RESULTS

A. Total Magnification

Scanning Objective:
Total Magnification = E x O
= 10 x 4
= 40x
Low Power Objective:
Total Magnification = E x O
Total Magnification
= 10 x 10
= 100x
High Power Objective:
Total Magnification = E x O
= 10 x 40
= 400x

B. The Micrometers

Ocular Micrometer (above) –

Has 5 major divisions

Stage Micrometer (below) –

Has a length of 0.01mm

C. Calibrating the Microscope

 Scanning Objective
Computation of Calibration Factor:
n = 1µm
CF = (s/e) . (n)
= (80/25) . (1)
= (3.2) . (1)
= 3.2

Low Power Objective

Computation of Calibration Factor:
n = 1µm
CF = (s/e) . (n)
= (40/30) . (1)
= (1.33) . (1)
= 1.33

High Power Objective

Computation of Calibration Factor:
n = 1µm
CF = (s/e) . (n)
= (10/30) . (1)
= (0.33) . (1)
= 0.33

D. Paramecium under the Microscope

 Scanning Objective

Low Power Objective

High Power Objective

E. Microscopic Measurement of Paramecium

 Scanning Objective
Computation of Actual size:
CF = 3.2
Actual size = 6 o.u x CF
= 6 o.u x 3.2
= 19.2 µm

Low Power Objective

Computation of Actual size:
CF = 1.33
Actual size = 15 o.u x CF
= 15 o.u x 1.33
= 19.95 µm

High Power Objective

Computation of Actual size:
CF = 0.33
Actual size = 62 o.u x CF
= 62o.u x 0.33
= 20.46 µm

DISCUSSION
 Magnification is the ability to make small objects seems larger. A
microscope has different objective lens that comes in various
magnification power. The microscope that has been used during the
experiment has a magnification power of 4x known as scanning, 10x
Low Power Objective (LPO) and High Power Objective (HPO) with a
magnification power of 40x.

In order to get the total magnification power of each objective

lenses, the magnification power of eyepiece is multiplied by the
magnification power of the objective lens. To get the magnification
power of the scanning objective, the magnification power of the
eyepiece of the microscope that was used in the experiment has 10x
magnification power and the scanning objective lens has a
magnification power of 4x. So, the total magnification of the scanning
objective is 40x. The same steps should be followed in getting the total
magnification of the LPO and the HPO. The results are, LPO has a
total magnification which is 100x and HPO has 400x.

In microscopy, there are two rulers that is called Ocular Micrometer

and the Stage Micrometer. These rulers are used to measure a
specimen. The ocular micrometer has 5 major divisions and has 10
lines in each division. The stage micrometer has a length of 0.01mm
based on the stage micrometer that was used in the experiment. In the
stage micrometer, in order to get the length in every division in
micrometer (µm), the length 0.01mm is multiplied by 1000, since there
are 1000µm in 1mm. And the result is there are 10µm in 0.01mm stage
micrometer.

And to get the measurement of a specimen, the microscope needs

to be calibrated. To do that, first get the distance/length of the major
division (n) which is n=1µm since the length of the micrometer is 10µm
(based on the calculation of the stage micrometer). And then follow the
formula: CF=(s/e).(n), which (s) is the stage micrometer, (e) is the
eyepiece/ ocular micrometer and (n) is the length of the major division.
To get the (s) and (e), the first alignment of the division of the stage
and ocular micrometer are the basis. To get the calibration factor (CF)
of the scanning objective, (refer to the illustration above: C. Calibrating
the Microscope), it is aligned in the stage micrometer at 80 with the
ocular micrometer at 25. From the calculation, the scanning objective
has a calibration factor of 3.2. The same goes for the LPO and HPO.
LPO has a calibration factor of 1.33 and HPO has 0.33.

After the calibration of the microscope is getting the measurement

of the specimen sample which is the Paramecium. To get the actual
size of the paramecium, first it is viewed under the microscope using
the different objective lenses (refer to the illustration: D. Paramecium
under the Microscope). Then it is measured using the ocular
micrometer after the calibration of the 3 objective lenses. To get the
actual size, the measurement from counting each division from the
start and end of one Paramecium is multiplied by the CF of the
objective lens. In scanning objective, the Paramecium has a
measurement of 6 o.u multiplied by the CF of 3.2, the Paramecium has
a length of 19.2 µm. The same calculation in the LPO and HPO. The
Paramecium has a length of 19.95µm in LPO and has a size of
20.46µm in HPO.