Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Slide Contents
I. What is Art? Its Purpose and Its Function
II. Fundamentals of Interpretation: Formal and
Contextual Analysis
III. Principles of Design: Style
Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa
Oil on poplar
c. 1503
Claude Monet
Impression, Sunrise
Oil on canvas
1872
Andy Warhol
Superman
Screen print
1961
What is Art?
• Art (art), n. 1. the quality, production, or
expression of what is beautiful, appealing,
or of more than ordinary significance
• Work of art = visual expression of an idea
• Medium = a particular material, along with
its accompanying technique (plural =
media)
Popular Media
• Paint media
– Acrylic, Enamel, Gesso, Glaze, Ink, Oil, Tempera,
Watercolor
– Used on: Canvas, Cloth, Glass, Metal, Paper, Wood
• Drawing media
– Chalk pastel, Charcoal, Colored pencil, Marker, Oil
pastel, Pen and ink
• Sculpture materials
– Beads, Clay, Found objects, Jewels, Marble, Metals,
Papier-mache, Plaster, Plastic, Sand, Stone, Textile,
Wax, Wire, Wood
Medium: Watercolor
Thomas Girtin
Jedburgh Abbey from the River. 1798-99. Watercolor on paper.
What is “History”?
• History (his-tuh-ree), n. 1. the branch of
knowledge dealing with past events. 2. a
continuous, systematic narrative of past events as
relating to a particular people, country, period,
person, etc., usually written as a chronological
account; chronicle: a history of France; a medical
history of the patient.
– economic realities
– historical events
– social dynamics
– religious and spiritual organizations
– technological advancements
Purposes and Functions of Art
• Communicating
information
– In non-literate societies,
art was used for
teaching
– Today, photography,
film & television are
used for disseminating
information
Purposes and Functions of Art
• Spiritual
Sustenance
– All of the
world’s major
religions have
used art to
inspire and
instruct the
faith
Purposes and Functions of Art
Standing Vishnu, 10th Century ce, India, Tamil Nadu, Tanjore region. Bronze, H. 33"
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Period Style
• Styles change over time
• Art changes because of economic & political
changes, new technology, religious insight
• Sometimes a desire for something new comes
along
Regional Style
• Geography also leads to diverse styles
• May be conscious decision or caused by a
mere lack of communication over distance
– Ex: variations in Maya architecture; Hindu
sculpture in India varies from North to South
India; and abstract paintings produced in
California differed from New York in the 1950s
Group Style
• Sometimes artist form alliances, exhibit
together and publicize their aims as a group to
promote a distinct style
• One of the best known group styles is
Impressionism
Personal Style
• Individual artists often have characteristic
modes of personal expression
Two Basic Forms of Style
• Representational • Abstract
– Seeks to create – Seeks to capture the
recognizable subject essence of a form, not
matter literal representation
Representational Styles
• Realism – the attempt to depict objects
accurately, objectively
• Naturalism – similar to Realism except often
implies a grim subject
• Illusionism – seeks to create a convincing
representation or illusion of reality
Realism
Naturalism
Illusionism
Abstract Styles
• Non-representational – does not produce
recognizable imagery
• Expressionism – Plays with subjectivity, artist’s
own ideas/feelings or viewer’s ideas/feelings
– Exaggerates to get the essence of a form
Non-Representational
Expressionism