Properties of Logarithms

1. x = bp then , log b x =p
2. log b 1 = 0
3. log b b = 1
4. log b (xy) = log b x + log b y
x
5. log b ( ) = log b x - log b y
y
REMEMBER
6. log b x n = nlog b x Log base Value=Power

 log x 
  Base Power = Value
7. log b x =  log b 
These are
interchangeable
8. b log x = x
b

9. log b b x =x
10. ln e x= x
11. log x = log 10 x  (when there is no base given)

12. ln x = log e x
13. e ln x = x

Misconceptions involving logs

log (a + b) ≠ log a + log b
log (a – b) ≠ log a – log b
log (ab) ≠ log a * log b
log a
log ( a ) ≠
b log b