Assignmeot No 2

Deioe Shearq- ive Example

A trans-fozmationactslants he Shape of an obiect
Colecthe Shear foansfai matlon- There oae 2shea trans-
e mtions -Shear Sheus One Shifts X co-oTlinaBes
values and othex shtb Y: aondinades values. Howeyer:
bolb the Cases oly one Co-oadioate_changes i osTdimdo
ane otaer psesexse its value Sheaaing isalss dermee as
S hna

xplain Hamogenaus o-oncdinaie System

o_peHerm a Sepuence_ol anskaxmafion Such astnanslation
ollocw by molafion Scalling e_peea fo ellaco a
Sequeoia paOcess-
1Tanslate he Co-ancinate
Retade the ianslated cocndinates, and then
Scale he otated co-ondinaley to complete the Compasite
cns ex mation.
lo Shor ten ths pTo cegs, Cuehave te Use 3x3 tsanstexm tam
madmx insteao of 2x2 translezmadion matix lo convent
mmy
2x2 madnx to x 3 Matmxcue have to add an extra du

we Con epesent he paint by number

Lo ihi uay,
benslhich _s calecd Homoa nouS Co
10Sieadol2 m
SysiemJo thS SusBem,uwe Can nepresent all
-Oscliocute
transfox mation eq uakions io maiX homoqenaus
fhe
Ca -0clinate by P(Xh, %uh)
 wha is Scaliog 9Wth (xplain example 2
0 change the ize of an obiect Scalinq Haorgfo
is Osec the Scalling process, you etber exo
Campres the elimersion of the pebject Scaling an
acbdvee by multipling the oriaina) Co-0dinafes of
object aih the scalla factoy oqeB the desireo e
Let us assume that be the osisa ooncdia)es g
X,Yhe Sraling foctons are (S,Sy)>aod e prod
Co nades ac X,y'Tus can be mathemahcaly
epresented as Shown belotw
xXSk y=y.Sy
The Scaling factoy SxSy scales the shject n XY
dection zesp riively he abave_equatoos a n also b e
epreseoted in matma farm.as belatu
Sa 0
Y Sy

p P.s
whereS is the scallim malrix The stalinq
proress is,shown in the follaii fiqu
15

5
S

If we provide values legs ton I to the Scalioq facteni

then we can zedre the size ofobjet-JNwe provide va
geades than i, wilben we_Caun ioceose the Size
FOR EDUCATIONAL USE
 in
List diffeent Jypes of transfor mat ion 9 C1aplain
Shor
Tanslationi Tt is the siraight line movement of
aobject A2om one positioo to andher is caled
hanslation Hlee the object is psaitioned from 0ne
date locationto coothe
Sculing Ln Camputey gsaphits, zelezs to alieaing the
Size
a spite to make thè sprie_appeas narer oi
fagih from he phyer!s_point of vies. I is a tzansfr-
maon that change the Size 01 Sshape of anabiect_
Rotction Tt is a paocess_ot changing the angle o
Hheabiect-Kofahon_can be cloclktwise on anticlockise
fon rotati0n, e baue to specifu toe angle of otatisn and
Ddation pont. Retaton paiat is alsocalled a pivot point
| t is paindt obout cuhich object s Totated
SheaningA tnansformahon that slants the Shape
ofan abect is calledl Hoe sheag txonsfenmhon
There
ae 2 Shear transfonmadions X-Sheo 1-Shear One Shif
xO-odinade values otthes Shifts Y-Ooxdincde Value?. Sheming
s also dex meal a gkeuing
5 Relectt0nTt 1 a taansfor maton which produces a mizrOT
mage of an abiect The minor image Can he eithe
about axis oa Y-axi5

FOR EDUCATIONAL USE

 H number oftrangirrrnoi
-Campos1e T7ansformation
mation Con be om bined int
0SPguence of oansfoa
ene caled Campoi1on.The
a s u lhng m
Single ombin.
iS Caled as_camposite matix The pao.ceps of
is callecd as concat enation

5 olaio the cohen-utherland line clipping algorihn

i h Suitable edmple.
S algorithm uses the_clipping_wndato) as shaw
nthe fallacwing iguTe-lhe minimum coOrclinaTe ter_
he clipping an is Xhmin,Wmin)cndl tne
maaimam clinode fo1 the tlipping egionS
CAWmad, Ywmoa)
We_caillLse 4-bits to diuide the entire neqion
nee 4bits nepnaseni the top Pattom,Riglat Lek al
the TeqLan as shoun io the fallacuing feigune Het tz
10 GFT bit is set of Lbecause it is the ToP-LEfIA
Tu 0O

4090- Ooto

10 100

Aaothm
2itp Reaol[Aoh inin)Kmara Ymaa-Louey-este
Top 7igkt (atnt of clipping cainda
itpa RenolA(X,Y B[aY.) ene paints ofliot
 .

|O
 U

O
 Write 0 Sho t e on the doch Luave
od chCUrve beqins wih the straighi ioe:Tt dviclez th
ine inio thzee_seamenis: Ihe_mdle eormeot: c2 midd e
Seameo i ephced bs 2side of on e2ilaterl taion
witn the apepoiotiog outside Nowe have fur se qofmi
SSome proress zec2a12o 0nthere o2men
Tener proceclure far Qpneratnq the lKach Cuye can be
SlaBed as
Divide c straght ine foto equal p11
2 Ua Cn equilateral triaale on ne mid-le sema0t
inting n ao otard drerton ui bas2_othe
midSie semRot
3- kemave he ine_middle line Seament

Gentnab
maTe
s proredure s aepeateo aguo d aaain 7o achiR
Ond o 0re Snoghne On e cue
faattalswe sia
(onstauct, deiermineLSisel£-Smilan
tne initiator.h Sae 0 he
Callea
i n aeomtiic shapes
nen ep ead edu ep laceo oy qeneTcdor_patttnn
iniioio7
dorerodr pattern 48r thekotch Cuve
=heintiay
seqmen of io'tiois isTeplareel by feeyY Seam'nt
Cach Jne
rady aly, tne length of initiator iteds
O h e9enetodon aadded
moTe moMe deiu cre
t o i n fioty whth
cuye
 Generotion he Koicb Curve
Stalehe
eyazious roper lhe O B Scaline tuve.
r esie B-SDa ine Crve
Deq ee o polu nomia loen nat depernd
on the number
Df ontao paiot
B-Spine cogves do not inttpolede any o 4he
Cootrol ponts
he qene Taied paluno.mia bap
nhesent cd oegnee d-1 b
paramenC Cop nuity
he cuTve has 'Dibending
fuchion itstis
oescibed Laih ot1 aoto pointt.
-Size of knad vecdor is
e p4d4|
eome ang O pra meter+
hid) s_ dided 10
Subin teryal .

-Spioe allotuS lacal contaol

c2 Capti nuity is
ach
inherent oB-Splfne
Spline CUTve seg ment affected byd
Poats_
s

FChange in One comoo Point a t mast

d
undaram
e Cu ve Seetions.
otluence Sha pe OF
FOR
EDUCATIONAL USF
 Lplauo lhe bezier (unve uth ts paape1 Lie.
- Beier CUVe uwas s t iovenieal by Pierre Bezier. Due
o its nice propesties , Bezier (turves are widely usedin
nainceing oleigans cAD packaqer
c u i e is apeaisieod bya set of Carol_caiat.Poitioo o
C o o pao's CD odaols he shape of the Luve Etting a Single
tmeol Ahe higker degmee toall the achzol poin ss
diffica NomaNythe big (umveis apemximated bu iaining
piececuse palunomiaus oJower oegyee, which oppaoxi.mode {e
Coro paiois_anly
Loca cCootao r Repositionioq one copmol paint change the
eotire cÖTve
Glo bal Contrro Repositioning one_contzol paint does changer
he em ire cCuTve
Bezien cuve can appo ximafe _ans
- w t h cobic polynomias,
the Bezier_CuTVe, the_degree of_
number_of Cantrol poiots.Jo
number of Contaol paiots useo
to
palynomia depencls on a
qenere_CUTe seqmet
Bezier Curvethe deanee oFAhe p0lu.nomlaiialwa
Tn thc pojnts Bezier Cuae
aneeSI than a number oP Cantnol
Contzol points having a deanee ot
Coith thTee, Faurfive
pecfivels
Aao,three t o u , DeS
Palyn0.mia/

ca ther cøn ven hul

2,3y
(UTveg of degoee
Cezier FRR EDUCATIONAL USE
 Wth ntl aotro poials parametric equah0n o beie
Cove appToximating poiois po ta pPn

Pt) p8EZisn
U,ostsL

Bleaodiog funchHonS-of Bezien curve ane aisectly

eleived from Bernstin lolyomials
BEZ;,nlt) =C¢n,i) A(1--1

ICfni) is the binomial CoefCicient:

C ni) n
(n-i)!!
Bezie Curve equatio0 oy eoch clirechon 13 ostteno

J20

Propertiel 0 bezier Cuvei

- Deasee ot the UTe is one leas than o num
o Conto poin
-Oezier CUTve_alwoy staiisthe the Can ex hl
p Opety
Palunomia Smaothy fellouas He Cantepint
Caith Out much agillation
-The basis 4ur HonS_ase Tea