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530/1
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
March 2021
2 ½ hours
Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education

ST.BALIKUDDEMBE S.S.S-KISOGA

MICROSCOPY, CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Paper 1

2 hours 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS:
This paper consists of sections A, and B.
Answer all questions in both sections.
SECTION A: Write answers to this section in the boxes provided.
SECTION B: Write answers to this section in the spaces provided.
No additional sheets of paper should be inserted.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Section A: 1-40
Section B: 41
42
43
44
45
46
Total

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 SECTION A: (40 MARKS)

Write the letter corresponding to the correct answer in the

corresponding box. Each question in this section carries one mark.
1. The function of the nucleoli in a cell is to form

A. the nuclear membrane. B. ribosomes.

C. the spindle during nuclear division. D. centrioles.

2. Growth in size of a single cell is limited by the

A. cytoplasm. B. nucleus.

C. cell vacuole. D. cell membrane.

3. The actual diameter of a cell organelle, which measures 0.4mm at a

magnification of × 400, is

A. 0.01μm. B. 0.1μm. C. 1.0μm. D. 0.001μm.

4. Large steroid molecules diffuse quickly through cell surface membranes

suggesting that the membranes

A. consist of non-polar molecules. B. are semi-permeable.

C. are freely permeable. D. are made of polysaccharides.

5. The resolving power of a microscope is the

A. ability of the microscope to distinguish fine detail.

B. clarity of the image formed by the microscope.

C. number of times the image is magnified by the objective lens.

D. power of the microscope to focus very small objects.

6. Which one of the following functions is performed by the Golgi apparatus?

A. Synthesis of secretory substances B. Protein synthesis

C. Tissue respiration D. Intercellular digestion

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7. Which sequence shows some of the stages in the production and secretion of
an enzyme?

A. Golgi apparatus→ ribosome→ Rough endoplasmic reticulum→ mRNA.

B. mRNA→ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum→ golgi apparatus→ vesicle.

C. Ribosome→ rough endoplasmic reticulum→ vesicle →golgi body.

D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum →mRNA →vesicle→ ribosome.

8. What would be the effect to a cell if lysosomes were punctured?

A. Plasmolysis C. Haemolysis

B. Autolysis D. Crenation

9. The pattern of arrangement of flagella tubules is

A. 11 + 2 C. 9 + 2

B. 2 + 9 D. 9 + 11

10. Which one of the following cells has the most mitochondria?

A. Sperm cell C. Ovum

B. Neuron D. Muscle cell

11. Which one of the following lists shows the correct order starting from the
smallest and finishing with the largest?

A. Cells, organelles, organs, tissues, organ system

B. Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

C. Cells, organs, organ systems, tissues, organelles

D. Organ system, organs, organelles, tissues, cells

12. Primarily, plasma membranes are composed of;

A. Phospholipids and glycogen B. Phospholipids and proteins

C. Proteins and carbohydrates D. Proteins and glycogen

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13. The diagram shows the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane.

Part labelled A represents the

A. Lipid bi-layer B. Intrinsic proteins
C. Protein channel D. Hydrophobic head
14. Red blood cells have a diameter of 7000nm, pancreatic cells have a diameter
of 35µm. What is correct about the relative sizes of these cells?

A. The red blood cells are 5 times larger.

B. The red blood cells are 50 times larger.

C. The red blood cells are 50 times smaller.

D. The red blood cells are 5 times smaller.

15. What is responsible for the high resolution of the electron microscope?

A. High magnification.

B. Short wavelength of the electron beam.

C. Use of heavy metal stains.

D. Very thin slices.

16. The rupture of lysosomes in a cell would result into

A. prolific lysis of cells and tissues.

B. prolific replication of cells and tissues.

C. reduced lysis of cells.

D. reduced growth of organs.

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17. In animal cells, permeability of the plasma membrane to small polar biological
molecules is reduced by

A. Proteins. B. Phospholipids.

C. Glycolipids. D. Cholesterol.

18. A plant cells is magnified 2000 times and the length of one chloroplast is
16mm. What is the actual length of the chloroplast in the micrometers?

A. 16. B. 8. C. 1600. D. 32000

19. One of the roles of the glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of the
cell membrane is to

A. Increase the absorbing surface area.

B. Provide receptor site for recognition of stimuli.

C. Provide site for various reaction pathways.

D. Separate the contents of the cell from surrounding environment.

20. Which of the following organelles is prominent in the interstitial cells of the
testes, adrenal cortex and in the epithelial cells of intestines that carry out
lipid metabolism?

A. Golgi body. B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. D. Sarcoplasmic reticulum.

21. Which of these contains the highest proportion of single membrane bound
structures?

A. Ciliate epithelial cell. B. Goblet cell.

C. Red blood cell. D. Smooth muscle cell.

22. Both the cell surface membrane and membranes within the cells

A. allow intracellular transport.

B. are stabilized by glycoprotein.

C. have sites for enzyme attachment.

D. protect cells from contents of lysosomes.

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23. The fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane given by Singer and Nicolson
is applicable

A. only to the prokaryotic membrane.

B. only eukaryotic cell.

C. both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

D. only to organelle membrane.

24. Which of the following is responsible for destroying worn out organelles?

A. Lysosome. B. Ribosome.

C. Endoplasmic reticulum. D. Mitochondria.

25. Which one of the following organelles would be most abundant at sites where
some embryonic tissues are being discarded?

A. Mitochondria. B. Ribosomes.

C. Golgi apparatus. D. Lysosomes.

26. Which of the following provides a sticky character to the bacterial cell?

A. Cell wall. B. Nuclear membrane. C. Plasma membrane. D. Glycocalyx.

27. The function of the nucleoli in a cell is to form

A. the nuclear membrane. C. the spindle during cell division.

B. ribosomes. D. Centrioles.

28. Which of the following organelles would most likely be abundant in the tail of
a tadpole at a time of its reabsorption during metamorphosis?

A. Centrioles. B. Lysosomes. C. Golgi body. D. Endoplasmic reticulum.

29. The flagellum and skeletal muscle are structurally similar in that they both
have

A. microtubules. B. actin and myosin tubules.

C. a pattern of 9+2 microtubules D. light & dark bands.

30. Which of the following does not always form part if the bacterium cell?

A. Cell wall. B. Flagellum. C. Cytoplasm. D. Ribosomes.

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31. Which of the following organelles would be most active at sites where
substances move against diffusion gradient?

A. Ribosomes. B. Lysosomes. C. Mitochondria. D. Golgi bodies

32. Which of the following features would be prominent in mucus secreting

cells?

A. Large nucleus & dense matrix.

B. Numerous rough endoplasmic reticulum & golgi body.

C. Numerous mitochondria & lysosomes.

D. Dense matrix & smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

33. Which of the following cell organelles is associated with the final stage of
most cell secretion?

A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum,

C. Ribosome. D. Golgi apparatus.

34. Lysosomes are known as ‘suicidal bags’ because of their

A. catalytic activity. B. hydrolytic activity.

C. parasitic activity. D. presence of food vacuole.

35. What structural features of a membrane are major contribution to its

selective permeability?

A. Phospholipid bilayer.

B. Trans-membrane proteins.

C. Glycolipids on the outer surface of the membrane.

D. Peripheral membrane proteins on the inside of the membrane.

36. Which of the following is NOT the function of the plasma membrane?

A. Intercellular interactions.

B. Response to external stimuli

C. Energy transduction.

D. Assisting in chromosome segregation.

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37. Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of the
plasma membrane? Plasma membrane is composed of

A. two layers- one layer of phospholipids & one layer of protein.

B equal numbers of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates.

C. bilayers of proteins with associated lipids & carbohydrates.

D. bilayers of phospholipids with associated proteins & carbohydrates.

38. The location of glycolipids in the plasma membrane

A. is usually at the outer leaflet of plasma membrane.

B. is usually at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane.

C. is evenly distributed in both the inner & outer leaflets of the plasma
membrane.

D. cannot be predicted, it varies according to cell types.

39. The main role of carbohydrates in the cell membrane is

A. Adhesion. B. Recognition. C. Locomotion. D. Reception

40. A homogenized plant tissue, which when centrifuged is most likely to form a
sediment first rich in

A. nucleus & ribosome. B. endoplasmic reticulum & chloroplast.

C. nucleus & chloroplast. D. chloroplast & ribosome.

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 SECTION B: (60 MARKS)

Write answers in the spaces provide.

41. (a) Briefly describe the functions of a nucleus in an animal cell.(3marks)

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(b) The nucleus is highly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum: Draw
a diagram in the space below to illustrate this association (5marks)

(c) What is the significance of the association you have illustrated in the
diagram above? (2marks)

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42. The fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane is not totally a new model
but a mere modification of the Danielli-Davison model

(a) Explain how the two models differ from each other. (4marks)

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(b) Give two properties of the plasma membrane that make it a good
binding structure. (2marks)

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43. According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure, the unit
membrane is a dynamic structure composed of several components.

(a) Name the component(s) of the membrane (3 marks)

(i) Which is fluid in consistency:………………………………………………………………

(ii) That forms a mosaic:……………………………………………………………………………

(iii) That accounts for its specificity:……………………………………………………….

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 (b) State three functions of the cell membrane to the cell. (3 marks)

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(c) State the precise differences between prokaryotes and

eukaryotes in the following features: (4 marks)
FEATURE EUKARYOTES PROKARYOTES
Genetic material

Flagella

Respiration

Reproduction

44. (a) Give two functions of cell membranes. (2marks)

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 (b) (i) Give the principal constituents of cell membranes. (2marks)

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(ii) Draw a diagram to illustrate the arrangement of these

constituents in the fluid mosaic model of the membrane.
(6marks)

45. (a) The diagram represents a phospholipids molecule.

(i) Name the parts of the molecule A , B and C . (03 marks)

A…………………………………………B……………………………………..C………………………………………

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 (ii) Explain how the phospholipid molecules form a double layer in a
cell membrane. (05 marks)

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(b) Give two functions of the protein molecules in the cell membranes.
(02 marks)

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46. (a) Cells that secrete enzymes contain a lot of rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER) and a large Golgi apparatus.

(i) Describe how the RER is involved in the production of enzymes.

(2marks)
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 (ii) Describe how the Golgi apparatus is involved in the secretion of
enzymes. (2marks)
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(b) The following list gives a type of cell and a brief description of its
role. Suggest two organelles that might be numerous and/or well developed
in each of the cells. (6marks)

(i) A sperm cell swims a considerable distance carrying the male

chromosomes.
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(ii) One type of red blood cells engulfs and digests foreign
material.
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(iii) Liver cells manufacture proteins and lipids at a rapid rate.

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