What is art?

 A skill
o -From the Latin word ”ARS”-
o The Greek word “TECHNE”
 An act of beauty
o From a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics
 An imitation of reality. ( Greeks)
 An expression of feelings or intentions of the artist. (Romantics)
 Art is creation. It is life. To create art is to give life ( Ramon Orlina- Glass Sculptor)

Art Style and Factors Affecting Style

 Geographical Factors - The place where the artist stays influences his works.
 Historical Factors - Historical events exert a great influence on artists, particularly writers.
 Social Factors - Society at most times dictate the types of paintings, sculptures, songs, dances,
literary pieces, and movies to be produced.
 Ideational Factors - The ideas coming from various people also influence artists.
 Psychological Factors - The works produced by the artist are affected by their psychological make -
up or frame of mind.
 Technical Factors - Techniques matter as far as artistic styles are concerned

1.Visual Arts

 Art forms perceived by the eyes

 Includes painting, sculpture, and architecture
 Also called spatial art because artworks produced under this genre occupy space

Two Categories of Visual Arts

1.1 Graphic Arts ( Two-dimensional Arts)

 Those visual arts that have length and width

 also known as Two-dimensional Arts
 Described as flat arts because they are seen on flat surfaces
 Examples: printing, painting, drawing, sketching, commercial art, mechanical process, computer
graphics, and photography

Untitled Image uploaded by Kristel Gail Basilio via www.scribd.com/Contemporary-Philippine-Arts-

from-the-Regions-Lesson-1 (Links to an external site.)

1.2 Plastic Arts (Three-Dimensional Arts)

 Those visual arts that have length, width, and depth ( volume)
 Also known as Three-Dimensional Arts
 Examples: sculpture, architecture, landscape architecture, set design, theater design, industrial
design, crafts, and allied arts
2.Audio-Visual Arts (Performing Arts)

 Art forms perceived by both ears (audio) and eyes (video)

 Also called Performing Arts
 Examples: musical play, dance, music, theater, and film

3. Literary Arts

 Those presented in the written mode and intended to be read.

 Examples: Prose ( short stories, novels, essays, and plays) and Poetry ( narrative poem, lyrical
poem, and dramatic poem)

The development of Philippine Art comes in three major traditions. These are the following traditions:

1. Pre-Colonial / Ethnic Tradition Arts

 Location and the experiences of the Filipinos were the major factors in art production.

2. Spanish Period

 Religion and secularization were the dominant themes of the art forms.

3. American Period to Contemporary Art

 Modernism entered the field of art wherein Filipinos started to explore different materials,
methodologies, and techniques in expressing themselves through non-conventional art.
 Modern Art refers to the practice of art in the 1860s-1960s.
 The urbanization, consumerism, rise of the middle class, change in the political system,
secularization, and the emergence of new technology affected the way of art-making in that period.

Contemporary Art

 Refers to the recent and current practice of art ranging from the 1970s up to the present.
 It mirrors society and the culture of the present times.
 It uses a combination of different methods, materials, and ideas that transcend the traditional way
of art-making.

1. AESTHETIC OR ART APPRECIATION

 Aesthetics, the science of beauty in which the students learn to admire the artists, value highly
different works of art, and appreciate the role of art in society.

2. ART HISTORY
 The student acquires the knowledge of the artists, their backgrounds, their masterpieces, and their
significant contributions in various fields of art.

3. ART PRODUCTION

 The student learns to use his creativity and apply his artistic knowledge and skills in producing his
works of art.

4. ART CRITICISM

 The student learns to use his judgment in evaluating different artworks based on the criteria set.

The elements of art are the building blocks of all art. Every piece of art ever created includes one or
more of these elements. Learn about line, color, shape, form, value, space, and texture.

1. Line
 refers to a prolongation of a point, or a mark on a surface
2. Shape
 refers to an area with boundaries identified or drawn using lines

A. Organic shape can be irregular or rounded.

B. Geometric Shape is two dimensional

2.1 Mass / Form- refers to solid portions of a three-dimensional object Beginning Graphic Design:
Color: In this video, you’ll learn the basics of using color in graphic design

3. Color
 refers to the visual perception that allows a person to differentiate objects
Three properties of colors

1. Hue - refers to the basic or pure color and is represented in the color wheel.

2. Value - refers to the lightness and darkness of a color.

3. Saturation - refers to the brightness and dullness of a color.

Color Wheel - sets of colors are referred to as color schemes or color relationships.

Color Schemes:

Monochromatic - involves using the same hue but with different gradients of value.

Analogous - entails the use of three or four adjacent colors in the color wheel.
Complementary - involves the use of color and its complement - meaning the color located opposite of
the first color.

Split - Complementary - close relative to the complementary color scheme, but instead of using the
color's complement, this scheme uses the two colors adjacent to the complement.

Triadic- uses three colors that are equal distance with each other.

Tetradic- Also known as a double complementary color scheme, this uses two pairs of complementary
colors.

4. Value

o refers to lightness or darkness of an area

5. Texture

 refers to the feel or appearance of a surface

A. Actual Texture- can be felt tangibly based on the material that is used for the artwork
B. Implied Texture- can be exhibited

6. Space
 refers to the area that is occupied by an object or a subject

There are two types of perspective:

 Atmospheric perspective-utilizes the properties of light and air in depicting the illusion of distance;

 Linear perspective -involves the use of vanishing points and receding hidden lines.

7. Time and Motion

 movement in visual art can either be an illusion or an actual motion

1.Harmony

o A most essential factor in a composition
o Also called unity
o Achieved when all the elements of a thing are put together to come up with a coherent whole

2.Balance

o Known as physical equilibrium
o Stability produced by even distribution of weight on each side of the thing
o Classified as Formal and Informal Balance
A. Formal / Symmetrical Balance

o Exists if the weights at equal distance from the centers are equal

A.1 Bilateral Symmetry is present when the left and right sides appear the same.

A.2 Radial Symmetry exists when the same measure occurs from the central point to the end of every
radius.

B. Informal/Asymmetrical Balance
 An arrangement in which the elements are not symmetrically arranged, but still appear
balanced and stable
3.Rhythm
 Continuous use of a motif or repetitive pattern of a succession of similar or identical items.
4.Proportion
 Comparative relationship of the different parts to the whole
o Proper and pleasing relationship of one object with the others in a design

5.Emphasis
 Giving proper importance on one or more parts of the thing or the whole thing itself

Painting
 The process of applying color on a flat surface.
 Some materials that are used in the painting are watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil, pastel, and
charcoal.
 Surfaces for painting include wood, canvas, cardboard, and paper.
 Considered two-dimensional, meaning it only has height and weight.

Subject
 It is what the work of art depicts or represents.
 It may be a person, an object, a scene, or an event.
 The subject provides the answer to the question: What is the work of art all about?

Subject vs Content
 The subject matter is the literal, visible image in a work e.g., still life, portrait, landscape
while content includes the connotative, symbolic, and suggestive aspects of the image.
 Content is the communication o ideas, feelings, and reactions connected with the subject. It
is the ultimate reason for creating art.
 Themes of Painting / Subject Matter in the Visual Art
1.Genre Painting

 Portrays people on daily activities.

 Subjects include painting and harvesting rice, a young woman singing in front of guests, vendors,
and fiestas.

Planting Rice(1946) - Fernando Amorsolo

2.Historical Painting

 Depicts a scene from the past.

 Illustrate a part of the story or a significant event.
 Often has a lesson concerning national values.

First Mass at Limasawa - Carlos Botong Francisco

3. Interiors

 This refers to a painting of the space inside of a part of a house or a building.

 Usually reveals the social class of the family living in that particular house, as well as the traits of the
people living in it.

4. Nature
4.1 Landscape

 Depiction of outdoor or natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests.

Oil Painting - Landscape

4.2 Seascape

 Depicts the sea as its primary subject.

Seascape-Jetty- Acrylic Painting

4.3 Cityscape

 Urban scenery or the urban environment as its primary focus.

Street Umbrella Alone - Watercolor

4.4 Flora
 Flowers as its primary focus

Flower Nature Flora

4.5 Fauna

 Animal imagery as its primary subject matter

5. Portraits

 This refers to a painting portraying one or more specific individuals.

 Usually portrays the physical characteristics of the subject and seeks to show an understanding of
that person’s character.

by SoulofDavid on Deviant Art

6. Nudes

 Paintings that portray the unclothed human figure.

7.Religious Painting

 Common subjects include a lone religious image, lives of the saints, and scenes based on the
Scriptures like the nativity scene, and the Stations of the Cross.

8. Still Life

 This refers to a painting that depicts natural or man-made objects that form a composition in a
natural setting.

 Modern artists who still did still life paintings are Ang Kiukok, Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz, and Manuel
Baldemor. Each artist uses his style in portraying still life.

Still Life Fruit Maroon

9. Surrealistic

 The word "surreal" is associated with strange juxtapositions or absurd combinations, like those
experienced in dreams.
 An effort to make art ambiguous and strange.
 Images are recognizable but are combined with fantastic and unnatural relationships.
Surrealistic art by Daniel Merriam

10. Abstract Art

 Art in which the artist has started with some visible object and abstracted elements from it to arrive
at a more or less simplified or schematized form.
 Artists often "abstract" objects by changing, simplifying, or exaggerating what they see.
 Neo-realism , which involves creating representational figures that also look abstract;
 Workers, 1974 - Cesar Legaspi

 Hyper-realism or magic realism, in which the subject is painted in a highly realistic way that
resembles a photograph
 Hyper-Realistic Painting oil on canvas by Millani by fabianoMillani on DeviantArt\

 Social realism which entails creating paintings that depict socioeconomic and political problems

 Pablo Baen Santos

Krista
1984
Oil on canvas
Ateneo Art Gallery Collection

Sculpture

 Has three dimension-height,width,and depth.

 It is created by either carving or modeling or assembling parts.

General Kinds of Sculpture:

 Free-standing - kind of sculpture that can independently stand in space. It has a flat horizontal
base. Guillermo Tolentino`s Oblation is a classic example of this kind of sculpture.

U.P Oblation by Guillermo Tolentino

 Relief- kind of sculpture does not have a horizontal base. The form is projected from a flat surface.
There are two types of relief – low relief or bas-relief and high relief.

 Low relief or bas-relief (Links to an external site.)- this is now rather old-fashioned. A projecting
image with a shallow overall depth.

o High relief- the forms project at least half or more of their natural circumference from the
background and may in parts be completely disengaged from the ground. An example is
the Bronze sculpture of Jose Rizal at the entrance of the Rizal.
Contemporary Kinds of Sculpture

 Assemblage-formed by putting together materials such as found objects, pieces of paper, sponges,
wood scraps, and other materials. A good example of this is Lamberto Hechanova's Man and
Woman. (Links to an external site.)

 Kinetic Sculptures- sculpture in motion because the entire sculpture or some part of the sculpture is
moving with the wind or is vibrating with the surrounding air.

Chandeliers made of kiping in Lucban, Quezon are examples of mobile.

 Welded Sculptures-process of connecting sheets of metal together by using acetylene or electric

torch. Most sculptures of Eduardo Castrillo (Links to an external site.) are welded sculptures.

1974 Eduardo Castrillo – Seated Nude

 Use of Glass - Ramon Orlina and Imelda Papil started the use of glass in sculpture. Ramon
Orlina, considered as the "Father of Philippine Glass Sculpture" used glass in table pieces, murals,
and sculptures which are usually unified in the framework. On the other hand, Imelda Pilapil used
glass planed with irregular shapes and linear patterns.

Ramon Orlina "Father of Philippine Glass Sculpture"

 Symbolic Sculpture-A good example of Symbolic Sculpture is the interpretation of Abdulmari Imao
on Okir (Links to an external site.) design, which is a Maranao design tradition that is typically used
in woodcarving.

Abdulmari Imao on

 The Sculpture of Paete, Laguna(The Wood Carving Capital of the Philippines)

 Okir Design of Maranao
 Sarimanok of Maranao
 The hagabi of ifugao
 The Bul-ul of Ifugao

 The Giant Lantern Festival of Pampanga ( Christmas Capital of the Philippines)

 Weaving/ Textile Art
Maritime Transports are simple marine vessels made for the transport of goods ( cargo) and people by
sea and other waterways in the surrounding regions.

 Wooden Banca
o A boat made of wood and built with outriggers to support and stabilize it.
 o It is used for transport in daily activities such as going to the market to transport goods to other
places.

 Vinta Boat
o Locally known as lepa-lepa or sakayan, a traditional outrigger boat from Mindanao.

o It has a sail with assorted colors that represents the colorful culture and history of the Muslim
community.

 Literature - can be one of the following

 1. written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.
 2. books and writings published on a particular subject.
 3. leaflets and other printed matter used to advertise products or give advice.

 also, literature refers to writing considered to be an art form or any single writing
deemed to have artistic or intellectual value,
 often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage.

Introduction - Poetry and Prose

 Poetry
1. Poetry is a form of literary art which uses the aesthetic qualities of language
(including music, and rhythm) to evoke meanings beyond a prose paraphrase.
2. Poetry has traditionally been distinguished from prose by its being set in verse

Prose
1. Prose is cast in sentences, poetry in lines; the syntax of prose is dictated by
meaning, whereas that of poetry is held across meter or
the visual aspects of the poem.
2. Prose is a form of language that possesses ordinary syntax and natural
speech, rather than a regular metre; in which regard,
along with its presentation in sentences rather than lines, it differs from most
poetry

Poetry
1. Ethnic Tradition - This consists of ancient songs. epic narratives, maxims, and proverbs,
Prayers and invocations, and riddles.

 Epic - hero adventures, chants, code, and values for particular ethnic groups

ex: Region 1 The Ilocano Epic, "The Life of Lam-ang" - Pedro Bukaneg

Epic - The Life of Lam-ang.docx Download Epic - The Life of Lam-ang.docx

 Folk Song - melodic, expressing ideas

ex: Region 5 Bicol Folk Song, "Sarung Bangui" - Potenciano Gregorio

 Proverbs - talks about morality, tradition, usually rhyming pairs, usually hard to understand

ex: Region 3 Kapampangan Proverbs. Eka mamaronga nung eka bisang mituran (Do not cast stone if you
do not want to be stroke).

 Poetic Joust - or the "Balagtasan" or a contest of skills in the debate on a particular topic or issue

Music -
Contemporary music in the Philippines refers to compositions that have adopted ideas
and elements from 20th century
art music in the west, as well the latest trends and musical styles in the entertainment
industry.
 Popular music - some are originally composed by Filipinos which utilizes western and local musical
influences, fusion of rock gave birth to "Pinoy Pop"

Pinoy Rock - usually played with drums, electric guitars and synthesizers

ex: Apo Hiking Society 1969 - Batang bata ka pa

Dance - A part of performing arts, it is a movement that rhythmical to music, typically following a set
sequence

of steps.usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion,

releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself.

Introduction - One of the most basic motives of dance is the expression and communication of emotion.

In all the different dance forms, movement becomes dance through stylize and formal organization,

an organization that may be variously determined by an aesthetic idea

or by the function of the dance

1. Body ElementElements of Dance

2. Space

3. Time

4. Energy

5. Relationship

Dance from the Regions

1. Folk Dance

Courtship and Wedding Dance

A courtship dance is a ceremonial dance which involves the male pursuing the female. it is typically
performed during special occasions.

Wedding dances are performed by newlyweds. this performance aims to celebrate relationships that
have been newly-formed by the couple, their families and relatives

ex: Kumintang and Kuratsa

Game Dance

These folk dances are usually acted for fun, but have a set of rules and structures. usually done in
informal gatherings, these dances are also played to test the skills of the dancers

Ex: Tinikling is a traditional Philippine folk dance which originated during the Spanish colonial era

and Kadang kadang a traditional game which uses bamboo to race

Martial Dance

This type of folk dance is combative in nature and is used to enact a battle. it may exhibit unharmed
execution, or confrontation using arms or weapons

ex: Region ARM: Jolo, Sulu - Langka Silat is a dance simulation of a fight in graceful and flowing arm
movement
Langka, the term use to mean dance

Mimetic Dance

These are dances that aim to imitate actual or real life movements. it can be categorized into animal
dances and occupational dances.

ex: Region XI: Samal, Davao Region - The Langka

Ritual Dance

This involves dancing to spiritual beings and god. the shaman, who usually directs the dance, and the
supplicants perform the dance to ask for blessings, good health, or victory in war.

ex: Region Car: Ifugao - Rice Harvest Ritual

Social Dance

It is primarily performed to celebrate important milestone in life, and to make harvest. this is also
performed among Christians as a way of commemorating the feast of patron saint or visit of personages

ex: Region III: Bulacan - Viva San Isidro

Song Dance

This refers to a dance performed to a song which typically describes history and traditions of a
community. This dance involves acting out the meaning of the song using gestures and movements

ex: Region X: Lanao - The Singkil it is derived from a story in the Darangen, the pre-Islamic Maranao

interpretation of the ancient Hindu Indian epic, the Ramayana.

2. Ballet

Modern Ballet

Utilizes the technique and style of classical ballet in portraying contemporary content.

ex: Swan Lake. Choreographed to the music of Pyotr Illyich Tchaikovsky, this ballet masterpiece has been
a staple in the repertoire of the company since 1978.

Ballet Philippines opens the 50th Season with one of the most iconic classical ballets.

Opera Ballet

Defined as dance within the context of an opera

ex: Cinderella as choreographed by National Artist for Dance Alice Reyes.

Ballet Philippines is mounting of the timeless tale

Folkloric Ballet
A type of ballet that involves stylizing and editing stories, motifs, and styles found in the culture of
ordinary people, and adapting these materials to contemporary theater

ex: Lola Basyang - presents folktales based of local fables

3. Modern Dance and Other Forms of Dance

This refers to a dance form that emerged during 20th century.

Aerobic Dance- This is primarily dancing to the tune of a popular music with the purpose of increasing
consumption of oxygen over a long period of time.

Bodabil Dance-This form of dancing is popular during the american period.

Jazz Dance-This dance form uses African dance techniques like isolation of individual human body parts,
rhythm, and poly-centrism

Polynesian and Tahitian Dance-These dances began from the people living in the Polynesian chain,
which is comprised of seven major island groups in the southern pacific ocean

Tap Dance- This is a dance which entails tapping with toes and heels to generate rhythmic patterns

Elements of theater arts

Forms of Theater from the Regions

1. Dulang Pahiyang In this category, the theater is not viewed as a separate activity, but as part of life.

Rituals

ex: A ritual is described as a way to communicate with gods or spirits.

Duplo

ex: A duplo is described as a poetic debate, in which the balagtasan was derived from.
Bayok

ex: The bayok is a Maranao Mimetic joust. The theme of joust depends on the occasion

when the joust is to be performed

Balitaw

ex: The "balitaw" is a poetic debate between a man and a woman.

2. Dulambayan Also known as people's theater, this is considered "theater in the context of

social movements"

Drama Simboliko

ex: This refers to the allegorical nationalist drama which began during the American regime

Street Theater

ex: This refers to the theater that is presented outside of the theater building and without a stage area

3. Teatrong Pansimbahan This type of theater is concerned with spirituality. This is usually performed

depending on the events in the church calendar (Catholic-Protestant)

Komedya

ex: Two types of Komedya:

Secular- these are mostly found in fiestas or mass gathering and celebration, it tells a certain story of
when

Queen Elena and the Emperor Constantino went to look for the Holy Cross.

Religious- or also called Komedya de Santo it focuses on the life of Jesus Christ and other saints, it
typically uses

extravagant costumes to fully emphasize God and the way we treat Him and our Saints with utmost
praises.

Flores

ex:Flores, which is presented in the month of May, has three variations: a festival of flowers

in honor of Mary (Flores de Mayo), the everyday offering of flowers to the image of the Virgin (alay),
or the closing procession on the last Sunday of May (Flores de Maria)

Huling Hapunan

ex:This is an actual supper enacted to commemorate the Last Supper of Jesus with his disciples on the
night before His crucifixion

Moriones

ex:This is a short street play portraying the capture and beheading of Roman soldier Longinus, who was
involved in the crucifixion of Jesus Christ

Paghuhugas ng Paa

ex: This short ritual reenacts Christ washing the feet of his disciples before the last supper

Panunuluyan ex:

This is a procession that reenacts Mary and Joseph's search for an inn in Bethlehem

Film - it is the sequence of a moving pictures that shows on television or in a cinema

Introduction - also called movie, motion picture or moving picture, is a visual art-form used to
simulate experiences that communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere
through the use of moving images.
The word "cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer to film-making and the film
industry, and to the art form that is the result of it.

Elements of Film
1. Time
Physical
This refers to the time for an action to take place as it is being filmed and projected on the screen.
This can be altered through accelerated motion, slow motion, stop motion, and reverse motion.
Psychological
this refers to the impression of the viewer on how long does it take for a certain action to take place,
how he/she feels when watching that particular action.
Dramatic Time
This signifies the timeline of events portrayed in the film
2. Space
Scale
This aspect indicates the size of the objects on the screen and how these objects relate to the area
surrounding them.
it may also involve where the camera is the position in taking the shot.
Shooting Angle
This denotes the location or angle from where the camera records the scene.
shots may be taken with the camera directed vertically downwards, upwards, or horizontally.
Lighting
The position of lights can affect how the illusion of depth is created in the film.
the relationship of light and dark on the object can give that illusion of depth to the object.
3. Sound
aside from dialogue, sound also includes background music, the melodies, and silence.

4. Techniques of Cinema
Cutting or Editing
This involves one shot with another, making sure that these two are logically connected.
Camera movement
This is done in order to have a smoother change of view, to help in the gradual growth of emotion, or to
simulate a familiar experience
Framing
this helps in bringing balance to the film as it is being viewed

Film from the Regions

1. Action this American-influenced type of film mainly uses physical conflicts as emphasis
Ang Probinsyano is an example of an action movie led by Fernando Poe Jr.
2. Animation a film that involves creating illusions or inanimate images and bring them to life
RPG metanoia is an example of an animation movie voiced by Zaijan Jaranilla as Nick
3. Bomb A film that primarily nudity and sex
Rigodon is an example of a bomb film starring Yam Concepcion
4. Documentary a modern picture that narrates or discusses news events.
a. Film journalism - reports events based on facts and gives emphasis on timelines
b. General interest film - primarily informs the public on a particular subject (travelogue)
c. Nature documentaries - which brings knowledge about the physical world
d. Committed documentaries - tackles social problems and issues like injustice and
poverty
e. Cinema direct - which presents reality using a unique point of view, language, and
technique
Himala is an example of a Documentary/Drama Film led actress by Nora Aunor as Elsa
5. Drama this refers to a motion picture that dwells on personal problems and conflicts
Seven sundays is an example of a Drama Film starring Ronaldo Valdez, Aga Muhlach, Dingdong Dantes...
6. Experimental this type of film attempts to create radically innovative or something that is never done
before with the camera
Mula sa Kung Ano ang Noon an example of a Drama/Experimental Film starring Perry Dizon... Running
time 338 minutes
7. Fantasy this film depicts scene in an imaginary world
Darna an example of a Fantasy Film starring Rosa Del Rosario
8. Horror shown to bring fear to the audience
Shake Rattle and Roll series is an example of a Horror Film
9. Comedy the aim of this film is to induce laughter in the audience
a. Romantic comedy - a love story that is presented with music and humor, usually
focuses on chance encounters, mistaken identity, & use of disguises
b. Slapstick comedy - focuses on using a physical or psychological defect, or on using ill-mannered
behavior of characters as sources of laughter
Kimmy Dora is an example of a Comedy Film starring Eugene Domingo
10. Musical this is essentially a romantic comedy that is presented with dances, skits, and song
I Do bidoo bidoo is an example of a Musical Film
11. Historical this type of film shows actual events that occurred in the past

WHAT IS A NATIONAL ARTIST?

 A Filipino citizen who has been given the rank and title of National Artist in recognition of his or her
significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts and letters.
 The rank and title of National Artists are conferred through a Presidential Proclamation. It
recognizes excellence in the fields of Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film and
Broadcast Arts, and Architecture or Allied Arts.

WHAT IS THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS?

 Those who have been proclaimed National Artists are given a Grand Collar symbolizing their status.
Recipients of this Grand Collar make up the Order of National Artists. The Order of National Artists
(Orden ng Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is thus a rank, a title, and a wearable award that
represents the highest national recognition given to Filipinos who have made distinct contributions
in the field of arts and letters.
 It is jointly administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the
Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and is conferred by the President of the Philippines upon
recommendation by both institutions.

THE INSIGNIA OF THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS

The insignia of the Order of the National Artists is composed of a Grand Collar featuring circular links
portraying the arts, and an eight-pointed conventionalized sunburst suspended from a Sampaguita
wreath in green and white enamel.

 The central badge is a medallion divided into three equal portions, red, white, and blue, recalling
the Philippine flag, with three stylized letters Ks—the “KKK” stands for the CCP’s motto:
“katotohanan, kabutihan, at kagandahan” (“the true, the good, and the beautiful”), as coined by
then-first lady Mrs. Imelda Romualdez Marcos, the CCP’s founder.
 The composition of the Grand Collar is silver-gilt bronze. In place of a rosette, there is an enameled
pin in the form of the insignia of the order.

WHEN WAS THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS CREATED?

It was established under Presidential Proclamation No. 1001, s. 1972 (Links to an external site.), which
created the Award and Decoration of National Artist, “to give appropriate recognition and prestige to
Filipinos who have distinguished themselves and made outstanding contributions to Philippine arts and
letters,” and which posthumously conferred the award on the painter Fernando Amorsolo, who had
died earlier that year.
LEGAL BASIS OF THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS

 Proclamation No. 1144, s. 1973

 Executive Order No. 236 s. 2003
 Executive Order No. 435, s. 2005 amended Section 5 (IV) of EO 236,

CRITERIA FOR THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS

1. Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination, as well as those who died after the
establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death;
2. Artists who, through the content and form of their works, have contributed in building a Filipino
sense of nationhood;
3. Artists who have pioneered in a mode of creative expression or style, thus earning distinction and
making an impact on succeeding generations of artists;
4. Artists who have created a substantial and significant body of work and/or consistently displayed
excellence in the practice of their art form thus enriching artistic expression or style; and
5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through:

• prestigious national and/or international recognition, such as the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining, CCP
Thirteen Artists Award, and NCCA Alab ng Haraya;

• critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works;

• respect and esteem from peers.

HONORS AND PRIVILEGES

1. The rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines;
2. The insignia of a National Artist and a citation;
3. A lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable in value to those received by
the highest officers of the land such as:
4. a cash award of One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) net of taxes, for living awardees;
5. a cash award of Seventy Five Thousand Pesos (P75,000.00) net of taxes, for posthumous awardees,
payable to legal heir/s;
6. a monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits;
7. life insurance coverage for Awardees who are still insurable;
8. a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng Mga Bayani;
9. a place of honor, in line with particular precedence, at national state functions, and recognition at
cultural events.

National Artist Award for Fashion design

 Ramon Valera

National Artist for Literature

 Carlos Quirino
 Lazaro Francisco
 Nick Joaquin

National Artist for Dance

 Alice Reyes
 Leonor OrosaGoquingco

National Artist for Music

 Levi Celerio
  Lucio San Pedro
 Ryan Cayabyab

National Artist for Architecture

 Leandro Locsin
 Ildefonso P. Santos
 Pablo S. Antonio

National Artist for Film

 Ronald Alan K Poe.

ABOUT GAMABA;
Also known as National Living Treasures Award

 The award was institutionalized in 1992 through RA. No. 7355

 The (NCCA) The National Commission for Culture and Arts implemented this award.
 The award is conferred upon a Filipino citizen or group of Filipino citizens engaged in any traditional
art uniquely Filipino.
 The award was first given to three outstanding artists in music and poetry in 1993.
 Its roots came from the 1988 National Folk Artists Award which was organized by the Rotary Club of
Makati-Ayala.

ABOUT THE NCCA:

How does one become a Manlilikhang Bayan?

To become a “Manlilikhang Bayan,” the candidate must possess the following qualifications:

 He/she is an inhabitant of an indigenous/ traditional cultural community anywhere in the

Philippines that has preserved indigenous customs, beliefs, rituals, and traditions and/ or has
syncretized whatever external elements that have influenced it.
 He/she must have engaged in a folk art tradition that has been in existed and documented for at
least fifty(50) years.
 He/she must have consistently performed or produced over a significant period, works of superior
and distinctive quality.
 He/she must possess a mastery of tools and materials needed by the art, and must have an
established reputation in the art as master and maker of works of extraordinary technical quality.
 He/she must have passed on and/or will pass on to the other members of the community their skills
in the folk art for which the community is traditionally known.
The significance of GAMABA

 The main objective of the award is to honor and support traditional folk artists and to see to it that
their skills and crafts are preserved.
 The award is tied with a program that ensures the transfer of their skills to new generations and the
promotion of the craft both locally and internationally.

A traditional artist who possesses all the qualities of a Manlilikhang Bayan candidate, but due to age or
infirmity has left him/her incapable of teaching his/her craft, may still be recognized if:

 He/she had created a significant body of works and/ or has consistently displayed excellence in the
practice of his/her art, thus achieving important contributions for its development.
 He/she has been instrumental in the revitalization of his/her community’s artistic tradition.

 He/she has passed on the other members of the community skills in the folk art for which the
community is traditionally known.
 His/her community has recognized him/her as a master and teacher of his/her craft.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF GAMABA

The Manlilikhang Bayan is a link between the past, in which his/her traditional folk art found fertile soil
for growth, and the future, during which he/she seeks his/her art to be permanently sustained.

It becomes his/her responsibility therefore to undertake the ff;

 To transfer the skills of his/her traditional folk art to the younger generation through apprenticeship
and such other training methods as are found to be effective.
 To cooperate with the implementing agency, as provided for in Section 7 of this Act, in the
promotion and propagation of his/ her traditional folk arts; and.
 To donate to the National Museum a sample or copy of his/her work.

THE GAMABA FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS

The Award shall be given in each, but not limited to the ff. categories of traditional folk
arts:

 Folk Architecture
 Maritime Transports
 Weaving
 Carving
 Performing Art
 Literature
 Graphic and Plastic Arts
 Ornament
 Textile or Fiber Art
 Pottery
THE GAMABA FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS

EDUARDO MUTUC

2005 AWARDEE – REG. 3 / PROVINCE – PAMPANGA

 CREATES RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR ART IN SILVER, BRONZE, AND WOOD.

 WORKS INCLUDE RERABLOS, MIRRORS, ALTARS, AND CAROSAS IN CHURCH AND PRIVATE
COLLECTION.
 EXPERTISE INCLUDE SCULPTURE AND METALWORKS/CRAFT.

DARHATA SAWABI

2005 AWARDEE – REG. ARMM / PROVINCE – SULU

 A TAUSUG WEAVER OF PIS SYABIT – THE TRADITIONAL CLOTH TAPESTRY WORD AS HEAD COVER.
 PIS SYABIT IS A HANDWOVEN SQUARE MEASURING 39-40 INCHES, TAKES 3 MONTHS TO WEAVE.
 EXPERTISE INCLUDE HEADDRESS WEAVING, NATIVE ATTIRE, BAGS, AND OTHER ACCESSORIES.

HAJA AMINA APPI

2005 AWARDEE – REG. ARMM / PROVINCE – TAWI TAWI

 RECOGNIZED AS A MASTER MAT WEAVER AMONG SAMA INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY.

 TECHNIQUES –STRAIGHTNESS OF HER EDGING (TABIG) , AND FINENESS OF HER SASA AND KIMA-
KIMA

LANG DULAY

1998 AWARDEE – REG. 12 / PROVINCE – SOUTH COTABATO

 A T’BOLI TRADITIONAL WEAVER OR TINALAK OR T’BOLI CLOTH MADE OF COLORFUL ABACA FIBERS
 DESIGN INCLUDES BULINGLANGIT (CLOUDS) , BANKIRING (HAIR BANGS), AND KABANGI (BUTTERFLY)

SALINTA MONON

1998 AWARDEE – REG. 11 / PROVINCE – DAVAO DEL SUR

 A TAGABANWA-BAGOBO TRADITIONAL WEAVER OF DISTINCT ABACA FABRICS CALLED INABAL

 WORKS INCLUDE HAND-WOVEN TUBE SKIRT OF BAGOBO, WHICH THE SINUKLA AND BANDIRA.
ALSO, INCLUDE THE BINUWAYA (CROCODILE DESIGN) WHICH IS HARDEST TO MAKE

FEDERICO CABALLERO

2000 AWARDEE – REG. 6 / PROVINCE – ILOILO

 A SULOD BUKIDNON EPIC CHANTER FROM KALINOG, ILOILO

 HE IS CONSIDERED AS A BANTUGAN, A PERSON WHO HAS ATTAINED DISTINCTION.
MASINO INTARAY

1993 AWARDEE – REG. 4B / PROVINCE – PALAWAN

 A PROLIFIC AND PRE-EMINENT EPIC CHANTER AND STORYTELLER.

 HE IS RECOGNIZED FOR HIS OUTSTANDING MASTERY OF VARIOUS TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENT SUCH
AS BASAL, KULILA, AND BAGIT.

MAGDALENA GAMAYO

2012 AWARDEE – REG. 1/ PROVINCE – ILOCOS NORTE

 MASTER WEAVER WHO MAKES INABEL, AND ILOKANO HANDWOVEN CLOTH.

 DURING WW2 SHE USED TO SPIN HER OWN COTTON AND BRUSHED IT WITH BEESWAX.