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12
CONTEMPORARY
PHILIPPINE ARTS
FROM THE REGIONS
Quarter 1
Module 2:

VARIouS ART FORMS

in the
Philippines

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I. TITLE OF MATERIAL/INTRODUCTION:
The arts are described as means of expression that require imagination and/or skill in making
aesthetic objects or encounters that can be shared with other people. These may also be used to
entertain or persuade other people as these aesthetic objects and encounters create beauty.
The arts include visual arts, architecture, literature, music, dance, theater, and cinema or film.

II. OBJECTIVES:
Discuss various art forms found in the Philippines (CAR11/12IAC-0b-2)

POST-COLONIAL ART CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL

ERA REALISM
POST-COLONIAL ART MODERN National identity
ART
COLONIAL ART JAPANE Orientilizin COLONIAL ART
SE ART g
COLONIAL ART AMERICA Secular COLONIAL ART
N ART Forms of
Arts
COLONIAL ART SPANISH Faith & COLONIAL ART
ART Cathecism
PRE-COLONIAL ISLAMI Geometric PRE-COLONIAL ART
Designs
ART C ART
ETHNI Integral PRE-COLONIAL ART
C ART to life

POST-COLONIAL ART TRANSITION PHASE

-PHILIPPINE MODERN ART (1946-1970)

-PHILIPPINE POST-MODERN ART (1970-1980)
-PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY ART (early 1970s-PRESENT)

During the 1970’s up to the present, artists began combining different art forms and media. An
artists may now combine two visual art forms, such as painting and sculpture. An artist may also
integrate two or more different art forms, such as sculpture and music. Integrating two or more
forms of performing arts is still common nowadays, even though that performing arts are already
integrated before the 1970’s

Why we study “art” ?

1. Art is a Natural Behavior

2. Art is Communication
3. Art is Healing
4. Art Tells Our Story
5. Art is a Shared Experience

What is Contemporary Art or ConArt?

Contemporary art provides an opportunity to reflect on contemporary society and the issues
relevent to ourselves, and the world around us. Contemporary artists work in a globally
influenced, culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world.

Contemporary Art is a statement that an artist make about life, thoughts, ideas, beliefs and amny
other things that define human life.

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Their art is dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts, and subjects that challenge
traditional bounderies and defy easy definition.
Strictly speaking, the term “contemporary art” refers to art made and produced by artists living
today. Today’s artists work in and respond to a global environment that is culturally diverse,
technologically advancing and multifaceted. Working in a wide range of mediums, contemporary
artists often reflect and comment on modern-day society.

Characteristics of Contemporary Art:

1. Bold strokes, bright colors.

2. Abstract, Expressionist and Surrealist.
3. Art became public.
4. Some artists were self-taught.
5. Different materials were used instead of the traditional ones.
6. Originality is not an issue in Contemporary Art.
7. Process is important.

3 CATEGORIES OF ART FORMS in the

PHILIPPINES

1. THE VISUAL ART

-“appealing”

In order to understand how to describe a painting or a sculpture, it is important to

comprehend first the visual elements of art. These visual elements of art are line, color,
shape, space, value, texture, time and motion.

Line

This refers to a prolongation of a point or a mark on a

surface. Solid lines can be used in order to define form
while broken lines are typically used to suggest hidden
forms.

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Shape and Mass

This element refers to an area with boundaries

identified or drawing lines. A shape may be natural orliving
forms called an organic shape and can be irregular or
rounded. It may also be measured forms called
geometric shape. In contrast to shape which is
two-dimensional, mass refers to solid portions of a
three-dimensional object.

Color

This refers to visual perception that allows a person to differentiate objects due to
the way various wavelengths of light are reflected. Color is a very important element
because it can communicate information and emotion to the viewer. These are the
three properties of color:

• Hue, which refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented in the color wheel.
• Value, which refers to the lightness and darkness of color. A light color or tint is the
result of adding white to a hue, while a dark color or shade results from adding black
to a hue.
• Saturation, which refers to brightness and dullness of color. It is also referredto as
purity of the color. A bright color can be produced by adding more pigment to the
same hue, while a dull color can be produced by adding gray or the color’s
complement to the pigment.

The color wheel is an arrangement of primary,

secondary and tertiary colors. It is important tool to identify
which colors can work well if used in a certainartwork which
is the color schemes or color relationships. These are
some of the color schemes:

Color Schemes

• Monochromatic – involves using the same hue but with different gradientsof
value.
• Analogous – entails the use of three or four adjacent colors in the color
wheel.
• Complementary – involves the use of a color and its complement
-meaning the color located opposite of the first color.
• Split-complementary – a close relative to the complementary color scheme.
But instead of using the color’s complement, this scheme uses the two colors
adjacent to the complement.
• Triadic – uses three colors that are of equal distance with each other.
• Tetradic – also known as double complementary color scheme, this uses two
pairs of complementary colors.
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Texture

This element refers to the feel or appearance of a

surface. A. person may describe as actual or implied. Actual
texture can be felt tangibly based on the material that is
used for the artwork while implied texture can be exhibited,
for instance, in a painting of fur of an animal.

Value

This element refers to lightness or darkness of an area. This is evident in creating

shadows for a two-dimensional object to give an illusion of depth.

Space

Space refers to the area that is occupied by an object or a subject, as well as the
area surrounding that object or subject. An illusion of space can still be created in a
two-dimensional surface using perspective. There are two types of perspective:
atmospheric perspective, which utilizes the properties of light and air in depicting the
illusion of distance; and linear perspective, which involves the use of vanishing points
and receding hidden lines.

Time and Motion

Movement in the visual arts can either be an illusion or an actual motion. An illusion
of movement is more common in two-dimensional artworks. On the other hand, actual
motion is easily seen in kinetic sculpture that moves with the wind or are vibrating with
the surrounding air.

The term “visual arts” encompasses a wide range of forms created by Filipinos. It ranges from
Western-influenced visual art forms to works created by folk and indigenous people. Traditionally,
these visual art forms include painting, and sculpture. However, there are other functional visual art
forms in the country that need to be appreciated as well. Some of these forms include advertising
art, basketry, metalcraft, mat weaving, pottery, and textile weaving.

PAINTING refers to the process of applying color on a flat surface. Forms can be created using a
wide variety of materials such as watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil, pastel, and charcoal. Surfaces for
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painting include wood, canvas, cardboard, and paper. Painting is considered two-dimensional,
meaning it only has height and width.

FORMS OF PAINTING:

The easel painting is perhaps the most common

form of painting which involves applying color to
a board or canvas that is fixed on an upright
support called an easel. These are meant to be
framed and hanged on a wall after creating them.

A mural is described as a huge wall-sized

painting used to impart messages to the
public. A new form of mural which is a
portable mural, was developed in order to
prevent the mural from being erased from
the wall which was created by using bold
strokes in applying bright colors on pieces of
cheesecloth or canvas.

Telon Painting. A telon is describes as a

backdrop or background for the stage which
are used for komedya, sarswela, and
sinakulo the popular forms of theater in the
country.
The telon painting wall hanging is capable
of representing various themes, and is
manufactured by combining pure natural
feathers and telon, which represents natural
and original texture, achieves a vivid artistic
effect, and coordinates with and accords
with the themes.

Jeepney and Calesa Painting. The calesa

is typically painted using one color. The
borders of the calesa are decorated with
geometric patterns, repetitive patterns,
and/or thin lines. Jeepney painting evolved
from calesa painting. In a typical jeepney, a
logo, number, or painting is covered near
the driver’s seat, as well as near the seats
adjacent to it.

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Collage. This refers to a form of painting

that involves combine images in a single
artwork. This entails cutting and pasting
materials such as paper, fabric, tin foil and
otherrelatively flat materials onto a board or
canvas.

THEMES OF PAINTING:

Genre Painting
Genre painting portrays people in daily
activities.During the contemporary period, genre
painting took several directions. One of these new
approaches is folk genre, which mainly focuses on
the everyday activitiesof the folk. Another
approach is using the style of cubism in depicting
folk or urban subjects. On the other hand,
folk-naive is another style wherein it uses a lot of
color and spontaneity.
“Under the Mango Tree”(1941) by Fernando Amorsolo

Historical Painting

The historical painting depicts a scene from the past. It often has a lesson
concerning national values.

Interiors

This refers to painting of the space inside of a part of a house or a building. This
usually reveals the social class of the family living in that particular house, as well as the
traits of the people living in it.

Landscapes

These painting portrays natural scenery or urban scenes. Mixed media is now used
in creating landscape paintings. Closely related to landscapes are seascapes, which
focus on large bodies of water, particularly the ocean or the sea.

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Portraits

This refers to a painting portraying one or more specific individuals. This usually
portrays the physical characteristics of the subject and seeks to show an understanding
of that person’s character.

Nudes

These are paintings that portray the unclothed human figure. Nowadays, a wide
variety of materials and styles can be used in painting nudes. Nude painting sessions
are conducted in galleries.

Religious Painting
Common subjects of religious painting
includes a lone religious image, lives of the
saints, and scenes based from the
Scriptures like the Nativity scene, and the
Station of the Cross.

Still Life

This refers to a painting that depicts natural or man-made objects that form a
composition in a natural setting. A lot of styles can be used by artists in painting,
ranging from Baroque and Rococo, to impressionism, expressionism, and abstract.
Neo-realism involves creating representational figures that also look abstract;
hyperrealism or magic realism, the subject is painted in a highly realistic way that it
resembles a photograph and social realism entails creating paintings that depicts
socioeconomic and political problems.

Vicente Manansala (1910 - 1981) : Still life - fish

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CALLIGRAPHY
It is the art of writing letters in a manner that it
looks visually appealing.

SCULPTURE is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the
plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving and modelling; in stones, metals,
ceramics, woods and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete
freedom of materials and process. In contrast to painting, sculpture has three dimensions – height,
width, and depth. It is created by eithercarving, modelling, or assembling partstogether.

GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE:

Free-standing

This is a kind of sculpture that can

independently stand in space. It has a flat
horizontal base. All its sides contribute to
the overall form of the sculpture.

“The Oblation” by Guillermo Tolentino

Relief
This kind of sculpture does not have
a flat horizontal base. The form is
projected from a flat surface. There are
two types of relief – low relief or bas-relief
which is slightlyfrom the flat surface; and
high relief. Cagayan de Oro’s Legendary
River Monster is an example of relief
sculpture.

The Mysterious ORO, Cagayan de Oro's Legendary River

Monster - Tsada Cagayan de Oro

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Assemblage
This sculpture is formed by putting together
materials such as found objects, pieces of paper,
sponges, wood scraps, and other materials. A good
example of this is Lamberto Hechanova’s Man and
Woman.

Lamberto Hechanova’s Man and Woman.

Kinetic Sculpture
This is considered as a sculpture in
motion because the entire sculpture or
some parts of the sculpture are moving
with the wind or are vibrating with the
surrounding air.

Kinetic Sculpture by Rica Racquel

Welded Sculptures
Creating these sculptures involve the
process of. connecting sheets of metal
together by using an acetylene or electric
torch.

Daniel de la Cruz's Touchstone of Modern Sculpture

Use of Glass
A kind of sculpture where the
medium of expression used by the artist
is glass.

Glass Sculptures by Ramon Orlina

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Symbolic Sculpture

It is a kind of sculpture in which an

abstract idea is represented by means
of allegory and personification.

“Time” by Jefrë

OTHER FORMS OF VISUAL ART:

Aside from painting and sculpture, other visual forms can be seen in every region in the country.
Some of them are even used by people on a regular basis. The following are some of the visual
arts used by various companies and offices:

ADVERTISING ART. This refers to

using paid space or time in any of the
media to inform and influence the public.
This is used to encourage the public to
patronage certain goods and services or
to support policiesor persons.

It's Fun in the Philippines - Philippine Cultural Foundation, Inc.

SINGKABAN. Filipino word for
decorated bamboo arch, is used as a
welcome signage of a town, city or
village in the country. It is widely
used as decoration during town
fiestas in Bulacan.

BOOK DESIGN. Book design involves structuring and reproduction of bound pages that are filled
with text and/or images, and are protected by hard or soft covers.

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EMBROIDERY. This refers to the art of

stitching ornaments on cloth by hand.

FOOD ART. This involves packaging

and/or presentation of food in an artistic
way. Food art involves enhancing the
food itself or its packaging in an artistic
way.

KOMIKS AND EDITORIAL CARTOON. Both komiks and editorial cartoon involve illustrations of
stories or events. However, an editorial cartoon is a single-frame illustration that may either makes
fun of political leaders or institutions, or comments on current events. The komiks, on the other
hand, may use single or multiple frames with conversations of people or animals placed inside
“balloons”.

LEAF ART is used in religious rituals,

food wrapping, and even as a form of
modern artistic expression. This makes
leaf art different from basketry.

PUNI – is the art of leaf fronds folding. It

refers to the dying art of coconut leaf
weaving. This is a tagalog term which means
to beautify or decorate with coco leaf. It is
used as food container for suman or puso,
palaspas or a toy.

MAT WEAVING This refers to the art of “plaiting strips of organic fibers into mats”. These mats,
locally known as banig, are cool, light, and portable compared to fixed beds.

METALCRAFT. This includes all objects made from metal using the processes of brass casting
and blacksmithing, tinsmithing, or goldsmithing and silversmithing.

⚫ Brass casting and blacksmithing This process involves casting and forging pieces of brass
or bronze. Anting-anting or amulets are also created using this process.

⚫ Goldsmithing and silversmithing These processes involves the use of gold and silver in
creating objects and ornaments.

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⚫ Tinsmithing can be easily seen in creating jeepneys, kalesas, and cariton or ice cream cart.

PAPER ART. This involves the

processes of cutting, pasting recycling,
and/or constructing of objects from
paper. Paper art used to be limited with
folk paper art such as taka and higante
from Angono, parol, pastillas,
wrappings, and kites.

Taka refers to papier-mâché made using carved wooden

sculpture used as a mold. The craft originated in the town of
Paete, Laguna in the Philippines.

Pabalat is a form of papercutting originating in the

province of Bulacan in the Philippines. It involves making
intricate papercut designs from wrappers used
in pastillas, usually papel de hapon or japanese paper.

PHOTOGRAPHY. This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive chemical
plate or film. Photographs are taken to serve as portraits and as propaganda which is highly useful
medium for an artist.

PRINTMAKING. This refers to transferring images from a firm surface, such as metal or wood , to a
pliable surface, such as cloth or paper, using pressure. This is different from production because
print making involves making the plate either by hand (of the artist) or mixed with mechanical
means.

TATTOO ART. This refers to a body

adornment permanently engraved on
the skin using a sharp instrument and
plant dyes or inks.

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TEXTILE WEAVING. This refers to the

process of creating cloth by
interweaving a series of parallel
vertical threads with another series of
horizontal threads at right angles.

2. APPLIED ART
- “ functional”

ARCHITECTURE is considered to be one of the most functional branches of the visual arts. We
can freely see architecture in our surroundings because architecture involves designing the form of
a building while allowing the building to serve its function. It is considered to be the “art to inhabit.”

FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE:

Domestic Buildings and Houses

Apartment. This refers to a building composed of many residences called units. This is usually
built in populated urban areas. Nowadays, in order to maximize the use of space and because of
the increased buying power of the population, condominiums were developed. These
condominiums are larger offshoots of apartments.

Bahay na Bato. The bahay na bato is

considered to be a residence of the wealthy. A
typical two-storey bahay na bato generally has
a ground floor that is made of brick or stone
and has a wooden upper level. The windows
and the level have grilles, while the windows at
the upper level have sliding shutters. The
roof of a typical bahay na bato slants on four
sides.

Barong-barong. The barong-barong are houses of the landless poor that are built on any land or
area. These are usually found near the esteros, riverbanks, and bayshores; spaces along high
walls, railroad tracks; spaces near abandoned buildings, and garbage dumps; or any vacant lot.
Some of these barong-barong are built underbridges.

Bungalow. This refers to one-story house with a wide front porch and large windows. It may also
have a terrace, which may be roofed or not.
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Ethnic Houses

Bahay Kubo. The bahay kubo is

considered as an ethnic house of
Christian peasant families living in the
lowland areas. This is typically owned
by families belonging in low income
groups.

Houseboat. The houseboat is basically a boat

that also serves as dwelling. The Badjaos or
Sama Laut typically reside in houseboats.

One-and-a-Half Story House. The one-and-a-half story is characterized by an upper level or story
covering just a half of the lower level. This may also become a split-level house if half of the ground
level is higher in such a way that it is halfway between the ground level and the upper level.

Split-level House. The split-level house in the Philippines has two main levels. The lower level
houses has the kitchen, living and dining areas, while the upper level has the bedrooms. These
levels are separated byabout half or less-than-half a story.

Tsalet. The Philippine tsalet refers to a

suburban house that has one story, a two-story
house with living quarters on the upper level, or
an elevated one-story house. The term tsalet
came from the term “chalet” which refers to a
peasant house in Switzerland that has upper
levels jutting over the lower levels, a steep roof
and a decorated gable.

Commercial Buildings

Market(Palengke) This refers to a place or

building for buying and selling goods. This is
also referred to as tindahan, and tiyangge.
Nowadays, the palengke has evolved into
the supermarket,which puts the wet market
and the grocery together in the same
complex. The mall, or galleria, is considered
a more recent evolved form of the palengke.

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Buildings that house banks, business offices, and factories. These buildings have plain wall
surfaces and large windows. These also have bold rectangular formsand clean lines.

Government Buildings

Capitol(Kapitolyo) This refers to the

building of the provincial government.
Most of the kapitolyo in the country use
columns and pediments in the exterior
of the buildings.

TownHall(Munisipyo) This refers to the building of the municipal government. The offices of the
mayor, the municipal council, the municipal court and jail, and other important offices such as the
municipal registrar’s office are located here. There are some instances, however, when the
municipal court and jail are housed in a separate building called tribunal.

Public Buildings and Structures

School(Eskwelahan) This refers to a place where young people are educated to become
productive members of the community. The most common style of the eskwelahan is
American-influenced, which featured a concrete structure elevatedon stilts.

Kamalig The Kamalig is the Tagalog term for a building used for storing grain. This is considered
to be the most economically significant structure among the tribes in Northern Philippines. In some
provinces, especially those in the lowland areas, the bahay kubo or nipa hut can be usedas a form
of kamalig.

Masjid The masjid or mosque refers to

a place of worship of the Muslims. A
typical Philippine mosque has the
following features: a tower called
minaret, a prayer niche called mihrab,
the dome, arches that are reinforced
with pillars, and a pulpit called mimbar.

Cemetery(Sementeryo) The cemetery isa place where people bury the dead. It has other names,
such as kampo santo, pantyon, and libingan. A cemetery had a small chapel and vaults or nichos
surrounding the chapel. Nowadays, memorial parks are developed.

Church(Simbahan) The simbahan is a place of worship for a Christian congregation. How a

church was designed usually depends on the religious denomination it belongs.

MovieHouse(Sinehan) The sinehan is a place where people watch film ormotion pictures.

Theatre(Teatro) The teatro is a building for dance, musical, and theatrical presentations. This is
different from an auditorium because the teatro is essentially a separate building compared to the
former.

Other Forms and Structures

Fort (Kuta) These are structures that are built to defend a community against enemies. These are
usually found in areas with natural barriers, such as cliffs, hills, narrow passes, mountains, and
waters.

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Lighthouse (Parola) The lighthouse is a structure built on an island, peninsula, or rock to ensure
that shipswill be able to pass through a narrow area safely.

Bridge(Tulay) The tulay is a horizontal structure that serves as a passageway between two areas
separated by a body of water, a hollow area, or a road.

Throughout Philippines history, both foreign and Filipino architects introduce innovationswhenit
comestocreatingbuildingsandlarge structures.Even though the design of buildings and homes are
still Western-inspired, architects started to appreciate Filipino social traditions and cultural values.
In fact, local materials were used by architects like Francisco Mañosa, a Filipino architect
considered as one of the most influential Filipino architects of the 20th century, in designing homes
and buildings. In addition to that, they sought ways to express these traditions and values in
architecture.

POTTERY is a general term for

decorative and useful.. objects.made
from clay and set off at high
temperatures. This is frequently
interchanged with “ceramics”.
However, it is important to note that
application of ceramics is wider and
even includes industrial use.

⚫ Earthenware or Terracotta This type of pottery is made from clay and is usually fired at
1,700-2,100ᵒF.
⚫ Stoneware. This type of pottery is made from clay and feldspar.
⚫ Porcelain. This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay that is extra fine,
white and feldspar.

COSTUMES. These are garments, hairstyles, and accessories that are worn by individual
members in a particular society.

PERSONAL ORNAMENTS. These are objects that are worn on the humanbody. Jewelry falls
under this form. These are worn either to enhance a part of the body of the wearer, to exhibit rank
or status, or to symbolize ritualistic and emotional states.

BASKETRY. This refers to the art of

creating containers by weaving, plaiting,
or braiding materials into hollow
three-dimensional shapes that can
either be used for carrying, storage and
trapping animals.

FURNITURE. These are decorative and functional objects which are typically found in a public or
private dwelling or building. These are also known as muebles or kasangkapan.

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BAMBOO ART. This refers to works

made of bamboo that may be used for
everyday purposes, for decorations or
ornaments.

3. PERFORMING ARTS

- “most entertaining form of art”

It forms of creative activity that are performed in front of an audience, such as drama, music and
dnace. Of all the different forms of art, it is much appreciated and enjoyed by people.

MUSIC

It is an arrangement of sounds to create a continuous and unified compositions.

Elements of Music:
• Melody. This is succession of consecutive notes or tones changing in pitch
and duration.
• Rhythm. It has three qualities: tempo which describes how fast or slow is the
music; meter which refers to the unit of time that is made up of beats or pulses;
and rhythmic pattern.
• Harmony. This is a combination of different tones or pitches played sung
together at the same time.
• Texture. This is the relationship of melodic and harmonic lines in music.
• Dynamics. This is the degree of softness and loudness of music.
• Timbre. Also known as tone color which is the quality of sound generated by
the instrument or voice.
• Form. This refers to how the elements of music are organized.

Forms and Types Of Philippine Music:

Ethnic traditional music

• Ballad. A song that explains an event occurring in a community.

• Chant. A song with an unaccompanied melody and variable rhythm.
• Song debate. A song involving male and female singers who try to outsmart
each other about a certain topic.

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European-influenced Religious and Secular music

• Art song. A composition characterized by merging the voice part, lyrics, and
the accompaniment together to achieve an artistic musical whole.
• Habanera/Danza. This is a social dance in duple time.
• Liturgical music. This is a vocal and instrumental compositions that go
together with the official rites of Christian churches.
• Kumintang. This is a dance of love accompanied by a guitar and a string bass
and documented as a war song.
• Pasyon chant. Refers to the various styles used throughout the country for
the singing of the pasyon.

American-inspired music

• Classical music. This music includes classical music from the western world;
and classical and modern music composed by Filipinos.
• Semi-classical music. These includes band and rondalla music, hymns and
marches, sarswela music, and stylized folk songs.
• Popular music. This includes original music composed by Filipinos which
utilizes Western and local musical influences.

DANCE

It is an art of involving a series a rhythmic human movements that are purposely

selected and involves a mindful effort to combine movements together.

Elements of Dance:

• Body element. This is how the body of the dancer moves, what part of the
body moves, what actions are performed, and how the body support itself.
• Space. This focuses on the area where the dance is performed.
• Time. This is the accent, beat, duration, meter, rhythm, and acceleration.
• Energy. This is referred to as dynamics. This element describes how energy is
directed through the body, and how the body releases it.
• Relationship. This is how the person relates to the stage and to production
elements.

Forms and types of dances in the Philippines:

• Folk dance. This is a dance that are developed and performed together by
ordinary people. This includes ceremonial, combative, courtship, exorcism,
funeral, game, torture, comic, and religious dances.
• Ballet. This is a theatrical dance presentation in which a plot is integrated with
dancing, music, and stage design.
• Modern dance. A dance form that emerged during the 20 th century and still
considered theatrical but it veers away from the technique and style of ballet.
• Other forms of dance

o Aerobic dance. Dancing to the tune of popular music with the purpose
of increasing consumption of oxygen over a period of time.

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o Bodabil dancing. This is used to be popular during the American

period.
o Jazz dance. This uses African dance techniques like isolation of
individual human body parts, rhythm, and polycentrism.
o Polynesian and Tahitian dance. These dances began from the people
living in the Polynesian chain.
o Tap dance. A dance which entails tapping with toes and heels to
generate rhythmic patterns.

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THEATER

It is an art form that involves performing carefully planned actions and

emotions infront of an audience. Philippine theater is described as a wide
range of mimetic performances that were created and presented during
occasions.

Elements of theater:

• Performers. These are the persons who are on stage and

portray theircharacters for the audience.
• Audience. They serves as the witness of the performance and
energy givenby the performers.
• Director. Serves as an overseer to the entire production and
ensures that theperformers do their job well and the design works
well.
• Performance space. This refer to the space in which the actors
can performand space for the audience to stand.
• Design. This is essential in placing the overall feel of the
production whichincludes lighting, set, costumes, and sound.
• Text. This is the script to be presented in a play or production.

Form and types of Philippine theater:

• Dulang Pahiyang. Theater is not viewed as a separate activity,

but as part oflife.
• Dulambayan. Also known as people’s theater and considered
“theater in thecontext of social movements”
• Teatrong Pansimbahan. This is concerned with spirituality
and usuallyperformed depending on the events in the
church calendar.

FILM

This refers to a sequence of moving pictures shown on television or in

cinema. Film making became an industry in the Philippines during the
1950’s.

Elements of Film:

• Time. This is considered as the most significant element of cinema.

• Techniques of cinema.
o Cutting or editing. Involves one shot with another,
making sure thatthese two shot are connected.
o Camera movement. This is done in order to have a
smoother changeof view.
o Framing. This helps bringing balance to the film as it is being
viewed.

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Forms and types of Film:

• Aksyon (Action). This uses conflict as emphasis based on

real-life stories oractual experiences of persons and based from
the tradition of metrical romance or literary komedya.
• Animation. A film that involves creating illustrations or inanimate
images andbringing them to life.
• Bomba. A film that depicts nudity and sex but is different
from X-rated pornography.
• Dokyu (documentary). This is a motion picture that narrates
news events orexplain other subject matter based on facts.
• Drama. This is a motion picture that dwells on personal problems
and conflictswhich draws sentiment and emotion.
• Experimental. This attempts to create something innovative or
that is neverdone before with the camera.
• Fantasy. This depicts scenes in an imaginary world.
• Historical. This shows actual events that occurred in the past.
• Horror. This is shown to bring fear to the audience.
• Komedi (Comedy). This is to introduce or bring laughter to the
audience.

MULTIMEDIA. This consist of works that involves the use of other senses in
appreciating those works aside from the sense of vision.
⚫ Conceptual Art In this type of multimedia, a visual artist “ideates or sets up a
situation, placing philosophical value in the process itself while negating the
importance of craftsmanship in arriving at a finished art object.
⚫ Installation Art In this type of multimedia, the artist puts together materials and
objects in an exhibition space to cast a new experience or idea.
⚫ Performance Art In this type of multimedia, an artist converts himself or herself
into an art object in motion and sound.

GROUP ACTIVITY

With your CPAR subject groupings.

NOTE: NO NEED TO GO TO OTHER PLACES. MAKE USE OF THE INTERNET

and SOCIAL MEDIA FOR RESEARCH and COLLABORATION WITH YOUR
CLASSMATES.

This activity will test your comprehension about the various art forms found in the
Philippines

DIRECTION:
1.) Each group will discuss the 3 categories of Art Forms found in the Philippines by giving and
discussing 5 examples for each categories by documentary form or audio-visual
presentation (minimum 7 minutes and maximum of 15 minutes).

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2.) You may use different pictures from the internet but don’t forget to site the different
sources of your presentation as much as possible.
3.) Submit it on our Google classroom indicating the names of your group members
(SURNAME, FIRST NAME, M.I.).

NOTE: NO NEED TO GO TO OTHER PLACES. MAKE USE OF THE INTERNET

and SOCIAL MEDIA FOR RESEARCH and COLLABORATION WITH YOUR
CLASSMATES.

(YOU MAY SUBMIT YOUR OUTPUT/S THROUGH EMAIL, GOOGLE CLASSROOM or

FACEBOOK MESSENGER.)

The rubrics below should guide you in making your audio- visual presentation.
Rubrics for Audio- Visual Presentation
10 8 6 5
COVERAGE OF Details on the Details on the Details on the Details on the
THE TOPIC audio-visual audio-visual audio-visual audio-visual
presentation presentation presentation presentation
captures the include the relates to the topic has little or
important important but are too general nothing to do
information about information about or incomplete. It with the topic
the topic and the topic in order needs more
increases interest to catch information to
of the audience audience’s catch audience’s
interest interest
Use of graphics All graphics are Most of the Most of the All of the
related to the topic graphics are graphics are graphics do not
and are easier to related to the topic related to the topic relate to the
understand and are easier to topic
understand
ORGANIZATION Information is Information is Information is The
well organized organized with organized but the information
with clear idea idea and can some ideas and appears to be
and can easily understand by the are missing or do disorganized
understand by the listeners not help the
listeners listeners
understand
VOICE QUALITY The voice is clear The voice is clear, The voice is clear The voice
AND with proper with proper and can unclear and
PROJECTION intonation and intonation and can understand by the cannot
projection and can understand by the listeners understand by
easily understand listeners the listeners
by the listeners
MECHANICS No grammatical, Almost no A few Many
spelling, or grammatical, grammatical, grammatical,
punctuation errors spelling, or spelling, or spelling, or
punctuation errors punctuation errors punctuation
errors

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Identify what is being described in the statement. Write your answers on the
spaceprovided.

1. This form of architecture is considered to be the ethnic house of

Christianfamilies living in lowland areas.
a. Kamalig c. Bahay kubo
b. Masjid d. Church
2. This commercial building is a place for buying and selling goods.
a. Market c. Theatre
b. Movie house d. Tsalet
3. This house generally has a ground floor that is made of brick or
stone and hasa wooden upper level.
a. Apartment c. Bahay kubo
b. Barong-barong d. Bahay na bato

4. Camp Evangelista of Cagayan de Oro is an example of this

architecture.
a. Apartment c. Fort
b. Bahay kubo d. Market
5. Libingan ng mga bayani is an example of this architectural form.
a. Fort c. Market
b. Cemetery d. Movie house
6. This is a place of worship for a Christian congregation.
a. Kamalig c. Church
b. Masjid d. Cemetery
7. The building of Cagayan de Oro Provincial Government is an
example of thisarchitectural form.
a. Market c. Church
b. Capitol d. Bahay kubo
8. This commercial building is thought to be an evolved form of the
palengke ormarket.
a. Market c. Bahay na bato
b. Mall/galleria d. Apartment
9. This domestic building is deemed as an evolved form of apartment.
a. Mall c. Capitol
b. Market d. Condominium
10. A pulpit in a mosque is called a ___________.
a. Mimbar c. Mihrab
b. Masjid d. Minaret

11. It refers to a paper mache made using carved wooden sculpture used
as a mold.
A. Singkaban B. Pabalat C. Puni D. Taka

12. It is a local term for bamboo arches elaborately designed with kayas.
A. Singkaban B. Pabalat C. Puni D. Taka

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13. It is used as a welcome signage of a town, city, or village and is widely

used as decoration during town fiestas.
A. Singkaban B. Pabalat C. Puni D. Taka

14. It is known as Pastillas wrapper cutting art.

A. Singkaban B. Pabalat C. Puni D. Taka

15. It is a Tagalog term from the province of Bulacan which means to

beautify or decorate with the used of coconut leaf.
A. Singkaban B. Pabalat C. Puni D. Taka

16. This body adornment involves putting plant dyes into the skin through
the use of a sharp instrument.
A. Food art
B. Porcelain
C. Tattoo art
D. Photography

17. This form of visual arts refers to the way food is packaged and/or
presented in an artistic way.
A. Food art
B. Porcelain
C. Photography
D. Tattoo art

18. This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive

chemical plate or film.
A. Food art
B. Photography
C. Porcelain
D. Tattoo art
19. This form of visual arts involves braiding, plaiting, or weaving
materials to create hollow three-dimensional containers that can eitherbe used
orcarrying, storage, and trapping animals
A. Tattoo art
B. Basketry
C. Photography
D. Porcelain

20. This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay that is extra
fine and white, and feldspar.
A. Basketry
B. Photograohy
C. Porcelain
D. Movie

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