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The General Self-Efficacy Scale is correlated to emotion, optimism, and work satisfaction. Negative
coefficients were found for depression, stress, health complaints, burnout, and anxiety.
Instructions
Below is a list of statements dealing with your general feelings about yourself. Please indicate how
strongly you agree or disagree with each statement.
References:
Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright,
& M. Johnston, Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs
(pp. 35-37). Windsor, UK: NFER-NELSON.
Scoring:
Not at all true Hardly true Moderately true Exactly true
All questions 1 2 3 4
The total score is calculated by finding the sum of all items. For the GSE, the total score ranges
between 10 and 40, with a higher score indicating more self-efficacy.
Self-efficacy is the belief that a person can finish a task or reach a goal. It is a person’s belief in their
ability to control their behavior, have an effect on their surroundings, and stay motivated to reach their
goal. People can have self-efficacy in school, work, relationships, and other important areas.
People may have a high sense of self-efficacy in areas where they believe they can excel, such as
school, work, friendships, parenting, sports, hobbies, and other activities.
People with low self-efficacy perceive difficult tasks as threats to be avoided. As a result, they avoid
setting goals and have low levels of commitment to the ones they do set.
When they experience setbacks, they tend to give up quickly. They are more likely to experience
feelings of failure and depression because they lack confidence in their ability to achieve. Stressful
situations can also be difficult to deal with, and people who lack self-efficacy are less resilient and
less likely to recover.
References:
Cherry, K. (2022). Self Efficacy and Why Believing in Yourself Matters? https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-self-
efficacy-2795954