes
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. Nucleolus
It can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.
A. Nuclear pore
B. Ribosomes
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. Nucleolus
Is an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
A. Nuclear pore
B. Ribosomes
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. Nucleolus
This is a large complex of proteins that allows small molecules and ions to freely pass, or diffuse, into or out of the
nucleus.
A. Nuclear pore
B. Ribosomes
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. Nucleolus
Which of these is not a life science?
A. Biology
B. Zoology
C. Botany
D. Geography
What is a cell?
A. smallest and advanced unit of life
B. smallest and basic unit of life
C. largest and basic unit of life
D. largest and advanced unit of life
Which of the following is known as the powerhouse of a cell?
a) Mitochondria
b) Cytoplasm
c) Lysosome
d) Nuclei

In which of the following cell nucleus is not present?

a) Eukaryotic cell
b) Prokaryotic cell
c) Both of the above
d) None of the above

Which of the following organisms doesn’t have a cell?

a) Virus
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) Algae
Name the physiochemical process in which chemical energy is produced by light energy with the help of a
photosynthetic organism?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Oxidative decarboxylation
d) Oxidative phosphorylation

System of the body which coordinates and controls its activity is known as ___________
a) Organ system
b) Muscular system
c) Nervous tissue
d) Nervous system

Name the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
a) Neuroglia
b) Glial cells
c) Neurons
d) Perikaryon
Explanation: Nervous system has been composed of two types of cells, i.e., neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are the
basic functional and structural unit of the nervous system.

Cohesion of water molecules is due to___________

a) Diffusion
b) Osmosis
c) Gravitational force
d) Surface tension
Explanation: Cohesion is the property of water molecules which shows its hydrogen bonding. Surface tension is the
phenomenon of holding together of water molecules.

Which of the following is NOT the property of water?

a) Nonpolar molecule
b) Excellent solvent
c) High heat of vaporization
d) High specific heat
Explanation: Water is a polar molecule which is electrically neutral. It has a partial positive charge on each hydrogen
and partial negative charge on each oxygen.

Name the term which is given for the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane?
a) Diffusion
b) Osmosis
c) Tonicity
d) Transpiration
Explanation: Osmosis is a specialized form of diffusion, which involves a passive movement of water from higher to
lower concentration of water with the help of a semipermeable membrane.

Name the process of gaseous exchange in the body.

a) Lymphatic system
b) Respiration
c) Cardiovascular system
d) Respiratory system
Explanation: Respiration is the process of gaseous exchange in the body while cardiovascular regulates the blood
flow throughout the body.

Which of the following is NOT the function of the respiratory system?

a) Regulate blood pH
b) Helps in gaseous exchange
c) Protection against blood loss
d) Contains receptors for the sense of smell
Explanation: Respiratory system helps in regulation of blood, pH, and also contain receptors of smell, produces vocal
sound and filter inspired air while cardiovascular system protects against blood loss by the formation of blood clots.

The study of living organisms with the environment is known as ____________

a) Ecosystem
b) Environment
c) Community
d) Ecology
Explanation: Ecology is the study of the relationship between living organisms and the environment. It also deals with
the interaction of living organisms with each other.

The collection of the same species within an area is called a population.

a) True
b) False
Explanation: Population is the collection of individuals which belongs to the same species in a given region. The group
of populations is called communities.

Which of the following describe the study of group of the population?

a) Synecology
b) Autecology
c) Biomes
d) Community
Explanation: Synecology is the study of the group of population, while Autecology is the study of the individual or
single species under certain environmental condition.

Which of the following parameter of light is NOT required by plants to grow?

a) Wavelength of light
b) Intensity of light
c) Duration of light
d) Color of light
Explanation: Light affects the process of growth in the plant like photosynthesis and reproduction. Wavelength and
intensity of light play a major role in flower induction, plant movement, and seed germination and duration of light
regulates flowering and fruiting.

What is pedology?
a) Study of the effect of light on plant growth
b) Study of leaves
c) Study of climate
d) Study of soil
Explanation: Soil is the uppermost layer of the earth. The study of soil has been divided into two types, i.e., pedology
and edaphology. Edaphology deals with the effect of soil on other living organisms.

Plasmids are used for carrying out the cloning procedure. Which of the statement is true for plasmids?
a) Bacterial plasmids are linear in nature
b) They are single stranded
c) Insertion of DNA into plasmid allows it to be propagated in host cells and they are known as vectors
because of their this property
d) They are not capable of replication in bacteria
Explanation: Plasmids are double stranded and they are circular in nature. They are capable of replication in bacteria.
Insertion of DNA into plasmid allows it to be propagated in host cells and the molecules which are used for
propagation by this method are called as vectors.

What is the first step in the process of plant growth?

a) Seed fermentation
b) Seed desiccation
c) Seed germination
d) Seed dormancy
Explanation: The first step in the process of plant growth is seed germination. The seed germinates when favourable
conditions are available like the presence of oxygen, water and certain enzymes. If these conditions are not available,
then a seed may suspend its activities and will germinate only when these conditions become available.

Which of the following is the most fundamental characteristic of a living being?

a) Growth
b) Differentiation
c) Height
d) Heart
Explanation: Growth is regarded as one of the most fundamental and conspicuous characteristics of a living being.
Growth can be defined as an irreversible permanent increase in the size of an organ or its part or even of an individual
cell.

What is the growth rate?

a) Increased growth per unit distance
b) Decreased growth per unit distance
c) Increased growth per unit time
d) Intermediate growth between time and distance
Explanation: The increased growth per unit time is termed as growth rate. Thus, the rate of growth can be expressed
mathematically and can be represented with the help of various charts and graphs.

Which of the following is not an essential element for the growth of the plant?
a) Water
b) Oxygen
c) Nutrients
d) Carbon-dioxide
Explanation: Carbon dioxide is not an essential element for the growth of the plants as it is a by-product which is
released during the respiratory pathway. Water, oxygen and nutrients act as very essential elements for growth pf
plants as they help in the developmental processes of plants.

Which of the following provides medium for enzymatic activities of the plant?
a) Oxygen
b) Soil
c) Nutrients
d) Water
Explanation: Water provides the medium for enzymatic activities needed for growth in the plants as water is a
common medium which is easily available to the plants and most of the enzymes known for the plants can get easily
dissolved in the water.

Which of the following is essential for the growth of the plants?

a) Optimum Temperature
b) Very high temperature
c) Very humid atmosphere
d) Very low temperature
Explanation: Every plant organism has an optimum temperature range best suited for its growth. Any deviation from
this range could be detrimental to the survival of the plant.