UNIT 1: INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO CONTEMPORARY

ART
Lesson 1: arts and its Visual elements

Visual elements of art

Line This refers to a prolongation of a point or a mark on a surface.
Solid lines can be used in order to define form while broken
lines are typically used to suggest hidden forms.

Shape This element refers to an area with boundaries identified or drawing

and lines. A shape may be natural or living forms called an organic
Mass shape and can be irregular or rounded. It may also be measured
forms called geometric shape. In contrast to shape., which is two-
dimensional, mass refers to solid portions of a three-dimensional
object.

Color This refers to visual perception that allows a person to differentiate

objects due to the way various wavelengths of light are reflected.
Color is a very important element because it can communicate
information and emotion to the viewer. These are the three
properties of color:
 Hue, which refers to the basic or pure color, and is
represented in the color wheel.
 Value, which refers to the lightness and darkness of color.
A light color or tint is the result of adding white to a hue,
while a dark color or shade results from adding black to a
hue.
 Saturation, which refers to brightness and dullness of
color. It is also referred to as purity of the color. A bright
color can be produced by adding more pigment to the same
hue, while a dull color can be produced by adding gray or
the color’s complement to the pigment.
Color  Monochromatic – involves using the same hue but with
Scheme different gradients of value.
s  Analogous – entails the use of three or four adjacent colors in
the color wheel.
 Complementary – involves the use of a color and its
complement-meaning the color located opposite of the first
 color.
 Split-complementary – a close relative to the complementary
color scheme. But instead of using the color’s complement, this
scheme uses the two colors adjacent to the complement.
 Triadic – uses three colors that are of equal distance with each
other.
 Tetradic – also known as double complementary color scheme,
this uses two pairs of complementary colors.
Texture This element refers to the feel or appearance of a surface. A person
may describe as actual or implied Actual texture can be felt tangibly
based on the Material that is used for the artwork while implied
texture can be exhibited, for instance, in a painting of fur of an
animal
Value This element refers to lightness or darkness of an area. This is
evident in creating shadows for a two-dimensional object to give an
illusion of depth.
Space Space refers to the area that is occupied by an object or a subject, as
well as the area surrounding that object or subject. An illusion of
space can still be created in a two-dimensional surface using
perspective. There are two types of perspective:
 atmospheric perspective- which utilizes the properties of light
and air in depicting the illusion of distance
 linear perspective- which involves the use of vanishing points
and receding hidden lines.

Time Movement in the visual arts can either be an illusion or an actual

and motion. An illusion of movement is more common in two-
Motion dimensional artworks. On the other hand, actual motion is easily
seen in kinetic sculpture that moves with the wind or are vibrating
with the surrounding air.
UNIT 1: INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO CONTEMPORARY
ART
Lesson 2: PAINTING

FORMS OF PAINTING
Easel Painting The easel painting is perhaps the most common form of
painting which involves applying color to a board or
canvas that is fixed on an upright support called an easel.
These are meant to be framed and hanged on a
wall after creating them.

Murals A mural is described as a huge wall-sized painting used to

impart messages to the public. A new form of mural
which is a portable mural, was developed in order to
prevent the mural from being erased from the wall which
was created by using bold strokes in applying bright
colors on pieces of cheesecloth or canvas.

Telon Painting A telon is describes as a backdrop or background for the

stage which are used for komedya, sarswela, and
Sinakulo the popular forms of theater in the country.

Jeepney and The calesa is typically painted using one color. The
Calesa Painting borders of the calesa are decorated with geometric
patterns repetitive patterns, and/or thin lines. Jeepney
painting evolved from calesa painting. In a typical
jeepney, a logo, number, or painting is covered near the
driver’s seat, as well as near the seats adjacent to it.

Collage This refers to a form of painting that involves combine

images in a single artwork. This entails cutting and
pasting materials such as paper, fabric, tin foil and other
relatively flat materials onto a board or canvas.
 THEMES OF PAINTING
Genre Genre painting portrays people in daily activities during the
Painting contemporary period, genre painting took several directions. One
of these new approaches is folk genre, which mainly focuses on
the everyday activities of the folk. Another approach is using the
style of cubism in depicting folk or urban subjects. On the other
hand, folk-naive is another style wherein it uses a lot of color and
spontaneity
Historical The historical painting depicts a scene from the past. It often has
Painting a lesson concerning national values.
This refers to painting of the space inside of a part of a house or
Interiors a building. This usually reveals the social class of the family
living in that particular house, as well as the traits of the people
living in it.
Landscap These painting portrays natural scenery or urban scenes. Mixed
es media is now used in creating landscape paintings. Closely
related to landscapes are seascapes, which focus on large bodies
of water, particularly the ocean or the sea.
Portraits This refers to a painting portraying one or more specific
individuals. This usually portrays the physical characteristics of
the subject and seeks to show an understanding of that person’s
character.
Nudes These are paintings that portray the unclothed human figure.
Nowadays, a wide variety of materials and styles can be used in
painting nudes. Nude painting sessions are conducted in
galleries.
Religious Common subjects of religious painting include a lone religious
Painting image, lives of the saints, and scenes based from the Scriptures
like the Nativity scene, and the Station of the Cross.
Still Life This refers to a painting that depicts natural or man-made objects
that form a composition in a natural setting. A lot of styles can
be used by artists in painting, ranging from Baroque and Rococo,
to impressionism, expressionism, and abstract. Neo-realism
involves creating representational figures that also look abstract;
hyperrealism or magic realism, the subject is painted in a highly
realistic way that it resembles a photograph and social realism
entails creating paintings that depicts socioeconomic and
political problems.
UNIT 1: INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO CONTEMPORARY
ART
Lesson 3: Sculpture and other forms of visual arts

GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE

Free- This is a kind of sculpture that can independently stand in
standing space. It has a flat horizontal base. All its sides contribute
to the overall form of the sculpture.
Relief This kind of sculpture does not have a flat horizontal base.
The form is projected from a flat surface. There are two
types of relief – low relief or bas-relief which is slightly
from. the flat surface; and high relief. Cagayan de Oro’s
Legendary. River Monster is an example of relief
sculpture.
Assembla This sculpture is formed by putting together materials such
ge as found objects, pieces of paper, sponges, wood. scraps,
and other materials. A good example of this is Lamberto
Hechanova’s Man and Woman.
Kinetic This is considered as a sculpture in motion because the
Sculpture entire sculpture or some parts of the sculpture are moving
with the wind or are vibrating with the surrounding air.

Welded Creating these sculptures involve the process of

Sculpture connecting sheets of metal together by using an acetylene
s or electric torch.
Use of A kind of sculpture where the medium of expression used
Glass by the artist is glass.
Symbolic It is a kind of sculpture in which an abstract idea is
Sculpture represented by means of allegory and personification.
 OTHER FORMS OF VISUAL ART
Advertising This refers to using paid space or time in any of the media to
Art inform and influence the public. This is used to encourage the
public to patronage certain goods and services, or to support
policies or persons.

Bamboo Art This refers to works made of bamboo that may be used for
everyday purposes, for decorations or ornaments.

Basketry This refers to the art of creating containers by three-

dimensional shapes that can either be used for carrying, storage
and trapping animals

Book Design Book design involves structuring and reproduction of bound

pages that are filled with text and / or images, and are protected
by hard or soft covers.

Costumes These are garments, hairstyles, and accessories that are worn
by individual members in a particular society.

Embroidery This refers to the art of stitching ornaments on cloth by hand.

Food Art This involves packaging and / or presentation of food in an

artistic way. Food art involves enhancing the food itself or its
packaging in an artistic way.

Furniture These are decorative and functional objects which are typically
found in a public or private dwelling or building. These are
also known as muebles or kasangkapan.

Komiks and Both komiks and editorial cartoon involve illustrations of

Editorial stories or events. However, an editorial cartoon is a single-
Cartoon frame illustration that may either makes fun of political leaders
or institutions, or comments on current events. The komiks, on
the other hand, may use single or multiple frames with
conversations of people or animals placed inside “balloons”.

Leaf Art Leaf art is used in religious rituals, food wrapping, and even as
a form of modern artistic expression. This makes leaf art
different from basketry.
Mat This refers to the art of "plaiting strips of organic fibers into
Weaving mats". These mats, locally known as banig, are cool, light, and
portable compared to fixed beds.
Metalcraft This includes all objects made from metal using the processes
of brass casting and blacksmithing, tinsmithing, or
goldsmithing and silversmithing.
 Brass casting and blacksmithing - This process
involves casting and forging pieces of brass or bronze.
Anting-anting or amulets are also created using this
process.

 Goldsmithing and silversmithing - These processes

involve the use of gold and silver in creating objects
and ornaments.

 Tinsmithing - Tinsmithing can be easily seen in

creating jeepneys, kalesas, and cariton or ice cream
cart.
Multimedia This consist of works that involves the use of other senses in
appreciating those works aside from the sense of vision.
 Conceptual Art - In this type of multimedia, a visual
artist “ideates or sets up a situation, placing
philosophical value in the process itself while
negating the importance of craftsmanship in arriving
at a finished art object.
 Installation Art - In this type of multimedia, the artist
puts together materials and objects in an exhibition
space to cast a new experience or idea.
 Performance Art - In this type of multimedia, an artist
converts himself or herself into an art object in motion
and sound.
Paper Art This involves the processes of cutting, pasting, recycling,
and/or constructing of objects from paper. Paper art used to be
limited with folk paper art such as taka and higante from
Angono, parol, pastillas, wrappings, and kites.

Personal These are objects that are worn on the human body. Jewelry
Ornaments falls under this form. These are worn either to enhance a part
of the body of the wearer, to exhibit rank or status, or to
symbolize ritualistic and emotional states.
Photography This refers to the process of producing images using a light-
sensitive chemical plate or film. Photographs are taken to serve
as portraits and as propaganda which is highly useful medium
for an artist.
Pottery Pottery is a general term for decorative and useful objects
made from clay and set off at high temperatures this is
frequently interchanged with “ceramics”. However, it is
important to note that application of ceramics is wider and
even includes industrial use.
 Earthenware or Terracotta - This type of pottery is
made from clay and is usually fired at 1,700-2,100
ᵒF.
 Stoneware - This type of pottery is made from clay
and feldspar.
 Porcelain - This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a
special type of clay that is extra fine, white and
feldspar.
Printmaking This refers to transferring images from a firm surface, such as
metal or wood, to a pliable surface, such as cloth or paper,
using pressure. This is different from production because
printmaking involves making the plate either by hand (of the
artist) or mixed with mechanical means.

Tattoo Art This refers to a body adornment permanently engraved on the

skin using a sharp instrument and plant dyes or inks.

Textile This refers to the process of creating cloth by interweaving a

Weaving series of parallel vertical threads with another series of
horizontal threads at right angles.