UNIT 1

INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO

CONTEMPORARY ART

3
 What I Need To Know

For
the
Learners

The arts are described as means of expression that require

imagination and/or skill in making aesthetic objects or encounters that
can be shared with other people. These objects are experiences that may
exhibit what is in the imagination of the artist or creator. These may also
portray ideas and emotions. These may also be used to entertain or
persuade other people. These aesthetic objects and encounters create
beauty. The arts include visual arts, architecture, literature, music, dance,
theater, and cinema or film.

However, during the 1970’s up to the present, artists began

combining different art forms and media. An artists may now combine two
visual art forms, such as painting and sculpture. An artist may also
integrate two or more different art forms, such as sculpture and music.
Integrating two or more forms of performing arts is still common
nowadays, even though that performing arts are already integrated
before the 1970’s such as the case

Module Content

The term “visual arts” encompasses a wide range of forms created by

Filipinos. It ranges from Western-influenced visual art forms to works created by folk
and indigenous people. Traditionally, these visual art forms include painting,
sculpture, and architecture. However, there are other functional visual art forms in
the country that need to be appreciated as well. Some of these forms include
advertising art, basketry, metal craft, mat weaving, pottery, and textile weaving.

This part presents all visual art forms presented earlier in this introduction.
However, it should be emphasized that the aim for this part is not to make a clear
delineation of each visual art form. Bear in mind that tackling each art form can help
in understanding further the scope of the visual arts.

These are the competencies included in this module:

• Identifies various contemporary art forms and their practices from the various
regions (CAR11/12IAC-0a-1)

4
 • Classifies various art forms found in the Philippines (CAR11/12IAC-0b-2)

What Is It

In order to understand how to describe a painting or a sculpture, it is important to

comprehend first the visual elements of art. These visual elements of art are line,
color, shape, space, value, texture, time and motion.

Line

This refers to a prolongation of a point or a mark on a..

surface. Solid lines can be used in order to define form..
while broken lines are typically used to suggest hidden.
forms.
Shape and Mass

This element refers to an area with

boundaries.. identified.or drawing lines. A shape may be
natural or.. living.. forms called..an organic shape and can
be irregular. or.. rounded. It. may also be... measured
forms called.. geometric.shape. In. contrast to
shape., which..is.. two-dimensional, mass
refers to. solid portions of a.. three-
dimensional object.

Color

This refers to visual perception that allows a person to differentiate objects due to
the way various wavelengths of light are reflected. Color is a very important element
because it can communicate information and emotion to the viewer. These are the
three properties of color:

• Hue, which refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented in the
color wheel.

5
 • Value, which refers to the lightness and darkness of color. A light color or
tint is the result of adding white to a hue, while a dark color or shade
results from adding black to a hue.
• Saturation, which refers to brightness and dullness of color. It is also
referred to as purity of the color. A bright color can be produced by adding
more pigment to the same hue, while a dull color can be produced by
adding gray or the color’s complement to the pigment.

The color wheel is an arrangement of

primary,.. secondary and.tertiary colors.It is
important tool to... identify which colors.. can .work..
well if used in a.. certain.. artwork which is the
color.. schemes or color.. relationships.. These are
some of the color.. schemes:

Color Schemes

• Monochromatic – involves using the same hue but with different

gradients of value.
• Analogous – entails the use of three or four adjacent colors in the color
wheel.
• Complementary – involves the use of a color
and its complement
-meaning the color located opposite of the first color.
• Split-complementary – a close relative to the complementary color
scheme. But instead of using the color’s complement, this scheme uses
the two colors adjacent to the complement.
• Triadic – uses three colors that are of equal distance with each other.
• Tetradic – also known as double complementary color scheme, this uses
two pairs of complementary colors.
Texture

This element refers to the feel or appearance of a.. surface. A.. person.. may
describe as actual or implied.. Actual texture. can be..
felt.. tangibly based on the. material.that is used for.
the artwork while implied..texture. can be exhibited,
for. instance, in a painting of fur of an. animal.

Value

This element refers to lightness or darkness of an area. This is evident in

creating shadows for a two-dimensional object to give an illusion of depth.

Space

6
 Space refers to the area that is occupied by an object or a subject, as well as the
area surrounding that object or subject. An illusion of space can still be created in a
two-dimensional surface using perspective. There are two types of perspective:
atmospheric perspective, which utilizes the properties of light and air in depicting the
illusion of distance; and linear perspective, which involves the use of vanishing
points and receding hidden lines.

Time and Motion

Movement in the visual arts can either be an illusion or an actual motion. An

illusion of movement is more common in two-dimensional artworks. On the other
hand, actual motion is easily seen in kinetic sculpture that moves with the wind or
are vibrating with the surrounding air.

Painting refers to the process of applying color on a flat surface. Forms can be
created using a wide variety of materials such as watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil, pastel,
and charcoal. Surfaces for painting include wood, canvas, cardboard, and paper.
Painting is considered two-dimensional, meaning it only has height and width.
FORMS OF PAINTING:

7
Easel Painting

The
easel
painting is perhaps the most common. form.. of.painting
which involves applying color to a board… or .canvas…
that is.fixed on an upright support called an…. easel.
These are.... meant to.be framed and hanged on a….
wall.after creating them.

Murals

A mural is described as a huge wall-sized painting..

used.. to impart messages to the public. A new form of..
mural.. which is.. a portable mural, was developed in
order. to prevent.. the mural from being erased from the
wall.. which was.. created.by using.. bold strokes in
applying.. bright colors on.. pieces of cheesecloth\or
canvas.

Telon Painting

A telon is describes as a backdrop or background..

for.. the stage which are used for komedya, sarswela,
and.. sinakulo,.the popular forms of theater in the country.

Jeepney and Calesa Painting

The calesa is typically painted using one color. The.

borders of the calesa are decorated with geometric..
patterns,. repetitive patterns, and/or thin lines.

Jeepney painting evolved from calesa painting. In..

a.typical jeepney, a logo, number, or painting is covered..
near.. the driver’s seat, as well as near the seats
adjacent.. to it.

Collage

This refers to a form of painting that involves..

combine. images in a single artwork. This entails cutting..
and pasting.. materials such as paper, fabric, tin foil and..
other relatively flat.materials onto a board or canvas.
THEMES OF PAINTING:

8
Genre Painting

Genre painting portrays people in daily activities..

During.. the contemporary period, genre painting took..
several.. directions. One of these new approaches is folk..
genre, which.. mainly focuses on the everyday activities..
of .the folk. Another.. approach is using the style of
cubism. in depicting folk or.. urban.subjects. On the other
hand, folk-naive is another style.. wherein it uses a lot of..
color .and spontaneity.

Historical Painting

The historical painting depicts a scene from the past. It often has a lesson
concerning national values.

Interiors

This refers to painting of the space inside of a part of a house or a building. This
usually reveals the social class of the family living in that particular house, as well as
the traits of the people living in it.

Landscapes

These painting portrays natural scenery or urban scenes. Mixed media is now
used in creating landscape paintings. Closely related to landscapes are seascapes,
which focus on large bodies of water, particularly the ocean or the sea.

Portraits

This refers to a painting portraying one or more specific individuals. This usually
portrays the physical characteristics of the subject
and seeks to show an understanding of that person’s character.

Nudes

These are paintings that portray the unclothed human figure. Nowadays, a wide
variety of materials and styles can be used in painting nudes. Nude painting
sessions are conducted in galleries.
Religious Painting

Common subjects of religious painting includes a

lone.. religious image, lives of the saints, and scenes
based.. from..the.Scriptures like the Nativity scene, and
the.. Station.of the.. Cross.

9
Still Life

This
refers to a
painting that depicts natural or man-made objects that form a composition in a
natural setting. A lot of styles can be used by artists in painting, ranging from
Baroque and Rococo, to impressionism, expressionism, and abstract. Neo-realism
involves creating representational figures that also look abstract; hyperrealism or
magic realism, the subject is painted in a highly realistic way that it resembles a
photograph and social realism entails creating paintings that depicts socioeconomic
and political problems.

What Is It

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is
one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving and
modelling; in stones, metals, ceramics, woods and other materials but, since
Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.
In contrast to painting, sculpture has three dimensions – height, width, and depth. It
is created by either carving, modelling, or assembling parts together.
GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE:

Free-standing

This is a kind of sculpture that can independently..

stand..in. space. It has a flat horizontal base. All its.. sides
.contribute. to.. the overall form of the sculpture.

10
Relief

This kind of sculpture does not have a flat horizontal..

base..The form is projected from a flat surface. There are..
two. types of relief – low relief or bas-relief which is slightly.
from. the flat surface; and high relief. Cagayan de Oro’s..
Legendary. River Monster is an example of relief sculpture.

Assemblage

This sculpture is formed by putting together materials.

such as found objects, pieces of paper, sponges, wood.
scraps, and other materials. A good example of this is.
Lamberto Hechanova’s Man and Woman.

Kinetic Sculpture

This is considered as a sculpture in motion because..

the entire sculpture or some parts of the sculpture are..
moving with.. the wind or are vibrating with the..
surrounding air.

Welded Sculptures

Creating these sculptures involve the process of..

connecting sheets of metal together by using an
acetylene. or. electric torch.

Use of Glass

A kind of sculpture where the medium of expression..

used. by the artist is glass.
Symbolic Sculpture

It is a kind of sculpture in which an abstract idea is

represented by means of allegory and personification.

OTHER FORMS OF VISUAL ART:

Aside from painting and sculpture, other visual forms can be seen in every
region in the country. Some of them are even used by people on a regular basis.
The following are some of the visual arts used by various companies and offices:

Advertising Art

11
 This refers to using paid space or time in any of the.. media.to inform and
influence the public. This is used to.. encourage the public to patronage certain
goods
and.. services,.or to support policies or persons.

Bamboo Art

This refers to works made of bamboo that may be. used... for.everyday
purposes, for decorations or.. ornaments.

Basketry

This refers to the art of creating containers by.. weaving, plaiting, or braiding
materials into hollow.. three-dimensional.. shapes that can either be used for..
carrying, storage and. trapping animals.

Book Design

Book design involves structuring and reproduction of bound pages that are filled
with text and / or images, and are protected by hard or soft covers.

Costumes

These are garments, hairstyles, and accessories that are worn by individual
members in a particular society.
Embroidery

This refers to the art of stitching ornaments on cloth.

by.hand.

Food Art

This involves packaging and / or presentation of food..

in.. an.artistic way. Food art involves enhancing the food..
itself or.. its packaging in an artistic way.

Furniture

These are decorative and functional objects which are typically found in a public
or private dwelling or building. These are also known as muebles or kasangkapan.

Komiks and Editorial Cartoon

12
 Both komiks and editorial cartoon involve illustrations of stories or events.
However, an editorial cartoon is a single-frame illustration that may either makes fun
of political leaders or institutions, or comments on current events. The komiks, on the
other hand, may use single or multiple frames with conversations of people or
animals placed inside “balloons”.

Leaf Art

Leaf art is used in religious rituals, food wrapping,

and.. even as a form of modern artistic expression. This
makes.. leaf.. art different from basketry.

Mat Weaving

This refers to the art of “plaiting strips of organic fibers into mats”. These mats,
locally known as banig, are cool, light, and portable compared to fixed beds.

Metalcraft

This includes all objects made from metal using the processes of brass casting
and blacksmithing, tinsmithing, or goldsmithing and silversmithing.

• Brass casting and blacksmithing

This process involves casting and forging pieces of brass or
bronze. Anting-anting or amulets are also created using this
process.
• Goldsmithing and silversmithing
These processes involves the use of gold and silver in creating
objects and ornaments.
• Tinsmithing
Tinsmithing can be easily seen in creating jeepneys, kalesas,
and cariton or ice cream cart.

Multimedia

This consist of works that involves the use of other senses in appreciating those
works aside from the sense of vision.

• Conceptual Art
In this type of multimedia, a visual artist “ideates or sets up a
situation, placing philosophical value in the process itself while
negating the importance of craftsmanship in arriving at a finished art
object.
• Installation Art

13
 In this type of multimedia, the artist puts together materials and
objects in an exhibition space to cast a new experience or idea.
•
Performance Art
In this type of multimedia, an artist converts himself or herself
into an art object in motion and sound.

Paper Art

This involves the processes of cutting, pasting,.

recycling, and / or constructing of objects from paper..
Paper art used to. be limited with folk paper art such as..
taka and higante from. Angono, parol, pastillas,
wrappings,. and kites.

Personal Ornaments

These are objects that are worn on the human body. Jewelry falls under this
form. These are worn either to enhance a part of the body of the wearer, to exhibit
rank or status, or to symbolize ritualistic and emotional states.

Photography

This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive chemical

plate or film. Photographs are taken to serve as portraits and as propaganda which
is highly useful medium for an artist.
Pottery

Pottery is a general term for decorative and useful..

objects.made from clay and set off at high temperatures..
This.. is frequently interchanged with “ceramics”.
However,. it is. important to note that application of
ceramics is wider.. and. even includes industrial use.

• Earthenware or Terracotta
This type of pottery is made from clay and is usually fired at
1,700-2,100 ᵒF.  Stoneware
This type of pottery is made from clay and feldspar.
• Porcelain
This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay
that is extra fine, white and feldspar.

14
Printmaking

This refers to transferring images from a firm surface, such as metal or wood , to
a pliable surface, such as cloth or paper, using pressure. This is different from
production because printmaking involves making the plate either by hand (of the
artist) or mixed with mechanical means.

Tattoo Art

This refers to a body adornment

permanently.. engraved..on the skin using a sharp
instrument and plant.. dyes or inks.

Textile Weaving

This refers to the process of creating cloth by...

interweaving a series of parallel vertical threads with…
another. series of horizontal threads at right angles.

What Is It

Architecture is considered to be one of the most functional branches of the visual

arts. We can freely see architecture in our surroundings because architecture
involves designing the form of a building while allowing the building to serve its
function. It is considered to be the “art to inhabit.”

Throughout Philippines history, both foreign and Filipino architects introduce

innovations when it comes to creating buildings and large structures. Even though
the design of buildings and homes are still Western-inspired, architects started to
appreciate Filipino social traditions and cultural values. In fact, local materials were
used by architects like Francisco Mañosa, a Filipino architect considered as one of
the most influential Filipino architects of the 20th century, in designing homes and

15
buildings. In addition to that, they sought ways to express these traditions and values
in architecture.
FORMS
OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE:

Domestic Buildings and Houses

Apartment

This refers to a building composed of many residences called units. This is

usually built in populated urban areas. Nowadays, in order to maximize the use of
space and because of the increased buying power of the population, condominiums
were developed. These condominiums are larger offshoots of apartments.

Bahay na Bato

The bahay na bato is considered to be a residence

of... the.. wealthy. A typical two-storey bahay na bato..
generally .has a. ground floor that is made of brick or...
stone,.and has a wooden.. upper level. The windows and..
the level have grilles, while the. windows at the upper..
level .have sliding shutters. The roof of.. a.typical bahay..
na..bato slants on four sides.

Barong-barong

The barong-barong are houses of the landless poor that are built on any land or
area. These are usually found near the esteros, riverbanks, and bayshores; spaces
along high walls, railroad tracks; spaces near abandoned buildings, and garbage
dumps; or any vacant lot. Some of these barong-barong are built under bridges.

Bungalow

This refers to one-story house with a wide front porch and large windows. It may
also have a terrace, which may be roofed or not.

Ethnic Houses

Bahay Kubo

The bahay kubo is considered as an ethnic house of..

Christian peasant families living in the lowland areas..
This.. is.. typically owned by families belonging in low.
income.. groups.

16
Houseboat

The houseboat is basically a boat that also serves as dwelling. The Badjaos or
Sama Laut typically reside in houseboats.

One-and-a-Half Story House

The one-and-a-half story is characterized by an upper level or story covering just

a half of the lower level. This may also become a split-level house if half of the
ground level is higher in such a way that it is halfway between the ground level and
the upper level.

Split-level House

The split-level house in the Philippines has two main levels. The lower level
houses has the kitchen, living and dining areas, while the upper level has the
bedrooms. These levels are separated by about half or less-than-half a story.

Tsalet

The Philippine tsalet refers to a suburban house that has one story, a two-story
house with living quarters on the upper level, or an elevated one-story house. The
term tsalet came from the term “chalet” which refers to a peasant house in
Switzerland that has upper levels jutting over the lower levels, a steep roof and a
decorated gable.

Commercial Buildings

Market (Palengke)

This refers to a place or building for buying and

selling.. goods. This is also referred to as tindahan, and
tiyangge.. Nowadays, the palengke has
evolved into the.. supermarket,.which puts the wet
market and the grocery.. together in the. same complex.
The mall, or galleria,. is .considered a more. recent
evolved form of the palengke.

Buildings that house banks, business offices, and factories

These buildings have plain wall surfaces and large windows. These also have
bold rectangular forms and clean lines.
Government Buildings

Capitol (Kapitolyo)

17
 This refers to the building of the provincial..
government..Most of the kapitolyo in the country use.. columns and.. pediments in
the exterior
of the buildings.

Town Hall (Munisipyo)

This refers to the building of the municipal government. The offices of the mayor,
the municipal council, the municipal court and jail, and other important offices such
as the municipal registrar’s office are located here. There are some instances,
however, when the municipal court and jail are housed in a separate building called
tribunal.

Public Buildings and Structures

School (Eskwelahan)

This refers to a place where young people are educated to become productive
members of the community. The most common style of the eskwelahan is
American-influenced, which featured a concrete structure elevated on stilts.

Kamalig

The Kamalig is the Tagalog term for a building used for storing grain. This is
considered to be the most economically significant structure among the tribes in
Northern Philippines. In some provinces, especially those in the lowland areas, the
bahay kubo or nipa hut can be used as a form of kamalig.

Masjid

The masjid or mosque refers to a place of worship of...

the. Muslims. A typical Philippine mosque has the..
following.features: a tower called minaret, a prayer niche..
called mihrab., the dome, arches that are reinforced with..
pillars, and a pulpit.. called mimbar.

Cemetery (Sementeryo)

The cemetery is a place where people bury the dead. It has other names, such
as kampo santo, pantyon, and libingan. A cemetery had a small chapel and vaults or
nichos surrounding the chapel. Nowadays, memorial parks are developed.
Church (Simbahan)

The simbahan is a place of worship for a Christian congregation. How a church

was designed usually depends on the religious denomination it belongs.

18
Movie House (Sinehan)

The sinehan is a place where people watch film or motion pictures.

Theatre (Teatro)

The teatro is a building for dance, musical, and theatrical presentations. This is
different from an auditorium because the teatro is essentially a separate building
compared to the former.

Other Forms and Structures

Fort (Kuta)

These are structures that are built to defend a community against enemies.
These are usually found in areas with natural barriers, such as cliffs, hills, narrow
passes, mountains, and waters.

Lighthouse (Parola)

The lighthouse is a structure built on an island, peninsula, or rock to ensure that

ships will be able to pass through a narrow area safely.

Bridge (Tulay)

The tulay is a horizontal structure that serves as a passageway between two

areas separated by a body of water, a hollow area, or a road.

Assessment
Let us check how much you learned from this module’s coverage.

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on the space
provided.

1. This element refers to the way the surface or object looks as it may feel.
a. Time and motion c. Monochromatic
b. Texture d. Shape and mass
2. This refers to brightness and dullness of color.
a. Saturation c. Texture

19
 b. Value d. Color scheme
3. This refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented by the color wheel.
a.
Hue c. Space
b. Tetradic d. Color
4. This painting depicts scenes from ordinary life.
a. Nudes c. Genres
b. Landscapes d. Historical paintings

5. This is also known as sculpture in motion.

a. Book design c. Assemblage
b. Embroidery d. Kinetic sculpture
6. This body adornment involves putting plant dyes into the skin through the use
of a sharp instrument.
a. Tattoo art c. Advertising art
b. Mat weaving d. Welded sculpture
7. This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive
chemical plate or film.
a. Pottery c. Metalcraft
b. Photograph d. Symbolic sculpture
8. An example of this form of visual arts is the use of coconut leaves in wrapping
cooked rice.
a. Textile weaving c. Printmaking
b. Multimedia d. Leaf art
9. This commercial building is thought to be an evolved form of the palengke or
market.
a. Ethnic house c. Government buildings
b. Movie house d. Mall/galleria
10.This form of architecture is considered to be the ethnic house of Christian
families living in lowland areas.
a. Masjid c. Bahay kubo
b. Apartment d. Bungalow

20
References

Deped Curriculum Guide

Wilson K. Panisan, Leslie B. Gazzingan, Gregorio L. Samar, Corie Chuza G.

Boongaling. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions. Mutya Publishing House,
Inc. Malabon City:2016

https://pixabay.com/photos/shape-geometry-3d-design-5060385/
https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-image.php?image=323442&picture=bl
ack-lines-stripes-illustration
https://www.123rf.com/photo_68856037_stock-vector-illustration-of-printing-color-wh
eel-with-twelve-colors-in-gradations.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SILVER_METALLIC_TEXTURE_(7241694514).jpg
https://gmhsart.weebly.com/atmospheric-perspective.html
https://www.pxfuel.com/en/free-photo-qxfxt
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Variation_II_Sun_Kinetic_Sculpture_by_Dav
id_C._Roy_2014.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/11440689@N03/3248172605/
https://pixabay.com/vectors/easel-painting-arts-tripod-148266/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/livenature/176581152
https://www.flickr.com/photos/alancleaver/3405608142
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-parisloragerie-museumh-rousseaula-carriole-
dupere-juniet1908-70204875.html
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunter%27s_dwelling,_by_Henri_Voordeck
er.jpg
https://www.pikrepo.com/fvkdz/religious-painting
https://mynetivot.com/teamwork-with-pink-tower-red-rods-brown-ladder/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/cutherell/34981833173
https://pixabay.com/photos/kinetic-sculptures-sunset-orange-4626660/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/nostri-imago/3220415943
https://www.goodfreephotos.com/public-domain-images/bamboo-horse-vector-clipart.
png.php
https://pixabay.com/photos/wicker-baskets-weave-willow-61259/
https://pixabay.com/photos/embroidery-needlework-sewing-5157140/
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/108790147227166922/
https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-image.php?image=257106&picture=s
eamless-paper-people-background
https://www.flickr.com/photos/160866001@N07/48596698371
https://www.wallpaperflare.com/photo-of-left-arm-with-tattoo-art-colors-colours-creati
ve-wallpaper-enegs
https://www.wallpaperflare.com/commercial-street-ppt-background-loom-textile-weav
ing-indoors-wallpaper-wavpu
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bahay_na_bato_houses_of_philippines.jpg