1

12
CONTEMPORARY
PHILIPPINE ARTS
FROM THE REGIONS
Quarter 1
Module 2:

VARIouS ART FORMS

in the
Philippines

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I. TITLE OF MATERIAL/INTRODUCTION:
The arts are described as means of expression that require imagination and/or skill in making aesthetic
objects or encounters that can be shared with other people. These may also be used to entertain or persuade
other people as these aesthetic objects and encounters create beauty. The arts include visual arts,
architecture, literature, music, dance, theater, and cinema or film.

II. OBJECTIVES:
Discuss various art forms found in the Philippines (CAR11/12IAC-0b-2)

POST-COLONIAL ART CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL

ERA
REALISM
POST-COLONIAL ART MODERN National identity
ART
COLONIAL ART JAPANE Orientilizin COLONIAL ART
SE ART g
COLONIAL ART AMERICA Secular COLONIAL ART
N ART Forms of
Arts
COLONIAL ART SPANISH Faith & COLONIAL ART
ART Cathecism
PRE-COLONIAL ISLAMI Geometric PRE-COLONIAL ART
Designs
ART C ART
ETHNI Integral PRE-COLONIAL ART
C ART to life

POST-COLONIAL ART TRANSITION PHASE

-PHILIPPINE MODERN ART (1946-1970)

-PHILIPPINE POST-MODERN ART (1970-1980)
-PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY ART (early 1970s-PRESENT)

During the 1970’s up to the present, artists began combining different art forms and media. An artists may
now combine two visual art forms, such as painting and sculpture. An artist may also integrate two or more
different art forms, such as sculpture and music. Integrating two or more forms of performing arts is still
common nowadays, even though that performing arts are already integrated before the 1970’s

Why we study “art” ?

1. Art is a Natural Behavior

2. Art is Communication
3. Art is Healing
4. Art Tells Our Story
5. Art is a Shared Experience

What is Contemporary Art or ConArt?

Contemporary art provides an opportunity to reflect on contemporary society and the issues relevent to
ourselves, and the world around us. Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse,
and technologically advancing world.

Contemporary Art is a statement that an artist make about life, thoughts, ideas, beliefs and amny other
things that define human life.

Their art is dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts, and subjects that challenge traditional
bounderies and defy easy definition.

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Strictly speaking, the term “contemporary art” refers to art made and produced by artists living today.
Today’s artists work in and respond to a global environment that is culturally diverse, technologically
advancing and multifaceted. Working in a wide range of mediums, contemporary artists often reflect and
comment on modern-day society.

Characteristics of Contemporary Art:

1. Bold strokes, bright colors.

2. Abstract, Expressionist and Surrealist.
3. Art became public.
4. Some artists were self-taught.
5. Different materials were used instead of the traditional ones.
6. Originality is not an issue in Contemporary Art.
7. Process is important.

3 CATEGORIES OF ART FORMS in the

PHILIPPINES

1. THE VISUAL ART

-“appealing”

In order to understand how to describe a painting or a sculpture, it is important to

comprehend first the visual elements of art. These visual elements of art are line, color, shape,
space, value, texture, time and motion.

Line

This refers to a prolongation of a point or a mark on a

surface. Solid lines can be used in order to define form while
broken lines are typically used to suggest hidden forms.

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Shape and Mass

This element refers to an area with boundaries identified

or drawing lines. A shape may be natural or living forms
called an organic shape and can be irregular or rounded.
It may also be measured forms called geometric shape.
In contrast to shape which is
two-dimensional, mass refers to solid portions of a three-
dimensional object.

Color

This refers to visual perception that allows a person to differentiate objects due to the way
various wavelengths of light are reflected. Color is a very important element because it can
communicate information and emotion to the viewer. These are the three properties of color:

 Hue, which refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented in the color wheel.
 Value, which refers to the lightness and darkness of color. A light color or tint is the
result of adding white to a hue, while a dark color or shade results from adding black
to a hue.
 Saturation, which refers to brightness and dullness of color. It is also referred to as
purity of the color. A bright color can be produced by adding more pigment to the
same hue, while a dull color can be produced by adding gray or the color’s
complement to the pigment.

The color wheel is an arrangement of primary, secondary

and tertiary colors. It is important tool to identify which colors
can work well if used in a certain artwork which is the color
schemes or color relationships. These are some of the color
schemes:

Color Schemes

 Monochromatic – involves using the same hue but with different gradients of
value.
 Analogous – entails the use of three or four adjacent colors in the color
wheel.
 Complementary – involves the use of a color and its complement
-meaning the color located opposite of the first color.
 Split-complementary – a close relative to the complementary color scheme.
But instead of using the color’s complement, this scheme uses the two colors
adjacent to the complement.
 Triadic – uses three colors that are of equal distance with each other.
 Tetradic – also known as double complementary color scheme, this uses two
pairs of complementary colors.

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Texture

This element refers to the feel or appearance of a surface. A.

person may describe as actual or implied. Actual texture can be
felt tangibly based on the material that is used for the artwork
while implied texture can be exhibited, for instance, in a painting
of fur of an animal.

Value

This element refers to lightness or darkness of an area. This is evident in creating shadows
for a two-dimensional object to give an illusion of depth.

Space

Space refers to the area that is occupied by an object or a subject, as well as the area
surrounding that object or subject. An illusion of space can still be created in a two-
dimensional surface using perspective. There are two types of perspective: atmospheric
perspective, which utilizes the properties of light and air in depicting the illusion of distance;
and linear perspective, which involves the use of vanishing points and receding hidden lines.

Time and Motion

Movement in the visual arts can either be an illusion or an actual motion. An illusion of
movement is more common in two-dimensional artworks. On the other hand, actual motion is
easily seen in kinetic sculpture that moves with the wind or are vibrating with the surrounding
air.

The term “visual arts” encompasses a wide range of forms created by Filipinos. It ranges from Western-
influenced visual art forms to works created by folk and indigenous people. Traditionally, these visual art
forms include painting, and sculpture. However, there are other functional visual art forms in the country
that need to be appreciated as well. Some of these forms include advertising art, basketry, metalcraft, mat
weaving, pottery, and textile weaving.

PAINTING refers to the process of applying color on a flat surface. Forms can be created using a wide
variety of materials such as watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil, pastel, and charcoal. Surfaces for painting include

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wood, canvas, cardboard, and paper. Painting is considered two-dimensional, meaning it only has height and
width.

FORMS OF PAINTING:

The easel painting is perhaps the most common form

of painting which involves applying color to a board
or canvas that is fixed on an upright support called an
easel. These are meant to be framed and hanged on a
wall after creating them.

A mural is described as a huge wall-sized

painting used to impart messages to the public.
A new form of mural which is a portable mural,
was developed in order to prevent the mural
from being erased from the wall which was
created by using bold strokes in applying bright
colors on pieces of cheesecloth or canvas.

Telon Painting. A telon is describes as a

backdrop or background for the stage which are
used for komedya, sarswela, and sinakulo the
popular forms of theater in the country.
The telon painting wall hanging is capable
of representing various themes, and is
manufactured by combining pure natural
feathers and telon, which represents natural and
original texture, achieves a vivid artistic effect,
and coordinates with and accords with the
themes.

Jeepney and Calesa Painting. The calesa is

typically painted using one color. The borders
of the calesa are decorated with geometric
patterns, repetitive patterns, and/or thin lines.
Jeepney painting evolved from calesa painting.
In a typical jeepney, a logo, number, or painting
is covered near the driver’s seat, as well as near
the seats adjacent to it.

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Collage. This refers to a form of painting that

involves combine images in a single artwork.
This entails cutting and pasting materials such
as paper, fabric, tin foil and otherrelatively flat
materials onto a board or canvas.

THEMES OF PAINTING:

Genre Painting
Genre painting portrays people in daily
activities.During the contemporary period, genre
painting took several directions. One of these new
approaches is folk genre, which mainly focuses on the
everyday activities of the folk. Another approach is
using the style of cubism in depicting folk or urban
subjects. On the other hand, folk-naive is another
style wherein it uses a lot of color and spontaneity.

“Under the Mango Tree”(1941) by Fernando Amorsolo

Historical Painting

The historical painting depicts a scene from the past. It often has a lesson concerning
national values.

Interiors

This refers to painting of the space inside of a part of a house or a building. This usually
reveals the social class of the family living in that particular house, as well as the traits of the
people living in it.

Landscapes

These painting portrays natural scenery or urban scenes. Mixed media is now used in
creating landscape paintings. Closely related to landscapes are seascapes, which focus on large
bodies of water, particularly the ocean or the sea.

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Portraits

This refers to a painting portraying one or more specific individuals. This usually portrays
the physical characteristics of the subject and seeks to show an understanding of that person’s
character.

Nudes

These are paintings that portray the unclothed human figure. Nowadays, a wide variety of
materials and styles can be used in painting nudes. Nude painting sessions are conducted in
galleries.

Religious Painting
Common subjects of religious painting
includes a lone religious image, lives of the
saints, and scenes based from the Scriptures like
the Nativity scene, and the Station of the
Cross.

Still Life

This refers to a painting that depicts natural or man-made objects that form a composition
in a natural setting. A lot of styles can be used by artists in painting, ranging from Baroque and
Rococo, to impressionism, expressionism, and abstract. Neo-realism involves creating
representational figures that also look abstract; hyperrealism or magic realism, the subject is
painted in a highly realistic way that it resembles a photograph and social realism entails
creating paintings that depicts socioeconomic and political problems.

Vicente Manansala (1910 - 1981) : Still life - fish

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CALLIGRAPHY
It is the art of writing letters in a manner that it looks
visually appealing.

SCULPTURE is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts.
Durable sculptural processes originally used carving and modelling; in stones, metals, ceramics, woods and
other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.
In contrast to painting, sculpture has three dimensions – height, width, and depth. It is created by
eithercarving, modelling, or assembling partstogether.

GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE:

Free-standing

This is a kind of sculpture that can

independently stand in space. It has a flat
horizontal base. All its sides contribute to the
overall form of the sculpture.

“The Oblation” by Guillermo Tolentino

Relief
This kind of sculpture does not have a
flat horizontal base. The form is projected
from a flat surface. There are two types of
relief – low relief or bas-relief which is
slightly from the flat surface; and high
relief. Cagayan de Oro’s Legendary River
Monster is an example of relief sculpture.

The Mysterious ORO, Cagayan de Oro's Legendary River

Monster - Tsada Cagayan de Oro

Assemblage
This sculpture is formed by putting together
materials such as found objects, pieces of paper, sponges,
wood scraps, and other materials. A good example of this
is Lamberto Hechanova’s Man and Woman.

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Lamberto Hechanova’s Man and Woman.

Kinetic Sculpture
This is considered as a sculpture in
motion because the entire sculpture or some
parts of the sculpture are moving with the
wind or are vibrating with the surrounding
air.

Kinetic Sculpture by Rica Racquel

Welded Sculptures
Creating these sculptures involve the
process of. connecting sheets of metal
together by using an acetylene or electric
torch.

Daniel de la Cruz's Touchstone of Modern Sculpture

Use of Glass
A kind of sculpture where the medium
of expression used by the artist is glass.

Glass Sculptures by Ramon Orlina

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Symbolic Sculpture

It is a kind of sculpture in which an

abstract idea is represented by means of
allegory and personification.

“Time” by Jefrë

OTHER FORMS OF VISUAL ART:

Aside from painting and sculpture, other visual forms can be seen in every region in the country. Some of
them are even used by people on a regular basis. The following are some of the visual arts used by various
companies and offices:

ADVERTISING ART. This refers to using

paid space or time in any of the media to
inform and influence the public. This is
used to encourage the public to patronage
certain goods and services or to support
policiesor persons.

It's Fun in the Philippines - Philippine Cultural Foundation,

Inc.
SINGKABAN. Filipino word for
decorated bamboo arch, is used as a
welcome signage of a town, city or
village in the country. It is widely used
as decoration during town fiestas in
Bulacan.

BOOK DESIGN. Book design involves structuring and reproduction of bound pages that are filled with text
and/or images, and are protected by hard or soft covers.

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EMBROIDERY. This refers to the art of

stitching ornaments on cloth by hand.

FOOD ART. This involves packaging

and/or presentation of food in an artistic
way. Food art involves enhancing the food
itself or its packaging in an artistic way.

KOMIKS AND EDITORIAL CARTOON. Both komiks and editorial cartoon involve illustrations of stories
or events. However, an editorial cartoon is a single-frame illustration that may either makes fun of political
leaders or institutions, or comments on current events. The komiks, on the other hand, may use single or
multiple frames with conversations of people or animals placed inside “balloons”.

LEAF ART is used in religious rituals, food

wrapping, and even as a form of modern
artistic expression. This makes leaf art
different from basketry.

PUNI – is the art of leaf fronds folding. It

refers to the dying art of coconut leaf weaving.
This is a tagalog term which means to beautify or
decorate with coco leaf. It is used as food
container for suman or puso, palaspas or a toy.

MAT WEAVING This refers to the art of “plaiting strips of organic fibers into mats”. These mats, locally
known as banig, are cool, light, and portable compared to fixed beds.

METALCRAFT. This includes all objects made from metal using the processes of brass casting and
blacksmithing, tinsmithing, or goldsmithing and silversmithing. 

 Brass casting and blacksmithing This process involves casting and forging pieces of brass or bronze.
Anting-anting or amulets are also created using this process.

 Goldsmithing and silversmithing These processes involves the use of gold and silver in creating
objects and ornaments.
 Tinsmithing can be easily seen in creating jeepneys, kalesas, and cariton or ice cream cart.

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PAPER ART. This involves the processes of

cutting, pasting recycling, and/or
constructing of objects from paper. Paper art
used to be limited with folk paper art such as
taka and higante from Angono, parol,
pastillas, wrappings, and kites.

Taka refers to papier-mâché made using carved wooden

sculpture used as a mold. The craft originated in the town of
Paete, Laguna in the Philippines.

Pabalat is a form of papercutting originating in the province

of Bulacan in the Philippines. It involves making intricate
papercut designs from wrappers used in pastillas, usually papel
de hapon or japanese paper.

PHOTOGRAPHY. This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive chemical plate or
film. Photographs are taken to serve as portraits and as propaganda which is highly useful medium for an
artist.

PRINTMAKING. This refers to transferring images from a firm surface, such as metal or wood , to a
pliable surface, such as cloth or paper, using pressure. This is different from production because print
making involves making the plate either by hand (of the artist) or mixed with mechanical means.

TATTOO ART. This refers to a body

adornment permanently engraved on the
skin using a sharp instrument and plant
dyes or inks.

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TEXTILE WEAVING. This refers to the

process of creating cloth by interweaving a
series of parallel vertical threads with
another series of horizontal threads at right
angles.

2. APPLIED ART
- “ functional”

ARCHITECTURE is considered to be one of the most functional branches of the visual arts. We can freely
see architecture in our surroundings because architecture involves designing the form of a building while
allowing the building to serve its function. It is considered to be the “art to inhabit.”

FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE:

Domestic Buildings and Houses

Apartment. This refers to a building composed of many residences called units. This is usually built in
populated urban areas. Nowadays, in order to maximize the use of space and because of the increased
buying power of the population, condominiums were developed. These condominiums are larger offshoots
of apartments.

Bahay na Bato. The bahay na bato is considered

to be a residence of the wealthy. A typical two-
storey bahay na bato generally has a ground floor
that is made of brick or stone and has a wooden
upper level. The windows and the level have
grilles, while the windows at the upper level have
sliding shutters. The roof of a typical bahay na
bato slants on four sides.

Barong-barong. The barong-barong are houses of the landless poor that are built on any land or area. These
are usually found near the esteros, riverbanks, and bayshores; spaces along high walls, railroad tracks;
spaces near abandoned buildings, and garbage dumps; or any vacant lot. Some of these barong-barong are
built underbridges.

Bungalow. This refers to one-story house with a wide front porch and large windows. It may also have a
terrace, which may be roofed or not.
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Ethnic Houses

Bahay Kubo. The bahay kubo is

considered as an ethnic house of Christian
peasant families living in the lowland
areas. This is typically owned by families
belonging in low income groups.

Houseboat. The houseboat is basically a boat that

also serves as dwelling. The Badjaos or Sama Laut
typically reside in houseboats.

One-and-a-Half Story House. The one-and-a-half story is characterized by an upper level or story covering
just a half of the lower level. This may also become a split-level house if half of the ground level is higher in
such a way that it is halfway between the ground level and the upper level.

Split-level House. The split-level house in the Philippines has two main levels. The lower level houses has
the kitchen, living and dining areas, while the upper level has the bedrooms. These levels are separated
byabout half or less-than-half a story.

Tsalet. The Philippine tsalet refers to a suburban

house that has one story, a two-story house with
living quarters on the upper level, or an elevated
one-story house. The term tsalet came from the term
“chalet” which refers to a peasant house in
Switzerland that has upper levels jutting over the
lower levels, a steep roof and a decorated gable.

Commercial Buildings

Market(Palengke) This refers to a place or

building for buying and selling goods. This is
also referred to as tindahan, and tiyangge.
Nowadays, the palengke has evolved into the
supermarket,which puts the wet market and the
grocery together in the same complex. The mall,
or galleria, is considered a more recent evolved
form of the palengke.

Buildings that house banks, business offices, and factories. These buildings have plain wall surfaces and
large windows. These also have bold rectangular formsand clean lines.
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Government Buildings

Capitol(Kapitolyo) This refers to the

building of the provincial government.
Most of the kapitolyo in the country use
columns and pediments in the exterior of
the buildings.

TownHall(Munisipyo) This refers to the building of the municipal government. The offices of the mayor,
the municipal council, the municipal court and jail, and other important offices such as the municipal
registrar’s office are located here. There are some instances, however, when the municipal court and jail are
housed in a separate building called tribunal.

Public Buildings and Structures

School(Eskwelahan) This refers to a place where young people are educated to become productive
members of the community. The most common style of the eskwelahan is American-influenced, which
featured a concrete structure elevatedon stilts.

Kamalig The Kamalig is the Tagalog term for a building used for storing grain. This is considered to be the
most economically significant structure among the tribes in Northern Philippines. In some provinces,
especially those in the lowland areas, the bahay kubo or nipa hut can be usedas a form of kamalig.

Masjid The masjid or mosque refers to a

place of worship of the Muslims. A typical
Philippine mosque has the following
features: a tower called minaret, a prayer
niche called mihrab, the dome, arches that
are reinforced with pillars, and a pulpit
called mimbar.

Cemetery(Sementeryo) The cemetery isa place where people bury the dead. It has other names, such as
kampo santo, pantyon, and libingan. A cemetery had a small chapel and vaults or nichos surrounding the
chapel. Nowadays, memorial parks are developed.

Church(Simbahan) The simbahan is a place of worship for a Christian congregation. How a church was
designed usually depends on the religious denomination it belongs.

MovieHouse(Sinehan) The sinehan is a place where people watch film ormotion pictures.

Theatre(Teatro) The teatro is a building for dance, musical, and theatrical presentations. This is different
from an auditorium because the teatro is essentially a separate building compared to the former.

Other Forms and Structures

Fort (Kuta) These are structures that are built to defend a community against enemies. These are usually
found in areas with natural barriers, such as cliffs, hills, narrow passes, mountains, and waters.

Lighthouse (Parola) The lighthouse is a structure built on an island, peninsula, or rock to ensure that
shipswill be able to pass through a narrow area safely.

Bridge(Tulay) The tulay is a horizontal structure that serves as a passageway between two areas separated
by a body of water, a hollow area, or a road.
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Throughout Philippines history, both foreign and Filipino architects introduce innovationswhenit
comestocreatingbuildingsandlarge structures.Even though the design of buildings and homes are still
Western-inspired, architects started to appreciate Filipino social traditions and cultural values. In fact, local
materials were used by architects like Francisco Mañosa, a Filipino architect considered as one of the most
influential Filipino architects of the 20th century, in designing homes and buildings. In addition to that, they
sought ways to express these traditions and values in architecture.

POTTERY is a general term for decorative

and useful.. objects.made from clay and set
off at high temperatures. This is frequently
interchanged with “ceramics”. However, it
is important to note that application of
ceramics is wider and even includes
industrial use.

 Earthenware or Terracotta This type of pottery is made from clay and is usually fired at 1,700-
2,100ᵒF.
 Stoneware. This type of pottery is made from clay and feldspar.
 Porcelain. This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay that is extra fine, white and
feldspar.

COSTUMES. These are garments, hairstyles, and accessories that are worn by individual members in a
particular society.

PERSONAL ORNAMENTS. These are objects that are worn on the humanbody. Jewelry falls under this
form. These are worn either to enhance a part of the body of the wearer, to exhibit rank or status, or to
symbolize ritualistic and emotional states.

BASKETRY. This refers to the art of

creating containers by weaving, plaiting, or
braiding materials into hollow three-
dimensional shapes that can either be used
for carrying, storage and trapping animals.

FURNITURE. These are decorative and functional objects which are typically found in a public or private
dwelling or building. These are also known as muebles or kasangkapan.

BAMBOO ART. This refers to works made

of bamboo that may be used for everyday
purposes, for decorations or ornaments.

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3. PERFORMING ARTS
- “most entertaining form of art”

It forms of creative activity that are performed in front of an audience, such as drama, music and dnace. Of
all the different forms of art, it is much appreciated and enjoyed by people.

MUSIC

It is an arrangement of sounds to create a continuous and unified compositions.

Elements of Music:
 Melody. This is succession of consecutive notes or tones changing in pitch and
duration.
 Rhythm. It has three qualities: tempo which describes how fast or slow is the music;
meter which refers to the unit of time that is made up of beats or pulses; and rhythmic
pattern.
 Harmony. This is a combination of different tones or pitches played sung
together at the same time.
 Texture. This is the relationship of melodic and harmonic lines in music.
 Dynamics. This is the degree of softness and loudness of music.
 Timbre. Also known as tone color which is the quality of sound generated by the
instrument or voice.
 Form. This refers to how the elements of music are organized.

Forms and Types Of Philippine Music:

Ethnic traditional music

 Ballad. A song that explains an event occurring in a community.

 Chant. A song with an unaccompanied melody and variable rhythm.
 Song debate. A song involving male and female singers who try to outsmart each
other about a certain topic.

European-influenced Religious and Secular music

 Art song. A composition characterized by merging the voice part, lyrics, and the
accompaniment together to achieve an artistic musical whole.
 Habanera/Danza. This is a social dance in duple time.
 Liturgical music. This is a vocal and instrumental compositions that go
together with the official rites of Christian churches.
 Kumintang. This is a dance of love accompanied by a guitar and a string bass and
documented as a war song.
 Pasyon chant. Refers to the various styles used throughout the country for the
singing of the pasyon.

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American-inspired music

 Classical music. This music includes classical music from the western world; and
classical and modern music composed by Filipinos.
 Semi-classical music. These includes band and rondalla music, hymns and marches,
sarswela music, and stylized folk songs.
 Popular music. This includes original music composed by Filipinos which
utilizes Western and local musical influences.

DANCE

It is an art of involving a series a rhythmic human movements that are purposely

selected and involves a mindful effort to combine movements together.

Elements of Dance:

 Body element. This is how the body of the dancer moves, what part of the body
moves, what actions are performed, and how the body support itself.
 Space. This focuses on the area where the dance is performed.
 Time. This is the accent, beat, duration, meter, rhythm, and acceleration.
 Energy. This is referred to as dynamics. This element describes how energy is
directed through the body, and how the body releases it.
 Relationship. This is how the person relates to the stage and to production
elements.

Forms and types of dances in the Philippines:

 Folk dance. This is a dance that are developed and performed together by
ordinary people. This includes ceremonial, combative, courtship, exorcism,
funeral, game, torture, comic, and religious dances.
 Ballet. This is a theatrical dance presentation in which a plot is integrated with
dancing, music, and stage design.
 Modern dance. A dance form that emerged during the 20th century and still
considered theatrical but it veers away from the technique and style of ballet.
 Other forms of dance

o Aerobic dance. Dancing to the tune of popular music with the purpose of
increasing consumption of oxygen over a period of time.
o Bodabil dancing. This is used to be popular during the American
period.
o Jazz dance. This uses African dance techniques like isolation of
individual human body parts, rhythm, and polycentrism.
o Polynesian and Tahitian dance. These dances began from the people living
in the Polynesian chain.
o Tap dance. A dance which entails tapping with toes and heels to
generate rhythmic patterns.

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THEATER

It is an art form that involves performing carefully planned actions and

emotions in front of an audience. Philippine theater is described as a wide range
of mimetic performances that were created and presented during occasions.

Elements of theater:

 Performers. These are the persons who are on stage and portray
their characters for the audience.
 Audience. They serves as the witness of the performance and energy
given by the performers.
 Director. Serves as an overseer to the entire production and ensures that
the performers do their job well and the design works well.
 Performance space. This refer to the space in which the actors can
perform and space for the audience to stand.
 Design. This is essential in placing the overall feel of the production
which includes lighting, set, costumes, and sound.
 Text. This is the script to be presented in a play or production.

Form and types of Philippine theater:

 Dulang Pahiyang. Theater is not viewed as a separate activity, but as

part of life.
 Dulambayan. Also known as people’s theater and considered “theater
in the context of social movements”
 Teatrong Pansimbahan. This is concerned with spirituality and
usually performed depending on the events in the church
calendar.

FILM

This refers to a sequence of moving pictures shown on television or in cinema.

Film making became an industry in the Philippines during the 1950’s.

Elements of Film:

 Time. This is considered as the most significant element of cinema.

 Techniques of cinema.
o Cutting or editing. Involves one shot with another, making
sure that these two shot are connected.
o Camera movement. This is done in order to have a smoother
change of view.
o Framing. This helps bringing balance to the film as it is being
viewed.

Forms and types of Film:

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 Aksyon (Action). This uses conflict as emphasis based on real-life

stories or actual experiences of persons and based from the tradition of
metrical romance or literary komedya.
 Animation. A film that involves creating illustrations or inanimate
images and bringing them to life.
 Bomba. A film that depicts nudity and sex but is different from
X-rated pornography.
 Dokyu (documentary). This is a motion picture that narrates news
events or explain other subject matter based on facts.
 Drama. This is a motion picture that dwells on personal problems and
conflicts which draws sentiment and emotion.
 Experimental. This attempts to create something innovative or that is
never done before with the camera.
 Fantasy. This depicts scenes in an imaginary world.
 Historical. This shows actual events that occurred in the past.
 Horror. This is shown to bring fear to the audience.
 Komedi (Comedy). This is to introduce or bring laughter to the audience.

MULTIMEDIA. This consist of works that involves the use of other senses in appreciating
those works aside from the sense of vision.
 Conceptual Art In this type of multimedia, a visual artist “ideates or sets up a situation,
placing philosophical value in the process itself while negating the importance of
craftsmanship in arriving at a finished art object. 
 Installation Art In this type of multimedia, the artist puts together materials and objects
in an exhibition space to cast a new experience or idea. 
 Performance Art In this type of multimedia, an artist converts himself or herself into an
art object in motion and sound.

ACTIVITY :
GROUP ACTIVITY

With your CPAR subject groupings.

NOTE: NO NEED TO GO TO OTHER PLACES. MAKE USE OF THE INTERNET and

SOCIAL MEDIA FOR RESEARCH and COLLABORATION WITH YOUR CLASSMATES.

This activity will test your comprehension about the various art forms found in the
Philippines

DIRECTION:
1.) Each group will discuss the 3 categories of Art Forms found in the Philippines by giving
and discussing 5 examples for each categories by documentary form or audio-visual
presentation (minimum 7 minutes and maximum of 15 minutes).
2.) You may use different pictures from the internet but don’t forget to site the different
sources of your presentation as much as possible.
3.) Submit it on our Google classroom indicating the names of your group members
(SURNAME, FIRST NAME, M.I.).

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NOTE: NO NEED TO GO TO OTHER PLACES. MAKE USE OF THE INTERNET and

SOCIAL MEDIA FOR RESEARCH and COLLABORATION WITH YOUR CLASSMATES.

(YOU MAY SUBMIT YOUR OUTPUT/S THROUGH EMAIL, GOOGLE CLASSROOM or

FACEBOOK MESSENGER.)

The rubrics below should guide you in making your audio- visual presentation.
Rubrics for Audio- Visual Presentation
10 8 6 5
COVERAGE OF Details on the Details on the Details on the Details on the
THE TOPIC audio-visual audio-visual audio-visual audio-visual
presentation presentation presentation presentation
captures the include the relates to the topic has little or
important important but are too general nothing to do
information about information about or incomplete. It with the topic
the topic and the topic in order needs more
increases interest to catch information to
of the audience audience’s catch audience’s
interest interest
Use of graphics All graphics are Most of the Most of the All of the
related to the topic graphics are graphics are graphics do not
and are easier to related to the topic related to the topic relate to the
understand and are easier to topic
understand
ORGANIZATION Information is Information is Information is The
well organized organized with organized but the information
with clear idea idea and can some ideas and appears to be
and can easily understand by the are missing or do disorganized
understand by the listeners not help the
listeners listeners
understand
VOICE QUALITY The voice is clear The voice is clear, The voice is clear The voice
AND with proper with proper and can unclear and
PROJECTION intonation and intonation and can understand by the cannot
projection and can understand by the listeners understand by
easily understand listeners the listeners
by the listeners
MECHANICS No grammatical, Almost no A few Many
spelling, or grammatical, grammatical, grammatical,
punctuation errors spelling, or spelling, or spelling, or
punctuation errors punctuation errors punctuation
errors

TEST:
Identify what is being described in the statement. Write your answers on the
space provided.

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1. This form of architecture is considered to be the ethnic house of

Christian families living in lowland areas.
a. Kamalig c. Bahay kubo
b. Masjid d. Church
2. This commercial building is a place for buying and selling goods.
a. Market c. Theatre
b. Movie house d. Tsalet
3. This house generally has a ground floor that is made of brick or stone and
has a wooden upper level.
a. Apartment c. Bahay kubo
b. Barong-barong d. Bahay na bato

4. Camp Evangelista of Cagayan de Oro is an example of this architecture.

a. Apartment c. Fort
b. Bahay kubo d. Market
5. Libingan ng mga bayani is an example of this architectural form.
a. Fort c. Market
b. Cemetery d. Movie house
6. This is a place of worship for a Christian congregation.
a. Kamalig c. Church
b. Masjid d. Cemetery
7. The building of Cagayan de Oro Provincial Government is an example
of this architectural form.
a. Market c. Church
b. Capitol d. Bahay kubo
8. This commercial building is thought to be an evolved form of the
palengke or market.
a. Market c. Bahay na bato
b. Mall/galleria d. Apartment
9. This domestic building is deemed as an evolved form of apartment.
a. Mall c. Capitol
b. Market d. Condominium
10. A pulpit in a mosque is called a ___________.
a. Mimbar c. Mihrab
b. Masjid d. Minaret

11. It refers to a paper mache made using carved wooden sculpture used as a
mold.
A. Singkaban B. Pabalat C. Puni D. Taka

12. It is a local term for bamboo arches elaborately designed with kayas.
A. Singkaban B. Pabalat C. Puni D. Taka

13. It is used as a welcome signage of a town, city, or village and is widely used
as decoration during town fiestas.
A. Singkaban B. Pabalat C. Puni D. Taka

14. It is known as Pastillas wrapper cutting art.

A. Singkaban B. Pabalat C. Puni D. Taka

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15. It is a Tagalog term from the province of Bulacan which means to beautify or
decorate with the used of coconut leaf.
A. Singkaban B. Pabalat C. Puni D. Taka

16. This body adornment involves putting plant dyes into the skin through the
use of a sharp instrument.
A. Food art
B. Porcelain
C. Tattoo art
D. Photography

17. This form of visual arts refers to the way food is packaged and/or presented in
an artistic way.
A. Food art
B. Porcelain
C. Photography
D. Tattoo art

18. This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive chemical
plate or film.
A. Food art
B. Photography
C. Porcelain
D. Tattoo art
19. This form of visual arts involves braiding, plaiting, or weaving materials to
create hollow three-dimensional containers that can eitherbe used orcarrying, storage,
and trapping animals
A. Tattoo art
B. Basketry
C. Photography
D. Porcelain

20. This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay that is extra fine
and white, and feldspar.
A. Basketry
B. Photograohy
C. Porcelain
D. Movie

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