Newton’s

First Law
SECTION 2​
 Learning Objectives
Understanding Newton’s 1st

Newton’s Law.

Inertia.

First Law Determining the Net External

Force.
Problem Analyzing
Problem Solving
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW 2
Relation between the motion of an object and the
net external force acting on an object.
An object on which no force is acting is not necessarily at rest; the object
could also be moving with constant velocity.
Take for example a block on 3 different surfaces, describe the motion of the
block:
Deep thick carpet: it will start moving and soon after removing the force
it will come to rest.
Smooth waxed floor : the block will slide much farther before coming to
rest.
Perfectly smooth floor: the block will slide forever in the absence of an
applied force.

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Newton’s First Law
It has been developed from the concept that Galielo first concluded.
And it states that :
An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion continues
in motion with constant velocity(that is constant speed in straight
line ) unless the object experiences a net external force.

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What is Inertia?
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist being moved or
to resist a change in speed or direction if moving.

In other word newton’s first law says that when the net
external force on an object is zero, the object’s acceleration
or the change in the object’s velocity is zero.

PRESENTATION TITLE 5
Net Force
Definition: The vector sum of all external forces acting on an object.

The car is moving in a constant velocity, no acceleration( acceleration

is zero) because the vector sum of forces is zero.

F forward + f resistance = 0
F gravity + F(ground on car)=0

PRESENTATION TITLE 6
 Mass is a measure of Inertia
FORCE

FORCE

PRESENTATION TITLE 7
Concluding the force rule.
Since mass and acceleration have opposite relation, and force
increases as mass increases then we can end up with the rule:
F = mass x acceleration or
F = m.a

PRESENTATION TITLE 8
 Determine the net external Force
Find the net force of the diagram below. Book Example P.125

1. analyze the free body diagram:

The object is sliding down under the effect of the net force Y axis
that is the vector sum of all forces acting on the object,
taking in consideration the x and the y directions.

We choose a coordinate system and apply it to

the free body diagram in which as many forces
as possible lie on the x and y axes.
X axis

PRESENTATION TITLE 9
 Determine the net external Force
Find the net force of the diagram below. Book Example P.125

1. Analyze the free body diagram:

The object is sliding down under the effect of the net force
that is the vector sum of all forces acting on the object,
taking in consideration the x and the y directions.

We choose a coordinate system and apply it to

the free body diagram in which as many forces
as possible lie on the x and y axes.
Notice that :
1. Fn points to the positive y direction
2. F(friction) points to the negative x direction.
3.Fg points in a different direction neither to the y
nor to the x, so it have to be resolved to x and y components.

PRESENTATION TITLE 10
 Determine the net external Force
Find the net force of the diagram below. Book Example P.125

2. Plan:
Find the x and the y components of the force Fg.
Fgx = Fg. cos𝜃
Fgy = Fg. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝜃𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑔
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 .

𝜃 = 180 − 90 − 35 = 55 degrees.
Thus :
Fgx = Fg•cos 𝜽 = 22 •cos55
Fg = 22•0.57 = 12 N
And Fgy = Fg•sin 𝜃
Fgy = 22•sin55 = 22•0.8 = 18 N

PRESENTATION TITLE 11
 Determine the net external Force
Find the net force of the diagram below. Book Example P.125

solve :
Find the net force in both the x and the y directions.
Σ sigma : mean the sum of

Fnet =Σ Fx + ΣFy
ΣFx = Fgx +Ff
= 13 N + - 11 N = 2 N in the + x direction.

ΣFy = Fn + -Fgy
ΣFy = 18 + -18 = 0 ( net force in the y direction is 0)

Then the net Force is 2 N in the positive x direction

PRESENTATION TITLE 12
Practice Finding the Net Force
P.126
A man is pulling on his dog with a force of 70.0 N directed at an angle of 30.0◦ to the
horizontal.
a. Find the x and the y components of his force.
Fstringx = 70.cos30 , cos30 = 0.87
Fx = 60.6 N
Fstringy = 70.sin30 , sin30 = 0.5
= 35 N
b. Write the Net Force as a vector in terms of the x and the y components.
There is only one force in the x directions. Fstringx
In the y direction , Fn + Fstringy in +y . Fg in –y . Then the net force is
Fnet =Σ Fx + Σfy → Fnet = 60.6x + 35y

DETERMINING NET FORCE 13

Vector Addition
Two add 2 vectors of forces use the formula:
Vector sum = 𝐹𝑥 2 + 𝐹𝑦 2 + 2 • 𝐹𝑥 • 𝐹𝑦 • 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

PRESENTATION TITLE 14
 Practice Finding the Net Force
P.126 /Q2
A gust of wind blows an apple from a tree. As the apple falls, the gravitational
force on the apple is 2.25 N downward, and the force of the wind on the apple is
1.05 N to the right. Find the magnitude and direction of the net force on the apple?
See the diagram, from the vector addition we can say
net force acting on the apple.
Vector sum = 𝐹𝑥 2 + 𝐹𝑦 2 + 2 ∗ 𝐹𝑥 ∗ 𝐹𝑦 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

F net = √ 2.252 + 1.052 + 2 ∗ 2.25 ∗ 1.05 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠90= 2.48 N

and, this resultant force makes an angle of

𝐹𝑥
tan−1 (𝐹𝑦) =
1.05
tan−1(2.25) = 25 ◦ with the vertical direction.

PRESENTATION TITLE 15
 EQUILLIBRIUM

The state where in which a net force on an object is zero. And the acceleration
is 0.
A car moving n constant velocity is in equilibrium and a car at rest is also in equilibrium because
the net force on both zero and it’s not causing the care to accelerate(increase or decrease it’s
speed)

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Thank you