Kin326k_Lec11_LinKnetics1
KINE 300
Inertia, Forces, Linear Kinetics
Lecture notes for during class
Fill in holes.
Definition of a “Force”:
Simply put:
1. A pushing or a pulling action
2. causes ____________
Units of force:
F = m x a…. Newtons (N) = kg*(m/s2)
1 N  0.225 lbf…. 1 lbf  4.45 N
What is inertia?
• Mass, “Moment of Inertia”
• ___________________
• Resistance to acceleration
• Rather keep doing what it is doing
• Weighted resistance training vs. Bands
10/6/2014
Learning Goals
• After this lesson, you will be able to:
• Give examples of Newton’s 3 Laws
• Identify external forces in a given situation
• Draw a free body diagram
• Types of forces
Newton’s 1st Law:
Law #1: The Law of Inertia
A body at rest remains at rest, unless
acted on by an external force…
A body in motion maintains a constant
velocity unless acted on by a force.
No net force => no change in motion
write down an example
Newton’s 2nd Law:
Law #2: The Law of Acceleration
The acceleration of an object is
proportional to the net force applied.
The net force = The vector sum of all
the external forces. So:
write down examples?
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Newton’s 3rd Law: ___________ Forces: forces line up

Law #3: The Law of Action-Reaction • All act along the same line of action
If a force is applied by body #1 on body • Then we can add them up algebraically:
#2, then an equal and opposite force is
applied by body #2 on body #1.
(for every “action”, there is a “reaction”)
(write examples)

Fnet  300  150  50N  250  250N  0 N

Forces can act together:

___________ Forces: Forces and Equilibrium: (Ch 1)
• Act through the same point,… • “Static Equilibrium” = _________________
but not along the same line … • “Nothing moves” implies zero acceleration…
• Must add x & y components separately:
• Therefore, by F = ma, a = 0 implies F = 0
y
F1 = 4x +5y •  Static Equilibrium occurs when:
F2 = -2x F1 FNet
F3 = 3x – 2y FNet   Fi  0
FNet = 5x + 3y
F2 q
Fnet  52  32  5.8 N
x F X 0 & F Y 0
Not moving
q  tan 3 5  31
1 F3
• Forces _____________ v= 0
a=0

Static Equilibrium or no? Yoga Activity

2
1

• You can balance with

small forces
5

3
• You can balance with
4
large forces

• Either way, the forces

balance
• Think, discuss. I will call on you • Otherwise ___________

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Usually… there are many forces

External Forces:
So, we must consider the _________
effect of many forces acting on a system • Only ______________
at once:
determine movement.
• Rowers exert forces on boat
• Weight & foot stretchers
• Rowers exert forces on oars
• Forces that act on a system from outside …
• Oars exert forces on water
• Two kinds of external forces in biomechanics:
• Water exerts forces on boat
• ____________: from contacting external objects
• Buoyant & drag forces
• ____________: from gravity
What is the net acceleration of the boat?

External Forces:
• Objects push back at
Examples of External Force
• When we push on an
object, this force is us – this force is
internal to us external to us

• We __________

____________
• The weight of an object on earth is:
___________________
• If you push on the
F  ma  W  mg
ground, the ground
pushes back:
• Weight = Mass  Acceleration due to gravity
Where: g  9.81 m s 2
• If the ground didn’t
push back…
• Thus your weight is really the force exerted
on you by the earth’s mass

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______________ Forces:
A force that acts ____ and ____ to two
surfaces in contact.
Friction always opposes relative motion
• Ex: Try sliding your text across the top of your desk
• Ex: Try rubbing your fingers across each other
When are frictional forces important for
movement?....
Measuring Frictional Forces:
Friction depends on the “normal” force
• i.e. the force __________ to the surface
Ex:
• Foot pushes on the ground
• Ground pushes back (3rd law)
(ground reaction force)
• Break it down into its normal
and horizontal components Normal
Force
FN = part of GRF that pushes
perp. to ground
Frictional forces::
We quantify friction forces using:
Friction    FN
 (mu) = coefficient of friction – depends
on the material – rubber (hi), ice (low)
FN = Normal force
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Friction in Sports and Rehabilitation:
• Friction is important in sports when we need
________ or ________:
• Ex: Wet grass
Tennis racket handle
• Friction is often important in rehabilitation for
the same reason:
• Ex: non-slip floors, grip strength for lifting
• We also want to minimize Friction sometimes
• _______ _________ __________
If the surface is tilted, so is the normal force:
“Normal” Forces = _____________:
Normal
Force
GRF
Weight The rock climber increases the friction
Force between his feet and the rock by
leaning away from the rock face
Use of Friction in Daily Life
• Holding onto a slippery thing is difficult
because?______________________
• ______________________________
• Turning an old faucet requires more
squeezing because?
• _________________________________
• You want good “grip” on your shoes
because?
• __________________________________
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To identify external forces: Free Body Diagrams:

FBD of Shot: FBD of Shot Putter:
• Draw the object alone by Include the forces applied Include forces applied to
itself to the shot: the shot putter:
- ________, __________ - ________, ______, _____
• Draw all the forces
acting on that object by
gravity and/or other
objects
• “________________”…

Free Body Diagrams:

FBD #1 : Shot
FBD #1: the Shot:
Include the external forces applied
TO the shot:
- Gravity, Shot Putter

Free Body
Diagrams: More Free Body Diagram Examples:
C) FBD of the ground
FBD #2: of athlete:
FA
Include forces applied to FJ
the shotputter:
- _____, ______, _____ W

FG
FA
FJ

a) Volleyball player doing vertical jump

2FG
b) FBD of one of his feet
c) FBD of the ground
FG

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Draw FBD, add forces for:

• Ball flying in the air (ignore air)

• Person standing on the ground

• Parent (pushing a child on a

swing)