First Edition

First version

Edited By
Beshoy E. Milik
Nourhan W. Elgharbawy
Basma M. Ghoneim
Design By:
Eslam S. El-Nemr
Egyptian Brain Bee 2023
Question Bank
First Edition
First version

For better neuroscience

By Egypatian Brain Bee
Academic Committee
members 2023

Egyptain Brain Bee Academic

Committee 2023
 Egyptian Brain Bee 2023
Question Bank
First Edition

Authors of the book

Beshoy E. Milik
Omar A. Hassanein
Faculty of Medicine, Kasr
Junior at STEM High school
Al-Ainy Medical School,
for boys-6th of October
Cairo University

Ranim S. Hamdy
Omar A. Sabry
Student at Faculty of science,
2nd year medical student,
Alexandria university-
Ain-Shams University
Department of Chemistry and
Environment
Reem El-Kholy
student at Gihan El-sadat
Fatma A. Abdelfattah
High school
Elsayed
Assistant lecturer of
Samar S. Aboshady
neuropsychiatry, Faculty of
Physiotherapist at El-
medicine, Menoufia University
Sadat hospital, Tanta , El-
Gharbia
Salma M. Badr
Student at Gihan El-sadat High
Ahmed H. Genidy
school
Faculty of medicine,
Alexandria University
 Egyptian Brain Bee 2023 Question Bank

List of Contents:

-Preface........................................................4
-Neuroanatomy.............................................5
-Histology and action potential......................9
-Sensory System...........................................12
-Motor functionality.....................................18
-Emotions, synaptic plasticity and memory...24
-Brain states and sleep..................................28
-Neuropathology and Cns disturbances.........30
-Answers......................................................38
 Preface
Preface
" For Better Neuroscience"
Neuroscience has always been an enthusiastic discipline that every person, with a genuine desire to
learn it, finds a self within a magnificent world of wonders. As a fertile ground for innovation and
creative discoveries, neuroscience is taught to younger generations. “In these ways I am of the opinion
that the brain exercises the greatest power in the man”, said Hippocrates in his famous book, On the
Sacred Disease. Who can disagree with him! The brain is a unique creation of his almighty God.
Papers, books, volumes and entire encyclopedias are dedicated to give a glimpse of trial to study this
mysterious discipline.

Among all the great names of neuroscientists, you- my dear student- are nominated to be one! Yes,
you can for sure one day. I shall, perhaps, see you there holding your Nobel Medal. Your first step
forward is your passionate participation in the Egyptian Brain Bee of this season 2023. The Egyptian
Brain Bee is a competition devoted for preparatory and high-school students from all over Egypt to
compete to win the Championship over Egypt. The next step is to represent Egypt in the International
Brain Bee against finalists from all around the world. Be prepared to be a world champion not just an
ordinary competitor!

As we start to guide you through this journey, we pioneer to the system of your learning process. Here
I am, really fascinated to introduce the first edition, and hoping not to be the last, of the Egyptian
Brain Bee Question Bank of 2023. I believe that young students are capable of absorbing any amount of
information, if easily introduced and explained. Thus, this book helps you to build up your capacity to
be ready for the exam setting. The book includes questions from variable levels testing your learning
skills and what you have collected regarding neuroscience. It is noteworthy that this book is not
designed for medical students studying neuroscience or digging deep in clinical neurology.

Sophisticated questions are not the aim of the book. As it is not always the complexity that makes a
successful question, but the accuracy. We spent a lot of time reviewing the questions making sure they
are really satisfying the intended learning outcomes. The writers of the book are members of the 2023
Egyptian Brain Bee Academic Committee. They represent a decent group of prestigious academic
scientists, physicians and therapists affiliated to a wide range of universities all over Egypt. Thus, we
tried to provide you with a revised version of this book.

This book is used in parallel with the guide that we already published earlier which sectioned the
neuroscience as whole into smaller fields of study. It can be your guide to practice each section
separately. We provided you with the answers to the book questions located at the end of the book.
“For Better Neuroscience” is our ultimate purpose of helping younger generations. We did our best to
help you get to your dream and be a champion. Don’t Miss That Chance!
Beshoy E. Milik

4
 Chapter 1
Neuroanatomy

1. Postcentral gyrus is important to perform which of the following functions:

a) Motor
b) Sensory
c) Auditory
d) Visual

2. Names of different lobes are, anatomically, identical to the names of:

a) Functional neurons within these lobes
b) Overlying bones
c) Separating sulci
d) None of the above

3. Which of the following structures is observed below the lateral fissure:

a) Cerebellum
b) Insula
c) Pons
d) Occipital lobe

4. The Gustatory Cortex is located within which of the following structures:

a) Occipital and parietal
b) Frontal lobe
c) Parietal lobe and insula
d) Insula and temporal lobe

5. Tectum represents the posterior aspect of which of the following structures:

a) Midbrain
b) Pons
c) Medulla
d) Cerebellum

5
Neuroanatomy Academic Committee: EBB 2023

6. The Amygdala is important functional structure involved in:

a) Emotions
b) Motor functions
c) Visual functions
d) Auditory functions

7. The main site for storage of information” memory” (Choose the most suitable
choice):
a) Prefrontal cortex (lobe)
b) Hippocampus
c) Amygdala
d) Fornix

8. The connection between the two cerebral hemispheres is called:

a) Corpus callosum
b) Cerebral peduncles
c) Cerebellar peduncles
d) Fornix

9. The Sylvian fissure is located between which of the following lobes:

a) Parietal, frontal
b) Frontal, occipital
c) Occipital, parietal
d) Temporal, frontal and parietal

10. The lobe(s) behind central sulcus control(s):

a) Movement and sensations
b) Only movement
c) Movement and vision
d) Sensations and vision

6
Neuroanatomy Academic Committee: EBB 2023

11. The optic chiasm lies anterior to which of the following structures:
a) Thalamus
b) Midbrain
c) Hypothalamus
d) Corpus callosum

12. Cerebral aqueduct of Selvius lies next to:

a) Hypothalamus
b) Midbrain
c) Pons
d) Medulla

13. In forebrain cross-section of the thalamus-telencephalon junction,…….forms the

floor of the third ventricle:
a) Hypothalamus
b) Insula
c) Corpus callosum
d) Basal ganglia

14. The ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus projects its fibers to:
a) Postcentral gyrus
b) Precentral gyrus
c) Superior temporal gyrus
d) Insula

15. Parkinson’s disease results from degeneration of which of the following

anatomical structures:
a) Putamen
b) Globus pallidus
c) Substantia Nigra
d) Amygdala

7
Neuroanatomy Academic Committee: EBB 2023

16. The pulvinar nucleus is connected to:

a) Motor cortex
b) Association cortex
c) Auditory cortex
d) Visual cortex

17. The lateral geniculate body is connected to:

a) Motor cortex
b) Auditory cortex
c) Visual cortex
d) Insula

18. Periaqueductal grey is involved in the control of:

a) Memory
b) Pain
c) Emotions
d) Movement

8
 Chapter 2
Histology and Action potential

1. Following continuous muscular activity, the synapse exhibits (undergoes):

a) Anxiety
b) Fatigue
c) Low resting membrane potential
d) Headache

2. Which of the following refers to one pre-synaptic neuron terminating on many

post-synaptic neurons? :
a) Divergence
b) Convergence
c) Summation
d) Diffusion

3. A problem that occurs with communication between nerves at synapses is often

the basis for diseases like:
a) Alzheimer’s disease
b) Parkinson’s disease
c) Anxiety
d) All of them

4. Synaptic cleft is not

a) Separated by pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons
b) A fluid filled space
c) A part of synapse
d) Present in all synapses

9
Histology and AP Academic Committee: EBB 2023

5. Consider the following statements:

I. The resting axonal membrane is nearly impermeable to sodium ions.
II. Depolarization of the axonal membrane is due to influx of sodium ions.
III. The size of the action potential, if produced, does not depend on the strength of
the stimulus.
Which of the above statements are true?
a) I and II only
b) I and III only
c) II and III only
d) I, II and III

6. Assertion: The imbalance in concentration of Na+, K+ and proteins generates

resting potential.
Reason: To maintain the unequal distribution of Na+ & k+, the neurons use
chemical energy.
a) Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation
of the assertion
b) Both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation
of the assertion
c) The assertion is true but the reason is false
d) Both the assertion and reason are false

7. What restores the resting membrane potential of the axonal membrane at the
site of excitation? :
a) Influx of sodium ions
b) Efflux of sodium ions
c) Influx of potassium ions
d) Efflux of potassium ions

10
Histology and AP Academic Committee: EBB 2023

8. Synapses are excitatory or inhibitory based on:

a) Integration
b) Summation
c) Autonomic Control
d) Saltatory Conduction

9. The resting membrane potential is maintained primarily due to:

a) Sodium-potassium pump
b) Efflux of potassium
c) Influx of sodium
d) Influx of chloride

11
 Chapter 3
Sensory System

Part 1:

1. The sensory fibers that respond to tissue damage are:

a) Nociceptors
b) Aβ-fibers
c) Enter neurons
d) muscle spidle

2. The cortex sends pain messages to a region of the brainstem called:

a) Insula
b) Periaqueductal gray matter
c) Mesencephalic nucleus.
d) Occipital lobe

3. Which receptors the endorphins can stimulate? :

a) Opioid receptors
b) Photoreceptor cell
c) Thermo receptor
d) Rods and Cons

4. Tasting process depends on which of the following:

a) Tongue
b) Palate of the mouth
c) Pharynx
d) All of the above.

5. Bitter taste cells release the transmitter ………. as their primary transmitter:
a) ATP
b) Serotonin
c) Adrenaline
d) GABA

12
Sensory System Academic Committee: EBB 2023

6. The size of the olfactory epithelium is one indicator of an animal's olfactory

acuity:
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined.

7. Most of the sensory receptors in the somatic sensory system are:

a) Mechanoreceptors
b) Thermoreceptors
c) Nociceptors
d) Pre-Botzinger cells

8. Which of the following sensory receptors monitor pressure in the heart and
blood vessels? :
a) Mechanoreceptors
b) Thermoreceptors
c) Nociceptors
d) Pacinian corpuscle

9- ………….are found in both hairy and glabrous skin.

a) Meissner's corpuscles
b) Pacinian corpuscles
c) Ruffini’s endings
d) Rods and Cons

10. Which of the following have a myelin sheath that is around 5 µm in diameter? :
a) Aα fibers
b) Aβ fibers
c) Aδ fibers
d) C fibers

13
Sensory System Academic Committee: EBB 2023

11. The strength of the stimulus depends on:

a) The volume of the stimulator
b) The frequency
c) The area of the body that responds to it.

12. The ………..are not considered as neurons even though they do form synapses:
a) Taste receptors
b) Pain receptors
c) Thermoreceptors

13. Taste buds are known to regenerate every two weeks.

What will happen if the sensory nerve associated with them has been cut?
a) They will not be affected
b) They will lose their functions, but they will regenerate
c) They will degenerate

14. A lesion at the nucleus of the basal telencephalon can cause an animal to
chronically overeat.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot be determined.

15. Piezo2 channels opens in response to ……..

a) Heat
b) Pressure
c) Pain

14
Sensory System Academic Committee: EBB 2023

Part 2:

1. Fovea centralis contains:

a) Red and blue cones
b) Red and green cones
c) Green and blue cones
d) Green, red and blue cones

2. Patient had stroke and his occipital lobe has been affected this patient may be
suffering from:
a) Vision loss
b) Smell loss
c) Deafness
d) Taste loss

3. There is a study at monkeys suggested that visual signals are fed into several
parallel but interacting processing streams, two of these are the ventral stream
which heads up to the partial lobe and dorsal stream which heads down to the
temporal lobe:
a) True
b) False

4. The cones in our retina contain one of three opsins that give the photopigments
different spectral sensitivities and one of them is:
a) Blue cones that are maximally activated by light with wavelength of about 430 nm
b) Long wavelength that are maximally activated by light with wavelength of about
530nm
c) Green cones that are maximally activated by light with wavelength of about 560
nm
d) All of the above

15
Sensory System Academic Committee: EBB 2023

5. Lesion in medial geniculate nucleus leads to:

a) Problem in taste
b) Problem in vision
c) Problem in hearing
d) Problem in taste

While lesion in lateral geniculate nucleus leads to:

a) Problem in taste
b) Problem in vision
c) Problem in hearing
d) Problem in taste

6. Rods and cones are located in:

a) Center layer of retina
b) Ganglion cells
c) Peripheral layer of retina
d) Fovea

7. The signals that travel from eye to the brain it converge at a crossover junction
called:
a) Nasal retina
b) Temporal retina
c) Optical lens
d) Optic chiasm

8. Visual cortex is located at:

a) Temporal lobe
b) Occipital lobe
c) Frontal lobe
d) Partial lobe

9. The streams were believed to carry out separate processing off conscious vision
which guides behavior and unconscious visual experience:
a) True
b) False

16
Sensory System Academic Committee: EBB 2023

10. If the eye has poor visual acuity it is called:

a) Estropia
b) Extropia
c) Amblyopic
d) Cataract

11. When the person is called wall eyed it means that the direction of the gaze is
diverge:
a) True
b) False

12. Cataract means:

a) Poor visual acuity
b) Clouding of the lens
c) Imbalance in the extraocular muscles
d) Is associated with elevated intraocular pressure

13. Retina pigmentosa is characterized by all of these except:

a) Progressive degeneration of the photoreceptors
b) Loss of peripheral vision and night vision as the first sign
c) Associated with elevated intraocular pressure
d) The cause of the disease may be genetic

14. Cone photoreceptors are characterized by:" select multiple"

a) Long, cylindrical outer segment
b) Containing many disks
c) Shorter, tapering outer segment
d) Containing fewer membrane disk

15. In complete darkness the membrane potential of the rod outer segment is about
-30 mv due to influx of K+:
a) True
b) False

17
 Chapter 4
Motor functionality

Part 1:

1. All of the following are symptoms of cerebellar degeneration EXCEPT:

a) Poor coordination
b) Difficulty in writing
c) Difficulties in speech
d) Chorea

2. The collection of alpha motor neurons that control a single muscle is called:
a) Motor unit
b) Motor neuron pool
c) Muscle spindle
d) Golgi tendon

3. Central pattern generators that produce rhythmic movement patterns are

activated by circuits in which of the following areas? :
a) Spinal cord
b) Motor unit
c) Basal ganglia
d) Postcentral gyrus

4. Patients that experience rigidity, tremors and difficulty in movement have

depletion in which of the following neurotransmitters? :
a) Serotonin
b) Acetylcholine
c) Dopamine
d) Melatonin

18
Motor functionality Academic Committee: EBB 2023

5. Learning to play the piano fluently is possible by the motor learning ability of the:
a) Motor cortex
b) Basal ganglia
c) Cerebellum
d) Central pattern generators

6. What input to the alpha motor neuron that is important for initiating and controlling
voluntary movements? :
a) Golgi tendon organ
b) Upper motor neurons
c) Lower motor neurons
d) Muscle spindles

7. A sustained contraction of a muscle, as in holding a heavy box, requires an increase in

which of the following? :
a) The frequency of action potentials
b) The amount of motor units activated
c) The size of muscle fibers
d) The amount of muscles activated

8. Which type of muscles do alpha motor neurons excite? :

a) Smooth muscles
b) Cardiac muscles
c) Visceral muscles
d) Skeletal muscles

9. What helps us recalibrate our movements as our body changes? :

a) Basal ganglia
b) Cerebellum
c) Spinal cord
d) Brainstem

10. Which of the following is an example of a proprioceptor? :

a) Muscle spindle
b) Alpha motor neuron
c) Motor neuron pool
d) Lower motor neurons

19
Motor functionality Academic Committee: EBB 2023

11. What wraps around the muscle fibers found inside the muscle spindles? :
a) Group Ia sensory axons
b) Group Ib sensory axons
c) Alpha motor neurons
d) Group Ic sensory axons

12. Which of the following is essential in controlling the activation of alpha motor
neurons in the spine?:
a) Basal ganglia
b) Motor cortex
c) Golgi tendon organ
d) Cerebellum

13. In order to stretch your arm, what does each set of muscles do?
a) Flexors contract – Extensors relax
b) Flexors relax – Extensors contract
c) Flexors act as agonists – Extensors act as antagonists

14. The running of a chicken with its head cut off is possible due to the presence of
……..............
a) The motor cortex
b) The basal ganglia
c) The cerebellum
d) The spinal cord

15. What helps you stick your landing and stay upright when you jump off a chair?
a) The Stretch reflex
b) The flexion withdrawal reflex
c) The flexion crossed extension reflex
d) The Golgi tendon organs found inside the leg muscles

20
Motor functionality Academic Committee: EBB 2023

Part 2
1. ……………………………………… protects you from losing your balance and falling over after
stepping on a tack:
a) Flexion crossed extension reflex
b) “Knee jerk” response
c) Flexion withdrawal reflex
d) Extension withdrawal reflex.

2. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis occurs due to death of :

a) Motor spindles.
b) Gamma motor neurons.
c) Alpha motor neurons.
d) Golgi tendon organs.

3.……………………………….. located where the muscle fibers connect to the tendon — detect
how much force or tension is applied to a muscle during ongoing movement,
increasing the movement’s precision.
a) Golgi tendon organs
b) Motor spindles.
c) Alpha motor neurons.
d) Gamma motor neurons.

4. Tremor, rigidity, and in some cases, akinesia, an inability to move result from
diseases of which one of these brain regions:
a) Motor cortex
b) Basal ganglia
c) Brain stem
d) Cerebellum

5. The rhythmic patterns of muscle activation that produce locomotion in fourfooted

animals and humans are generated by neurons within:
a) Motor cortex and spinal cord connections
b) Spinal cord and brainstem circuits.
c) Thalamus and basal ganglia connections
d) Cerebellar connections with muscles and cortex

21
Motor functionality Academic Committee: EBB 2023

6. As our own bodies change, as we grow taller, gain or lose weight or muscle mass, or
cope with disease or disability, we can recalibrate our movements with the help of the
neurons in:
a) Motor cortex
b) Basal ganglia
c) Brain stem
d) Cerebellum

7. The ………………… musculature is critical for locomotion.

a) Axial
b) Proximal
c) Distal
d) Upper

8. A motor neuron unit consists of:

a) Alpha motor neuron alone
b) Gamma motor neuro alone
c) Group of muscle fibers only
d) A&C
e) B&C

9. Because the flexors and extensors pull on the joint in opposite directions, they are
called to one another.
a) Flexors
b) Extensors.
c) Antagonists
d) Synergistic

10. The muscles that are responsible for movements of the shoulder, elbow, pelvis, and
knee are called …………….;
a) Axial muscles
b) Distal muscles
c) Girdle muscles
d) Lower muscles

22
Motor functionality Academic Committee: EBB 2023

11. The motor neurons that innervate axial musculature are found at ………… levels of the
spinal cord:
a) Cervical
b) Dorsal
c) Lumbar–sacral segments
d) A&B
e) All levels

12. The lower motor neurons are also distributed within the ventral horn at each spinal
segment in a predictable way, depending on their function. The cells innervating flexors
are ………..to those innervating extensors.
a) Medial
b) Lateral
c) Dorsal
d) Ventral

13. Most muscles have a range of motor unit sizes, and these motor units are usually
recruited :
a) In the order of smallest first, largest last.
b) In the order of largest first, smallest last.
c) All at the same moment.
d) In an order depending on action.

14. One of the following is wrong:

a) A single action potential in an alpha motor neuron causes the muscle fiber to twitch.
b) The summation of twitches causes a sustained contraction as the number and
frequency of incoming action potentials increase.
c) A motor unit is an alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.
d) A motor neuron pool is all the gamma motor neurons that innervate one muscle.

15. There are only three major sources of input to an alpha motor neuron. They involve
input from the following except:
a) Dorsal root ganglion cells.
b) Upper motor neurons in the motor cortex and brain stem.
c) Ventral horn cells.
d) Interneurons in the spinal cord.

23
 Chapter 5
Emotions, Synaptic placticity and memory

Part 1:

1.What are the two main categories of receptors?

a) Ionotropic and Chemoreceptors
b) Ionotropic and metabotropic receptors
c) Metabotropic and mechanotropic receptors
d) Mechanotropic and Ionotropic receptors

The next 3 questions are related:

2. In an experiment scientists sawed the left eye of a developing rat shut and kept
the right eye open. During the rats development , on a synaptic level , what will
happen to the neuron connections of the left eye with the brain:
a) Nothing will happen
b) More synapses well be created
c) Synapses well be destroyed
d) AMPA receptors well get inserted into the postsynaptic membrane

3. In the previous experiment what is the name of the phenomenon that occurred :
a) Long-term synaptic potentiation
b) Long-term synaptic depression
c) Synaptic equalization
d) None of the above

4. In the previous phenomenon what also happens at a synaptic level:

a)More AMPA receptors get inserted into the postsynaptic neuron synaptic
membrane
b)AMPA receptors are removed from the postsynaptic neuron synaptic membrane
c)More NMDA receptors get inserted into the postsynaptic neuron synaptic
membrane
d) None of the above

24
Emotions& AP &memory Academic Committee: EBB 2023

5. When the NMDA receptors are opened what Ion enter the postsynaptic neuron:
a) Na2+
b) Ca2+
c) Mg2+
d) Cl-

6. What does the NMDA receptor need to get activated:

a) Glutamate
b) Ca2+
c) Depolarization of membrane
d) Both (a) and (c)

7. In Pavlov's experiments, the food introduced to the dog is considered:

a) Unconditional stimulus
b) Unconditional reflex
c) Conditional stimulus
d) Conditional reflex

8. Which of the following processes represents the process in which information

becomes a part of the brain tissue:
a) Long-term potentiation
b) Long-term inhibition
c) Consolidation
d) Perception

9. All of the following may cause amensia except:

a) Ecephalitis
b) Stroke
c) Tumor
d) Pain

25
Emotions& AP &memory Academic Committee: EBB 2023

Part 2:

1. What are the 2 main methods that help infant acquire language:
a) Mothers and word division
b) Phonetic localization and statistical learning
c) Syllable emphasis and Mothers
d) Statistical learning and Syllable emphasis

2. A 47 year old man presented to the Emergency Room with symptoms of a

stroke. The patient was able to perform doctor’s instructions but when asked to
repeat a sentence was unable to. What type of Aphasia is this?
a) Broca’s Aphasia
b) Wernicke’s Aphasia
c) Conduction Aphasia
d) Anomic Aphasia

The Next 4 Questions are all related :

A 67 year old man who had suffered from a stroke 6 years prior was visiting his
doctor for routine checkup. Here is a snippet of their conversation.
Dr: “Were you in the Coast Guard?”
Patient: “No, Umm, yes, yes . . . ship. . . Massachu. . . chusetts. . . Coastguard . . .
years.” and raised his hands twice, indicating the number “nineteen.”
Dr: “Could you tell me, Mr. Warner what you’ve been doing in the hospital?”
“Yes, sure. Me go, uhh, P.T. nine o’cot, speech. . . two times. . . read. . . ripe, er,
rike, er, write. . . practice. . . get-ting better.”

3. Identify two abnormalities in his speech:

a) Anomia and dyscalculia
b) Memoizia and agrammatism
c) Dyscalculia and stutter
d) Anomia and agrammatism

26
Emotions& AP &memory Academic Committee: EBB 2023

4. What is this type of speech called?

a) Scanning speech
b) Slurred speech
c) Telegraphic speech
d) Dysphonia

5. What type of words CAN’T this type of speech utilize?

a) Content words
b) Descriptive words
c) Functions words
d) Paraphrased words

6. What type of Aphasia does this patient have:

a) Conduction Aphasia
b) Wernicke’s Aphasia
c) Global Aphasia
d) Broca’s Aphasia

27
 Chapter 6
Brain States and sleep

True or False Questions:

1. Your brain can process multiple inputs effortlessly with minimum energy

2. Your brain stay active while you sleep to keep brain health and to solidifying
memories

3. Electroencephalography detects and records the state of polarization and

depolarization

4. The ventrolateral preoptic suppress activity of the brain system

5. People with sleep apnea are more susceptible to heart attack

6. Sleep can provide protection to us and conserve energy

7. in REM, cortical areas are less active than in non-REM

8. Extrastriate cortical areas and portions of the limbic system were more active
during REM sleep than waking

9. Adenosine levels slowly fall after sleep begins and are increase during awake

28
Brain stses &sleep Academic Committee: EBB 2023

10. The reticular activating system specifically controls the voluntary nervous
system

11. Habitual attention mean the individual will automatically divert his attention
towards stimulus that becomes a habit

12. The loss of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus cause fall asleep
suddenly

13. SWS characterized by high amplitude and low frequency brain waves

Choose:
14. The brain sensation behavior in awake state different from REM state
a) Awake is internally generated
b) Awake is externally generated
c) REM is externally generated
d) Both are externally generated

15. Which of the following is responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycle:

a) Medulla
b) Midbrain
c) Suprachiasmatic nucleus
d) Primary cortex

29
 Chapter 7
cns pathology and disturbances

1. Which of the following is not implicated via direct linkage to “Familial”

Alzheimer’s disease?? OR/which of the following does not form a dominant
mutation in the early onset of Alzheimer's (40s to 50s)?
a) BRCA
b) ApoE4
c) Presenilin 1 (PSEN-1)
d) Presenilin 2 (PSEN-2)

2- What produces ApoE protein?

a) Astrocytes
b) Microglia
c) Oligodendrocytes
d) Astroglia

3- The exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood. However, what
two changes in the brain are found in a patient with this disease? (Select all that
apply):
a) Destruction of the myelin sheath on the neuron
b) Development of beta-amyloid plaques in between neurons
c) Destruction of dopaminergic neurons
d) Creation of neurofibrillary tangles within the neuron

4- In Alzheimer’s disease, what protein is responsible for creating amyloid beta

peptides which develop into plaques?
a) Tau proteins
b) Postsynaptic proteins (PSP)
c) Amyloid precursor proteins (APP)
d) Beta-synuclein

30
cns pathology Academic Committee: EBB 2023

5-Alzheimer’s disease also affects the neurons found in the outside layer that
surrounds the top of the cerebrum. This area is made up of different lobes such as
the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. What is this area of the brain
called?
a) Corpus callosum
b) Cerebral cortex
c) Amygdala
d) Cerebellum

6- Parkinson's disease is marked by a lack of which chemical in the brain?

a) Serotonin
b) GABA
c) Dopamine
d) Norepinephrine

7-What is the average age when Parkinson disease first appears?

a) 25
b) 50
c) 60
d) 75

8- What is often the first symptom of Parkinson's disease?

a) Headache
b) Nausea
c) Shaking of a hand or foot (tremors)
d) Turning of the head

9- If a Parkinson's patient performs an MRI, which part is most affected?

a) Cerebellum
b) Substantia Nigra
c) Midbrain brain
d) Basal ganglia
e) Cerebral cortex

31
cns pathology Academic Committee: EBB 2023

10. Why do we use L-dopa with Parkinson's patients?

a) L-dopa is synthesized form of dopamine, to compensate the deficiency
b) L-dopa is a somewhat similar form of dopamine, which can cross the brain, to
compensate the deficiency.
c) L-dopa inhibits dopamine breakdown.
d) L-dopa is an anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors in the
midbrain to reduce tremors.

11. Speech may be affected in patients with ALS.

a)True
b)False

12. The patient's IQ drops drastically in the first year of diagnosis of ALS.
a)True
b)False

13. Death in ALS is usually because of:

a) Heart attack
b) Breathing difficulty
c) Death of sensory and motor neurons.
d) Allergy to medications

14.Which nerve cells are commonly affected in ALS?

a) Motor neurons
b) Sensory neurons
c) Both motor and sensory neurons
d) Neither of the above

15. Lou Gehrig's disease/ALS affects:

a) Alpha motor neurons
b) Gamma motor neurons
c) Sensory neurons
d) All of the above

32
cns pathology Academic Committee: EBB 2023

16. Hutington's disease (HD) mainly affects which body system?

a) Lymphatic system
b) Nervous system
c) Cardiovascular system
d) Respiratory system

17. What causes the brain cell damage in people with Hutington's disease (HD)?
a) A lack of oxygen
b) Poor nerve development
c) An abnormal protein
d) None of the above

18. In which age group does Hutington's disease (HD)usually first appear?
a) Teens
b) 20s
c) 30s and 40s
d) 60 and older

19. Hutington's disease (HD) is an inherited illness, passed on from one generation
to another. If a parent has HD, what's the chance of a child developing HD?
a) 100%
b) 75%
c) 50%
d) 10%

20. Early symptoms of Hutington's disease (HD) include which of these?

a) Mood swings
b) Depression
c) Irritability
d) All of the above

33
cns pathology Academic Committee: EBB 2023

21. How is Hutington's disease (HD) diagnosed?

a) Through a genetic test
b) With a physical exam
c) With a family history
d) All of the above

22. Which of the following is not a prominent symptom of Hutington's disease

(HD)?
a) Double vision
b) Jerky, involuntary movements
c) Difficulty managing time
d) Depression

23. What phenomenon occurs in Huntington’s disease?

a) Genetic anticipation
b) Fragile sites
c) Trinucleotide repeats
d) Both A and C
e) Both B and C

24. Huntington’s Disease is a ____

a) Long-term progressive disorder
b) Quick and sudden onset disorder
c) Disorder that has minimal effects on living
d) Disorder that rarely leads to death

25. Which of the following is a definitive test for Hutington's disease (HD)?
a) Physical assessment
b) MRI analysis
c) Genetic test
d)PIT scan

34
cns pathology Academic Committee: EBB 2023

26. Gliomas affect:

a) Astrocytes
b) Microglia
c) Oligodendrocytes
d) Astroglia

27.What kind of disease is Multiple Sclerosis?

a) Infectious
b) Viral
c) Autoimmune
d) Blood

28.What is myelin?
a) A fatty coating surrounding nerves
b) A nerve insulator
c) Both
d) Neither

29."The clear cause of Multiple Sclerosis remains unknown, though ____________

may be important factors.
a) Ethnicity, diet, and antibiotic resistance
b) Height, blood pressure, and birth order
c) Sleep hygiene, emotional health, childhood habits
d) Environment, viruses, and genetics

30. The diagnosis “Definite Alzheimer’s Disease” is established by:

a) autopsy of the patient’s brain
b) CSF examination
c) PET analysis
d) Genetic test
e) MRI analysis
f) Memory assessment tests

35
cns pathology Academic Committee: EBB 2023

31. A woman in her upper 60s was referred for a workup due to concern about dementia.
The patient quickly forgets conversations, she misplaces items which results in her
thinking that other people must have moved or taken the items, she occasionally forgets
to go to doctor appointments, and she has gotten lost while driving her car in a familiar
location. The patient’s family also reported that the patient’s memory for long-term
information seems a bit fuzzy. For example, it was stated that the patient remembers
vacations from the past, but when talking about them, she seems to mix up details from
various
vacations. She might be suffering from___
a) Stroke
b) Alzheimer
c) Multiple sclerosis
d) Brain tumor

32. Which of the following is not a motor symptom of Parkinson's disease?

a) Anosmia
b) Bradykinesia
c) Akinesia
d) Cogwheel rigidity

33. Which of the following, increase levels of which, has been implicated in causing ALS?
a) Glycine
b) Acetylcholine
c) GABA
d) Glutamate

34. ALS occurs as a result of:

a)The inability of nerves to produce glutamate
b) The destruction of muscle receptors
c) The death of the cranial nerves
d) The death of upper and lower motor neurons

35. Gliomas could cause extra release of toxic…causing nerve death

a) Glycine
b) Acetylcholine
c) GABA
d) Glutamate

36
 Answers
neuroanatomy

1) b
2) b
3) b
4) c
5) a
6) a
7) b
8) a
9) d
10) d
11) c
12) b
13) a
14) a
15) c
16) b
17) c
18) b

37
 Answers
Histology and action potential

1) B
2) A
3) D
4) D
5) D
6) A
7) D
8) A
9) A

38
 Answers
Sensory system

Part 1: 1) b
1)a 2) a
2)b 3) b
3)a 4)a
4)d 5) C, B
5)a 6) C
6)a 7) D
7)a 8) B
8)a 9) B
9)c 10) C
10)c 11) A
11)b 12) B
12)a 13) C
13)c 14) C&D
14)a 15)B
15)b

39
 Answers
motor functionality

Part 1: Part 2:
1) d 1) a
2) b 2) c
3) a 3) a
4) c 4) b
5) c 5) b
6) b 6) d
7) a 7) b
8) d 8) d
9) b 9) c
10) a 10) c
11) a 11) e
12) b 12) c
13) b 13) a
14) d 14) d
15) a 15) c

40
 Answers
Emotions &synaptic placticity &Memoery

Part 1: Part 2:
1) b 1) d
2) c 2) a
3) b 3) d
4) b 4) c
5) b 5) c
6) d 6) d
7) a
8) c
9) d

41
 Answers
brain states and sleep

1) False
2) True
3) True
4) True
5) True
6) True
7) False
(the opposite is true )
8) True
9) True
10) False
(autonomic nervous system)
11) True
12) True
13) True
14) B
15) C

42
 Answers
cns pathology and disturbances

1) a 19) c
2) d 20) d
3) b,d 21) d
4) c 22) a
5) b 23) d
6) c 24) a
7) c 25) c
8) c 26) a
9) b 27) c
10) b 28) c
11) True 29) d
12) False 30) a
13) b 31) b
14) a 32) a
15) a 33) d
16) b 34) d
17) c 35) d
18) c

43
For better neuroscience

Egyptain Brain Bee Academic

Committee 2023

Copyright@EBB 2023