Assignment

1. Simply explain ATP-ADP Cycle.

ATP (Adenosine tri-phosphate) is an important molecule found in all living things. Think of it as
the “energy currency” of the cell. If a cell needs to spend energy to accomplish a task, the ATP
molecule splits off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) +
phosphate. The energy holding that phosphate molecule is now released and available to do
work for the cell. When the cell has extra energy (gained from breaking down food that has
been consumed or, in the case of plants, made via photosynthesis), it stores that energy by
reattaching a free phosphate molecule to ADP, turning it back into ATP. The ATP molecule is just
like a rechargeable battery. When it’s fully charged, it’s ATP. When it’s run down, it’s ADP.
However, the battery doesn’t get thrown away when it’s run down–it just gets charged up again.

2. List the formulas of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

CR: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (Glucose + 6 Oxygen → 6 Carbon Dioxide + 6 Water)
P: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2 (6 Carbon Dioxide + 6 Water → Glucose + 6 Oxygen)

3. Fill the tables bellow:

Major Event and Features of Photosynthesis

Reaction Series Needed Materials End Products

1. Light independent reactions (take a. Light-energy; pigments a. Electrons
place in the thylakoid membrane) (chlorophyll)
a. Photochemical reactions b. Electrons, NADP+ , H2O, b. NADPH, oxygen gas
b. Electron transport electron acceptors
c. Chemiosmosis c. Proton gradient, ADP + P, c. ATP (adenosine
ATP synthase triphosphate)
2. Carbon fixation reactions (takes 2. Ribulose bisphosphate, CO2, 2. Carbohydrates, ADP + P,
place in stroma) ATP, NADPH, necessary NADP+
enzymes

Major Events and Features of Cellular Respiration

Stage Starting Materials End Products

1. Glycolysis (in cytosol)
2. Preparatory reaction
3. Citric Acid cycle
4. Electron transport and
chemiosmosis
Glucose, ATP, NAD+ , ADP Pi
Pyruvate, Coenzyme A, NAD+
Acetyl CoA, H2O, NAD+ , FAD, ADP
Pi
NADH, FADH2, O2, ADP Pi
Pyruvate, ATP, NADH
Acetyl CoA, CO2, NADH
CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP
ATP, H2O, NAD+ , FAD