Multiple choice Cells questions

1. To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through

 a. a microtubule.

 b. the Golgi apparatus.

 c. a ribosome.

 d. the nucleus.

 e. the plasma membrane.

2. Bacterial cell are prokaryotic; in comparison to a typical eukaryotic cell they would

 a. be smaller.

 b. have a smaller nucleus.

 c. lack a plasma membrane.

 d. have fewer internal membranous compartments.

 e. have a greater variety of organelles.

3. You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to

 a. make a lot of ATP.

 b. secrete a lot of material.

 c. move actively.

 d. perform photosynthesis.

 e. store large quantities of food

4. Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

 a. mitochondrion . . . photosynthesis

 b. nucleus . . . cellular respiration

 c. ribosome . . . manufacture of lipids

 d. lysosome . . . movement

 e. central vacuole . . . storage

5. Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing substances needed

by the cell?
  a. lysosome, vacuole, ribosome

 b. ribosome, rough ER, smooth ER

 c. vacuole, rough ER, smooth ER

 d. smooth ER, ribosome, vacuole

 e. rough ER, lysosome, vacuole

6. A cell has mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough ER, and other parts. Based on this
information, it could not be

 a. a cell from a pine tree.

 b. a grasshopper cell.

 c. a yeast (fungus) cell.

 d. a bacterium.

 e. Actually, it could be any of the above.

7. The electron microscope has been particularly useful in studying bacteria, because

 a. electrons can penetrate tough bacterial cell walls.

 b. bacteria are so small.

 c. bacteria move so quickly they are hard to photograph.

 d. with few organelles present, bacteria are distinguished by differences in individual

macromolecules.

 e. their organelles are small and tightly packed together

8. Cell fractionation is the most appropriate procedure for preparing ____ for study.

 a. isolated cells which are normally found tightly attached to neighbouring cells

 b. cells without a functional cytoskeleton

 c. isolated organelles

 d. the basic macromolecules

 e. bone and other similar cells which are situated within a mineral framework

9. Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

 a. the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall

 b. whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes

  c. the presence or absence of ribosomes

 d. whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism

 e. whether or not the cell contains DNA

10. Sara would like to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Her best
choice for a microscope would be a

 a. light microscope, because of its resolving power.

 b. transmission electron microscope, because of its magnifying power.

 c. scanning electron microscope, because the specimen is alive.

 d. transmission electron microscope, because of its great resolving power.

 e. light microscope, because the specimen is alive.

To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through

 a. a microtubule.
 b. the Golgi apparatus.
 c. a ribosome.
 d. the nucleus.
 e. the plasma membrane.

2. Bacterial cell are prokaryotic; in comparison to a typical eukaryotic cell they would

 a. be smaller.
 b. have a smaller nucleus.
 c. lack a plasma membrane.
 d. have fewer internal membranous compartments.
 e. have a greater variety of organelles.

3. You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to

 a. make a lot of ATP.

 b. secrete a lot of material.
 c. move actively.
 d. perform photosynthesis.
 e. store large quantities of food

4. Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

 a. mitochondrion . . . photosynthesis
 b. nucleus . . . cellular respiration
 c. ribosome . . . manufacture of lipids
 d. lysosome . . . movement
 e. central vacuole . . . storage
5. Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing substances
needed by the cell?

 a. lysosome, vacuole, ribosome

 b. ribosome, rough ER, smooth ER
 c. vacuole, rough ER, smooth ER
 d. smooth ER, ribosome, vacuole
 e. rough ER, lysosome, vacuole

6. A cell has mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough ER, and other parts. Based
on this information, it could not be

 a. a cell from a pine tree.

 b. a grasshopper cell.
 c. a yeast (fungus) cell.
 d. a bacterium.
 e. Actually, it could be any of the above.

7. The electron microscope has been particularly useful in studying bacteria,

because

 a. electrons can penetrate tough bacterial cell walls.

 b. bacteria are so small.
 c. bacteria move so quickly they are hard to photograph.
 d. with few organelles present, bacteria are distinguished by differences in
individual macromolecules.
 e. their organelles are small and tightly packed together

8. Cell fractionation is the most appropriate procedure for preparing ____ for study.

 a. isolated cells which are normally found tightly attached to neighbouring

cells
 b. cells without a functional cytoskeleton
 c. isolated organelles
 d. the basic macromolecules
 e. bone and other similar cells which are situated within a mineral framework

9. Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or
eukaryotic?

 a. the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall

 b. whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
 c. the presence or absence of ribosomes
 d. whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
 e. whether or not the cell contains DNA

10. Sara would like to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Her
best choice for a microscope would be a

 a. light microscope, because of its resolving power.

  b. transmission electron microscope, because of its magnifying power.
 c. scanning electron microscope, because the specimen is alive.
 d. transmission electron microscope, because of its great resolving power.
 e. light microscope, because the specimen is alive.

What is the respiratory system?

The body's breathing system

The body's system of nerves

The body's food-processing system

The body's blood-transporting system

Air can enter the body and travel to the lungs ...

through the mouth and the nose

through the oesophagus and gullet

through the windpipe and the pores

through the nose and the nervous system

What is the purpose of the little hairs inside the nose?

 To fight disease.

They serve no purpose.

To keep dust out of the lungs.

To tickle the nose and cause sneezes.

What is another name for the windpipe?

Lungs

Larynx

Trachea

Oesophagus

What happens to the windpipe, or trachea, before it reaches the lungs?

It branches in two directions.

 It branches in three directions.

It vibrates and creates sounds.

It closes up so that no oxygen can escape.

What important activity takes place in the lungs?

Food is digested.

Liquid waste is filtered from the blood.

Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide.

The trachea is exchanged for the larynx.

Oxygen moves from the lungs into the bloodstream through ...

nerve fibres

a large artery in the heart

small blood vessels in the lungs

 a tube in the lungs called the jugular vein

When we breathe in, we inhale many gases, including oxygen. What happens to the gases that
the body can't use?

They are exhaled.

They are changed into oxygen by the lungs.

They circulate through the body and are disposed of later.

They are absorbed into the digestive system and

used to create energy.

Which organ is made up of air-carrying tubes and tiny sacs?

The brain

The lungs

The stomach

The diaphragm
What body structure protects the lungs from outside harm?

Cartilage

Tiny sacs

The rib cage

The diaphragm

To go on living, the body's cells need food, water, chemicals, and ...

helium

oxygen

vegetables

carbon dioxide

1. 1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the lungs? 2. 1. Which of the

A. Metabolism following is NOT a
B. Serves as a reservoir of blood for the left ventricle. function of the
C. It is a filter to protect the systemic vasculature lungs?
D. Facilitates the exchange of O2 and CO2 between air and A. Metabolism
blood. B. Serves as a
E. All of the above are true. reservoir of blood
for the left
ventricle.
C. It is a filter to
Show answer protect the
systemic
Correct Answer: E vasculature
D. Facilitates the
exchange of O2 and
CO2 between air
and blood.
E. All of the above
are true.
2. Which of the following is in the correct path of CO2 from the
tissue to the atmosphere?
A. Reaction with H2O to make H2CO3, dissociation to H+ and
HCO3-, H+ combines with imidazole side chain of hemoglobin, Show answer
carried back to lungs as HHb+ and HCO3-, reverse reaction
forms CO2. Correct Answer: E
B. O2 is metabolized to CO2, reaction with H2O to make H2CO3,
H2CO3 combines with imidazole side chain of hemoglobin,
H2CO3Hb+ is carried back to the lungs, reverse reaction forms
CO2.
C. Reaction with H2O to make H2CO3, dissociation to H+ and
HCO3-, HCO3- combines with imidazole side chain of
hemoglobin, carried back to the lungs as HCO3-Hb+ and H+, 2. Which of the
reverse reaction forms CO2. following is in the
D. O2 is metabolized to CO2, reaction with H2O to make H2CO3, correct path of CO2
dissociation to H+ and HCO3-, carried back to lungs in this form, from the tissue to
reverse reaction forms CO2. the atmosphere?
A. Reaction with
H2O to make
H2CO3, dissociation
Show answer to H+ and HCO3-,
H+ combines with
Correct Answer: A imidazole side chain
of hemoglobin,
carried back to
lungs as HHb+ and
HCO3-, reverse
reaction forms CO2.
B. O2 is metabolized
3. Which of the following is NOT an effector of respiration? to CO2, reaction
A. Heart with H2O to make
B. diaphragm H2CO3, H2CO3
C. intercostals combines with
D. Trapezius. imidazole side chain
of hemoglobin,
H2CO3Hb+ is
 carried back to the
Show answer lungs, reverse
reaction forms CO2.
Correct Answer: D C. Reaction with
H2O to make
H2CO3, dissociation
to H+ and HCO3-,
HCO3- combines
with imidazole side
chain of
4. Which of the following is the first branching of the bronchial hemoglobin, carried
tree that has gas exchanging capabilities? back to the lungs as
A. Terminal bronchioles. HCO3-Hb+ and H+,
B. Respiratory bronchioles. reverse reaction
C. Alveoli forms CO2.
D. segmental bronchi D. O2 is
E. alveolar ducts. metabolized to CO2,
reaction with H2O
to make H2CO3,
dissociation to H+
Show answer and HCO3-, carried
back to lungs in this
Correct Answer: B form, reverse
reaction forms CO2.

Show answer

5. Which of the following could NOT be part of an acinus? Correct Answer: A

A. alveolar sacs
B. Alveolar ducts
C. Terminal bronchioles
D. Respiratory bronchiole

3. Which of the
Show answer following is NOT an
effector of
Correct Answer: C respiration?
A. Heart
B. diaphragm
C. intercostals
D. Trapezius.

6. If you increased the left atrial pressure from 5 mmHg to 15

mmHg, what effect would that have on pulmonary circulation? Show answer
A. It would force blood the opposite direction.
B. It would increase the speed at which blood moves through Correct Answer: D
the pulmonary circulation.
C. No change.
D. Blood flow would almost or completely stop.

Show answer 4. Which of the

following is the first
Correct Answer: D branching of the
bronchial tree that
has gas exchanging
capabilities?
A. Terminal
bronchioles.
B. Respiratory
7. Which of the following concerning average lung volumes and bronchioles.
capacities of a person at rest is TRUE? C. Alveoli
A. TLC>VC>TV>FRC D. segmental
B. TLC>FRC>VC>TV bronchi
C. TLC>VC>FRC>TV E. alveolar ducts.
D. TLC>FRC>TV>VC

Show answer
Show answer
Correct Answer: B
Correct Answer: C

5. Which of the
8. Which of the following is NOT a normal occurance with following could NOT
increasing age? be part of an
A. Vital capacity of the lung decreases. acinus?
B. Residual volume increases. A. alveolar sacs
C. Functional residual capacity increases. B. Alveolar ducts
D. Inspiratory capacity decreases. C. Terminal
E. Expiratory reserve volume increases. bronchioles
D. Respiratory
bronchiole

Show answer

Correct Answer: E Show answer

Correct Answer: C
9. Which of the following spirometry measurements has the
greatest sensitivity for detecting early air flow obstruction?
A. FVC 6. If you increased
B. FEV1 the left atrial
C. FFE pressure from 5
D. FEF25-75 mmHg to 15 mmHg,
what effect would
that have on
pulmonary
Show answer circulation?
A. It would force
Correct Answer: D blood the opposite
direction.
B. It would increase
the speed at which
blood moves
through the
pulmonary
10. Which of the following does NOT happen during inspiration? circulation.
A. The ribs move upward. C. No change.
B. The diaphragm lifts up. D. Blood flow would
C. The antero-posterior dimensions of the chest are increased. almost or
D. The tranverse dimensions of the thorax are increased. completely stop.
E. The scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles can be
recruited for inspiration.

Show answer

Show answer Correct Answer: D

Correct Answer: B

7. Which of the
following
11. During inspiration, how does alveolar pressure compare to concerning average
atmospheric pressure? lung volumes and
A. Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric. capacities of a
B. Alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric. person at rest is
C. Alveolar pressure is the same as atmospheric. TRUE?
D. Alveolar pressure is one of the few pressures where the A. TLC>VC>TV>FRC
reference pressure is not atmospheric. B. TLC>FRC>VC>TV
C. TLC>VC>FRC>TV
D. TLC>FRC>TV>VC

Show answer

Correct Answer: B Show answer

 Correct Answer: C

12. Which of the following represents the pressure difference

that acts to distend the lungs?
A. Alveolar pressure 8. Which of the
B. Airway opening pressure following is NOT a
C. Transthoracic pressure normal occurance
D. Transpulmonary pressure with increasing age?
E. Esophageal pressure. A. Vital capacity of
the lung decreases.
B. Residual volume
increases.
Show answer C. Functional
residual capacity
Correct Answer: D increases.
D. Inspiratory
capacity decreases.
E. Expiratory
reserve volume
increases.

13. If a patient had a progressive lung disease that required an

ever increasing pressure to fill the same volume of lung, how
would the lung's compliance be affected? Show answer
A. It would increase it.
B. It would stay the same. Correct Answer: E
C. It would decrease it.
D. These variables do not affect lung compliance.

Show answer
9. Which of the
Correct Answer: C following
spirometry
measurements has
the greatest
sensitivity for
detecting early air
flow obstruction?
14. An asthma sufferer finds she has to breathe at twice her A. FVC
normal rate. How does that affect her dynamic compliance? B. FEV1
A. It stays the same. C. FFE
B. It decreases. D. FEF25-75
C. It increases.
D. Static compliance, not dynamic, is the variable affected by
asthma.
Show answer
 Correct Answer: D
Show answer

Correct Answer: B

10. Which of the

following does NOT
happen during
15. According to the Law of Laplace, air should flow from the inspiration?
smaller alveoli to the larger, collapsing them. In the lungs, A. The ribs move
several factors counter that tendency, and stabilize the alveolar upward.
structures. Which of the following is NOT one of them? B. The diaphragm
A. Surfactant lowers surface tension to a greater degree when it lifts up.
is on a smaller surface area, allowing the smaller alveoli to stay C. The antero-
open. posterior
B. Mechanical stability is given by surrounding alveoli. dimensions of the
C. Transpulmonary pressure is lower for smaller alveoli, allowing chest are increased.
them to stabilize in comparison to the bigger ones. D. The tranverse
D. Surface tension at the gas-liquid interface increases as dimensions of the
alveolar surface area increases. thorax are
increased.
E. The scalene and
sternocleidomastoi
Show answer d muscles can be
recruited for
Correct Answer: C inspiration.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B
16. Which of the following is FALSE concerning the production
and role of lung surfactant?
A. It is part of a lipoprotein called dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl-
choline.
B. It is synthesized by alveolar type II cells.
C. As the alveolar surface area decreases during the
compression curve, the surfactant decreases the surface 11. During
tension at a constant rate. inspiration, how
D. When surfactant density is decreased during expansion, does alveolar
surface tension initially rises rapidly, then slows down until it pressure compare
reaches the starting point. to atmospheric
pressure?
A. Alveolar pressure
is greater than
Show answer atmospheric.
B. Alveolar pressure
Correct Answer: C is less than
atmospheric.
C. Alveolar pressure
is the same as
atmospheric.
D. Alveolar pressure
is one of the few
17. Which of the following is NOT true concerning respiratory pressures where the
distress syndrome in premature infants? reference pressure
A. Their ability to synthesize DPPC is limited. is not atmospheric.
B. Higher pressures are required to ventilate the lungs.
C. Lung compliance is low.
D. Positive pressure respirators are often used to assist them in
breathing. Show answer
E. Alveoli tend to overexpand and sometimes burst at the end
of inspiration. Correct Answer: B

Show answer

Correct Answer: E
12. Which of the
following
represents the
pressure difference
that acts to distend
the lungs?
18. Which of the following is NOT true at FRC? A. Alveolar pressure
A. It is about 75% TLC. B. Airway opening
B. The elastic recoil of the chest wall is outward. pressure
C. The elastic recoil of the lung is inward. C. Transthoracic
D. The relaxation pressure of the lung and chest wall combined pressure
is at atmospheric pressure. D. Transpulmonary
pressure
E. Esophageal
pressure.
Show answer

Correct Answer: A
Show answer

Correct Answer: D

19. If the lung were punctured, which of the following would

happen?
A. The lung would collapse on the side of the puncture.
B. Both the lung and the chest wall would collapse on the side 13. If a patient had
of the puncture. a progressive lung
C. The relaxation pressure of the chest wall would increase until disease that
it surpassed the atmospheric. required an ever
D. The relaxation pressure of the chest wall would increase, but increasing pressure
stop before it reached atmospheric pressure. to fill the same
volume of lung, how
would the lung's
compliance be
Show answer affected?
A. It would increase
Correct Answer: A it.
B. It would stay the
same.
C. It would decrease
it.
D. These variables
do not affect lung
20. Which of the following is FALSE concerning the airflow in the compliance.
lungs?
A. During inspiration and expiration, the flow in the trachea and
larger bronchi is turbulent.
B. Towards the middle of the bronchial tree, the flow is Show answer
turbulent at the branches and laminar in between.
C. Near the end of the bronchial tree, the flow is laminar. Correct Answer: C
D. The acini have very small radii which significantly increases
the total air flow resistance of the bronchial tree.

Show answer
14. An asthma
Correct Answer: D sufferer finds she
has to breathe at
twice her normal
rate. How does that
affect her dynamic
compliance?
A. It stays the same.
21. Which of the following is FALSE concerning airway B. It decreases.
resistance? C. It increases.
A. Up to 50% is in the nose. D. Static
B. The maximum resistance in the bronchial tree occurs at the compliance, not
fourth generation. dynamic, is the
C. In the later generations, the radii are smaller, increasing the variable affected by
total resistance at each successive generation. asthma.
D. Airway resistance can be increased by loss of tissue elasticity
and contraction of bronchial smooth muscles.

Show answer

Show answer Correct Answer: B

Correct Answer: C

15. According to the

Law of Laplace, air
22. Which of the following is FALSE concerning the effect of should flow from
effort on airflow and volume during inspiration and expiration? the smaller alveoli
A. During inspiration, greater effort always results in greater to the larger,
flow. collapsing them. In
B. Peak expiratory flow occurs at the beginning of expiration. the lungs, several
C. At low and moderate lung volumes, the greater the effort factors counter that
above threshold, the greater the airflow in expiration. tendency, and
D. Portions of the expiration curve are effort independent. stabilize the
alveolar structures.
Which of the
following is NOT
Show answer one of them?
A. Surfactant lowers
Correct Answer: C surface tension to a
greater degree
when it is on a
smaller surface
area, allowing the
smaller alveoli to
stay open.
23. If the equal pressure point during expiration is in the lobar B. Mechanical
bronchi, which of the following is TRUE? stability is given by
A. Expiratory flow would be effort dependent. surrounding alveoli.
B. Expiratory flow would be effort independent. C. Transpulmonary
C. The bronchi beyond the equal pressure point would pressure is lower
compress. for smaller alveoli,
D. This situation would only occur during medium and low lung allowing them to
volumes. stabilize in
comparison to the
bigger ones.
D. Surface tension
Show answer at the gas-liquid
interface increases
Correct Answer: A as alveolar surface
area increases.

Show answer

24. Which of the following does NOT apply to the alveoli at the Correct Answer: C
base of the lungs?
A. They are less elastic than the alveoli at the apex.
B. The pleural pressure is lower.
C. At FRC they are less inflated than the alveoli at the apex.
D. They are closed at RV.
E. They have a greater volume change than alveoli at the apex
during inspiration from FRC. 16. Which of the
following is FALSE
concerning the
production and role
Show answer of lung surfactant?
A. It is part of a
Correct Answer: A lipoprotein called
dipalmitoyl
phosphatidyl-
choline.
B. It is synthesized
by alveolar type II
cells.
25. Which of the following is FALSE concerning the closing C. As the alveolar
volume for the lung? surface area
A. Comes between Phase 3 and Phase 4 on the single breath N2 decreases during
washout curve. the compression
B. Marks the point where the alveoli at the apex close. curve, the
C. Marks a sudden increase in nitrogen concentration in the surfactant
expelled breath. decreases the
D. Marks when the overinflated, poorly ventilated alveoli at the surface tension at a
apex expel their air with high N2 concentrations. constant rate.
D. When surfactant
density is decreased
during expansion,
Show answer surface tension
initially rises rapidly,
Correct Answer: B then slows down
until it reaches the
starting point.

Show answer
26. Which of the following is TRUE if a patient breathes slower
than normal with increased tidal volumes? Correct Answer: C
A. More resistive work is done.
B. The total work done decreases.
C. More elastic work is done.
D. Compliance is decreased.

17. Which of the

Show answer following is NOT
true concerning
Correct Answer: C respiratory distress
syndrome in
premature infants?
 A. Their ability to
synthesize DPPC is
limited.
B. Higher pressures
27. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning the are required to
efficiency of breathing and the oxygen consumption of the ventilate the lungs.
respiratory muscles? C. Lung compliance
A. Efficiency is defined as the ratio of mechanical work done to is low.
move air to the amount of metabolic energy used by the D. Positive pressure
respiratory muscles. respirators are
B. The respiratory system uses less than 3% of the body's total often used to assist
oxygen consumption at rest. them in breathing.
C. Respiratory muscles are more efficient than large muscle E. Alveoli tend to
groups. overexpand and
D. Emphysema increases the oxygen requirement for sometimes burst at
respiratory muscles. the end of
E. Hyperventilation can increase the oxygen consumption of inspiration.
respiratory muscles to 30%.

Show answer
Show answer
Correct Answer: E
Correct Answer: C

18. Which of the

28. If the FIO2 is .21, the FEO2 is .16, the VT is 0.5 L, and the following is NOT
frequency of breathing is 12. What is the VO2? The equations true at FRC?
are VO2=VI * (FIO2 - FEO2) and VI = VT * f. A. It is about 75%
A. 3.0 L/min TLC.
B. 0.75 L/min B. The elastic recoil
C. -0.75 L/min of the chest wall is
D. 0.3 L/min outward.
C. The elastic recoil
of the lung is
inward.
Show answer D. The relaxation
pressure of the lung
Correct Answer: D and chest wall
combined is at
atmospheric
pressure.

29. In what situation would the gas exchange ratio be decreased Show answer
compared to the respiratory quotient?
A. During slowed breathing. Correct Answer: A
B. Holding your breath.
C. During hyperventilation.
D. Impossible. The two are always equivalent.

Show answer 19. If the lung were

punctured, which of
Correct Answer: C the following would
happen?
A. The lung would
collapse on the side
of the puncture.
B. Both the lung and
the chest wall
30. A 140 lb woman would have approximately how much dead would collapse on
space in her lungs? the side of the
A. 140 ml. puncture.
B. 70 ml. C. The relaxation
C. 280 ml. pressure of the
D. 35 ml. chest wall would
increase until it
surpassed the
atmospheric.
Show answer D. The relaxation
pressure of the
Correct Answer: A chest wall would
increase, but stop
before it reached
atmospheric
pressure.

31. How do you calculate how much inspired air actually

ventilates the alveoli during one minute? Show answer
A. Subtract the volume of dead space from the tidal volume.
B. Subtract both the dead space volume that was already in the Correct Answer: A
lungs plus the dead space of the inspired air that won't reach
the alveoli from the tidal volume.
C. Subtract the volume of dead space from the tidal volume and
multiply it by the number of breaths per minute.
D. It is equal to the tidal volume times the frequency of
breathing.
20. Which of the
following is FALSE
concerning the
Show answer airflow in the lungs?
A. During
Correct Answer: C inspiration and
expiration, the flow
 in the trachea and
larger bronchi is
turbulent.
B. Towards the
middle of the
32. Which of the following is NOT a function of dead space? bronchial tree, the
A. Warms expired air to body temperature. flow is turbulent at
B. Saturates inspired air with water vapor. the branches and
C. Removes bacteria and other particulate matter. laminar in between.
D. Conducts the warmed air to the respiratory membranes. C. Near the end of
the bronchial tree,
the flow is laminar.
D. The acini have
Show answer very small radii
which significantly
Correct Answer: A increases the total
air flow resistance
of the bronchial
tree.

33. Calculate PAO2 for a person at sea level for R = 0.82 and Show answer
PACO2 = 40 Torr.
A. 110 Torr. Correct Answer: D
B. 95 Torr
C. 80 Torr
D. 101 Torr

Show answer 21. Which of the

following is FALSE
Correct Answer: D concerning airway
resistance?
A. Up to 50% is in
the nose.
B. The maximum
resistance in the
bronchial tree
34. To which of the following is alveolar PCO2 directly occurs at the fourth
proportional? generation.
A. Rate of CO2 production and alveolar ventilation. C. In the later
B. Rate of CO2 production and rate of O2 consumption. generations, the
C. Alveolar ventilation and rate of O2 consumption. radii are smaller,
D. Alveolar ventilation, rate of O2 consumption, and rate of CO2 increasing the total
production. resistance at each
successive
generation.
D. Airway resistance
Show answer can be increased by
 loss of tissue
Correct Answer: B elasticity and
contraction of
bronchial smooth
muscles.

35. If a patient's blood carries 10 grams of Hb per deciliter, what Show answer
is the O2 carrying capacity of his blood?
A. 18 milliliters per deciliter. Correct Answer: C
B. 20 milliliters per deciliter.
C. 10 milliliters per deciliter.
D. 13 millliliters per deciliter.

Show answer 22. Which of the

following is FALSE
Correct Answer: D concerning the
effect of effort on
airflow and volume
during inspiration
and expiration?
A. During
inspiration, greater
36. Which of the following definitions is FALSE? effort always results
A. O2 content of blood is the actual amount of O2 in one in greater flow.
deciliter of blood. B. Peak expiratory
B. O2 saturation of blood is the ratio of O2 content to its O2 flow occurs at the
capacity. beginning of
C. The O2 uptake curve of blood is the functional relationship expiration.
between O2 content and PO2. C. At low and
D. The O2 content of blood depends completely on the amount moderate lung
of Hb in the blood. volumes, the
greater the effort
above threshold,
the greater the
Show answer airflow in
expiration.
Correct Answer: D D. Portions of the
expiration curve are
effort independent.

Show answer
37. Which of the following statements about Hb is FALSE?
A. A higher P50 than normal means that the O2 binds less Correct Answer: C
tightly to Hb.
B. An increase in 2,3-DPG shifts the O2 uptake curve to the left.
C. An increase in PCO2 causes a right shift of the O2 uptake
curve.
D. An decrease in pH increases P50.
E. An increase in temperature shifts the O2 uptake curve to the
right. 23. If the equal
pressure point
during expiration is
in the lobar bronchi,
Show answer which of the
following is TRUE?
Correct Answer: B A. Expiratory flow
would be effort
dependent.
B. Expiratory flow
would be effort
independent.
C. The bronchi
38. Which of the following is NOT a form by which CO2 can be beyond the equal
transported in the blood? pressure point
A. As bicarbonate would compress.
B. Dissolved in the blood. D. This situation
C. Bound to the amino end groups in proteins. would only occur
D. Bound to the imidazole ring of glutamate. during medium and
low lung volumes.

Show answer
Show answer
Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer: A

39. Which of the following in FALSE concerning CO2 uptake?

A. If PO2 = PCO2, then there will be more total CO2 in the 24. Which of the
blood. following does NOT
B. Oxygenation moves the CO2 uptake curve downward. apply to the alveoli
C. The CO2 uptake curve is generated by comparing the total at the base of the
CO2 per unit volume of blood, and the PCO2. lungs?
D. Deoxygenated blood carries less CO2 than oxygenated. A. They are less
elastic than the
alveoli at the apex.
B. The pleural
Show answer pressure is lower.
C. At FRC they are
Correct Answer: D less inflated than
the alveoli at the
apex.
D. They are closed
 at RV.
E. They have a
greater volume
40. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning the O2 / change than alveoli
CO2 movement and processing through the lungs and tissues? at the apex during
A. Binding of O2 to Hb changes its configuration so that CO2 and inspiration from
H+ ions are more likely to dissociate. FRC.
B. When CO2 diffused into the alveoli, the PaCO2 is lowered.
C. Carbonic acid is an intermediate in the reaction combining H+
with HCO3- to form H2O and CO2.
D. Arterial blood flows to the tissues where H+ ions combine Show answer
with HCO3- to form H2O and CO2.
Correct Answer: A

Show answer

Correct Answer: D

25. Which of the

following is FALSE
concerning the
closing volume for
the lung?
41. Which of the following can cause stagnant hypoxia? A. Comes between
A. COPD Phase 3 and Phase 4
B. Shock or heart failure. on the single breath
C. Cyanide poisoning. N2 washout curve.
D. Carbon monoxide poisoning. B. Marks the point
where the alveoli at
the apex close.
C. Marks a sudden
Show answer increase in nitrogen
concentration in the
Correct Answer: B expelled breath.
D. Marks when the
overinflated, poorly
ventilated alveoli at
the apex expel their
air with high N2
concentrations.
42. If you blocked the blood supply to an alveolus, which of the
following would NOT occur as a result?
A. The ventilation perfusion ratio would be 0.
B. The PAO2 would be greater than normal. Show answer
C. The PACO2 would be 0.
D. All of the above are true. Correct Answer: B

Show answer
Correct Answer: A
26. Which of the
following is TRUE if
a patient breathes
slower than normal
with increased tidal
volumes?
43. Which of the following is FALSE concerning the ventilation A. More resistive
and perfusion of different regions of the lung? work is done.
A. Alveoli at the top of the lung have a smaller dynamic B. The total work
compliance. done decreases.
B. The Hb moving through the base of the lung is less saturated C. More elastic work
than that at the apex of the lung. is done.
C. PAO2 at the apex of the lung is higher than that at the base of D. Compliance is
the lung. decreased.
D. Regional variation in ventilation-perfusion is more efficient
for oxygenating blood than is uniform ventilation-perfusion.
E. Variation of the ventilation/perfusion ratio in the lungs only
becomes significant when lung function begins to degrade. Show answer

Correct Answer: C

Show answer

Correct Answer: D

27. Which of the

following is
INCORRECT
concerning the
44. Which of the following is FALSE concerning the relationships efficiency of
of the variables in diffusion of O2 across a membrane? breathing and the
A. Doubling the thickness of the membrane would cut the total oxygen
flow of O2 in half. consumption of the
B. Doubling the area of the membrane would double the total respiratory
flow of O2 . muscles?
C. If you increased the alveolar concentration of O2, you would A. Efficiency is
increase the total flow of O2 across the alveolar membrane. defined as the ratio
D. The lower the diffusion coefficient, the higher the total flow. of mechanical work
E. Increasing the arterial concentration of O2 would decrease done to move air to
the total flow of O2. the amount of
metabolic energy
used by the
respiratory muscles.
Show answer B. The respiratory
system uses less
Correct Answer: D than 3% of the
body's total oxygen
consumption at
 rest.
C. Respiratory
muscles are more
efficient than large
45. If the blood moved slower than normal through the alveolar muscle groups.
capillaries, which of the following would have an increased D. Emphysema
uptake? increases the
A. Carbon dioxide. oxygen requirement
B. Carbon monoxide. for respiratory
C. Oxygen muscles.
D. None of the above. E. Hyperventilation
can increase the
oxygen
consumption of
Show answer respiratory muscles
to 30%.
Correct Answer: B

Show answer

Correct Answer: C

46. Which of the following is FALSE concerning diffusion in the

lungs?
A. CO is used to measure diffusing capacity because its uptake is
diffusion limited.
B. Actual diffusion time includes time required for an O2
molecule to diffuse from the alveolus, through the membrane, 28. If the FIO2
the plasma, and into a RBC. is .21, the FEO2
C. Reaction time is the time it takes the O2 molecule to react is .16, the VT is 0.5
with Hb. L, and the
D. The diffusion time is greater than the reaction time of an O2 frequency of
molecule. breathing is 12.
What is the VO2?
The equations are
VO2=VI * (FIO2 -
Show answer FEO2) and VI = VT *
f.
Correct Answer: D A. 3.0 L/min
B. 0.75 L/min
C. -0.75 L/min
D. 0.3 L/min

47. Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT concerning Show answer

central nervous systems and a factor they respond to by
affecting respiration? Correct Answer: D
A. Cerebellum: Mechanoreceptor input
B. Limbic system: emotional states
C. Cerebral cortex: voluntary control
D. Cerebral motor cortex: exercise

29. In what
Show answer situation would the
gas exchange ratio
Correct Answer: A be decreased
compared to the
respiratory
quotient?
A. During slowed
breathing.
B. Holding your
48. Which of the following will NOT increase the minute breath.
ventilation? C. During
A. An increase in arterial pH. hyperventilation.
B. An increase in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide. D. Impossible. The
C. Increase in alveolar pressure of carbon dioxide. two are always
D. Exercise. equivalent.
E. Hypoxia.

Show answer
Show answer
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer: A

30. A 140 lb woman

49. Which of the following is the primary regulating variable of would have
the central chemoreceptors? approximately how
A. PaO2. much dead space in
B. PaCO2 her lungs?
C. arterial pH A. 140 ml.
D. Input from stretch receptors. B. 70 ml.
C. 280 ml.
D. 35 ml.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B Show answer

Correct Answer: A
50. In which situation would the response to hypoxia be
limited?
A. In a patient with obstructed airways. 31. How do you
B. When hypoxia is accompanied by hypercapnea. calculate how much
C. In the hypoxia induced by high altitude. inspired air actually
D. During hypoventilation. ventilates the
alveoli during one
minute?
A. Subtract the
Show answer volume of dead
space from the tidal
Correct Answer: C volume.
B. Subtract both the
dead space volume
that was already in
the lungs plus the
dead space of the
inspired air that
51. Which of the following is FALSE concerning chemoreceptor won't reach the
input to the respiratory centers? alveoli from the
A. CSF is a poor buffer and a drop in PCO2 produces a large tidal volume.
change in pH initiating a change in respiration. C. Subtract the
B. The body can adjust to chronic hypercapnea by using an volume of dead
active HCO3- transport process in the choroid plexus. space from the tidal
C. The carotid and aortic bodies detect increases in PaCO2 and volume and
pH, and decreases in PaO2 . multiply it by the
D. 75% of ventilatory response is regulated by chemoreceptors number of breaths
in the CSF and 25% by the carotid and aortic bodies. per minute.
E. Central chemoreceptors tend to respond slowly over time, D. It is equal to the
while carotid bodies react quickly to immediate needs. tidal volume times
the frequency of
breathing.

Show answer

Correct Answer: C Show answer

Correct Answer: C

52. Which of the following pairs is NOT a pulmonary

mechanoreceptor paired to a possible stimulus?
A. Stretch receptor: inflation 32. Which of the
B. Irritant receptor: inhaled dust following is NOT a
C. Juxtacapillary receptors: decreases interstitial fluid volume in function of dead
alveolar walls. space?
D. Bronchial C receptors: large inflations. A. Warms expired
air to body
temperature.
 B. Saturates
Show answer inspired air with
water vapor.
Correct Answer: C C. Removes bacteria
and other
particulate matter.
1. Which of the following is NOT an inward current? D. Conducts the
A. I Na warmed air to the
B. I Ca respiratory
C. I f membranes.
D. I Na-K (pump)

Show answer
Show answer
Correct Answer: A
Correct Answer: D

33. Calculate PAO2

for a person at sea
level for R = 0.82
and PACO2 = 40
Torr.
A. 110 Torr.
B. 95 Torr
C. 80 Torr
D. 101 Torr

2.
Show answer
In the image, which curve represents the IK1?
A. A Correct Answer: D
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E

34. To which of the

Show answer following is alveolar
PCO2 directly
Correct Answer: B proportional?
A. Rate of CO2
production and
alveolar ventilation.
B. Rate of CO2
 production and rate
of O2 consumption.
C. Alveolar
ventilation and rate
of O2 consumption.
D. Alveolar
ventilation, rate of
O2 consumption,
and rate of CO2
production.

3.
Show answer
Which of the following would cause the change from curve A to
curve B in heart contractility? Correct Answer: B
A. Norepinephrine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Intracellular acidosis
D. Ca channel blockers

35. If a patient's
Show answer blood carries 10
grams of Hb per
Correct Answer: A deciliter, what is the
O2 carrying capacity
of his blood?
A. 18 milliliters per
deciliter.
B. 20 milliliters per
deciliter.
C. 10 milliliters per
deciliter.
D. 13 millliliters per
deciliter.

Show answer

Correct Answer: D

4.

Which letter indicates the point in the cardiac cycle that the
mitral valve opens?
A. A
B. B 36. Which of the
C. C following definitions
D. D is FALSE?
E. F A. O2 content of
blood is the actual
amount of O2 in
one deciliter of
blood.
B. O2 saturation of
blood is the ratio of
Show answer O2 content to its O2
capacity.
Correct Answer: D C. The O2 uptake
curve of blood is the
functional
relationship
between O2
content and PO2.
D. The O2 content
of blood depends
completely on the
amount of Hb in the
blood.

Show answer

5. Correct Answer: D

Which letter in the image represents the pressure reaction in

the left atrium as the mitral valve bulges during ventricular
contraction followed by the stretching of the atrium due to
tension of the AV ring?
A. L
B. K 37. Which of the
C. F following
D. D statements about
Hb is FALSE?
A. A higher P50 than
normal means that
Show answer the O2 binds less
tightly to Hb.
Correct Answer: B B. An increase in
2,3-DPG shifts the
O2 uptake curve to
the left.
C. An increase in
PCO2 causes a right
shift of the O2
uptake curve.
D. An decrease in
pH increases P50.
E. An increase in
 temperature shifts
the O2 uptake curve
to the right.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B

6.

Which letter in the image represents the isovolumetric

contraction of the left ventricle in the heart?
A. F 38. Which of the
B. B following is NOT a
C. H form by which CO2
D. D can be transported
in the blood?
A. As bicarbonate
B. Dissolved in the
Show answer blood.
C. Bound to the
Correct Answer: A amino end groups
in proteins.
D. Bound to the
imidazole ring of
glutamate.

Show answer

Correct Answer: D

7. Which of the following is a CORRECT order of blood flow

through the heart?
1 - right atrium
2 - left atrium
3 - right ventricle
4 - left ventricle 39. Which of the
5 - vena cava following in FALSE
6 - pulmonary artery concerning CO2
7 - pulmonary vein uptake?
8 - tricuspid AV valve A. If PO2 = PCO2,
9 - bicuspid (mitral) AV valve then there will be
10 - pulmonary valve more total CO2 in
11 - aortic valve the blood.
12 - aorta B. Oxygenation
moves the CO2
A. 5, 1, 9, 3, 10, 6, 7, 2, 8, 4, 11, 12 uptake curve
B. 5, 1, 8, 3, 10, 7, 6, 2, 9, 4, 11, 12 downward.
C. 5, 1, 8, 3, 10, 6, 7, 2, 9, 4, 11, 12 C. The CO2 uptake
D. 5, 1, 8, 3, 11, 6, 7, 2, 9, 4, 10, 12 curve is generated
by comparing the
total CO2 per unit
volume of blood,
Show answer and the PCO2.
D. Deoxygenated
Correct Answer: C blood carries less
CO2 than
oxygenated.

Show answer
8.
Correct Answer: D
What type of arrhythmia does this image represent?
A. First-degree heart block
B. Third degree heart block (complete AV block)
C. Premature ventricular contraction
D. Ventricular fibrillation

40. Which of the

following is
Show answer INCORRECT
concerning the O2 /
Correct Answer: C CO2 movement and
processing through
the lungs and
tissues?
A. Binding of O2 to
Hb changes its
configuration so
9. Which of the following is NOT a part of the specialized that CO2 and H+
conduction system of the heart? ions are more likely
A. Cells of the SA node. to dissociate.
B. Cells of the AV node. B. When CO2
C. Working myocardial cells. diffused into the
D. His bundle. alveoli, the PaCO2 is
E. Purkinje fibers. lowered.
C. Carbonic acid is
an intermediate in
the reaction
Show answer combining H+ with
HCO3- to form H2O
Correct Answer: C and CO2.
D. Arterial blood
0 flows to the tissues
where H+ ions
 combine with
HCO3- to form H2O
and CO2.
10. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning cardiac
muscle?
A. Cardiac cells are smaller than skeletal muscle cells.
B. Electrical communication between cardiac cells is maintained Show answer
via gap junctions which are specialized portions of the
intercalated discs. Correct Answer: D
C. Mechanical attachment of cardiac cells is at the intercalated
disc.
D. The spread of excitation through the heart muscle is 3-
dimensional.
E. Transverse tubules are larger in skeletal muscle than in heart
muscle allowing more diffusion of Ca2+ into the interior of the
cell. 41. Which of the
following can cause
stagnant hypoxia?
A. COPD
Show answer B. Shock or heart
failure.
Correct Answer: E C. Cyanide
poisoning.
D. Carbon
monoxide
poisoning.

11. Which of the following is usually the dominant pacemaker

and fires the fastest? Show answer
A. SA node.
B. AV node Correct Answer: B
C. His bundle.
D. Purkinje fibers.

Show answer
42. If you blocked
Correct Answer: A the blood supply to
an alveolus, which
of the following
would NOT occur as
a result?
A. The ventilation
perfusion ratio
12. Which of the following is NOT true of the parasympathetic would be 0.
control of the heart? B. The PAO2 would
A. It affects muscarinic receptors. be greater than
B. It decreases heart rate via the SA node. normal.
C. It decreases conduction velocity via the AV node. C. The PACO2 would
D. It can be blocked by beta blockers, e.g. propranolol. be 0.
D. All of the above
are true.

Show answer

Correct Answer: D Show answer

Correct Answer: A

13. Which of the following is a TRUE statement concerning

pacemaker potential?
A. Specialized cells depolarize during phase 4, but ventricular 43. Which of the
and atrial muscle cells do not. following is FALSE
B. Specialized cells depolarize during phase 3, but ventricular concerning the
and atrial muscle cells do not. ventilation and
C. Specialized cells repolarize during phase 4, but ventricular perfusion of
and atrial muscle cells do not. different regions of
D. Specialized cells repolarize during phase 3, but ventricular the lung?
and atrial muscle cells do not. A. Alveoli at the top
E. None are correct of the lung have a
smaller dynamic
compliance.
B. The Hb moving
Show answer through the base of
the lung is less
Correct Answer: A saturated than that
at the apex of the
lung.
C. PAO2 at the apex
of the lung is higher
than that at the
base of the lung.
14. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning the voltage D. Regional
clamp technique? variation in
A. The voltage clamp technique is used to record action ventilation-
potentials from heart cells perfusion is more
B. It is useful to measure effects of antiarrhythmic agents on efficient for
specific ion channels. oxygenating blood
C. The voltage clamp can be used to set the Vm either for a than is uniform
segment of the cell membrane or the entire cell. ventilation-
D. It allows the investigator to measure both the magnitude and perfusion.
time course of the ionic current generated by ions moving E. Variation of the
through channels. ventilation/perfusio
n ratio in the lungs
only becomes
significant when
Show answer lung function begins
 to degrade.
Correct Answer: A

Show answer

Correct Answer: D

15. Which of the following is the property of a cardiac cell to

initiate and fire an action potential on its own without external
stimulation?
A. Selectivity
B. Spontaneity.
C. Automaticity. 44. Which of the
D. Conductance. following is FALSE
concerning the
relationships of the
variables in
Show answer diffusion of O2
across a
Correct Answer: C membrane?
A. Doubling the
thickness of the
membrane would
cut the total flow of
O2 in half.
B. Doubling the area
16. Which of the following does NOT show rapid initial of the membrane
depolarization at the start of an action potential? would double the
A. SA node. total flow of O2 .
B. Atrial muscle. C. If you increased
C. Purkinje fibers. the alveolar
D. Ventricular muscle. concentration of
E. Bundle of His. O2, you would
increase the total
flow of O2 across
the alveolar
Show answer membrane.
D. The lower the
Correct Answer: A diffusion coefficient,
the higher the total
flow.
E. Increasing the
arterial
concentration of O2
would decrease the
17. Sodium enters the cell during the upstroke of the action total flow of O2.
potential. What is the major mechanism for removing Na from
the cell?
A. It passively diffuses out of the cell.
B. It is extruded via an ATP-dependent Na-K pump. Show answer
C. It is extruded via an ATP-dependent Na-Ca pump.
D. It is extruded via an ATP-independent Na-K pump. Correct Answer: D
E. It is extruded via an ATP-independent Na-Ca pump.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B 45. If the blood

moved slower than
normal through the
alveolar capillaries,
which of the
following would
have an increased
18. If sodium channels are open, membrane potential is +110 uptake?
mV, and the equilibrium potential is +68 mV, how will sodium A. Carbon dioxide.
ions respond? B. Carbon
A. They will move into the cell. monoxide.
B. They will move out of the cell. C. Oxygen
C. They will not move. D. None of the
D. The conductance will drop to zero. above.

Show answer Show answer

Correct Answer: B Correct Answer: B

19. Which of the following is NOT true of an inward ionic 46. Which of the
current? following is FALSE
A. It is negative. concerning diffusion
B. It reduces the polarity of the cell. in the lungs?
C. It makes the membrane potential more negative. A. CO is used to
D. It can be caused by Na ions moving into the cell measure diffusing
E. It can be caused by anions moving out of the cell. capacity because its
uptake is diffusion
limited.
B. Actual diffusion
Show answer time includes time
required for an O2
Correct Answer: C molecule to diffuse
from the alveolus,
through the
membrane, the
plasma, and into a
 RBC.
C. Reaction time is
20. If you reduced the outward current in a heart cell, what the time it takes the
would be the result? O2 molecule to
A. Increase the rate of repolarization. react with Hb.
B. Prolong the action potential. D. The diffusion
C. Increase the rate of depolarization. time is greater than
the reaction time of
an O2 molecule.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B Show answer

Correct Answer: D

21. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning diastolic

depolarization at the SA node?
A. It results from a decrease in IK. 47. Which of the
B. Results from the activation of If carried mainly by Na ions. following pairs is
C. Its rate is decreased by sympathetic stimulation. INCORRECT
D. Activating IKACh decreases its rate. concerning central
E. Its rate is decreased by decreasing ICa nervous systems
and a factor they
respond to by
affecting
Show answer respiration?
A. Cerebellum:
Correct Answer: C Mechanoreceptor
input
B. Limbic system:
emotional states
C. Cerebral cortex:
voluntary control
D. Cerebral motor
22. If the heart rate increases, which of the following would be a cortex: exercise
result?
A. ERP would increase while APD would decrease.
B. ERP would decrease while APD would increase.
C. Both ERP and APD would increase. Show answer
D. Both ERP and APD would decrease.
Correct Answer: A

Show answer

Correct Answer: D
 48. Which of the
following will NOT
increase the minute
ventilation?
A. An increase in
23. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning local circuit arterial pH.
flow in the heart? B. An increase in
A. It flows from regions with high membrane potential to arterial partial
regions with low potential. pressure of carbon
B. The cell with the more negative potential is called the current dioxide.
source, while the one with the more positive potential is called C. Increase in
the current sink. alveolar pressure of
C. The circuit flows from the current source to the current sink. carbon dioxide.
D. The circuit flows from the active cell to the resting cells in its D. Exercise.
vicinity. E. Hypoxia.

Show answer Show answer

Correct Answer: B Correct Answer: A

24. Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting local circuit 49. Which of the
current in the heart? following is the
A. Ri primary regulating
B. Rmyo variable of the
C. Ro central
D. Cm chemoreceptors?
E. Rk A. PaO2.
B. PaCO2
C. arterial pH
D. Input from
Show answer stretch receptors.

Correct Answer: E

Show answer

Correct Answer: B

25. Which of the following will increase the length constant

involved in the local circuit current flow of the heart?
A. Increase in membrane resistance.
B. Increase in extracellular resistance.
C. Increase in intracellular resistance. 50. In which
D. None of the above. situation would the
response to hypoxia
be limited?
A. In a patient with
Show answer obstructed airways.
B. When hypoxia is
Correct Answer: A accompanied by
hypercapnea.
C. In the hypoxia
induced by high
altitude.
D. During
hypoventilation.
26. Which of the following is FALSE concerning the safety factor
in the heart?
A. It is how much the depolarizing local circuit current exceeds
what is required to elicit a propagated action potential. Show answer
B. It depends on the characteristics of the current source and
current sink. Correct Answer: C
C. It is higher in cells activated by I Na
D. It is higher in cells activated by I Ca

Show answer
51. Which of the
Correct Answer: D following is FALSE
concerning
chemoreceptor
input to the
respiratory centers?
A. CSF is a poor
buffer and a drop in
27. Which of the following would result in an increase in PCO2 produces a
conduction velocity of an impulse through the heart? large change in pH
A. Increase Cm initiating a change
B. Decrease cell diameter in respiration.
C. Increase the threshold voltage (i.e. make it less negative) B. The body can
D. Decrease the extracellular resistance. adjust to chronic
hypercapnea by
using an active
HCO3- transport
Show answer process in the
choroid plexus.
Correct Answer: D C. The carotid and
aortic bodies detect
increases in PaCO2
and pH, and
decreases in PaO2 .
D. 75% of
ventilatory
28. Which of the following will decrease the Vmax and sodium response is
current in a myocardial cell? regulated by
A. A premature heart beat. chemoreceptors in
B. Late membrane depolarization. the CSF and 25% by
C. Low extracellular potassium levels. the carotid and
D. More than normal activated Na channels. aortic bodies.
E. Central
chemoreceptors
tend to respond
Show answer slowly over time,
while carotid bodies
Correct Answer: A react quickly to
immediate needs.

Show answer

29. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the slow Correct Answer: C
conduction found in the SA and AV nodes?
A. Low AP height.
B. Small cell size.
C. High Vmax.
D. Few nexal connection between cells.

52. Which of the

following pairs is
Show answer NOT a pulmonary
mechanoreceptor
Correct Answer: C paired to a possible
stimulus?
A. Stretch receptor:
inflation
B. Irritant receptor:
inhaled dust
C. Juxtacapillary
30. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning gap receptors:
junctions? decreases
A. They are composed of junctional channels which have two interstitial fluid
connexons each. volume in alveolar
B. Connexin protein subunits are arranged around a central walls.
pore to compose each connexon. D. Bronchial C
C. Gap junctions are more abundant in the atria and ventricles receptors: large
than they are in the SA and AV nodes. inflations.
D. Increases in cytosolic Ca and H will increase gap junction
channel conductance.

Show answer

Show answer Correct Answer: C

Correct Answer: D

31. In which of the following do EADs occur more frequently

because of their long action potential duration?
A. Atrial fibers.
B. SA node
C. AV node
D. Purkinje fibers.

Show answer

Correct Answer: D

32. Which of the following is NOT true concerning the

differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle?
A. The heart has a relatively large T-tubule volume.
B. The heart has a larger more developed sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
C. The heart relies more on extracellular Ca stores than skeletal
muscle.
D. With limited extracellular Ca, skeletal muscle can contract for
close to an hour, while heart muscle can only contract for a few
seconds.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B

33. Which of the following is NOT a method of Ca removal

following contraction of heart muscle?
A. Na-Ca exchange transports Ca out of the cell.
B. ATP-dependent sarcolemmal Ca pumps remove Ca from the
cell.
C. Ca passively diffuses out of the cell.
D. ATP-dependent SR Ca pumps move Ca from the cytoplasm
into the SR.

Show answer

Correct Answer: C

34. Which of the following agents helps to increase the Ca

storage capacity of the SR in the heart?
A. dihydropyridines
B. ryanodine
C. calsequestrin.
D. acetylcholine

Show answer

Correct Answer: C

35. Which of the following is FALSE concerning the regulation of

heart muscle performance?
A. Recruiting more numbers of motor units will increase the
strength of contraction.
B. Increases in end-diastolic volume will generate a larger stroke
volume during systole.
C. The amount and duration of Ca released from the SR can
alter contractility.
D. Positive inotropic agents will increase contractility.

Show answer

Correct Answer: A
36. Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT?
A. P wave: atrial depolarization
B. QRS complex: ventricular depolarization
C. T wave: ventricular repolarization
D. QT interval: Measure of duration of atrial action potential

Show answer

Correct Answer: D

37. Which of the following pairs in INCORRECT concerning the

Einthoven triangle?
A. Lead I: RA/LA
B. Lead II: RA/LL
C. Lead III: LA/LL
D. All of the pairs are correct.

Show answer

Correct Answer: D

38. Which of the following is NOT affected by the preload in the

heart muscle?
A. End systolic volume
B. End diastolic volume
C. Stroke Volume
D. Ejection fraction.
E. Cardiac output.

Show answer
Correct Answer: A

39. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning isotonic

contraction in the heart?
A. One occurs during the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle.
B. Is typically the first step in heart muscle contraction followed
by an isometric contraction.
C. It involves a change in muscle length against a constant load.
D. An increased afterload will slow the velocity of muscle
shortening.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B

40. Which of the following is NOT an effect of a positive

inotropic agent on the heart?
A. It increases stroke volume.
B. It increases the initial velocity of muscle shortening at all
loads.
C. It increases the rate of blood ejection from the heart.
D. It decreases the rate of rise in ventricular blood pressure
during systole.

Show answer

Correct Answer: D

41. Which of the following will require the smallest increase in

oxygen consumption by the heart?
A. Generating an increase in left ventricular pressure.
B. Severe hypertension.
C. Generating an increase in stroke volume.
D. Aortic stenosis.

Show answer

Correct Answer: C

42. Which of the following vessels has the largest effect on total
peripheral resistance?
A. Arteries.
B. Arterioles.
C. Veins.
D. Venules.
E. Capillaries.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B

43. If you decrease a blood vessel's radius in half, by what

fraction does the blood flow change?
A. 1/2
B. 1/4
C. 1/8
D. 1/16
E. 1/32

Show answer

Correct Answer: D
44. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning turbulent
blood flow?
A. The resistance to turbulent flow is greater than laminar flow.
B. Above a critical velocity, blood flow becomes turbulent.
C. Turbulence can create vibrations that can be detected as
murmurs.
D. Turbulence is found normally in the aorta and in narrowed
vessels.
E. Turbulent flow rate is proportional to the cube root of the
driving pressure.

Show answer

Correct Answer: E

45. Which of the following blood vessels has the greatest

compliance?
A. Arteries.
B. Veins.
C. Arterioles.
D. Capillaries.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B

46. Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT?

A. Nitric oxide (NO): vasodilator
B. Endothelin: vasoconstrictor
C. Nitric Oxide (NO): promotes cell growth
D. Endothelin: potent positive inotropic effect

Show answer
Correct Answer: C

47. Which of the following will NOT increase aortic systolic

blood pressure?
A. Decrease in arterial compliance
B. Decrease in aortic distensibility.
C. Increase in stroke volume.
D. Decrease in ejection velocity.

Show answer

Correct Answer: D

48. Which of the following is a correct formula for the mean

arterial blood pressure?
A. MAP = CO X SV
B. MAP = CO X HR
C. MAP = SV X HR X TPR
D. MAP = HR X TPR

Show answer

Correct Answer: C

49. Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT concerning

arteriolar tone?
A. Myogenic control: vascular smooth muscle responds to
changes in pressure.
B. Metabolic control: accumulation of waste products
stimulates vasoconstriction.
C. Neural control: vasoconstriction activated by sympathetic
nerves.
D. Hormonal control: catecholamines affect the adrenergic
receptors of the vascular smooth muscle.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B

50. Which pair is INCORRECT concerning the microcirculation at

the capillary level?
A. Tight junctions: brain
B. Gaps large enough to exchange plasma proteins: kidneys
C. Intercellular junctions / pores: exchange of water and lipid-
insoluble substances.
D. Pinocytosis: cytoplasmic vesicles exchanging fluid and
solutes.
E. Intracellular fenestrations: exchange of large molecules.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B

51. If a patient is suffering from swollen hands, feet, and face,

all of the following could be a cause, except?
A. Large decrease in arterial blood pressure.
B. Lymphatic blockage.
C. A decrease in plasma proteins.
D. Increase in capillary permeability to proteins.
E. Vasodilation.

Show answer

Correct Answer: A
52. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism to promote
venous return and reduce blood pooling?
A. One way venous valves.
B. Parasympathetic stimulation.
C. Skeletal muscle pump.
D. Thoraco-abdominal pump
E. Pumping of the heart.

Show answer

Correct Answer: B

53. Which of the following in INCORRECT concerning a patient

with ventricular tachycardia?
A. It occurs when the heart rate drops to dangerously low
levels.
B. Cardiac output can falls to dangerous levels.
C. Arterial blood pressure falls to dangerous levels.
D. It involves impaired ventricular filling.

Show answer

Correct Answer: A

54. Which of the following would NOT occur following a major

blood loss?
A. Vagal tone to the SA node would be decreased which would
then increase the heart rate.
B. An increase in sympathetic output in arterioles would
increase the total peripheral resistance, except in the brain and
heart.
C. Sympathetic output to the atria and ventricles would increase
resulting in an increase in stroke volume.
D. Sympathetic output to the veins would increase, resulting in
 increased venous pressure, venous return, and cardiac output.
E. Stroke volume would increase while heart rate decreased.
Together this would increase the cardiac output.

Show answer

Correct Answer: E

1) Which of the following has pH between 6 – 7 and a daily

secretion volume of 100ml a day

a) Saliva
b) Bile
c) Gastric juices
d) Pancreatic juice
e) Intestinal juice

2) Which of the following is most important for pancreas to

neutralizing chime?

a) Secretin
b) Acetyl choline
c) CCK
d) Amylase
e) Neuropeptide Y

3) Ring like contractions, with regular intervals disappear to be

replaced by another such contraction

a) Migrating Motor Complex

b) Segmentation contractions
c) Basic electrical rhythm
d) Retro propulsion
e) Pendulous movement

4) Which of the following is considered the most powerful

stimulation for the production of electrolyte - rich pancreatic juice

a) Secretin
b) Gastrin
c) VIP
d) CCK
e) GIP

5) What is exclusively absorbed in the ileum?

a) Glucose
b) Water
c) Folic acid
d) Bile salt
e) Alcohol

6) The pressure is least during swallowing in

a) Pharynx
b) Upper third of the esophagus
c) middle of the esophagus
d) lower of the esophagus
e) lower esophageal sphincter

7) Which of the following tract hormones is most directly

concerned with mortality of the small intestine?

a) Mortilin
b) CCK
c) Gastrin
d) VIP
e) Secretine

8) Maximum secretion of CCK is by the

a) Antrum of stomach
b) Duodenum
c) Jejunum
d) Ileum
e) Colon

9) Which of the following increases maximally in pancreatic juice

following the intravenous administrator of secretin?

a) Na+
b) HCO3
c) Cl-
d) K+
e) Amylase

10. Maximum endogeneous secretion of water in the body

a) Salivary gland
b) Stomach
c) Liver
d) Small intestine
e) Colon
- See more at:
http://www.physiologyexam.com/2012/10/gastrointestinal-
physiology-mcqs.html#sthash.AOYSeSLO.dpuf

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CNS Physiology MCQs With Answers

October 14, 2017 by Lecturer 1 Leave a Comment

Download Physiology MCQ Android and Desktop App for Nigerian Medical School

1. The inhibitory transmitter in the CNS is:

a. Taurine
b. Acetylcholine
c. GABA
d. Aspartate
e. Glutamate
Ans. C

2. Intention tremor may occur due to damage to the:

a. Red nucleus
b. Cerebellum
c. Motor cortex
d. Caudate nucleus
Correct answer: (b) Cerebellum

3. In the CNS, myelin sheath is formed by:

a. Schwann cells
b. Astrocytes
c. Oligodendrocytes
d. Microglia
e. Ependymal cells
Ans. C Oligodendrocytes

4. In normal adults, volume of CSF is approximately

a. 250 mL
b. 200 mL
c. 150 mL
d. 100 mL
e. 50 mL
Correct answer: (c) In normal adults, the CSF volume is 125 to 150 mL

5. Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

a. Glutamate
b. Acetylcholine
c. Norepinephrine
d. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
e. Aspartate
Correct answer: D. GABA

6. Cerebrospinal fluid:
a. Is formed in the arachnoid granulations
b. Provides the brain with most of its nutrition
c. Protects the brain from injury when the head is moved
d. Has a lower pressure than that in the cerebral venous sinuses
e. Flow around the adult brain is around half a liter per day
ANS
A. False
B. False
C. True
D. False
E. True

7. The ascending reticular formation

a. When stimulated tends to increase alertness.
b. Transmits impulses to higher centers via a multi-synaptic pathway
c. Is activated by collateral branches of sensory neurons
d. Neurons project to most parts of the cerebral cortex.
e. Increases its activity during deep sleep
REVISION NOTES:
A. True
B. True
C. True
D. True
E. False

8. The cerebellum
a. Modifies the discharge of spinal motor neurons
b. Is essential for finely coordinated movements
c. Has an afferent input from the motor cortex
d. Has an afferent input from muscle proprioceptors
e. Has an afferent input from the vestibular system
ANS
A. True
B. True
C. True
D. True
E. True

9. The blood–brain barrier

A. Slows equilibration of solutes between blood and brain tissue fluids
B. Is a more effective barrier for fat-soluble substances than water-soluble substances
C. Is a more effective barrier in infants than in adults
D. Is a more effective barrier for CO2 than for O2
D. Permits hydrogen ions to pass freely.
ANS
A. True
B. False
C. False
D. False
E. False

10. In the spinal cord

A. Pain impulse traffic may be modulated in the posterior horn.
B. Autonomic motor neurons arise in the lateral horn.
C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid may act as an excitatory neurotransmitter.
D. Reflex centers are normally inhibited by descending impulses from supra-spinal centers.
E. Post-synaptic excitation may be mediated by amino acid derivatives acting as
neurotransmitters.
ANS
A. True
B. True
C. False
D. False
E. True

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