General Physics 1

(Phys 110 : Mechanics)

CHAPTER 6
Force and Motion - II
Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 1

6-1 : What is physics ?

In this chapter we focus on the physics of:

Frictional force.
Centripetal force.
Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 2

Objectives of this lesson :

1. To identify frictional force and its cause. Force and Motion:

2. To identify the static frictional force. Frictional Force

3. To calculate the value of static frictional force.
4. To define the maximum static frictional force and how to calculate it.
5. To identify kinetic frictional force and how to calculate it.
6. To define coefficients of static and kinetic frictions.
7. To apply Newton's laws, including frictional force, to solve problems.
 Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 3

6-2 : Friction :

A frictional force f is the force on a body when the body slides or attempts to slide
along a surface.
The force is always parallel to the surface and directed so as to oppose the sliding.
 Why do we study Friction?
Friction allows us to do our daily tasks normally:
e.g.: driving a car picking up objects.
20% of gasoline in our cars is used to counteract friction.
In the absence of friction: everything would just slip and slide.

*for more illustrations, please watch the video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUfqjSeeZng

 Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 4

6-2 : Friction :

® (1)
(1) The forces on a stationery block are Fg balanced by F N

® ®

(2) If a force F is applied, then a frictional force fs will balance F (2)

No Motion
The frictional force 𝒇𝒔 is called the Static frictional force.
(3)

(3)
As 𝐹 increases, 𝑓𝑠 also increases,
(4)
(4) so that the block remains at rest.
 Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 5

6-2 : Friction :

(5)

Acceleration
®

(5) When F reaches a certain magnitude, the block “breaks away”

®

accelerating in the direction of F

F > fk
The frictional force 𝒇𝒌 that opposes the motion is
called the kinetic frictional force (6)

Constant Velocity
®

(6) F must then be reduced to keep the block moving in

a constant velocity F = fk
 Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 6

6-2 : Friction :

Magnitude of 𝑓𝑠 is changeable.

Magnitude of 𝑓𝑘 is constant and is always:

𝒇𝒌 < 𝒇𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙 Time

Have you ever tried to push a really big object?

Did you notice that you were pushing harder, and harder, and HARDER,
until suddenly it was like glue that was holding it to the floor snapped?
Then, it felt easier to push the object than it did just to get it started.
 Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 7

6-3 : Properties of Friction :

1. If the body does not move:

𝒇𝒔 and the component of 𝑭 that is parallel to 𝒇𝒔 balance each other.

They are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
2. The magnitude of 𝒇𝒔 has a maximum value 𝒇𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝝁𝒔 𝑭𝑵

coefficient of static friction the normal force on the

body from the surface
3. If the body begins to slide along the surface:
the magnitude of the frictional force rapidly decreases to a value : 𝒇𝒌 = 𝝁𝒌 𝑭𝑵
coefficient of kinetic friction
 Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 8

6-3 : Properties of Friction :

There are two coefficients for any two surfaces in contact with each other:

𝝁𝒔 : the coefficient of static friction

𝝁𝒌 : the coefficient of kinetic friction

𝝁𝒔 and 𝝁𝒌 are dimensionless and must be determined experimentally.

The coefficient of friction between two surfaces is a measure of the degree to which two
surfaces resist moving with respect to each other.
 Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 9

6-3 : Properties of Friction :

Answers: (a) Zero (b) 5 N (c) No (d) Yes (e) 8 N

Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 10

Sample Problem (6-1) :

Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 11

Sample Problem (6-1) :

 Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 12

Sample Problem (6-2) :

What is the acceleration of the block?

Phys Lesson 1 of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 13

Sample Problem (6-2) :

Phys Lesson 2of 2
Chapter 6 : Force and Motion 2
110 Slide 14 (last)

Summary:

Motion in 2D and 3D: Next lesson we will cover:

Section (6-5).
Frictional Force. Sample Problem (6-6).

Any Questions?