Painting - the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface (support base)

using a brush or other implements (knives, sponges)

it can be a mode of creative expression
History
 mostly dominated by spiritual motifs or biblical scenes
 documented origins in cave and surfaces of rocks
o believed to be 32,000 years old in Chauvet and Lascaux caves in France
 human figures are found in the tombs of ancient Egypt
 Greeks contributed, but works were lost
o mosaic of the Battle of Issus
o Byzantine art
 photography had a major impact on painting (1829)
 movements changed the Renaissance view of the world
 Eastern and African painting did not undergo an equivalent transformation at the same time

Styles and Movements

 Realism
 Impressionism
 Expressionism
 Fauvism
 Abstractionism
 Dadaism
 Pointillism
 Cubism
 Futurism
 Surrealism
Realism (naturalism)
 truthful representation, no artificiality, avoid artistic conventions, implausible, exotic, and
supernatural elements; very precise (Cristian Art)
o Leonardo da Vinci (polymath, Mona Lisa, Last Supper)
o Michelangelo (fresco of Sistine Chapel, Genesis and The Last Judgement; Creation of
Adam)
o Raphael (clarity of form, The School of Athens)
Impressionism (19th Century)
 art movement in Paris (1870s - 1880s)
 small, thin, visible brush strokes, accurate depiction of light
o Vincent Van Gogh (post-Impressionist painter)
Expressionism (20th Century)
 modernist movement, represent world solely from subjective perspective
 emotional experience and evoke moods or ideas
o Edvard Munch (The Scream)
Dadaism (WWI)
 negative reaction to the horrors of World War I
 anti-war politics and anti-bourgeois
o Marcel Duchamp
Fauvism (1904-1908)
 (the wild beasts) painterly qualities ad strong color
o Henri Matisse (color and fluid draughtsmanship)
Abstractionism
  shows the idea or feeling in one phase of a scene
 abstract - move away or separate
o distortion
o cubism
o abstract expressionism
Cubism (began 1907 & 1911)
 avant-garde movement
 abstract/geometric figures
o Pablo Picasso (co-founded Cubist movement)
Futurism (same time as cubism)
 speed and force of modern industrial society
 automobiles, motorcycles, railroad trains
Surrealism (1920)
 resolve previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality
 unnerving, illogical scenes
o Salvador Dali
Still Life Painting
 collection of inanimate objects arranged together in a specific way
 shows a new way of looking at the ordinary objects around us

Art and Life

Juan Luna de San Pedro y
 Badoc, Ilocos Norte
 3rd among 7 children
 Don Joaquin Luna de san Pedro y Posadas and Dona Laureana Novcio y Acheta
 Ateneo Municipal de Manila
 Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes (Madrid 1878)

Artworks
Despues del Baile
 Gloomy portrait
Spoliarium (1884) - National Museum of the Philippines
 Cancer in the society
 "Spoiled" - rotten society

Other Works
1. La Muerte de Cleopatra (the Death of Cleopatra)
2. Violinista
3. En el Balcon
4. Ramon Blanco y
5. Indio Bravo
6. Jose Rizal
7. La Bulaq
8. Mi Hijo Andres
9. Nina y Tinita
10. Odalisque painting
11. Picnic in Normandy
12. Puesta del Sol
13. Street Flower Vendor
14. Tampuhan
15. The Parisian Life
 1. Prostitution
2. Unbalanced society
Interpretations:
1. The three gentlemen’s (J. Luna, Dr. J. Rizal and Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin) attention were caught while
in the café in Paris by a beautiful lady in period clothes seated awkwardly on a plush sofa
2. Juan Luna was probably projecting his turbulence with his wife into his painting and that he was
asking for counsel from his two friends Rizal and Bautista Lin
3. The third interpretation was submitted by UP Fine Arts professor Roberto Fileo and his students
comparing the body of the lady to the Philippine map.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
arrange the elements of art into a composition
composition - the way an artwork is arranged
some of the known compositions are
 rule of thirds
o objects of interest should fall on the intersections
 golden ratio
movement - the path the viewer's eye takes through the artwork, often to areas of focus
balance - the visual weight of each element is distributed in a way that makes the composition feel
stable
asymmetrical balance - a type of balance in which the two sides of the artwork are different, but still
feel stable
unity/harmony - using similar or repeated elements in an artwork to create consistency (marks,
mood, colors, them, etc.) (brings together)
variety - using many different elements to create interest or contrast in an artwork
rhythm - repeating elements in order to create a feeling of organized movement
pattern - repeated design
scale - comparison of one object to another in terms of size
proportion - ratio; comparing parts of a whole in terms of size
emphasis - what we focus on in an artwork, usually the largest or most detailed areas
contrast
value contrast - the amount of difference between values
high contrast - there is a LARGE difference between the lightest and darkest areas - Edges look
harder
low contrast - there is not much difference between the lightest and darkest areas - Edges look
softer
juxtaposition - combining two or more unlike things to show contrast

ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS

Line
a mark made by pointed tool such as a brush, pen or stick; a moving point
have direction
 horizontal lines - repose and serenity
 vertical lines - poised for action
 diagonal lines - action and movement
 curved lines - grace, flexibility, joyousness
Shape
a flat, enclosed area that has two dimensions, length, and width
artists use both geometric and organic shapes
Color
one of the most dominant elements, created by light
three properties:
 hue - color itself
 value - lightness or darkness of a color
o tints - values above normal
o shades - values below normal
 intensity - brightness and darkness of color
Harmony
achieved by pleasing relationship between various elements
Value
degrees of lightness or darkness, the difference between is called value contrast
Form
three-dimensional objects having length, width, and height
can be viewed from different sides and take up space and volume
overall design of a work of art
Volume
amount of space occupied in three dimensions
solidity or thickness; contouring and surface lights and shadows
Texture
describes the feel of an actual surface, quality of an object can be real or implies, sense of touch
Perspective
effect of distance upon the appearance of objects
 linear perspective - converging lines
 aerial perspective
Space
used to create illusion of depth, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, negative and/or positive
Balance
pleasing relationship between various elements
formal and informal balance
Emphasis
design or form that easily catches our attention, the rest are subordination

NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR VISUAL ARTS

Fernando Amorsolo (1972)
This man is the country’s first ever National Artist. He is known for infusing lighting technique into his
works, making most of his designs bright and sunny.
 commissioned to do Ginebra San Miguel
 Grand Old Man of Philippine Art
 portraitist and painter of rural landscape (realism)
 backlighting technique
Carlos “Botong” Francisco (1973)
Botong is the poet of Agono whose eye for structure, choice of color, and folk values (epics) are so
distinct in his art.
mural artist who discovered the Angono Petroglyphs and it consists of 127 human and animal figures
engraved on the rockwall probably carved during the late Neolithic, or before 2000 BC.
Discovered in 1965, the Angono Petroglyphs are believed to be the oldest known artworks in the
Philippines
Guillermo Tolentino (1973)
This artist well-known UP School of Fine Arts professor. He brought The Bonifacio Monument into
life. He also designed the gold and bronze medals for the Ramon Magsaysay Award and did the seal
of the Republic of the Philippines.
Up oblations and the Bonifacio Monument
Napoleon Abueva (1976)
He is not only the Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture but also is the youngest recipient of this
award. He also used many forms of materials in his craft.
Victorio Edades (1976)
Edades is tagged as the Father of Modern Philippine Painting. He is known for his dark and subdued
shades in his art pieces.
The sketch, the wrestlers and Poinsettia Girl
Vicente Manansala (1981)
He is an alumnus of Fine Arts course at the University of the Philippines. Indeed, his works mirror
reality that reels on the verge of perception.
cubist painter and illustrator Madonna of the Slums
Cesar Legaspi (1990)
This artist is the Philippines’ first neo-realist. He indeed used the geometric technique in his daring-
themed arts.
Hernando Ocampo (1991)
Ocampo is a self-taught painter. In particular, his arts portray harsh social truths to give knowledge
after the Second World War.
Philippine flora and fauna
Arturo Luz (1997)
As a painter, a sculptor, and a designer for over 40 years, he elevated the Filipino aesthetic vision
through serious expression and form in his art.
Jeremias Elizalde Navarro (1999)
He is famous as a versatile and expert painter and sculptor. In fact, he devoted four decades for
visual arts.
Ang Kiukok (2001)
Ang Kiukok’s works show nationalist fervor and agendas vital during the ‘60s.
cubism, surrealism, expressionism
vivid, cubistic figures about the terror and angst of the times
geometric landscapes, pieta, seated figure
Jose Joya (2003)
This talented man is a painter and multimedia artist. Consequently, he shows the country’s
landscapes and authentic Filipino abstract idiom in his works.
abstract expressionism, "dynamic spontaneity" and "quick gestures"
Benedicto “BenCab” Cabrera (2006)
A man who supported the dominance of drawing over the decorative in his craft. Also, he began his
career in the mid-sixties as a lyrical expressionist.
social issues
Abdulmari Asia Imao (2006)
Imao is a mentee of Guillermo Tolentino and Napoleon Abueva. He is also a sculptor, painter,
photographer, and ceramist.
First ever Moro to receive a National Artist recognition
okir, sarimanok and naga sculptures
Brass making consultant of UN
Federico Alcuaz (2009)
This artist is known for his gestural acrylic and oil paintings. He also draws in ink, water, and pencil.
part of the second generation Filipino modernists
playful scenes with his choice of light, color and composition
Francisco Coching (2014)
He is tagged as Dean of Filipino Illustrators. Also, he is known as a master storyteller who used
images and print.
comic book illustrator, a key figure during the golden age of philippine comics 50's and 60's
Pedro Penduko and El Negro
Larry Alcala (2018)
Lastly, is a famous painter who brought lives to our men’s slice of life. His 58 years of cartooning
brought life to witty comic strips.

Some Famous Filipino Painters

Fabian dela Rosa
outstanding painter of women's portrait
Juan Luna
1884, spoliarium won first prize
death of cleopatra and blood compact
Damian Domingo
19th century, painter of miniature portrait on ivory and oil portraits on canvas
Mauro Malang Santos
comic strip illustrator
Pacita Abad
paintings consist of vibrant colors and a constant change of patterns

Issues as an Artist
 the government plays very little role in supporting the development of contemporary art in Southeast
Asia in general
 Underappreciated

NATIONAL ARTISTS
Architecture
1. Juan F. Nakpil (1973)
2. Pablo S. Antonio (1976)
3. Leandro V. Locsin (1990)
4. Ildefonso P. Santos (2006)
5. Jose Maria V. Zaragoza (2014)
6. Francisco T. Ma**ñosa** (2018)
Cinema
1. Lamberto V. Avellana (1976)
2. Gerardo de Leon (1982)
3. Lino Brocka (1997)
4. Ishmael Bernal (2001)
5. Eddie S. Romero (2003)
6. Fernando Poe Jr. (2006)
7. Manuel Conde (2009)
8. Kidlat Tahimik (2018)
Literature
1. Amado V. Hernandez
2. Jose Garcia Villa (1973)
3. Nick Joaquin (1976)
4. Carlos P. Romulo (1982)
5. Francisco Arcellana (1990)
 6. NVM Gonzalez (1997)
7. Rolando S. Tinio (1997)
8. Levi Celerio (1997)
9. Edith L. Tiempo (1999)
10. F. Sionil Jose (2001)
11. Alejandro Roces (2003)
12. Virgilio S. Almario (2003)
13. Bienvenido Lumbera (2006)
14. Lazaro Francisco (2009)
15. Cirilo F. Bautista (2014)
16. Resil B. Mojares (2018)
17. Ramon L. Muzones (2018)
Fashion Design
1. Ramon Valera (2006)
Theater Design
1. Salvador Bernal (2003)
Dance
1. Francisca Reyes Aquino (1973)
2. Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula (1988)
3. Ramon Obusan (2006)
4. Alice Reyes (2014)
5. Leonor Orosa Goquingco
Historical Literature
1. Carlos Quirino (1997)
Music
1. Antonio J. Molina (1973)
2. Jovita Fuentes (1976)
3. Honorata “Atang” Dela Rama (1987)
4. Antonino R. Buenaventura (1988)
5. Lucio San Pedro (1991)
6. Felipe Padilla de Leon (1997)
7. Jose Maceda (1997)
8. Levi Celerio (1997)
9. Lucrecia R. Kasilag
10. Andrea Veneracion (1999)
11. Ernani J. Cuenco (1999)
12. Francisco Feliciano (2014)
13. Ramon P. Santos (2014)
14. Ryan Cayabyab (2018)
Theater
1. Lamberto V. Avellana (1976)
2. Honorata “Atang” Dela Rama (1987)
3. Rolando S. Tinio (1997)
4. Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero (1997)
5. Daisy H. Avellana (1999)
6. Severino Montano (2001)
7. Amelia Lapeña-Bonifacio (2018)

GOVERNMENT ART AGENCIES

NCCA
 National Commission for Culture and the Arts
National Museum
 preserves and studies cultural materials
  conduct research on the area of sciences and arts
 Art Gallery, Anthropology, Natural History
 repository of cultural materials
 archeological and ethnological collection
Cultural Center of the Philippines
 preserves and promote performing arts
National Historical Commission of the Philippines
 responsible for preservation, conduct research on historical sites
National Archives
 preserves archival materials
Komisyon sa Wikang Pilipino
 preserves the ethnolinguistic groups and dialects in the Philippines
Department of Education
 offers education for those who wish to pursue arts

TRADITIONAL ARTS
Traditional Art is passed down through generations, portrays simple life before the massive growth
of the country
Cultural Identity is essential to every society. The art and culture of a people represent the sum total
of a nation's history and civilization. A nation is only great as its culture, while its true image and soul
is reflected in its art.
History
stretches back thousands of years, jade carving among one of the earliest examples
weaving ang pottery, wood carving is a newcomer
we owe this to natural resources
ethnological/primitive art
art works made by our ancestors (we accumulated)
Elements
line
shape
color
tecture
space
Branches
1. Folk Architecture
1. differs per ethnic group, structures are made of bamboo, wood, rock, coral, rattan,
grass, etc.
2. Weaving
1. distinct weaving techniques per ethnic group, composed of basket, headgear, fishnet,
etc.
3. Carving
1. Wood: most notable traditional art in the Philippines, oldest is a fragment of wooden
boat (includes bulul figures)
2. Stone: likha and larauan crafts of the natives, represents an ancestor or deity
4. Polk Literature
5. Folk Performing Arts
1. plays, dramas and dances, includes spanish and american influences (varies per
region)
6. Maritime Transport
 1. boat houses, boat making and maritimetraditions
7. Folk Graphics
8. Pottery
1. ceramic, clay pot, folk clay (ceramic trade)
2. earthenware ceramics (darker terracotta)
3. stoneware ceramics (grey when moist)
4. tradeware ceramics (traded; export ware)
(manunggul jar, kamot jar, maitum burial jar)
9. Texture
10. Plastic Arts
11. Pearls
1. naturally found in freshwater or saltwater bodies by mussels or oysters, used as
jewelries
12. Filipiniana
1. Maria Clara gown or traje de mestiza, traditionally made of piña
2. camisa, pañuelo, saya, tapis
Textile Weavings
Pinilian
Bontoc Weave
Kalinga Textile
Piña
Hablon
Saputangan Tapestry Weave
Mabal Tabih
Bagobo Inabal
Dagmay
Meranaw Textile
Pis Syabit Weave
T'nalak

ART AND PSYCHOLOGY

The psychology of art is an interdisciplinary field that studies the perception, cognition and
characteristics of art and its production.
For the use of art materials as a form of psychotherapy. The psychology of art is related to
architectural psychology and environmental psychology.

Why is art important in psychology?

 Art is a basic human need essential for health, meaning and life satisfaction.
 Art touches and expresses the whole complex human person including, levels of mind, body
and spirits
 Art can provide a diagnostic image that provides healing for mental and physical health. It is
also used to reduce stress and mental illness.
How is it used?
 either creating or viewing is used to help people explore emotions, develop self-awareness,
cope with stress, boost self-esteem and work on social skills
Examples
 The Scream
 Wheatfield with Crows
 The Persistence of Memory
 The Kiss