Definition of terms

Technology dependence - Defined as a condition where a

human can’t work a certain activity without a use of
some device

Modern technology - Is a tool that students can use to

make life easier

Learning engagement - Is the ability to motivationally

and behaviorally engage in an effective learning procecss

Spoon-feeding - In education can be defined as the

process of teachers directly telling students everything
they need to know about the requirements of a specific
task, thus requiring little independent thought on their
part (Smith, 2008)

Self-efficacy - Refers to an individual’s belief in his

or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to
producee specific performance attainments.

Technology-based - Relating to the practical use of

technology in business and industry