This anthropometric measurement is used to determine the seat depth.

Mass-produced
chairs are typically 15–17 inches (38–43 cm) deep.Additional anthropometric measurements
may be relevant to designing a chair. Hip breadth is used for chair width and armrest width.
The buttock-knee length is used to determine "leg room" between rows of chairs. "Seat
pitch" is the distance between rows of seats. In some airplanes and stadiums the leg room
(the seat pitch less the thickIV. Project Costs/Budget

The approximate cost of total lacking of chairs for the students in Rafael B. Lacson Memorial
High School is around 570,000 pesos in which materials needed. Chairs can be made from
wood, metal, or other strong materials, like stone or acrylic. In some cases, multiple
materials are used to construct a chair; for example, the legs and frame may be made from
metal and the seat and back may be made from plastic. Chairs may have hard surfaces of
wood, metal, plastic, or other materials, or some or all of these hard surfaces may be
covered with upholstery or padding. The design may be made of porous materials, or be
drilled with holes for decoration; a low back or gaps can provide ventilation. The back may
extend above the height of the occupant's head, which can optionally contain a headrest.
Chairs can also be made from more creative materials, such as recycled materials like cutlery
and wooden play bricks, pencils, plumbing tubes, rope, corrugated cardboard, and PVC
pipe.

Design and ergonomics

Chair design considers intended usage, ergonomics (how comfortable it is for the occupant),
as well as non-ergonomic functional requirements such as size, stacking ability, folding
ability, weight, durability, stain resistance, and artistic design.

Seat height

Ergonomic design distributes the weight of the occupant to various parts of the body. This
is done by having an easily adjustable seat height. A seat that is higher results in dangling
feet and increased pressure on the underside of the knees ("popliteal fold"). It may also
result in no weight on the feet which means more weight elsewhere. A lower seat may shift
too much weight to the "seat bones" ("ischial tuberosities"). Gas springs are attached to the
body of the chair in order to give height adjustment and more comfort to the user.
Some chairs have foot rests. Around 15% of women and 2% of men need foot rests, even at
the 16-inch (41 cm) chair height. A stool or other simple chair may have a simple straight or
curved bar near the bottom for the sitter to place their feet on.

Actual chair dimensions are determined by measurements of the human body or

anthropometric measurements. The two most relevant anthropometric measurement for
chair design is the popliteal height and buttock popliteal length.

Reclining angle

Different types of chairs can have a variety of seating positions, depending on the intended
task. Typically, chairs intended for people completing work or dining can only recline very
slightly (otherwise the occupant is too far away from the desk or table). Dental chairs are
necessarily reclined. Research has shown that the best seated posture is a reclined posture
of 100°–110°. In order to recline, the back-rest may be independently adjustable. A reclining
seat and back will reduce the load on the occupant's back muscles. In general, if the
occupant is supposed to sit for a long time, weight needs to be taken off the seat area and
thus "easy" chairs intended for long periods of sitting are generally at least slightly reclined.

Back and head support

The back of the chair will support some of the weight of the occupant, reducing the weight
on other parts of the body. Some back-rests support only the lumbar region, while shoulder
height back-rests support the entire back and shoulders. Headrests support the head as well
and are important in vehicles for preventing "whiplash" neck injuries in rear-end collisions
where the head is jerked back suddenly. Reclining chairs typically have at least shoulder-
height back-rests to shift weight to the shoulders.

Padding

There may be cases where padding is not desirable, such as chairs that are intended
primarily for outdoor use. Where padding is not desirable, contouring may be used instead.
A contoured seat pan attempts to distribute weight without padding. By matching the
shape of the occupant's buttocks, weight is distributed and maximum pressure is reduced.

Armrests
A chair may or may not have armrests; chairs with armrests are termed "armchairs". In
French, a distinction is made between fauteuil and chaise, the terms for chairs with and
without armrests, respectively. In Germany, an armchair was once called a Krankensessel, or
sick-chair, because it was intended for people who were too ill to stand or sit without extra
support.If present, armrests will support part of the body weight through the arms if the
arms are resting on the armrests. Elbow rest height is used to determine the height of the
armrests. Armrests should support the forearm and not the sensitive elbow area. Hence in
some chair designs, the armrest is not continuous to the chair back, but is missing in the
elbow area. Armrests further have the function of making entry and exit from the chair
easier (but from the side it becomes more difficult).

Seat size and legroom

For someone seated, the buttock popliteal length is the horizontal distance from the back
most part of the buttocks to the back of the lower leg. Tness of the seat at thigh level) is so
small that it is sometimes insufficient for the average person.