Unit assessment

Biology
Wednesday 6 Oct 2021
DP 1/ SL + HL
80 minutes
Paper 1 & 2

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The image of a Paramecium refers to question 1 and question 2.

1. Which function is accomplished by structures X and Y in the Paramecium?

2. What evidence from the image of Paramecium indicates whether the organism is a
prokaryote or a eukaryote?
A. Compartments in the cell indicate that it is a eukaryote.
B. No nucleus indicates that the cell is a prokaryote.
C. Lack of a cell wall indicates that the cell is a eukaryote.
D. It is a unicellular organism, so it must be a prokaryote.

3. When during the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

4. The salt concentration inside an animal cell is 1.8%. The salt concentration in the
surrounding medium becomes 5%. What will be the likely response?
A. The cell will gain water from the medium.
B. The cell will lose salt to the medium.
C. The cell will remain unchanged.
D. The cell will shrink from loss of water.
5. In the diagram, which structure is an intrinsic or integral protein?

6. What feature of both striated muscle and aseptate fungal hyphae is different from typical
cell structure?
A. They have multiple nuclei within a structural unit.
B. They have a cell wall that is not made of cellulose.
C. They have plasmids.
D. They have an absence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.

7. Which organelle provides evidence that eukaryotic cells originated when large
prokaryotes engulfed small free-living prokaryotes?
A. Chloroplast
B. Nucleoid
C. 80S ribosome
D. Vacuole

8. If cells of a multicellular organism have the same genes, how can there be many different
cell types in a body?
A. Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type.
B. Cells lose some genes as development occurs.
C. Genes do not determine the structure of a cell.
D. Cells must practice division of labour in order to survive.
9. The concentrations of cyclins rise and fall in cells at certain times.

What times are these?

A. Day and night
B. Seasons of the year
C. Stages of mitosis and interphase
D. Developmental stages in the life cycle

10. Where could genes be located in a prokaryotic cell?

11. How does mitosis produce two genetically identical nuclei?

A. By separation of homologous chromosomes
B. By separation of organelles and cell wall
C. By division of the cytoplasm into two equal cells
D. By division of the nuclear membrane into two equal parts
12. Which process(es) occur(s) by osmosis?
I. Uptake of water by cells in the wall of the intestine
II. Loss of water from a plant cell in a hypertonic environment
III. water absorption by plant root hairs

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

13. The table shows the number of cells in various stages of the cell cycle in four samples of
ovarian tissue from different patients. Which tissue sample A, B, C or D has the highest
mitotic index? Using the following formula

14. Which statement provides evidence for endosymbiosis?

A. Early prokaryotes contributed to a large increase in oxygen in the atmosphere.
B. Eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA.
C. Certain groups of ancient prokaryotes developed mechanisms to carry out aerobic
respiration.
D. Experiments by Miller and Urey produced simple organic molecules in abiotic conditions.
15. The diagram shows a section through a membrane. What are the modes of transport in
the diagram?

16. How many chromosomes are there in a cell during anaphase of mitosis, if the diploid
number of the cell is 20?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 40
D. 80

17. In mammals, mature red blood cells are specialized in that they lack nuclei, mitochondria
or ribosomes. Which statement applies to red blood cells?
A. No chemical reactions take place within their cytoplasm.
B. They cannot produce new enzymes.
C. Materials cannot enter red blood cells.
D. Materials cannot exit red blood cells.

18. What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?

A. Both are found in the cells of Filicinophyta.
B. Both contain grana.
C. Both occur in all eukaryotic cells.
D. Both are found in a Paramecium.
19. The Davson–Danielli model of membrane structure proposed that membranes were
composed of a phospholipid bilayer that lies between two layers of globular proteins, as
shown in this diagram.

What evidence supported this model?

A. An electron micrograph that showed two dark lines with a lighter band in between
B. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy
C. Evidence that all membranes are identical
D. The hydrophobic regions of protein would be in contact with water

20. A human organ is being prepared for transplant. In what type of solution must it be
bathed?
A. A hypertonic solution
B. A hypotonic solution
C. Pure water containing no solutes
D. A solution with the same osmolarity as the organ tissue

21. Which living structure is an exception to the cell theory?

A. Striated muscle fibres
B. A single-celled alga carrying out all of the functions of life
C. The artificial synthesis of the organic molecule urea
D. A multicellular organism with cells undertaking specialized roles
22. Which statement applies to cholesterol?
A. It is hydrophobic and found on the outside of the phospholipid bilayer.
B. It is hydrophilic and found inside the phospholipid bilayer.
C. It impacts membrane fluidity.
D. It is transported in association with glucose in the blood.

23. Which organelles distinguish plant cells from animal cells?

A. Cytoplasm
B. Ribosomes
C. Mitochondria
D. Centrioles

24. Which organelle is found in both eukaryote and prokaryote cells?

A. Golgi Apparatus
B. Plasma Membrane
C. Centriole
D. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER)

25. Which is the correct description of the two organelles?

26. Which statement best describes Active Transport
A. Movement of a substance through a cell membrane against the concentration gradient
which requires energy.
B. Some substances pass through the membrane but not others.
C. A protein that uses ATP to transport ions against the concentration gradient
D. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration.

27. An integral protein is best described as….

A. A protein attached to the surface of a membrane
B. A protein embedded in the lipid bilayer of a membrane
C. A specific shape of a protein in a membrane
D. Passive transport of polar molecules across a membrane by protein channels

28. Facilitated Diffusion is best described as ..

A. Passive transport of ions or polar molecules across a membrane by protein channels
B. The fact that some substances pass through the membrane but not others.
C. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
D. A protein embedded in the lipid bilayer of a membrane. e.g. protein channels, or pumps.

29. Which of the following is an advantageous characteristic of multicellular organisms which

single celled eukaryotic organisms don’t have?

A. They can use oncogenes.

B. They have specialised cells.
C. They have membrane bound organelles.
D. They can divide by mitosis.

30. Pasteur used specially made swan-neck flasks to falsify the theory of spontaneous
generation. The sterile broth in the flasks did not ferment. What hypothesis did his
experiment provide supporting evidence for?

A. That all living things are made of cells.

B. That air only contains prokaryotes.
C. That sterile broth contains dead cells.
D. That cells only come from pre-existing cells.
31. Acetabularia algae are said to be an exception to cell theory. Which of the explanations
below correctly justifies this claim?

A.They have cells without nuclei

B.Although large in size their body is not divided into cells
C.The cells don’t contain membrane bound organelles
D.The cells have an unusual surface area to volume ratio.

32. The diagram below illustrates a cell surrounded by a solution of salt.What do the arrows
represent and are their pointing in the right direction?

A. Yes they correctly show the movement of salt molecules by diffusion

B. No the arrows should point inwards showing movement of salt molecules
C. Yes, they correctly show the movement of water by osmosis
D. No, the arrows should point inwards to show movement of water by osmosis.

33. Which process(es) in a cell’s metabolism can be affected by oncogenes?

I.Mitosis.
II.Anaerobic respiration.
III.Nerve impulses
IV.Protein synthesis

A. All of the above

B. II and IV only
C. III only
D. I only
34. All of the following factors can lead to the development of tumors EXCEPT
A. Oncogenes activation
B. mutagens
C. carcinogens
D. crossing over

35. in animal cells, cytokinesis begins with the inward curving of cell membrane to make

A. cell plate
B. spindle fibers
C. cleavage furrow
D. centrosomes

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Paper 2

1. Compare the structure of a prokaryote cell with an eukaryote cell

Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell

1. Smaller in size 1. larger in size

2. No membrane bound organelles
3. NO true nucleus as it’s genetic material is
condensed in a part of cytoplasm
(nucleoid)
4. Their DNA is circular and they may have
extra DNA rings (plasmids)
5. No histones found with DNA
2. have membrane bound organelles
3. have true nucleus covered by nuclear
membrane
4. Their DNA is linear and larger in size
5. Histones can be found coiling the
DNA to support their structure and
the shape of chromosomes

2. Outline the processes of passive transport of substances through the plasma

membrane

Passive transport is basically the movement of molecules across a semipermeable membrane

along their conc. gradient (from higher to lower conc.) without using energy

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a semipermeable membrane against

their conc. gradient (from lower to higher conc.) it requires an input of energy (ATP)
 3. Outline the process used by the macrophage to engulf the bacteria.

Phagocytosis (endocytosis): through this process macrophages (a type of WBCs) can kill
infectious agents like bacteria by the help of digestive enzymes-containing lysosomes.

4. Mitosis produces two genetically identical cells, ie: each nucleus has exactly the same
genes. Explain how the S-phase of interphase and Anaphase each help to make this
happen.
During the S-phase of interphase a cell will begin to make an identical copy of its chromosomes
(DNA) through the process of DNA replication).
Moreover, during the anaphase the copied chromosomes will start to separate equally into the
two new cells (each newly formed cell will get a copy of each chromosome).

5. Outline the range of functions of proteins in cells.

In addition to all these functions many proteins act as enzymes and hormones. And
most proteins constitute a large structural part of cells, muscle cells in particular. Some
proteins like globin and albumin they can be found in RBCs and blood plasma
subsequently. Some proteins work as antibodies as they defend our body against
infections.