ANODE:

anion
positve
forms non metal(except hydrogen)
attracts negative charged ions
Negative ions (anions) in the electrolyte move towards the anode where they lose
electrons

CATHODE
cathion
negative
forms metals or hydrogen
Positive ions (cations) in the electrolyte move towards the cathode where they gain
electrons

For a concentrated solution of barium chloride, the Cl- ions are

discharged more readily than the OH- ions, so chlorine gas is produced at the
anode.
If the solution is dilute however only the OH- ion is discharged and so oxygen
would be formed.

observations during electrolysis of aqueous copper(II)sulfate:

copper metal is deposited on the cathode in a reddish pink colour
if copper electrodes then copper anode dissloves.

observations during electrolysis of aqueous copper(II)sulfate with carbon

electrodes:
at anode: colorless gas forms
electrlyte: blue color fades beacause copper ions removed (at negative ele ctrode)
cathode: pink solid forms
As the copper ions from the electrolyte get discharged, the blue colour of copper
sulphate becomes paler
and finally, a colourless sulphuric acid is formed by the combination of H+ and
SO42− ions in the
electrolyte.

electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide:

cryolite is added to oxide to extract pure aluminium to reduce energy costs
cathode: Al(3+) +3e → Al (reduced) product= liquid aluminium
anode: 2O(2-)→O(2)-4e (oxidised) peoduct= oxygen
graphite elctrodes as they can conduct electricity
aluminium collected at bottom
aluminium and aluminium oxide both are liquid during this process
the positive carbpn electrodes lose mass during this process and needs regular
replacement.