Village Attachment PDF

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA
A comprehensive report on
RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE
PROGRAMME (RAWE)-VA-402
UNDER ‘READY’ FOR THE FULFILMENT OF 7th SEMESTER COURSE
OF B.Sc. (HONS) Agriculture
SUBMITTED BY: -SATPAL
ROLL NO. :- 1801101049
BATCH NO. :- 2018-2019
Course: - B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture
Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University,
Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar – 848125

PRA is an exercise that deals with temporal and spatial issues in agricultural
activities. Spatial information supplies the database about soil type water
resources, land use, land pattern and topography of different life support system.
Temporal data helps in seasonal analysis adoption and awareness about the new
technologies and human dimension helps in knowing the facts about the
participation, general issues, disaggregation, cultural values and ethics of the
people of that locality.
OBJECTIVES OF PRA:-
The overall objectives of the PRA are to provide the newly recruited scientists an
opportunity for gaining first-hand experience and an insight into agricultural and
rural development scenario in general and the problems of the farming
community in particular. It also give an opportunities to young students to have
knowledge about the various complex interactions of agricultural research with
production, processing, value addition and marketing systems in the rural areas.
THE ACTIVITIES UNDER PRA:-

 Transect walk; agro-ecosystem analysis to develop agro-ecology map of
the attached region.
 Preparation of Mobility map, Seasonal calendars, Gender disaggregated
calendars, Time line, Time trend, Venn diagram, Social Map, Bio-resource
flow diagram.
 Identification of problems and their ranking. Preparation of Problem tree
and causal diagram for the top most researchable problem identified by
the farmers.
 Interaction with officials of development departments like Agriculture,
Animal husbandry, Forestry, Fisheries, Rural development etc.; official of
non- governmental organisation; Panchayat officials; Dealers and
representative of input supply Agencies, marketing networks etc.
The specific objectives of this programme are:-

 To provide an opportunity to the trainee students for interaction with the
farming community and to get an insight into their ways of living, needs,
resources, priorities, problems and prospects.
 To enable the trainee students to understand the adoption profile of
farming community.
 To provide an opportunity to the trainee students to understand the
technology adoption, diffusion process and the factors associated with
adoption and related concepts.
 To provide an opportunity to the trainee students to understand the
extension system and transfer of technology (TOT) operating in the village.
 To provide an opportunity to the trainee students to gain an insight and
appreciation about indigenous technical knowledge (ITK`s) of farmers and
to generate appropriate technologies if scientifically valid.
 To enable the trainee students to discuss the problem and identify field
related problems.
 To inculcate the culture of teamwork and multi-disciplinary perspective
among students.
 To study socio-economic implications and consequences of technologies,
products and processes.
 To generate a detailed account of technology products and processes used
by producers with respect to production scenario, problems,
opportunities, and futuristic approaches.
 To provide comprehensive insight into the role of private industry and
other Stakeholders in value chain.
The principle and methods of PRA was adhered for gathering

information on different topics:-
i. Basic information about the village
ii. General Transect
iii. Agro-ecological map
iv. Social map
v. Resource map
vi. Bio-resource flow
vii. Daily routine and activity profile
viii. Seasonal calendar and problems analysis
ix. Time line
x. Time trend
xi. Indigenous technical knowledge
xii. Researchable issue
We RAWE students were allotted a task of getting a survey report of a village to

their crops, livestock, weather, annual income and these data were collected by
us. Different crops that grew on the field of that village were paddy, wheat, maize,
sorghum and many more like chilly, tomato, cauliflower, and brinjal for their
daily needs. In during survey of the village we got to know different problems
faced by the farmers at the ground level.
BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT VILLAGES:-

Name village DAULATPUR DIGGHI KALA LAL POKHAR
Block Hajipur Hajipur Hajipur
District Vaishali Vaishali Vaishali
State Bihar Bihar Bihar
Total area 350 acre 90 acre 75 acre
Gross cropped area 350 acre 90 acre 75 acre
Net cultivated area 200 acre 55 acre 40 acre
Up land 200 acre 40 acre 40 acre
Irrigated area 80 % 24 % 51%
Cropping intensity 200 % 200 % 200%
Low land 100 acre 50 acre 35 acre
Pond 5 3 1
DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERNS
CATEGORIES DAULATPUR DIGGHI KALA LAL POKHAR
No. of household 300 462 130
Total population 1000 2000 700
No of males 500 1000 360
No of females 350 1000 320
Literacy ( average ) 65 % 63 % 61%
Male literacy 55 % 52 % 55%
Female literacy 20 % 18 % 21%
Number of temple 1 3 1
Number of school 1 3 1
Number of hospital 1 0 0
Kharif crops: - Rice, Maize, Pigeon Pea mainly.
Rabi Crops: -Wheat, Potato, Mustard, Lentil mainly.
Horticultural crops:-
1. Fruit: Mango, Litchi, Banana, Guava

2. Vegetables: Okra, Cauliflower, Brinjal, Cucumber, Potato, Tomato, Bitter
gourd, Bottle gourd, Pumpkin etc.
3. Spice: Coriander ,Turmeric , Garlic, Onion
4. In Daulatpur lots of people are growing marigold in flowering plants.
Animal Husbandry:-
 Type of Animals: Cow, Buffalo, Goat
Transect is the walk through the village in a particular direction along with some
key informants. The main objective of the transect is to understand and study the
major land uses, topographical pattern, water resources, crops, natural
vegetation, livestock and different ecological zones by observing, interacting and
discussing with the key informants, while walking in the decided direction. The
items for discussion included topics like soil type, land use pattern, land slope,
soil type, soil fertility status, water recourses, crops, weeds, insect pests, disease,
trees, lives stock and fish.
Observations:-
Transect walk through the village show the following observations:
 Village had both types of roads concrete and kachcha roads.

 The entire village may divide into two parts; one is upland and another is
low land
 Upland area contains mostly residential area with some vegetables grown
area.
 Residential area was having mostly the concrete house and few kachcha
houses or hut like structure.
 Vegetable crops grown in upland are cucurbits, okra, Amaranths, pumpkin,
bitter guard, pointed guard, bottle guard etc.
 Some household having cattle’s and goats.
 In low-land area mostly cereals crop were grown. Rice was major crop
among cereals. Apart from rice, forage crop were also grown in some
areas.
Total no. of Family DAULATPUR DIGGHI KALA LAL POKHAR CAST
3OO 157 130 Rajput, Yadav,Teli ,dhobi
Kushwaha, Rai
No. of Unreserved 50 30 25 Rajput
No. of OBC Family 210 88 45 Teli, Kurmi,Yadav,
Kushwaha
No. of SC family 40 26 35 Charmakar ,Dhobi
Hindu 1200 785 452
Muslim 10 00 00
Table Showing Resources of DAULATPUR, DIGGI-KALA & LAL-
POKHAR
Particulars Articles
Transport facilities Auto rickshaw, Bolero, motor bike, bicycle, two wheeler
etc.
Drinking water facility Hand pumps, bore well,
Communication Television, radio, mobiles, daily newspapers.
facilities
Health and welfare No proper health facility inside village, villagers are
societies information dependent on local doctor or near to local city
Supply and service Public Distribution System
agency
Agriculture implements Tractor, power tiller, cultivator, disc harrow, sprayer, country
plough,Khurpi, Weeder, bullock cart, rice hulling machine
Animals use for Cows (Sahiwal, frizian Sindhi, Cross breeds, local breed and
agriculture Jersey) for milk and cow dung Buffaloes murrah (local
breed) for milk Goat farming
Advisory facilities
information KVK, Hariharpur, Vaishali
DAILY ROUTINE AND ACTIVITY PROFILE:-
Daily routine refers to both economic and uneconomic activities of the men and
women of the village. The key informants interviewed were middle- aged men or
women who are belonging to farming communities. In both the villages
agriculture is the basic activity they do. Aanganbadi services are quite active here
and women are actively participating in every activity.
In Daulatpur and Digghi kala mostly people are producing vegetable crops and
marigold and tobacco selling are two important cash crops.
SEASONAL CALENDAR AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS:-
Seasonal calendar of agricultural practices depicts the time-to-time crop related
operations being carried out in the existing farm situation. The main crops of all
villages are Rice, Wheat and Mustard. Besides these they are also involved in
growing Maize, Green gram, Lentil, Arhar Potato, Cauliflower, Brinjal, Tomato,
etc. A few farmers are also cultivated Mango, Litchi and Banana.
MAJOR PROBLEMS FACED BY BOTH THE VILLAGES ARE-
 Blue bull is big problem in both villages.

 Transport facility is also an issue, though both the villages are connected
to NH-22, still they face problems regarding transportation.
 Irrigation facility is also problem for many.
 Labour is also not available or labour cost is very high.
 People are less aware and don’t know about many government reforms.
TIME LINE:-
Time line is a tool of PRA technique used to know the history of major
remembered events in community and their significance. It indicates the causal
link between past and present. The purpose of this tool is to obtain historical
account of changes in demography, socio-economic condition, communication,
social relationship and interaction, technology diffusion and adoption etc.
Information regarding the important events like the development in agriculture
and animal husbandry is collected from the key informants, preferably elderly
people of the village.
TIME TREND:-
Time trend or change analysis refers to how practices and things close to the
farming have changed. The changes could be changes in land use and cropping
patterns, migration, fuel usage and changes in cropping pattern. Time trend
shows changes over time and can be used for many variables like yield, area
under cultivation, livestock population, prices, etc.
Time trend for paddy:-
The area under rice is increasing in first three decades, and then from 2000 to
2021 it declined this is because of low rainfall, scarcity of storage unit and good
market. Graph showed that area under paddy was declined from 1980 (90 acre)
to 2021 (60 acre). As shown in the graph the price of paddy from 1980 to 2021
shows an increasing trend with the price Rs. 200-1250/quintal respectively.
1600
1400
1200
1000
Paddy Price (Rs./Q)
800
Paddy Area(in acre)
600 Paddy Production (q/ha)
400
200
0
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2021
INDIGENOUS TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE (ITK):-
The various ITKs discussed and written by the villagers and key informants are
discussed below.
 Ash is applied in seedbeds and in the field of Onion before sowing and
planting for development and improvement of quality of bulbs.
 Deep ploughing is taken up in summer in dry lands for avoiding hard pan
in soil, improving water holding capacity and pest control.
 To prevent storage pests in Paddy, Neem leaves and plants which emanate
pungent smell are kept along with grains.
 Sheep are penned in fields prior to ploughing, to enrich fertility status of
the soil.
RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSALS:-
A. Based on the problems and research gaps identified, the following
research projects are proposed.
 Development of area sound/irradiation based device for controlling
blue bulls in agricultural field.
 Introduction of integrated fish culture for sustainable farming and
efficient utilisation of resources.
 Cluster demonstration of seed production and certification as per
organic farming guidelines.
 Growing of off season vegetables with intercropping under low cost
poly houses.
 Introduction of Mobile app. based co-operative marketing channel
with the nearby organized markets.
 Sprinkler and drip irrigation based management of Agricultural
field.
 Introduction of area based Agro forestry system to increase farm
income.
B. Litchi based Agro-horticulture system:
 Litchi (Sahi) + (Turmeric/ Ginger/ Colocasia)
C. Poplar/ Sesame/ Teak/ Semal based Agro-silviculture system:
 Poplar (G3 clone) + Maize Suwan (Rainy) + Wheat HUW 234
(winter) for 4 years and Turmeric cv. Rajendra Sonia for 5-9 years
D. Aonla based Agro-horticulture system:
 Aonla cv. NA-7 + Turmeric (Rajendra Sonia) or Colocasia (Colocasia
sculenta)
CONCLUSION FROM PRA OF THE VILLAGES:-
After conducting PRA I got to know a lot about the situation of Indian farmers.
KVK is performing its activity well still farmers are not aware of many reforms
and subsidies provided by the government. With changing time, many farmers
are leaving agriculture and shifting towards jobs and other business sector. The
reason behind is many like lack of knowledge, resources, growing population,
decreasing land and abnormal climatic conditions. Still there are farmers who are
standing strong and are trying to improvise there their techniques and enhancing
their productivity.
Despite all the problems, I came across some young generation who were
interested in agriculture and were aiming to expand their family legacy.
VILLAGE SURVEY FORM
1. Name of the village- Daulatpur
2. Name of the block- Hajipur
3. Name of the district- Vaishali
PART-01(PERSONAL PROFILE)
1. Name of the respondent- Parash Nath
2. Age (in a years) – 77
3. Religion –Hindu
4. Cast -OBC
5. Occupation :Main- Farming
6. Marital Status: Married- YES
7. Education Attainment: Junior high school.
8. Yearly income: Rs.-80000
9. Types of family: Nuclear
10. Size of the family: Male -3 b) female- 3 c) children -4
11. Type of house : semi- cemented
12. Size of land holding: below 1-hectare
13. Farm power: a) Bullock b) Tractor c) Pump-set
14. Material possession: a) Bullock cart b) cycle c) motor cycle
15. Social participation:(Are you member of any organisation)-None
PART 2-(AGRICULTURE &ANIMAL HUSBANDRY)
1. Is agriculture your main occupation-YES
2. Out of the total area how much do you do farming (acre)- 1.5 ac.
3. Do you own or lease the land you farm- YES
4. What are the main crops- Paddy, wheat, Potato
5. Do you use green manure crop- Yes
6. Do you use fertilizers-Yes
7. Which method do you use for applying fertilizers- Broadcasting
8. Which vegetables grow for a) Home consumption- Potato,

Tomato, Brinjal b) Sale- Potato, Tomato, Brinjal
9. What is the most common practise of rental arrangement of land in

this village-Fixed Renting
10. What are the common pest and diseases of different crops you
commonly found- Stem borer
11. Are you using HYV Seeds? If yes, please mention the name of the
crop- YES, wheat
12. Are you involved in applying the plant protection chemicals? If yes
which method have you adopted. - YES (By sprayer)
13. What kind of irrigation source do you have- Tube well
14. What are the major livestock in your farm- Cow, Buffalos.
15. How do you use cow dung- Manure
16. How do you use milk-Domestic purpose
17. Do you make use of veterinary services-Yes
18. Do you vaccinated your animals-Yes

PART -3 (RURAL DEVELOPMENT)
1. Have you heard any agricultural development programmes-Yes
2. Please tell me the names of some development programmes:
SL.NO Development programmes Response

.
NO
1. Community Development programme (CDP)
YES
2. High yielding varieties programme (HYVP)
NO
3. National agricultural technology project(NATP)
YES
4. Krishi vigyan kendra (KVK)
NO
5. Institute village linkage programme(IVLP)
NO
6. National agricultural technologyprogramme(NATP)
YES
7. Kissan credit card(KCC)
YES
8. Self-help groups(SHGs)
PART -4 (PROBLEM FACED BY FARMERS)
1. What are the common problems in your village?
S.No PROBLEMS
Small and fragmented land-holdings.
1
Unavailability of good quality of seeds.
2
Manures, Fertilizers and Biocides
3
Irrigation- water logging major problem in rainy season
4
Lack of mechanization.
5
Large tracts of fertile land suffer from soil erosion by water.
6
In the absence of “Marketing facilities” the farmers have to depend upon local
7 traders and middlemen for the disposal of their farm produce which is sold at
throw-away price.
Scarcity of capital.
8
Blue bull is big problem in all villages.
9
2. What are your suggestions to solve those problems?
S.N. SUGGESTIONS
1 Arrange machinery on lease to farmers
2 Farmers’ Education is Vital.
3 Better Water Management.
4 The Requirement for Crop Insurance.
NAME OF THE STUDENT- SATPAL
I.D NO-1801101049
CLASS- 7TH SEMESTER
SIGNATURE-
VILLAGE SURVEY FORM
1. Name of the village- Lal Pokhar
1. Name of the respondent- Mukesh Rai
4. Cast -OBC
7. Education Attainment: Matric
9. Types of family: Joint
11. Type of house : Cemented
12. Size of land holding: above 2 hactare


crop- YES, wheat


.
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
S.No PROBLEMS
1
2
3
4
5
6
throw-away price.
8
9
S.N. SUGGESTIONS
I.D NO-1801101049
CLASS- 7TH SEMESTER
SIGNATURE-
VILLAGE SURVEY FORM
1. Name of the village- Lal Pokhar
1. Name of the respondent- Chandeshwar Rai
4. Cast -OBC
7. Education Attainment: Matric..
12. Size of land holding: 1-hectare


crop- YES, wheat
17. Do you make use of veterinary services-No
18. Do you vaccinated your animals-No


.
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
S.No PROBLEMS
1
2
3
4
5
6
throw-away price.
8
9
S.N. SUGGESTIONS
I.D NO-1801101049
CLASS- 7TH SEMESTER
SIGNATURE-
VILLAGE SURVEY FORM
1. Name of the village- Digghi Kala
1. Name of the respondent- Sarita Devi
4. Cast -SC
12. Size of land holding: below 1-hectare


crop- YES, wheat


.
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
S.No PROBLEMS
1
2
3
4
5
6
throw-away price.
8
9
S.N. SUGGESTIONS
I.D NO-1801101049
CLASS- 7TH SEMESTER
SIGNATURE-
VILLAGE SURVEY FORM
1. Name of the village- Digghi Kala
1. Name of the respondent- Raghunath Prasad
4. Cast -OBC
9. Types of family: joint
11. Type of house : cemented
12. Size of land holding: 2 hectare


crop- YES, wheat


.
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
S.No PROBLEMS
1
2
3
4
5
6
throw-away price.
8
9
S.N. SUGGESTIONS
I.D NO-1801101049
CLASS- 7TH SEMESTER
SIGNATURE-
CONCLUSION
After completing the whole RAWE programme of 7th semester, I got to
learn a lot and for that I am highly thankful to whole KVK Hariharpur team.
I am thankful to to Dr. Sunita Kushwah, PC of KVK, HariharpurDr. Sunita
Kumari (SMS Agronomy) , Mr.Prem Prakash Gautam (SMS Plant
Protection), Ms.Varsha Kumari ( SMS Home Science), Sanjeev sir, Preeti
Ma’am , Savita Ma’am for giving their time and putting a lot of efforts in
explaining me every aspect thoroughly . Whatever theory I learned in 4
years of B.Sc. Agriculture, almost everything was explained practically in
KVK. This RAWE provided me opportunity to deal with basic problems of
farmers and experience every aspect of agriculture practically. It was a
great learning adventure for me and I have tried to gain everything I have
been offered. This whole experience has provided I a base which I am sure
will definitely benefit me in future.

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KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA

SUBMITTED BY: -SATPAL

ROLL NO. :- 1801101049

BATCH NO. :- 2018-2019

Course: - B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture

Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University,

Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar – 848125

THE ACTIVITIES UNDER PRA:-

The specific objectives of this programme are:-

The principle and methods of PRA was adhered for gathering

We RAWE students were allotted a task of getting a survey report of a village to

BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT VILLAGES:-

Rabi Crops: -Wheat, Potato, Mustard, Lentil mainly.

1. Fruit: Mango, Litchi, Banana, Guava

 Type of Animals: Cow, Buffalo, Goat

 Village had both types of roads concrete and kachcha roads.

MAJOR PROBLEMS FACED BY BOTH THE VILLAGES ARE-

 Blue bull is big problem in both villages.

Time trend for paddy:-

3. Do you own or lease the land you farm- YES

4. What are the main crops- Paddy, wheat, Potato

5. Do you use green manure crop- Yes

6. Do you use fertilizers-Yes

7. Which method do you use for applying fertilizers- Broadcasting

8. Which vegetables grow for a) Home consumption- Potato,

9. What is the most common practise of rental arrangement of land in

13. What kind of irrigation source do you have- Tube well

15. How do you use cow dung- Manure

16. How do you use milk-Domestic purpose

17. Do you make use of veterinary services-Yes

18. Do you vaccinated your animals-Yes

2. Please tell me the names of some development programmes:

SL.NO Development programmes Response

2. What are your suggestions to solve those problems?

NAME OF THE STUDENT- SATPAL

CLASS- 7TH SEMESTER

3. Do you own or lease the land you farm- YES

4. What are the main crops- Paddy, wheat, Potato

5. Do you use green manure crop- Yes

6. Do you use fertilizers-Yes

7. Which method do you use for applying fertilizers- Broadcasting

8. Which vegetables grow for a) Home consumption- Potato,

9. What is the most common practise of rental arrangement of land in

13. What kind of irrigation source do you have- Tube well

15. How do you use cow dung- Manure

16. How do you use milk-Domestic purpose

17. Do you make use of veterinary services-Yes

18. Do you vaccinated your animals-Yes

2. Please tell me the names of some development programmes:

SL.NO Development programmes Response

4. What are your suggestions to solve those problems?

NAME OF THE STUDENT- SATPAL

CLASS- 7TH SEMESTER

3. Do you own or lease the land you farm- YES

4. What are the main crops- Paddy, wheat, Potato

5. Do you use green manure crop- Yes

6. Do you use fertilizers-Yes

7. Which method do you use for applying fertilizers- Broadcasting

8. Which vegetables grow for a) Home consumption- Potato,

9. What is the most common practise of rental arrangement of land in

13. What kind of irrigation source do you have- Tube well

15. How do you use cow dung- Manure