ELEMENTS OF ARTS

1. LINES
- important element at the disposal of every artist.
- Have direction
● Repetition Lines - occurs when two or more lines are drawn within a corner
● Transitional Lines - Modify the sharpness of Vertical and Horizontal lines giving a
harmonizing effect
Two Classifications of Lines
a. Straight Line - the basic framework of many forms, but it lacks softness and flexibility.
i. Horizontal Lines - Found in reclining persons, in landscapes, calm bodies of water
and in the distant meeting of the earth and sky which is called horizon.
ii. Vertical Lines - denotes action; suggest poise, balance, force, aspiration, exaltation,
and dynamism.
iii. Diagonal Lines - Suggest action, life, and movement.
b. Curved Lines - Suggest grace, subtleness, direction, instability, movement, flexibility,
joyousness, and grace; restrained curved lines exemplified in the woman’s body and the
bamboo stem
i. Crooked or Jagged Lines - Express energy, violence, conflict, and struggle
1. Lines which follow or repeat one another
2. Lines which contrast with one another
3. Transitional lines which modify or soften the effect of others

2. COLORS
- most aesthetic appeal of all the elements of visual arts
- property of light
3 Dimensions of Color
1. Hue - dimension of color that gives its name
Primary hues – Blue, red, and yellow
Secondary hues – orange, green, and violet

Warm Hues - advancing colors because they have an effect of an advancing or coming
towards you
Cool Hues - suggest distance; They are calm, sober, restful, and inconspicuous
2. Intensity
- brightness or darkness
3. Value
- Chiaroscuro
- lightness or darkness of a color
- quality which depends on the amount of light and dark in color
TINTS – are values above the normal
SHADES – are values below the normal
2 Kinds of COLOR HARMONIES
● Related Color Harmonies - monochromatic harmony; Adjacent or Neighboring Harmony
 ● Contrasted Color Harmonies - complementary colors
3. TEXTURE
- deals more directly with the sense of touch.
- surface quality of a work of art
Varieties of Texture
● Physical Texture
● Visual texture
Examples: Smooth & Rough Texture

4. PERSPECTIVE
- Latin “Perspicere” means to see through,
- effect of distance upon the appearance of objects
2 Kinds
a. Linear Perspective - Is the representation of an appearance of distance by means of
converging lines
b. Aerial Perspective - Is the representation of relative distances of objects by gradations of
tone and color

5. SPACE
- distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece

6. FORM
- overall design of a work of art. It describes the texture or shape of an object
- Directs the movement of the eye
- Since form consist of size and volume, it signifies visual weight
- Includes height, width, and depth

Elements of design are the basic building blocks of artwork:

shapes, forms, colors, lines, textures, and space

LINE - a continuous point used to delineate an edge, or to lead the eye through a work of
art. Some lines are implied, meaning they are created by the edges of shapes, forms, or
color.

SHAPE/FORM - an area with clear boundaries; shapes are 2-dimensional, while forms are
3-dimensional
Organic- occur naturally
Geometric - human-made

Space - used to create a sense of depth, and is made up of 2 kinds of space:

 Positive space - the area of the objects in the artwork
Negative space - the area between the objects in the artwork
Depth is represented using:
Foreground(closest); Middle ground; Background(farthest)

Value - the range from light to dark in a piece of artwork; can provide a sense of depth

Texture - how a surface looks and feels; texture that can’t be felt by hand, some are implied
not felt such as photo

Color - what we see when light reflects off of an object

Properties:
Hue - the actual color(red, green)
Value - the lightness or darkness of color
Saturation - intensity of the color
Complementary colors - across the color wheel; when together make colors brighter or
more intense
Analogous colors - located next to each other, when used create a sense of harmony

PRINCIPLES OF ART AND DESIGN

The Creative Process:

Principles of Design
- Ways to combine the elements of art to make a more powerful composition
Balance - equality in weight or importance; sense of visual stability within a piece of art
(symmetrical or asymmetrical)
Emphasis - special attention or importance; are to which the eye os first drawn(focus/focal
point)
Rhythm - repetition of elements to create illusion of movement
Unity - the coherence of a work of art / all the parts of the piece are working together; use
one element
Harmony - similar and compatible elements of design to achieve a feeling of coherence;
different but compatible elements
Movement - viewer’s eye is led through the work of art
Variety - use of differences or contrasts(provide a visual discord)
Proportion - relationship between objects (golden section/divine proportion: 1:1.618)

Various Planes in Art: Plane Composition in Art

Visual Elements:
● Dot
● Line
● Texture
● Plane -a two-dimensional surface, length and width, and it has a position and a
direction in space
■ 2 Types:
○ Geometric - can transmit strong visual sensations of order and stability
○ Organic - give a visual sensation of more dynamism than geometric forms
Planes as supports: the surface we draw on is a support
Composition: act of combining parts or elements to form a whole

How Planes organize the Space:

2 Rules: The Rule of balance - dictates that the most important elements should be in the
center of the support and the least important ones should go evenly to the left or right of
the composition
The Rule of compensation - tells us that, in order to balance a composition, the
bigger an element is, the closer it should be to the center of an artwork.
● Colour

Vocabulary:
❖ Sketch - a simply or hastily executed drawing or painting, especially a preliminary
one, giving the essential features without the details.
 ❖ Abstract - pertaining to the formal aspect of art, emphasizing lines, colors,
generalized or geometrical forms, etc., especially with reference to their relationship
to one another.
❖ Collage- French:coller,to glue; is a work of formal art, made from an assemblage of
different forms, thus creating a new whole

APPRECIATION OF ORIENTAL AND EASTERN ART

HISTORY OF ORIENTAL & EASTERN ART

● Oriental Art is a major branch of Art classification

● Pieces includes:
○ Painting
○ Calligraphy
○ Graphic art
○ Sculpture
○ pottery
● Origins of oriental art include religion, politics, philosophy, culture and technology.

CHINESE ART
● Origin- “stone art”-10,000 BC- pottery and sculpture
● Early works were based on chinese settlers’ religious and supernatural beliefs
● Artworks depict people and landscapes
● Found as decorations for human burial sites
● Thin brush dipped in coloured ink
● Terracotta Army - protection for Emperor Qin Shi Huang

JAPANESE ART
● Dates back to around 10,000 BC
● Ink painting, pottery, and sculpture
● Bronze casting methods
● Picture scrolls
● Kamakura
● Japanese anime was born after world war 2

KOREAN ART
● Influenced by chinese art
● Buddhism played a key role
● Landscapes with nostalgic places
 ● Korean monochrome paintings grew popularity in 1970-80

Chinese art is biggest seller on international scene

PHILIPPINE ART
● Includes painting, dancing, weaving, sculpting, pottery,
● Painting was introduced by spaniards in 16th cen
● Paintings as religious propaganda
● Types of DANCE
○ Cordillera: Banga, Lumagen/Tachok
○ Muslim,
○ Tribal: Malakas at Maganda, Binaylan
○ Rural, Spanish style
● Traditional Filipino Dances:
○ Tiniking
○ Singkil
○ Binasuan
● WEAVING: fabrics, textiles, nipis
● SCULPTURING: carving of anitos to Christ
● POTTERY: Clay; ceramic jars, plates, cups, water vessels
● Tanaga: type of Filipino poetry
● Kutkut: art technique used between 15th & 18th cen; combi of european and oriental
style mastered by indigenous tribes of Samar island
PAST NOTABLE ARTISTS:
Juan Luna
Fernando Amorsolo
Augusto Arbizo
Felix Hidalgo
David Cortes Medalla
PRESENT DAY ARTISTS
Anita Magsaysay-Ho
Fred De Asis
Daniel Coquilla
Ang Kiukok
Mauro Malang Santos
Santiago Bose
Francisco Viri Rey Paz
Nunelucio Alvarado
MUSEUMS:
Bahay Tsinoy
Casa Manila
San Augustin Museum
National Museum of the Philippines
Malacanang Museum
Metropolitan mUseum
etc

CHINESE ART
- Landscape painting has highest form of chinese painting
- 3 concepts of arts: nature, heaven and humankind(Yin-Yang)
- Subjects and theme:
- Flowers and birds
- Landscapes
- Palaces and temples
- Human figures
- Animals
- Bamboos and stones
- Calligraphy - art of beautiful handwriting; uses paper and silk
- Types of roofs:
- Straight inclined - more economical
- Multi-inclined - roofs with two or more sections of incline; used for
residences of wealthy chinese
- Sweeping - has curves that rise at the corners of the roof; usually for temples
and palaces
- Peking opera face painting or Jingju Lianpu
- Lianpu-false mask
- Guan Ju - Red indicates devotion, courage, bravery, uprightness and loyalty
- Huang Pang - yellow signifies fierceness, ambition and cool-headedness
- Zhu Wen - Green tells not only the impulsiveness and violence, but also lack of
self-restrainment
- Zhang Fei - Black symbolizes roughness and fierceness; impartial or selfless
- Purple- uprightness and cool-headedness
- White - treachery, suspiciousness and craftiness; powerful villain
- Gold & silver - for gods and spirits
- Yuanbao
- Sycee - type of silver or gold ingot currency used in China
- Gold Sycee - symbolizes prosperity
- Jianzhi - first type of paper cutting design; Window Flower
 - Chinese Kite
- Centipede
- Hard-winged kites
- Soft-winged kites
- Flat kites
- Knot Tying - Zhongguo -

JAPANESE ART
- Japanese Painting
- Woodblock printing
- Ukiyo-e — pictures of the floating world
- Kabuki makeup/Kesho
- Standard makeup- to most actors
- Kumadori makeup - applied to villains and heroes
- Dark red - passion/anger
- Dark blue - depression/sadness
- Pink - youth
- Light green - calm
- Black - fear
- Purple - nobility
- Origami - paper folding
- Hanamusubi - Japanese Knot Tying

EVOLUTIONS OF ART

ART MOVEMENTS

Art movement - tendency or style in art with specific common philosophy or goal
- Form
- Theme
- Context

Neoclassical art
- Leonardo da vinci
- Michelangelo
Romanticism
- 18th & 19th century
- Liberalism & individualism
- Imagination over formal rules

Modernism
- 20th century
- Experimentation
-

Impressionism
- 19th century
- Depicts what they saw without involving emotions

Expressionism
- Subjective expression of inner experience

Surrealism

Dadaism
- Reason & logic

Futurism
- Technology, youth

MUSICAL GENRES
Soulmaking
- An alternate place to know oneself and to look at the depths and meaning of what we
are doing in our daily lives (Narciso, 2016)
- Has the origin from the Greek word poieo, meaning, to be the author or maker of
something; or poiesis, which means to bring something into concealment or to bring
something that did not exist before into being.
- It involves both the personal (deepest being) and the impersonal(intelligent forces)
- Transforms raw experience into an ever-deepening personality and a rich way of
living
- Form of creating stories or transforming short moments into an image or symbols
- Purpose is to awaken the artistic side of you
- Act of uniting with your primal self and skills development that provides a path to
discover techniques in art production
-

Role of Soulmaking in Art

Soulmaking is an activity of:
● Knowing oneself better
● Understanding life’s depth and essence
● Evaluating what oneself does
● Learning from everyday experience

When the soul is enriched, our deepest creative impulses are energized and set in motion.

Categories of Soulmaking
Crafting Images
- Representing personal perspectives with visions of images
- Act of imagining or presenting something in any medium, e.g. painting, sculpting,
drawing, storytelling, poetry, dancing, composing or taking notes
Crafting Stories
- Takes place when someone writes down his or her own personal feedback, life
values, deep feelings ideas, ideals, and even high and low emotions
Crafting Instruments
- An instrument creates sound which is said to be a bridge to the unknown.
Crafting Movements
- Life is movement, full of different rhythms, and full of flowing images accompanied
by narratives
Crafting Techniques
- Provides the artist’s reflection of his life and experiences in any price of art
5 Phases of Soulmaking

Seeking(Finding)
- Point of self-recognition and knowing that each of us is a seeker
Settling
- Communicating with the soul, with other human and nonhuman beings (and this
means the future of humans and nonhumans) and with the world
Surrendering
- Takes us up and throws us down; calls for the wounds we bear to be accepted; forces
us to spend time living in the darkness
Soulmaking
- Where we start growing up with some wisdom looking for the welfare of others
Soaring
- Conquering our worldly experiences of the material realities to travel, which does not
happen if we only want to fly

7 Da Vincian Principles
● Curiosity/Curiosita - insatiability curious approach to life and an unrelenting quest
for continuous learning
● Experiential -
● Sensory
● Transfiguration
● Balancing art & science
● Balancing mind & body
● Systems thinking
Appropriation of an Artistic Content
- Refers to the borrowing of images recognized from different sources and create a
new art form
- Not stealing, but improving an art form in order to create new content

3 Types of Cultural Appropriation

● Object Appropriation - concrete and tangible work of art owned by early people
● Content - adoption of intangible works,e.g. poetry, stories, musical compositions
○ Style - not replicate, but an act of using the elements in creating a new form
○ Motif - inspired only
● Subject - subject matter of culture is appropriated; also called voice appropriation

Improvisation
- Act of composing, uttering, executing or arranging without prior preparation
- E.g. rap battles, problem solving, impromptu speech, performing arts, theater