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Forces are vectors and can be added by considering both direction and magnitude
2N 6N 4N
0N
No net
4N 4N force
6N
10 N
4N
6N
7N
3N
4N
Example
Addition of Vectors
X
800 N
300 N
Work out the answer!
Addition of Vectors
How large must force X on the car (Porsche 911) be such that the
resultant force on the car is ZERO?
X
800 N
300 N
Note:
No net force does not
mean there are no forces
acting on it but just that
they are balanced.
An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will
remain in constant speed in straight line in absence of net force
acting on it.
ground
Weight of ball
An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain
in motion at a constant speed in straight line in absence of net force
acting on it.
Constant
speed
Unbalanced forces
To change motion of an object (speed, direction etc), a
net force is needed.
F=ma
Example 1:
a=?
5 kg 20 N
Example 1:
A boy pushes a large box of mass 5 kg
with a force of 20 N.
What is the acceleration of the box?
a = 4 m/s2
Given F = 20 N, m = 5 kg
Since F = m a, 20 N
5 kg
20 N = (5 kg) a
a = 20 N / 5 kg
= 4 m/s2
Example 2:
u = 0 m/s, v = 20 m/s, t = 5 s
Forward thrust
m = 1000 kg
Example 2:
Given, m = 1000 kg
u = 0 m/s, v = 20 m/s, t = 5 s
a = (v – u) / t
= (20-0)/5
4000 N
= 4 m/s2
F=ma m = 1000 kg
F = 4000 N
Example 3:
F=ma
5 075 N = (725 kg) a
a = (5 075 N) / (725 kg)
a = 7 m/s2 (to right)
Inertia
Newton’s first law tells us that objects have in-built resistance to any
change in their motion.
A stationary object only starts to move when you apply a resultant
force.
A moving object keeps moving at a steady speed in a straight line.
To change the speed or direction, you need to apply another resultant
force.
The reluctance to change velocity is called inertia. The inertia of an
object depends on its mass. A bigger mass needs a bigger force to
overcome its inertia and change its motion.
Your personal experience:
1) What overcomes your inertia as the car accelerates?
2) What happens as you turn a corner?
3) What happens when the car decelerates?
1) What overcomes your inertia as the car accelerates?
You can feel the car seat pushing against your back to move you forward.
Weight is not the same as mass. Mass is a measure of how much stuff is
in an object. Weight is a force acting on that stuff.
You would weigh less on the Moon because the gravitational field
strength of the Moon is one-sixth of that of the Earth. But note that
your mass would stay the same.
Weight
w=mg
F=ma
Question:Scenario 1:
3N
5N 8N
1N
Scenario 2:
Object is stationary and forces act on it.
Forces acting on it cancel out each other,
the resultant force is then zero
(total horizontal force is zero, total vertical force is zero).
The object still remains stationary.
Question:
Scenario 3:
Object is moving at constant speed with no forces acting on
it.
W = weight
force exerted by vehicle on ground
R = Reaction Force
force exerted by ground on vehicle
Name the action-reaction forces:
string
Tension exerted by
string on pendulum
pendulum
Weight exerted by
pendulum on string
Friction
Quiz Questions
When you are walking forward,
Is there friction between sole of your shoes & surface of the
floor?
What is the direction of friction?
Quiz Questions
(i) Draw a force diagram to show the forces acting on the box.
Solution :
20 N
5N
or
20 N
5N
Question :
5N 20 N
5N 20 N
Resultant Force = F = 20 N + ( - 5 N)
= 15 N (to right)
Question 3:
5N 20 N
F = 20 N – 5 N = 15 N (to right)
m = 10 kg
Question :
The frictional force between a box of mass 4 kg and the floor is 15 N.
It is pushed across the floor with a constant force such that it
accelerates at 0.8 m/s².
a) What is the force applied to the box?
a = 0.8 m/s2
15 N 4 kg
Question :
The frictional force between a box of mass 4 kg and the floor is 15 N.
It is pushed across the floor with a constant force such that it
accelerates at 0.8 m/s².
a) What is the force applied to the box?
a = 0.8 m/s2
15 N 4 kg
The frictional force between a box of mass 4 kg and the floor is 15 N.
It is pushed across the floor with a constant force such that it
accelerates at 0.8 m/s².
b) The same force is applied to the box on a frictionless floor.
What is the new acceleration produced?
a = ? m/s2
4 kg
ON 18.2 N
Question :
The frictional force between a box of mass 4 kg and the floor is 15 N.
It is pushed across the floor with a constant force such that it
accelerates at 0.8 m/s².
b) The same force is applied to the box on a frictionless floor.
What is the new acceleration produced?
a=?
4 kg
ON 18.2 N
Resultant Force = ma
a = resultant force/ m
= 18.2 / 4
= 4.55 ms-2
Momentum
Do you want to get in the way of a charging elephant or a speeding
bullet?