Health care Statistics

By: Abdelfattah Elbarsha

 Newborn Mortality Rate
The following definitions apply to infant deaths
• Neonatal death: The death of a liveborn infant within the
period of 27 days, 23 hours, and 59 minutes from the moment
of birth.

• Postneonatal death: The death of a liveborn infant from 28

days of birth to the end of the first year of life (through 364
days, 23 hours, 59 minutes from the moment of birth).
 Newborn Mortality Rate

• Infant death: The death of a liveborn infant at any time from

the moment of birth to the end of the first year of life (through
364 days, 23 hours, 59 minutes from the moment of birth).

• Perinatal death: An all-inclusive term referring to both

stillborn infants and neonatal deaths.
 Newborn Mortality Rate
• Formula:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 × 100
𝑁𝑀𝑅 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐. 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑

• Example: If a hospital had 2000 newborn discharges and one

newborn death in one year, what’s the NMR ?
• Solution:
(1 × 100)
𝑁𝑀𝑅 = = 0.05%
2000
 Fetal Death Rate
A hospital Fetal death is defined as a death prior to the complete
expulsion or extraction from the mother (in a hospital facility)
regardless of the duration of pregnancy.

The death is indicated by the fact that after such expulsion or

extraction, the fetus does not breathe or show any other evidence
of life such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical
cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles.
 Fetal Death Rate
• Fetal deaths are not considered patient deaths.

• They are not included in any calculation of deaths but

calculated separately.

• Determination of whether to include fetal death data in a

specific hospital’s statistics requires an investigation of the
facility’s needs by hospital administration, medical staff, and
reporting agencies.
 Fetal Death Rate
Fetal deaths may be classified as:
• Early death: Fewer than 20 weeks of gestation and a
weight of 500 grams or less
• Intermediate death: Twenty completed weeks of
gestation (but less than 28 weeks) and a weight of 501 to
1,000 grams
• Late death: Twenty-eight completed weeks of gestation
and a weight of 1,001 grams or more
• Both intermediate and late fetal deaths constitute what is
commonly termed a stillbirth
 Fetal Death Rate
Formula:

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 × 100
𝐹𝐷𝑅 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠 + 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑

Example: During June, a hospital had 100 live births, one

intermediate fetal death, and three late fetal death. Find The FDR.
(1+3)×100 400
Solution: 𝐹𝐷𝑅 = = = 3.846 = 3.85%
(100+4) 104
 Cancer Mortality Rate
Measures the risk of death for the cause under study in a
defined population during a given time period.

Formula:

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 × 100

𝐶𝑀𝑅 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑘
 Example:

In 2005, 559,312 people died from cancer in USA. The estimated

2005 cancer for the U.S. population was 296,410,404. Find the
CMR.

Solution:

559,312 × 100,000
𝐶𝑀𝑅 = = 188.7 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100,000 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
296,410,404
 Morbidity and Other Miscellaneous
Rates

• Morbidity
– State of being diseased or the number of sick persons
or cases of a disease in relation to a specific
population
– May be infectious or have other causes
• Moreover, morbidity maybe
– preexisting (prior to admission to the hospital) or
– iatrogenic, or occurring because of the patient’s treatment
Nosocomial Infections

Acquired in the hospital

• Can be attributable to
– Specific patient care units (PCUs)
– Specific operations
– Patients with specified disease
– Medical staff units
– Individual physicians
– Hospital employees
 Nosocomial Infection Rate

• Nosocomial Infection Rate Formula

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑

× 100
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
Infection Rate

• May be calculated separately for specific infections such

as
– Surgical wound infections
– Puerperal infections, which occur immediately after childbirth
– Infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, bloodstream, and
so on
– Complications that may results from an infection
– Other types of complications that require special attention by
medical staff and administration include
• Wound disruptions
• Decubitus ulcers
• Postoperative hemorrhages
• Adverse drug reactions
 Infection Rate

Infection Rate

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑

× 100
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠,𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
Example:

• In January, a community hospital had 350 discharges

and death. Thirteen of these patients had hospital-
acquired infections. Find the nosocomial infection
rate?
Nosocomial infection rate =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
× 100
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠, 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
13
= x 100 = 3.7%
350