]pd-∏mSv

82
 83

]pd-∏mSv
BapJw
ssZh-Øns‚ c£-Wy-{]-hr-Øn-I-fpsS A¿∞-h-Ømb Hcp BJym-\-ambn ssZh-im-kv{XsØ ImWp-
∂hsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ ]pd-∏mSp ]pkvXIw Hgn-sI-bp≈ _m°n-]p-kvX-
I-ß-fpsS hnh-c-W-ßsf Iq´n-bn-W-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ AXn-t{i-jvT-am-sbmcp amXrI ]pd. 1-˛5 hmIy-
ß-ƒ \evIp-∂p. P\-X-Xn-I-fpsS Bcm-[\m Pohn-X-Øns‚ Dev]-∂-ambn ]g-b-\n-b-asØ ImWp-∂-
h¿°v s]k-lm-bpsS ÿm]\ kw_-‘-amb hnh-c-ß-fpw, bn{km-tb-ens‚ D’-h-ß-fpsS AXn-t{i-
jvThpw D∂-X-hp-amb kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Ifpw.................-]p-d-∏mSp ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ lrZ-b-`m-K-Øp-Xs∂
InS-∏p-≠v. ]n∂o-Sp≈ bn{km-tb¬ P\-Øns‚ ]cn-Nn-¥-\-Øn-s‚bpw Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw tI{µ-ambn
ssZh-Øns‚ tXmdsb AYhm Ahs‚ \ymb-{]-am-WsØ ImWp-∂-hsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]pd-
∏mSv ]pkvXIw \nbaw \evIp-∂-Xn\p {][m\ ÿm\w \evIp-Ibpw \nb-a-Øns‚ kq£va-kØv ]Øp-
I-ev]-\-I-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈p-Ibpw sNøp∂p .
B¿ Ae≥ tImƒ

I. Imt\m\nse AXp-ey-amb ÿm\w
]pd- ∏ mSp ]pkv X Iw ({Ko- ° n¬ ˛hn´p- t ]m- c p- I )
tbmtk-^ns‚ ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ bn{km-tb-ey-cpsS hnh-
c-W-߃ tiJ-cn-s®-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. an{k-bo-anse
400 kwh-’-c-°m-esØ ASn-a-ØzØn¬ \n∂p-ap≈
bn{km-tbens‚ hnSp-X-en-emWv s]k-lm-bn-ep≈ blqZ
hnizm-km-Sn-ÿm-\-߃ thcq-∂n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬
Zp¿hm-in-°m-c-\mb ^d-thm≥ F{_m-b-cpsS ssZhsØ
a\- n-em-°p-I-bpw, temIsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw
thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ {]Xy£ Nn{Xo-I-c-W-amb `bm-\-
I-amb ]Øp _m[-Iƒ Xs‚ cmPy-Øp-≈-h¿ A\p`hn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-\p-tijw am{X-am-Wv bn{km-tb¬
P\w hnSp-hn-°-s∏-´-Xv.
sN¶-S¬ IS∂ hnh-c-Ww, B›-cy-I-c-amb a‰-t\Iw
AXv`qX-{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ, ko\mbn ]¿∆-X-Øn¬h®v Iev]-
\-Iƒ \evIp-∂-Xv, kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-csØ kw_-‘n-®p≈
hni-Z-amb \n¿t±-i-߃ F∂n-h-sIm≠v at\m-l-c-amb
Cu ]pkvXIw ]q¿Øn-bm-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
II. {KŸ-I¿ØrXzw
]©-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnse a‰p-]p-kvX-I-ß-sf-t∏mse tamsi-
bpsS c≠mw ]pkvXI - hpw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ tamsi Xs∂-
bmWv Fgp- X n- b - s X∂ blqZ ]mc- º - c y- s Ø- b pw
{InkvXob ImgvN-∏m-Sn-s\-bp-amWv R߃ B{i-bn-®n-
cn-°p-∂Xv. Cu A`n-{]m-b-Øns‚ c£-tWm-]m-[n-°p-
th≠n ]©-{K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS BapJw t\m°p-I.
III. Fgp-Xnb Imew
an{k-bo-an¬ \n∂p≈ ]pd-∏m-Sns‚ kabw B.C. 1580
\pw B.C. 1230\pw BWv F∂v thZ-]p-kvXI ]fin-
X-∑m¿ IW-°m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. item-tam≥ ssZhm-ebw
]Wn-bp-hm≥ XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\p 480 h¿j-߃°p apºm-
bn-cp∂p ]pd-∏mSv \S-∂-sX∂v 1 cmPm. 6:1¬ ]d-bp∂p.
Beb-Øns‚ ]Wn GI-tZiw B.C. 960 ¬ Bbn-cp-∂-
Xp-sIm-≠v,. IqSp-X¬ bmYm-ÿn-I Nn¥m-K-Xn-bp≈ Xob-
Xn-bmb B.C. 1440 embn-cn°pw ]pd-∏mSv \S-∂-Xv. ]pcm-
hkvXp Kth-jWw AXn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ Hcp XobXn (C.
1290 BC) sbbmWv ]n≥Xm-ßp-∂-sX∂v ]e ]fin-X-
∑mcpw ka¿∞n-°p-∂p, F∂m¬ ]pcm-hkvXp KthjW
{]Im-c-ap≈ a‰p I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ß-fn¬ BZyw Fgp-Xnb
XobXn IqSp-X¬ A\p-tbm-Pyambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.
IrXy-am-sbmcp XobXn \n›-bn-°p-hm≥ \ap°p Xo¿®-
bmbpw Ign-bp-I-bn-√, F∂m¬ ]cn-K-W-\o-b-amb Imcy-
ß-sf√mw h®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ ]pd-∏mSv kw`hw kw_-
‘n- ® p≈ apºsØ Xnb- X n- b mb 1440- ˛ Dw ]pd- ∏ mSv
]pkvXIw kw_-‘n-®p≈ GI-tZiw ]n∂o-Sp≈ Xnb-
Xnbpw IqSp-X¬ AwKo-Imc tbmKy-am-Wv.
IV. ]›m-Ø-ehpw hnj-bhpw
Dev]Øn ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Ah-km-\`m-KØv \mw
Ah-ti-jn-∏n-®-\n-e-bn¬ Xs∂, ]pd-∏mSv ]pkvXIw Xpd-
°p-tºmƒ an{k-bo-an-em-bn-cn-°p∂ bn{km-tb¬ a°-sf-
bmWv \mw ImWp∂Xv. F∂m¬ B ]›m-Øew ChnsS
]q¿Æ-ambpw amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXv \m\q-dn¬ ]cw h¿j-
߃°p-ti-j-ap≈ Imcy-am-Wv, Hcn-°¬ {]ob-cm-bn-cp∂
bn{km-tb¬ P\w Ct∏mƒ ^d-thms‚ AXn-hn-]p-e-
amb sI´nS \n¿ΩmW ]≤-Xn-bv°p-th≠n CjvSnI
D≠m-°p∂ ASn-a-I-fm-Wv.
]pd-∏m-Sp-]p-kvX-IØnse hnj-b-߃ hos≠-Sp-∏pw,
84 ]pd-∏mSv

bn{km-tb¬ P\-X-bpsS ÿm]-\-hp-am-Wv. 3400 ¬]cw A. H∂m-asØ _m[ ˛ ss\¬\Zn c‡-am-bn-

h¿j-ß-fm-bn, temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ blq-Z-∑m¿, an{k-bo- Øo¿∂p (7:14˛25)
an¬ \n∂pw i‡n-bmepw c‡-Ømepw hnSp-X-¬ {]m]n- B. c≠m-asØ _m[ ˛ Xhf (8:1˛15)
®-Xpw-, s]k-l-bn¬ Hcp bYm¿∞ P\-X-bmbn bn{km-
tb¬ a°ƒ Bcw`w Ipdn®Xpamb B kw`hw BtLm- C. aq∂m-asØ _m[ ˛ t]≥ (8:16˛19)
jn-®n-cp-∂p. D. \mem-asØ _m[ ˛ \mbo® (8:20˛32)
Ncn- { X- ] - c - a mbpw ssZh- i m- k v { X- ] - c - a mbpw s]k- E. A©m-asØ _m[ ˛ arK-hym[n (9:1˛7)
lmbv°p ]pd-tØ°p hym]n-°p∂ i‡n-bmepw c‡-
Øm-ep-ap≈ ssZh-a-°-fpsS hnSp-X¬ {InkvXob Xncp- F. Bdm-asØ _m[ ˛ ]pÆv (9:8˛12)
h-Øm-ghpw {]Io¿Øn-°-∂p. s]klm BN-c-W-Øn- G. Ggm-asØ _m[ ˛ I¬ag (9:13˛35)
ep≈ AtX LS-Iß - ƒ Xs∂-bmWv Xncp-hØ - m-gØ
- nse
H. F´m-asØ _m[ ˛ sh´p-°nfn (10:1˛20)
A∏hpw ho™pw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xv. I. Hº-Xm-asØ _m[˛ aq∂p Znh-ksØ Iqcn-cp´v
(10:21˛29)
an{k-bo-an¬ \n∂p≈ ]pd-∏m-Sn-\p-tijw ssZhw
Xs‚ P\-Øn-\p≈ Iev]-\-Iƒ tamsibv°p sImSp- VI. s]k-lmbpw ISn-™q¬ kwlmchpw (11:1˛12:30)
°p∂ acp`q-an-bn-te°v cwKw amdp-I-bm-Wv. Cu ]pkvX- VII. an{k-bo-an¬ \n∂p≈ ]pd-∏mSv (12:31˛15:21)
I-Øns‚ GI-tZiw ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw `mKØv kam-K-a\
IqSm-c-sØ-°p-dn®pw AXnse ]utcm-ln-XysØ Ipdn- A. IS-en-\p-t\-sc-bp≈ ]mem-b\w (12:31˛13:22)
®p-amWv (A. 25-˛40) {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ch tIhew B. sN¶-S¬ IS-°p-∂Xv (A. 14)
Ncn-{X-]-c-am-bn-´p≈ hni-Zo-I-c-W-߃ A√.
C. tamsi-bpsS ]m´v (15:1˛21)
]pd-∏m-Sp-]p-kvXIw D≈-hÆw cpNn-®-dn-b-W-sa-¶n¬
VIII. ko\m-bn-te-°p≈ bm{X (15:22˛18:27)
\mw AXn- ¬ {Inkv X p- h ns\ At\zjn- t °- ≠ - X p- ≠ v .
tamsi, s]k-lm-°p-™mSv, ]md, IqSmsX kam-K-a\ A. iq¿ acp`qan (15:22˛18:27)
IqSmcw F∂nh tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ \ng-em-bn-´p≈ ({]- B. ko≥ acp`qan (A. 16)
Xo-Iw) Nne hkvXp-X-Iƒ am{X-am-Wv. Xncp-h-N-\-Øn¬
a‰p ]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-h-bmWv Ah- C. c^nZow (A. 17)
bn¬ ]eXpw (D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn\v 1sIm-cn. 5:7; 10:4; F{_m. D. tamsibpw bnt{Xmbpw (A. 18)
3-˛10 A≤ym-b-߃ F∂nh ImWp-I). FΩ-hp-kn-te-
IX. \nbaw \¬I¬ (A. 19-˛24)
°p≈ hgn-bn¬h®v Xs‚ c≠p injy-∑m¿°v I¿Ømhp
sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xp-t]mse F√m Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fnepw A. shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-en-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp∏v (A. 19)
Xs∂-°p-dn-®p≈Xp \ap°pw hymJym-\n-®p-X-cs´ (eq- B. ]Øp Iev]-\-Iƒ (A. 20)
s°m. 24:27).
C. _lp-hn[ \nb-a-߃ (A. 21˛24)
D≈-S°w
1. ASn-a-Isf kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-a-߃ (21:1˛11)
I. bn{km-tb-ens‚ an{k-boay ASn-aØw (A. 1)
2. hy‡n-]-c-amb ]cp°p-kw-_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-a-
II. tamsi-bpsS P\-\w,. hos≠-Sp-∏v, ]cn-io-e\w ߃ (21:12˛36)
(A. 2)
3. tamj-Whpw kzØp-\-io-I-c-Whpw kw_-‘n-
III. tamsi-bpsS hnfn (A. 3,4) ®p≈ \nb-a-߃ (22:1˛6)
A. tamsibv°v btlm-h-bpsS shfn-∏mSv (A. 3)
4. Ahn-iz-kvXX kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-a-߃
B. tamsi-bpsS ssha-\kyw (4:1˛17) (22:7˛15)
C. tamsi-bpsS an{k-bo-an-te-°p≈ Xncn-®p-h-chv 5. hy`n-Nmc kw_-‘-amb \nba-ß-ƒ (22:16,17)
(4:18˛31)
6. \nb-a-]-chpw aX-]-c-hp-am-bn-´p≈ IS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ
IV. ^d-thm-\p-am-bp≈ tamsi-bpsS G‰p-ap-´¬ kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-a-߃ (22:18˛23:19)
(5:1˛7:13)
7. IogS-°¬ kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-a-߃
A. H∂m-asØ G‰p-ap-´¬ (5:1˛7:6) (23:20˛33)
B. c≠m-asØ G‰-ap-´¬ (7:7˛13) 8. DS-º-Sn-bpsS ÿnco-I-cWw (24:!˛8)
V. BZysØ H≥]Xp _m[-Iƒ (7:14˛10:29) 9. ssZh-Øns‚ alXzw shfn-s∏-Sp-ج (24:9-˛18)
 ]pd-∏mSv 85

X. kam-K-a\ IqSm-chpw ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw 2. tamsi-bpsS tIm]hpw a≤y-ÿ-Xbpw (32:11˛35)

(A. 25-˛40) 3. P-\-Øns‚ ]›m-Øm]w (33:1˛6)
A. kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw ]Wn-bp-∂Xp kw_-‘n-®p≈ 4. tamsi-bpsS kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw (33:7˛11)
\n¿t±-i-ß-ƒ (A. 25-˛27)
5. tamsi-bpsS {]m¿∞\ (33:12˛23)
1. hkvXp-°-fpsS tiJ-cWw (25:1˛9)
E. Iev]-\-Iƒ ]pXp°n \evIp∂p (34:1˛35:3)
2. \nb-a-Øns‚ s]´Iw (25:10˛16)
F. kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Ønse D]-I-cW kP-Po-I-cWw
3. Ir]m-k\w (25:17˛22) (35:4˛38:31)
4. ImgvN-b-∏-Øns‚ tai (25:23˛30) 1. P\-ß-fpsS Zm\-ßfpw A\p-Kr-lo-Xcmb Akm-
[m-cW Ign-hp-I-fp≈ P\-ßfpw (35:4˛36:7)
5. X¶-hn-f-°pw, AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ hkvXp-
°fpw (25:31˛40) 2. Xncp-\n-hm-ksØ ad-bv°p∂ aqSp-»oe (36:8˛19)
6. Xncp-\n-hmkw (A. 26) 3. aq∂p hi-ß-fn-te-°p-ap≈ ]e-I-Iƒ (36:20˛30)
7. Zl-\-bm-K-Øn-\p≈ Xm{a-bm-K-]oTw (27:1˛8) 4. ]e-I-Isf Iq´n-bn-W-°p∂ A¥m-g-߃
(36:31˛34)
8. {]mIm-cw, XqWp-Iƒ, ad-»oe (27:9˛19)
5. AXn-]-cn-ip≤ ÿe-tØ°p \bn-°p∂ Xnc-
9. \ne hn-f-°n-\p≈ FÆ (27:20,21)
»oe (36:35,36)
B. ]utcmlnXyw (A. 28,29)
6. hnip-≤-ÿ-e-tØ°p \bn-°p∂ ad-»oe
1. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS hkv{X-߃ (A. 28) (36:37,38)
2. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS ip≤o-I-cWw (A. 29) 7. \nb-a-s∏-´Iw (37:1˛5)
C. kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-csØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ IqSp-X¬ 8. Ir]m-k\w (37:6˛9)
\n¿t±-i-߃ (A. 30,31).
9. ImgvN-b-∏-Øns‚ tai (37:10˛16)
1. [q]-]oTw (30:1˛10)
10. \ne-hn-f°pw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ hkvXp-
2. hos≠-Sp-∏p-hne (30:11˛16) °fpw (37:17˛24)
3. Xm{a-sØm´n (30:17˛21) 11. [q]-]oTw (37:25˛28)
4. A`n-tjIssXew (30:22˛33) 12. A`n-tj-I-ssX-ehpw [q]-h¿£hpw (37:29)
5. [q]-h¿§w (30:34˛38) 13. Zl-\-bm-K-Øn-\p≈ bmK-]oTw (38:1˛7)
6. ka¿∞-cmb inev]n-Iƒ (31:1˛11) 14. Xm{a-sØm´n (38:8)
7. i∫Øp kw_-‘-amb AS-bmfw (31:12˛18) 15. {]mIm-cw, XqWp-Iƒ, ad-»oe (38:9˛31)
D. hn{K-l-cm-[-\-bpsS Hcp Bcw`w (A. 32,33) G. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS hkv{X-\n¿ΩmWw (A. 39)
1. kz¿Æw-sIm-≠p≈ Imf-°p-´n (32:1˛10) H. kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-Øns‚ \nh¿-ج (A. 40)
86 ]pd-∏mSv 1,2
hymJym\w
I. bn{km-tb-ens‚ an{k-boay ASn-aØw
(A. 1)
1:1˛8 blqZ ]mc-º-cy-{]-Imcw Hmtcm ]pkvX-I-Øn-
s‚bpw BZysØ hm°p-I-fmWv AXns‚ t]cmbn CSp-
∂-Xv. t]cp-Iƒ BhXv F∂v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-
°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ Bbn-cn°pw (F-{_m-b` - m-jb
- n¬ hose-
sj-tam-Øv) Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ ]pd-∏mSp ]pkvX-I-Øn-
\p≈ t]cv (a-e-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬ AXv BZysØ hm°p-
I-fm-bn-´√ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv). ssZhw F{X-am{Xw
hy‡n-]-c-am-sW∂v t\m°p-I. Hcp Iºyq-´¿ Im¿Un-
ep≈Xpt]mse \º-dp-I-tfm sh´p-ItfmA√ adn®v t]cp-
Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p., \√ CS-b-s\-°p-dn®p
tbip ]d-™n-´p-≈Xv Xs‚ BSp-Isf Ah≥ t]¿sNm
√n hnfn®p ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip∂p (tbm-l. 10:3)
F∂m-Wv. AXv ChnsS Xo¿Øpw A\p-tbm-Py-am-Wv. bn-
{km-tb¬a-°ƒ CS-b∑m-cm-bn-´mWv an{k-bn-ao-te°p
h∂-Xv. ]t£ Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ A-Sn-a-I-fm-Wv. F∂m¬
\√ CS-b-\mb ssZh-Øn\v Ahsc ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-
t]m-Ip-hm≥ ]≤-Xn-bp-≠v.
bmt°m-_ns‚ Xe-ap-d-I-fmb 70 t]sc-°p-dn-®p≈
hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn\v Dev]. 46:8˛27 hmIy-ß-fpsS hymJym
\w t\m°p-I. I\m≥ \m´n-te-°p≈ bm{X-tbm-Sp≈
_‘-Øn¬ ko\m-bn-te°p ]pd-s∏-Sp-hm≥ blq-Z-∑m¿
k∂-≤-cmb ka-bØv, bp≤ {]m]vX-cm-b 6,03,550 ]pcp-
j-∑m-cpƒs∏-Sp∂ Zi-e-£-ß-fmbn Cu Fgp-]-Xp-t]¿
h¿≤n-®n-´p-≠m-bn-cp∂p (kw-Jy. 1:46). Dev]Øn ]pkvX-
I-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-`m-K-Øn\pw ]pd-∏mSp ]pkvX-I-
Ønse kw`h-߃°pw CS-bn¬ At\I h¿j-߃
IS- ∂ p- t ]m- b - X mbn 6,7 hmIy- ß ƒ kqNn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ p.
tbmtk-^ns‚ Xe-ap-d-Isf AwKo-Im-c-a-t\m-`m-h-tØm-
Sp-IqSn ImWmØ Hcp ]pXn-b-cm-Pmhv `c-W-Øn¬ h∂p-
sh-∂mWv 8˛mw hmIyw A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv, Xo¿®-bmbpw
tbmtk^v CXn-t\m-SIw acn-®n-cp-∂p.
1:9˛10 bn{km-tb¬ P\w i‡n-bnepw FÆ-Ønepw
s]cp-In-b-Xp-sIm≠v bp≤-k-a-bØv Ah¿ Hcp `oj-Wn-
bmbn Xocp-sa∂v `b∂ ^d-thm≥, Ahsc ASn-a-I-fm-
°p-hm-\pw, Ah-cpsS B¨Ip-™p-ß-sf-sb-√mw \in-
∏n®v Ah-km\w blqZ hwisØ Xs∂ C√m-bva-sN-
øp-hm\pw Xocp-am-\n-®p. Xncp-hN- \- Ø- n¬ ZpjvSc
- mb aq∂p
`c-WI - ¿Øm-°f- mWv \njv°f - ¶- c- mb Ip™p-ßsf h[n-
°p-hm≥ Iev]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ^dthm≥, AYeym (2-cm-Pm.
11) sltcm-Zmhv (a-Øm. 2). kmØm-\m¬ t{]cn-X-amb
Cu ss]im-Nn-I IyXy-߃ anin-sslI hwim-henbp
sS \mi-amWv e£y-an-´-Xv,. Dev]. 3:15se ssZhnI
hmKvZØw kmØm≥ Hcn-°epw ad-∂n-´n-√m-bn-cp-∂p.
1:11˛14 ]otYmw-, dbw-tkkv F∂o kw`mc \K-c-߃
]Wn-bp-∂-Xn-\mbn ^d-thm≥ ASn-a-I-fmb blq-Z-∑msc
D]-tbm-Kn-®p. F∂m¬ Xs‚ ASn-®-a¿Ø¬sIm≠v
blqZ PmXn°v D∑q-e-\miw kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw
Ah¿ hf-sc-b-[n-I-ambn FÆ-Øn¬ s]cpIn h¿≤n-°p-
I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. ^d-thm≥ Xn∑-bv°mbn ITn-\-the
Dt±-in-®p, F∂m¬ ssZhw AXp \∑-bv°mbn IW-°n-
´p, ImcWw an{k-bo-an¬\n∂pw hmKvZØ \m´n-te-°p≈
Ah-cpsS t¢i-]q¿Æamb bm{X-bv°p-th≠n Hcp-ßp-
hm≥ AXv B blq-Z-∑msc klm-bn-®p.
1:15˛19 blq-Z-cmb AΩ-am¿ Xß-fp-sS Ip™p-ßsf
{]k- h - i - ø - b n¬ InS- Ø n- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X p- I - ≠ {][m\
F{_mb kqXn-I¿Ωn-Wn-If - mb in{]mbpw ]qhmbpw ^d-
thm≥ Iev]n-®-Xp-t]mse Ah-cn¬ B¨Ip-™p-ßsf
sIm∂n-√. kqXn-I¿Ωn-Wn-Iƒ AΩ-am-cpsS ASp-°¬
FØp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºp-Xs∂ F{_m-b-Ip-™p-߃ hfsc
thK-Øn¬ P\n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v X߃°nXp Ign-bp-
∂n- s √∂p Ah¿ AXn- s \- ° p- d n®p \ymbo- I - c n®p
kwkmcn-®p. Cu Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-Øn\v AXn-t\m-Sp≈
_‘-Øn¬ Nne kXy-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂pXm\pw.
1:20˛22 kv{In]vN¿ bqWn-bs‚ ssZ\w-Zn-\-°p-dn∏v
Xmsg-∏-d-bpw-{]-Im-c-amWv kqXn-I¿Ωn-Wn-I-sf-°p-dn®v
A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
IpSpw-_-h¿≤-\-hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ kqXn-I¿Ωn-Wn-
Iƒ°v \evI-s∏´ {]Xn-^ew (hm. 21) Ah-cpsS Im]-
Sy-Øn-\√ adn®v a\p-jy-Xz-Øn-\mWv A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-´-
Xv. ]cn-k-am]vXn apJm-¥-csØ \ymbo-I-cn®v F∂p ]d-
bp-∂X - n-\√
- b
- n-Xv, adn®v [m¿Ωn-IX
- b
- psS tIh-ea
- mb \ne-
hmcw t]mepw Ahn-sS-bn-√m-bn-cp∂p F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p-
I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ ]m]-Øns‚ ^e-߃ \ap-s°-∂-
t]mse kw`hn-®n-´p≈ ]m]-]-¶n-e-amb Hcp temI-Øn¬
sNdnb Imcy-ß-fpsS A\p-k-c-W-Øn-\m-bp≈ apS-°n¬
-am-{X-amWv [m¿Ωn-I-amb henb Imcy-ß-fpsS A\p-k-
cWw km[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv. a‰p-≈-h-bn¬ F∂-t]mse Chn-
sSbpw btlm-hm-`‡n ⁄m\-Øns‚ Bcw`-am-Ip∂p
F{_mb kqXn-I¿Ωn-Wn-I-fm¬ ]cm-Pn-X-\mb ^d-
thm-≥ Iev]\ \S-∏m-°p-hm≥ Xs‚ kz¥w Bfp-I-tfmSv
Iev]n-®p.
II. tamsi-bpsS P\\w, hos≠-Sp-∏v, ]cn-
io-e\w (A. 2)
2:1˛2 1˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ tehn-Ip-
Spw-_-Ønse ]pcp-j≥ A{amhpw tehn-I-\yI tbmsJ-
t_Zpw (6:20) Bbn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ ]utcm-lnXy tKm{X-
amb tehn-tKm-{X-Øn-ep-≈-h-cm-bn-cp∂p tamsi-bpsS
amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ. hnizm-k-Øm¬ tamsi-bpsS amXm-]n-
Xm-°ƒ Ahs\ aq∂pamkw Hfn-∏n-®p-h®p (F-{_m.
11:23). hnizmkw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ Nne ssZhnI hm°p-
Ifnt∑¬ ASnÿm\-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ssZh-I-
ev]n-X-{]-Im-c-ap≈ Hcp inip-hm-bn-cp∂p Ah-s\-∂p≈
Nne shfn-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Ah¿°p e`n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv CXn-
s‚-b¿∞w.
 ]pd-∏mSv 2,3
2:3˛8 t\ml-bpsS s]´Iw t]mse, tbmsJ-t_Zns‚
s]´-Ihpw {InkvXp-hns\ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p. ancymw Bbn-
cp∂p tamsi-bpsS ktlm-Zcn (kw-Jy. 26:59) Cu A≤ym-
b-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-sX√mw bmZr-›n-I-kw`-h-ß-fm-
Wv, DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v B s]´Iw Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-
ÿ-e-Øp-Xs∂ ^d-thms‚ ]p{Xn Ipfn-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-
b-sX-¥p sIm-≠mWv? Ahƒ°v a\- -en-hp-tXm-∂-Ø-
°-hn[w inip At∏mƒ Ic-bp-hm-\n-S-bm-b-sX-¥p-sIm-
≠v? Ahs‚ t]m‰-Ω-bmbn tamsi-bp-sS AΩ-sb-Xs∂
^d-thms‚ ]p{Xn kzoI-cn-®-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?
2:9,10 9 ˛mw hmIy-Ønse hm°p-Iƒ ]hn-{X-amb Hcp
]cn-]m-e-\-ambpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-SmØ Hcp hmKvZ-Ø-ambpw
{InkvXob amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-°-Ww. ^d-
thms‚ ]p{Xn \evInb an{k-boay \maw tamsi F∂-
Xn\v inip Ft∂m ]p{X≥ Ft∂m BImw A¿∞w.
F{_m-b-`m-j-bn¬ CtX t]cns‚ A¿∞w hen-s®-
Sp-ØXv F∂m-Wv. AXm-bXv sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂pw hen-
s®-Sp-Ø-h≥ (1). am°n≥tSmjv Xs‚ km[m-c-W-amb
Dƒ°mgvN {]Imcw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
kmØm-\y-i-‡nsb Xmdp-am-dm-°p-hm≥ X°-hÆw
ssZh- Ø ns‚ Bbp- [ - a m- b n- c n- t °- ≠ p∂ tamsisb
hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw t]m‰n-∏p-e¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw ssZho-tIm-
t±iyw hn^-e-am-°p-hm≥ kmØm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-
≠ncp∂ ^d-thms\ ssZhw D]-tbm-Kn-®p. Aßs\ ^d-
thm-\n-eqsS ZpjvS≥ Xs‚ kz¥ Bbp-[-Øn¬ Xs∂
]cm-Pn-X-\m-°-s∏´p (2).
2:11,12 tamsi kzP-\sØ kµ¿in-®-t∏mƒ Ah\p
\mev]Xp hb- m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v {]hr. 7:23-¬ \n∂pw
\ap°v a\- n-em-°mw. an{k-bo-ay-s\-sIm-∂Xv hnth-I-
iq-\y-amb Hcp {]hr-Ønbmbn-cp-∂p. Bthiw Ahs‚
KpW-tZmj hnth-N\ - sØ C√m-bvas- N-bvXX- p-sIm-≠mWv
A{]-Imcw kw`hn-®-Xv. an{k-bo-ay-cpsS Iøn¬ \n∂pw
Xs‚ P\sØ hnSp-hn-°p-hm≥ ssZhw Hcp Znhkw
tamsisb D]-tbm-Kn-°pw. F∂m¬ AXn-\p≈ kabw
AXp-h-scbpw Bbn-´n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. H∂m-a-Xmbn Ah≥
acp-`q-an-bpsS shfn-{º-tZ-iØv ssZh-Øns‚ ]mT-im-e-
bn¬ A`y-kn-®p-sIm≠v \mev]-Xp-h¿jw Nnehgn-t°-
≠-Xp-≠v. 400 kwh-’cw Xs‚ P\w an{kbow tZiØv
ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ssZhw ap≥Iq´n Adn-bn-®n-´p-
≠m-bn-cp∂p (D-ev]. 15:!3) AXp-sIm≠v tamsi-bpsS
{]hr-Øn-Iƒ 40 h¿jw IqSn XnI-bp-∂-Xn\p apºp-≈-
Xm-bn-cp-∂p. acp-`q-an-bpsS GIm-¥-X-bn-ep≈ ]cn-io-e-
\w Ah\p IqSp-Xe - mbn Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p, AXp-t]mse
CjvSn-I®q-f-bn-ep≈ IqSp-X¬ ]cn-io-e\w P\-Øn\pw
Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ A\-¥-amb ⁄m\-
{]-Im-c-amWv I¿Ømhv F√m Imcy-ßfpw Iev]n-°p-∂-
Xv. Ah≥ XnSp-°-Øn¬ H∂pw sNøp-I-bn-√, F∂m¬
Bh-iy-Øn-e-[n-I-ambn Hcp \nan-jw t]mepw Xs‚ P\w
IjvS-a-\p`-hn-°m≥ Ah≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bp-an-√.
2:13˛15a c≠mw {]mhiyw Ah≥ Xs‚ P\-Øns‚
ASp-°-te-°p-sN-∂-t∏mƒ c≠p F{_m-b-]p-cp-j-∑m¿
87
XΩn-ep≈ ivWvT C√m-Xm-°p-hm≥ {ian-®p, F∂m¬
tamsi-sb-°mƒ D∂-X-\m-b-hs\ F{_m-b¿ ]n∂oSp
\nc-kn-°p-h-m-\n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ tamsi-bpsS
t\Xr-Xz-sØbpw Xnc-kv°-cn-®p. an{k-bo-ays\ Xm≥
sIm∂-hn-hcw Ah¿ Adn-™p-sh∂p a\- n-em-°nb
tamsi ]cn-{`m-¥-\mbn Xo¿∂p. Cu sIme-]m-X-I-sØ-
°p-dn®p Adn™ ^d-thm≥ tamisb sIm√p-hm≥
At\z-jn-®-Xp-sIm≠v Ah≥ anZym-\n-te°v HmSn-t∏m-bn.
AXv Atd_ytbm ko\mbn tZitam BWv.
2:15b -22 anZym\nse Hcp InW-‰n-¶¬h®v Zp»o-e-ap≈
CS-b-∑m-cp-am-bp≈ X¿°-Øn¬ anZym\ ]ptcm-ln-Xs‚
Ggp-]p-{Xn-amsc klm-bn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS BSp-Isf
sh≈w IpSn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu anZym-\y-]p-tcm-
ln-X\v c≠p t]cp-Iƒ \evI-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. bnt{Xm (3:1),
dKq-th¬ (hm. 18) kwJy. 10:29). F{_m-b-c-psS AI∂
_‘p-°-fm-bn-cp∂p anZym-\y¿ (D-ev]. 25:2) bnt{Xm-bpsS
]p{Xn-bmb knt∏md ]n∂oSp tami-bpsS `mcy-bm-bn-
Øo¿∂p. Ah¿°v sK¿timw (A¿∞w ˛ A]-cn-Nn-X≥)
F∂p t]cmb Hcp ]p{X≥ P\n-®p.
2:23˛25 Xs‚ P\-Øns‚ IjvSm-hÿ Hm¿°m-Ø-h-
\-√m-bn-cp∂p ssZhw. ]pXn-sbmcp cmPmhp knwlm-k-\-
ÿ-\m-b-t∏mƒ ssZhw Ah-cpsS \ne-hnfn tI´p. Ah-
tcm-Sp≈ \nbaw Hm¿Øp, bn{km-tb¬ a°sf ISm-£n-
®p, Ah-cpsS Ahÿ Adn-™p. temI-Øns‚ krjvSn
apX-ep≈ i‡n-bpsS {]Xm-]-am¿∂ {]Z¿i-\-Øm¬
Xs‚ P\sØ B tZi-Øp-\n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p-sIm-
≠p-h-cp-hm≥ Xs‚ Zmks\ an{k-bn-ao-te°p aS-°n-s°m-
≠p-h-cnI F∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-I-c-
Ww.
III. tamsi-bpsS hnfn (A. 3,4)
A. tamibv°p btlm-h-bpsS shfn-∏mSv (A. 3)
3:1˛4 bnt{Xm-bpsS BSp-Isf tabn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS
ssZh-P-\sØ \bn-°p-∂Xp kw_-‘n-®p≈ hne-s∏´
]mT-ß-ƒ tamsi ]Tn-®p. Ah≥ tlmtc-_n¬ (ko-\mbn
]¿∆-Xw) sN∂-t∏mƒ IØp∂ apƒ∏-S¿∏n¬ ssZhw
Ah\p {]Xy-£-\m-bn. B apƒ∏-S¿∏p Xo ]nSn®p IØp-
∂p-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw AXp sh¥p-t]m-Im-sX-bn-cp-∂p.
B apƒ∏-S¿∏v ssZh tXP- n-s\-bmWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv.
AXn-\m¬ AXn\p apºmsI sNcn-∏n-SmsX \n¬°p-hm-
\mWv tami-tbmSp Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xv. Xs‚ P\-Øns‚
AkvXnXzw \jvS-s∏-SmsX Ah-cpsS \Sp-hn¬ btlmh
hkn-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw AXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. IqSmsX
Nne¿ AXn¬ IjvS-∏m-Sns‚ Xobn¬ ]co-£n-°-s∏-´n´pw
\in-®p-t]m-Im-sX-bn-cp∂ bn{km-tb-ens‚ `mK-t[bw
t]mepw I≠n-´p-≠v. \msa-√m-hcpw IØp∂ apƒ∏-S¿∏p-
t]m-se-bm-I-Ww. AXm-bXv ssZh-Øn-\p-th-≠n Fcn-bp-
∂p-sh-¶nepw \in-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√ (3).
3:5 Xs‚ P\sØ an{k-bo-an¬ \n∂pw hnSp-hn®v kar-
≤n-bpsS tZi-tØ°v AXm-bXv 8˛mw hmIy-Ønse ]´n-
88 ]pd-∏mSv 3
tamsi-bpsS ]mem-b-\hpw an{k-bo-an-te-°p≈ aS-ßn-h-chpw
I-bn¬ s]Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ Bdp PmXn-Iƒ A[n-h-kn-
°p∂ I\m-\n-te°p sIm≠p-h-cp-sa∂v ssZhw tamsi-
tbmSp hmKvZØw sNbvXp. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-¬ BZy-
ambn hnip≤w F∂ ]Zw h∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv Chn-sS-bm-
Wv. Xs‚ sNcn-∏p-Iƒ Agn-®p-am-‰p-∂-Xn-eqsS B ÿew
hnip-≤-am-sW∂v tamsi {Kln-®p.
3:6 ]q¿∆-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cmb A{_-lmw, bnk-lm-°v,
bmt°m_v F∂n-h-cpsS ssZh-amWv Xms\∂v ssZhw
]ns∂bpw tamsibv°v Dd-∏p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu
shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ens‚ {]m[m\yw tImƒ hn-h-cn-°p-∂p.
tamsi ]pXn-sbmcp ssZhsØ AYhm Adn-b-s∏-
SmØ H∂ns\ A√ Xs‚ P\-Øn\p ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂-Xv, adn®v Ah¿ Adn-™n-cn-°p∂ Hcp-h-s\-°p-dn-®p≈
]q¿Æ-amb Hcp shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-em-Wn-Xv. Ac-tbm-]-K-°p-
∂n¬ AtY-\-°m-tcm-Sp≈ ]usem-kns‚ hm°p-Iƒ
t]mepw CXn-t\mSp kam-\-a√ ({]-hr. 17:23). {InkvXp-
hns‚ hchv AXns‚ ]c-a-ImjvTbn-se-Øp-∂-Xn-t\mSv
ASpØ \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ ssZhw XpS¿®bmbn Xs∂-
Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xp-am-{X-amWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬
CXp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. tamssiI shfn-∏mSv
AXns‚ ImeØv tKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ hmKvZ-Ø-
Øns‚ \nh¿Øo-I-c-W-am-bn-cns° anin-lm-bpsS hchv
]n∂oSp sXfn-bn-°p-hm-\n-cn-°p-∂-XpsIm≠v bn{k-tb-
ens\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw AXp ]pXn-bXpw Jfin-
X-hp-am-bn-cp∂p (4).
3:7˛12 ^d-thms‚ ASp-tØ°v Xs∂ Ab-bv°p-hm-
\p≈ ssZhnI ]≤-Xnsb Xt‚-Xmb Ign-hp-tI-Sp-Iƒ
FSp-Øp-≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v tamsi FXn¿Øp. F∂m¬
ssZhw Xs‚ km∂n-≤y-Øns‚ Dd∏v tamsibv°p sImSp-
°p-Ibpw hntam-Nn-X-cmb P\-tØm-sSm∏w Cu ]¿∆-X-
Øn¬ (ko-\mbn ]¿∆-Xw) ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-sa∂p
hmKvZØw sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp. sP. Hmkv hmƒUv
km≥tUgvkv A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv . Xs‚ Atbm-Ky-X-
I-fpsS hnh-c-∏-´n-I-bn¬ {]m]vXn-°p-dhv (3:11), ktµiw
Adn-bn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ign-hn-√mbva (3:13), A[n-Im-c-an-
√mbva (4:1) hm‹n-Xz-an-√mbva (4:10) {]tXy-I-am-bp≈
A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øns‚ Ipdhv (4:13) apºv hnP-bn-°mØ
Ahÿ (5:23) apºv AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-SmØ Ahÿ
(6:12) F∂n-h-sb√mw Xm≥ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Atbm-
Ky-X-I-fpsS IqSp-X¬ ]q¿Æ-amb Hcp enÃv cq]-s∏-Sp-
Øp-hm≥ _p≤n-ap-´m-bn-cn-°pw. Xm≥ {]I-Sn-∏n® Xmgva
bpw ssha-\-kyhpw ssZhsØ kt¥m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p
]Icw Ah-\n¬ tIm]w Df-hm-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv.
btlm-h-bpsS tIm]w tamsi-bpsS t\sc Pzen®p (4:14)
bYm¿∞-Øn¬ tamsi Xs‚ Ign-hn-√mbva shfn-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ]d™ Hgn-I-gn-hp-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-
cp∂p B ZuXy-Øn-\p-th≠n ssZhw Ah-s\-Øs∂
Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ Imc-W-߃ (5).
3:13,14 ssZh-Øns‚ h‡m-hmbn bn-{km-tb¬ a°-
fpsS ASp-°-te°v aS-ßn-s®-√p-tºmƒ Ah-cn¬\n∂pw
tamsi tNmZy-߃ {]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬, Xs∂
Ab®Xv Bcm-sW∂v Ah-tcmSp ]d-bp-hm≥ X°-hÆw
Xm≥ {]m]vX-\m-tI-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn-
em-bn-cp∂ btlm-hb - mb ssZhw Rm\m-Ip-∂h - ≥ Rm\m-
Ip∂p F∂v BZy-ambn tamsibv°v shfn-s∏-SpØn-b-
Xv. btlmh F∂ ]Zw (Np-cp-°-Øn¬ bmlvsh) B-bn-
cn-°pI(hayah) F∂ F{_mb {Inbm-]-Z-Øn¬\n-∂p-
amWv h∂-Xv. ]hn-{X-amb Cu \maw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv
sS{Sm-s{K-am-´≥(\m-e-£-c-߃) F∂m-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚
CX-c-t]-cp-I-fmb Gtem-low, AtUm-Wmbn F∂n-h-
bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ kzcm-£c AS-bm-f-ß-
fp≈ F{_m- b - ` m- j - b nse YHWH -¬ \n∂- a p- a mWv
btlmh (Jehovah) F∂ Cw•ojv ]Zw h∂-Xv. YAWH
F∂-Xns‚ icn-bmb D—m-c-W-sØ-°p-dn®v B¿°pw-
Xs∂ icn-bmb Adn-hn-√, ImcWw ]pcm-X\ F{_mb
A£c hn\ym- k - c o- X n, AXns‚ A£- c - a m- e - b n¬
bYm¿∞ kzcm-£-c-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂n-√. F∂n-cp-
∂mepw bmlvsh (yahweh) F∂ D—m-cW - c- o-Xn-bmWv
IqSp-X¬ A`n-Im-ay-b-ambn´p-≈-Xv. blq-Z-∑m¿ YHWH
F∂v D—-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mepw hfsc ]cn-]m-h-\-ambn IW-
°m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ssZhw kzbw-`q-hpw, kzbw ]cym-]v-X-
\pw, \nXy\pw (6) k¿∆m[nIm-c-ap-≈-h\p-am-sW-∂mWv
Cu t]cv DZvtLm-jn °p-∂-Xv. Rm\m-Ip-∂-h≥ Rm\m-
Ip∂p F∂p≈ apgp-h≥ t]cv A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv, Rm\m-
Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬ Rm\m-Ip∂p Ft∂m Rm\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-
h≥ Rm\m-bn-cn-°p-sat∂m Bbn-cn-°mw.
3:15˛22 ssZhw hmkvX-h-ambn Xt∂mSp IqsS-bp-
s≠∂pw Xs‚ P\sØ k-lm-bn-∏m≥ ssZhw Xøm-dm-
sW-∂p-ap≈ Cu shfn-∏m-Sn-\m¬ i‡o-I-cn-°-s∏´
tamsi bn{km-tb¬ a°-tfmSv X߃ DS≥Xs∂ kzX-
{¥-cm-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂p hnfw-_cw sNøp-hm≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-
s∏´p. IqSmsX aq∂p Znh-ksØ hgn-Zqcw t]mbn btlm-
h-bv°p-bmKw A¿∏n-°p-hm≥ bn{km-tb-ens\ A\p-h-
Zn-°-W-sa∂v A-t]-£n-®p-sIm≠v ^d-thms\ ]co-£n-
°p-hm\pw Ahs\ Ab-®p. CXv NXn-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp
{ia-am-bn-cp-∂n-√, adn®v ^d-thms‚ Xmev]-cysØ ]co-
£n-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp km[mW am¿§w am{X-am-bn-
cp∂p. an{k-bo-aysc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]pWy-am-bn-
cp∂ arK-ßsf sIm√p-∂X - n\p km£yw hln-°p-∂X
\n∂pw AXv Ahsc Hgn-hm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
ssZhnI i‡n-bm¬ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-hsc
^d-thm≥ Iog-S-ßp-I-bn-s√∂v ssZh-Øn-\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-
∂p. ssZhw an{k- b o- a n- e - b ® _m[- I - f mWv 20-
˛mwhmIyØnse A¤p-X-߃. ssZhw Ah-bm-ep≈
Xs‚ {]hr-Øn-I-sf√mw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p∂ ka-b-Øv,
blqZ kv{XoIƒ tNmZn-°p-∂-sX¥pw \evIphm≥ X°-
hÆw an{k- b o- a y¿ kt¥m- j - a p- ≈ - h - c m- b n- Ø o- c pw.
Aßs\ kzcq-]n® kzØv an{k-bo-an¬ ITn-\-the
]pd-∏mSv 3,4 89
sNøn-°p-∂-h-cpsS blq-Z-∑m-cmb ASn-a-th-e-°m¿°p≈
\jvS-]-cn-lmcw am{Xta BIp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. bn{km-tb-
ey¿ B`-c-W-ßfpw hkv{X-ßfpw IS-am-bn-´√ hmßn-
b-Xv. (KJV¬ ]d-™n-c-°p-∂-Xn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv) adn®v
Ah¿°p-th≠n tNmZn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p (NKJV) AXn¬
bmsXmcp hn[ h©-\bpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√˛ AXm-bXv
Xß-fpsS Iqen-am{Xw \evIn-b-tX-bp-≈p.
B. tamsi-bpsS ssha-\kyw (4:1˛17)
4:1˛9 ssZh-Øns‚ h‡m-sh∂ \ne-bn¬ P\-߃
Xs∂ AwKo-I-cn-°p-tam-sb∂v tamsibv°v]ns∂bpw
kwi-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. 2:11˛15se taml-`wKw Xs‚ lrZ-
bsØ Im¿∂p Xn∂p-∂p-≠m-bn-cn-°mw. AXp-sIm≠v
Xs‚ ssZhnI ZuXysØ ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈
aq∂p AS- b m- f - ß ƒ AYhm A¤p- X - ß ƒ ssZhw
Ah\p sImSp-Øp. (1) \ne-Øn-Sp∂ Xs‚ hSn k¿∏-a-
bn-Øo¿∂p. AXns\ hmen¬ ]nSn®v FSp-Ø-t∏mƒ
k¿∏w ho≠pw hSn-bmbn Xo¿∂p. (2) am¿∆n-S-Øn¬ C´
Xs‚ ssI IpjvT-ap-≈-Xmbn Xo¿∂p. ho≠pw AXp
am¿∆n-S-Øn¬ C´-t∏mƒ IpjvT-hn-ap-‡-am-°-s∏-´p. (3)
ss\¬\-Zn-bnse sh≈w \ne-tØ-s°m-gn-®-t∏mƒ AXp
c‡-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.
tamsi ssZh- Ø m¬ Abbv ° - s ∏- ´ - h - \ m- s W∂v
bn{km-tb¬ a°sf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v cq]-h-ev°-
cn-®-Xm-bn-cp∂p Cu AS-bm-f-߃. Ah kmØm-\p-ta-
ep≈ ssZh-Øns‚ i‡n (A-XmWv k¿∏w), ]m]w
(Ip-jvT-tcm-Kw-sIm≠p Nn{Xo-I-cn-®p), F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-
®pw, Ch c≠n¬\n∂pw bn{km-tb¬ c‡-Øm¬ hnSp-
hn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂p≈ bmYm¿∞y-tØ-bp-amWv kqNn∏n-°p-
∂-Xv.
4:10˛17 tamsi hmIvkm-a¿∞y-an-√m-Ø-h-\m-bn-cp-∂-
Xp-sIm≠v ssZhw ]d-™-X-\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ ssha-\-ky-
ap-≈-h-\mbn At∏mgpw kzbw H-gn-I-gn-hp-Iƒ ]d-™p-
sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. a\p-jys‚ hmsb krjvSn-®Xv ssZh-am-
Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Ahs\ hmIvNm-Xp-cy-ap-≈-h-\m°n-
Øo¿°p-hm\pw X\n°p Ign-bp-sa∂v Hm¿Ωn-®-tijw
tamsi-bpsS ktlm-Z-c-\mb Al-tcms\ X\n-°p-th≠n
kwkm-cn-°p-hm≥ ssZhw B°n-h-®p. ssZh-Øns‚
B⁄-Iƒ Xs∂ {]m]vX-\m-°p-hm≥ aXn-bm-b-Xm-sW-
∂p≈ efn-X-amb B{i-b-Xz-Øn¬ tamsi ssZhsØ
B{i-bn-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. GsX-¶nepw Hcp Imcyw
- n¬ AXp sNøp hm-\p≈ i‡n XcmsX sNøp-hm≥ H-cn-
°epw ssZhw \tΩmSp B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. tasi
ssZh-Øns‚ G‰hpw D-Ø-a-am-b-Xn¬ kwXr]vX-\-√m-
Xn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ssZh-Øns‚ c≠m-asØ \√Xv FSp-
t°-≠n-h∂p ˛ AXm-bXv Al-tcms\ Xs‚ h‡m-hmbn
Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv. Al-tcm≥ X\n-s°mcp klm-b-am-bn-
cn-°p-sa-∂mWv tamsi hnNm-cn-®-Xv. ]t£ kz¿Æ-Im-f-
°p-´nsb Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ P\sØ \bn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS
Xms\mcp XS- -am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ]n∂-tØ-Xn¬ sXfn-
™p. (A. 32).
90 ]pd-∏mSv 4,5,6
C. an{k-bo-an-te-°p≈ tamsi-bpsS aS-ßn-hc
- hv
(4:18˛31)
4:18˛23 anZym-\n-te°p HmSn-t∏m-b-Xn\p \mev]Xp
h¿j-߃°ptijw ssZh-I-ev]-\-{]-Imcw bnt{Xm-bpsS
A\p-{K-l-tØmsS tamsi an{k-bo-an-te°p aS-ßn-h-∂p.
knt∏md Ahs‚ `mcybpw, sK¿timw, Feym-k¿ F∂n-
h¿ ]p{X∑mcpw Bbn-cp∂p (18:2˛4). 2˛mw hmIy-Ønse
Xs‚ Du∂p-hSn 20˛mwhmIy-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ h-Sn-
bmbn-Øo-cp-∂p. Akm-[m-cW Imcy-߃ sN-øp-∂-Xn-
\p-th≠n ssZhw km[m-cW hkvXp-°-fmWv D]-tbm-
Kn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v i‡n ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p-amWv
hcp-∂-sX∂v \ap°v hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-
bp-∂p. ^d-thm\p apºmsI ImWn-°p-hm≥ ssZhw
tamsi-tbmSp Iev]n® A¤p-X-߃ XpS¿∂p-≠mb
_m[-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ssZhw ^d-thms‚ lrZ-bsØ ITn-
\-am-°n, ]t£ tkz—m-[n-]-Xn-bmb B `c-Wm-[n-Imcn
Xs‚ lrZ-bsØ kzbw ITn-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn-\p-tijw
am{X-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. ISn-™q¬ F∂ hm°v Nnebh-
k-c-ß-fn¬ imco-cn-I-P-\\ {Ia-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ BZy-Pm-
X-s\-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ P∑m-h-Imiw
kw_-‘n-®p≈ A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-bmb BZy-Pm-X≥
km[m-cW \ne-bn¬ hln-°p∂ kap-∂-X-]-Z-hn-bmWv
ChnsS A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. A\p-k-cn-®n-s√-¶n¬ ssZhw
Xs‚ ]p{Xs\ sIm√p-sa-∂p≈ ap∂-dn-bn∏v ^d-thm\p
e`n-®n-cp-∂p.
4:24˛26 F∂m¬ B ktµiw \evIp-∂-Xn\p apsº
tamsi kzbw A\p-k-cWw ]Tn-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
ImcWw Xs‚ ]p{Xs\ ]cn-t—-Z\ Ign-∏n-°p∂ Imcy-
Øn¬ (sK¿timw As√-¶n¬ Feym-k¿) tamsi ]cm-
P-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂p, Hcp-]t£ AXp knt∏m-d-bpsS FXn¿∏p-
sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. tamsisb sIm√p-sa∂v btlm
h `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ knt∏md tIm]-tØmsS
Xs‚ aIs\ ]cn-t—-Z\ Ign®v Xs‚ `¿Øm-hns‚ hnSp-
X-¬ Xo¿®-bm-°n. Ahƒ Ahs\ c‡-a-W-hm-f≥
F∂p hnfn-®p. knt∏m-d-bpsS ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-
Øns‚ A]-cym-]vXX hy‡-am-°nb Cu kw`h-am-bn-
cn-°pw, knt∏m-d-tbbpw Xs‚ c≠p ]p{X-∑m-scbpw Ah-
cpsS A∏s‚ `h-\-Øn-te°v tamsi Ab-bv°p-hm≥
Imc-W-ambn Xo¿∂Xv (18:2,3).
4:27˛31 tamsi an{k-bo-an-te°p aS-ßn-s®∂ Ah-
k-c-Øn¬ Al-tcm≥ Ahs\ ImWp-hm≥ h∂p. Ah¿
Ccp-hcpw Hcp-an®v bn{km-tb¬ a°-fpsS apºmsI \n∂p.
ssZ-hnI ktµiw Ahsc Adn-bn-®p. ssZhw \-evInb
aq∂p AS-bm-f-ß-fm¬ AXp ÿnco-I-cn-®p. At∏mƒ
P\w hniz-kn®v btlm-hsb\a-kv°-cn-®p.
IV. ^d-thm-\p-am-bp≈ tamsi-bpsS G‰p-
ap-´¬ (5:1˛7:13)
A. H∂m-asØ G‰p-ap-´¬ (5:1˛7:6)
5:1 ^d-thms‚ apºmsI t]mIp-tºmƒ aq∏-∑m-sc-
°qSn IqsS sIm≠p-t]m-I-W-sa∂v 3:18¬ ssZhw tamsi-
tbmSp ]d-™n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AtX Ah-k-c-Øn¬
Xs∂ tamsi-bpsS h‡m-hmbn ssZhw Altcms\
\nb-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠m-bn-cp∂p (4:14˛16). AXp-
sIm≠v aq∏-∑m-cpsS ÿm\Øv Al-tcm-\mWv tamsi-
tbm-sSm∏w t]mb-Xv. btlm-h-bpsS ktµiw Ak-∂n-
KvZ-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ P\sØ hn´-b-bv°Ww .
5:2˛14 tamsibpw Al-tcm\pw Xß-fpsS BZysØ
\nth-Z\w ^d-thm\p ka¿∏n-®-t∏mƒ Ah¿ P-\-Øns‚
the sa\-s°-Sp-Øp-∂p-sh∂v ]d™v Ahsc imkn-
®p. IqSmsX Ah¿°v CjvSnI D≠m-°p-hm-\p≈ ssh-
t°m¬ sImSp-°msX AXv kzbw tiJ-cn-°-W-sa∂pw
apº-sØ-t∏mse Xß-fp-sS \nXy-the XnI-bvt°Ww
F∂pw iTn-®p-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS the-bpsS `mcw h¿≤n-
∏n-®p. \mkn-I-fpsS XS¶¬ ]mf-b-ß-fn¬ blq-Z-∑m-
tcmSp CS-s]´ Hcp coXnsb A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-X-c-
Øn¬ ^d-thm≥ blq-Z-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ Akm-
[y-amb Hcp Ahÿ krjvSn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\
ssht°m-en-\p-]-Icw XmfSn tiJ-cn-∏m≥ an{k-bow
tZiØp F√m-Shpw Ah¿°p NnXdn \S-t°-≠n-h-∂p.
ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ Cu P\-tØmsS F{X am{Xw \nµ-
tbmsSbmWv Ah¿ s]cp-am-dn-b-sX∂v F{_mb thZ-
hm-Iy-ß-fn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. XmfSn F∂Xv ssht°m-
en\p ]Icw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ ]cp-°\pw Zp¿_-e-hp-
amb Hcp hkvXp-hm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v tImƒ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p
(7).
5:15˛23 AXp- h sc b{km- t b- e y¿°v ssht°m¬
\evIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. CjvSnI ZrVo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, Ah
D≠m-°p∂ aqi-bn¬ AXp H´n-∏n-Sn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p-am-bn-
cp∂p AXv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Zfin∏n-°-s∏´ blqZ
{]am-Wn-am¿ ^d-thm-t\mSv {]Xn-tj[w {]I-Sn-∏n-®p.
]t£ bmsXmcp ]cn-K-W-\bpw Ah¿°p e`n-®n-√.
At∏mƒ Ah¿ tamsi-sbbpw Al-tcm-s\bpw Ip‰-s∏-
Sp-Øn. tamsi ssZhsØ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]pd-ta-bp-≈-h-
cn¬ \n∂p≈ ]o-U-sb-°mƒ ]e-t∏mgpw ssZh-P-\-ß-
fpsS CS-bn¬ \n∂p Xs∂-bp≈ FXn¿∏v kln-°p-hm-
\mWv Gsd {]bm-kw.
6:1˛12 ssZh-Øns‚ \o´nb `pP-Øm¬ ^d-thm≥
\n¿_-‘n-X-\m-°-s∏-Sp∂Xp-sIm≠v Ah≥ bn{kmtb-
ens\ hn´-b-bv°p-sa-∂p≈ Dd-∏p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v
tamsi-bpsS tIm]-tØm-sS-bp≈ kwkm-c-Øn\p BZyw
A\p-I-º-tbmsS ssZhw adp-]Sn \evIn. AXn-\p-tijw
tKm{X ]nXm-°-∑m¿°v BZy-ambn Xs∂-Ø-s∂ shfn-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv \nba ]me-I-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ hy‡n-
\m-a-amb btlm-h-bm-bn-´√ adn®v F¬i-±mbn AYhm
k¿∆i- ‡ - \ mb ssZh- a m- b n- ´ mWv F∂v tamsisb
ssZhw H¿Ωn-∏n-®p. Ct∏mƒ btlm-h-bmb Xm≥ Xs∂
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv ]pXn-sbmcp coXn-bn¬-˛-A-Xm-b-Xv˛
Xs‚ P-\sØ hnSp-hn-°p∂ ]pXn-sbmcp i‡n-bn¬
BsW-∂mWv ChnSpsØ at\m`mhw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
Ah-s\mcp \nbaw sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv, bn{km-tb-ens\ an{k-
bo-an¬ \n∂pw hnSp-hn®v hmKvZ-Ø-\m-´n¬ FØn-°p-∂-
tXmsS GI-tZiw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ ASp-Øn-cn-°-
 ]pd-∏mSv 6,7,8
bm-bn-cp-∂p. 6 apX¬8 hsc-bp≈ hmIy-ß-fn¬ ""Rm≥
sNøpw'' F∂p≈Xv Ggp-{]m-hiyw Bh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-
∂Xp {i≤n-°p-I. ""btlmh'' (ssZ-hw) F∂-t]cv
CXn\p apºpw D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p, F∂m¬ C-t∏mƒ
AXv ]pXnb A¿∞-Øn-emWv ChnsS FSp-Øn-cn°p-
∂-Xv. Cu hmIy-ß-fn¬ ssZhw X\-Xmb Ccp-]-Øn-b-
©p k¿∆-\m-a-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xp {i≤n-°p-
I, AXv Xm≥ sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xn-\pw, sNbvXp-sIm≠n-cn-
°p-∂-Xn-\pw, sNøp-hm\p-≈-Xn\pw Du∂¬ sImSp-Øp
sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ tamsibv°p ImgvN-∏mSv
\jvS-s∏-´p-sh∂p tXm∂p-∂p, Ah-\n-t∏mgpw Xs‚
kz¥w Ign-hn-√m-bva-bn¬ hym]r-X\m-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
ssZhw Ahs\ ho≠pw ss[cy- s ∏- S p- Ø n- b - X n- \ m¬
ssZhnI hm°p-Iƒ tamsi A\p-k-cn®p (A. 7) 12,30
F∂o hmIy-ß-fn¬ hmssKz-`-h-an-√m-Ø-h≥ F∂p
]d-™n-cn-°p∂ hm°p-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv hn°n-
hn°n kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h≥ F∂m-Wv, tamsi Xs∂-Ø-
s∂ Hcp henb {]-kw-K-I-\mbn IW-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂n-√.
6:13˛30 14-˛25 hmIy-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ hwim-hen
bmt°m-_ns‚ BZysØ aq∂p ]p{X-∑m-cmb cqt_≥,
inatbm≥, tehn F∂n-hcn¬ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. {KŸ-I¿Øm-hn\v ChnsS ]q¿Æ-amb Hcp hwim-
hen sImSp-t°≠ Imcy-an-√, adn®v tIhew tamsi
Altcm≥ F∂n-h-cn-te-°p≈ {Ia-KXn hc-®p-Im-´n-bm¬
am{Xw aXn. AXp-sIm≠v ]utcm-lnXy tKm{X-Øn-te-
°v FØp-∂Xn\pth≠n Xm≥ XnSp-°-Øn¬ cqt_≥,
ina-tbm≥ F∂n-h¿°p aosX-IqSn IS-∂p-t]m-bn.
7:1˛5 6˛mw A≤ymbw Ah-km-\n-°p-tºmƒ i‡-\mb
^d-thm≥ Xs∂-t∏mse km[p-hmb Hcp {]kw-K-Is\
Fßs\ {i≤n-°p-sa∂v tamsi A¤p-X-s∏-´p. tamsi
ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn-´mWv ^d-thm-s‚
apºmsI \n¬°p-∂-sX-∂m-bn-cp∂p ssZh-Øns‚ DØ-
cw. tamsi Al-tcm-t\mSp kwkm-cn-°pw, Al-tcm≥
B ktµ-iw ^d-thms\ Adn-bn-°pw, ^d-thm≥ AXp
hI-h-bv°p-I-bn-√, ]t£ Fß-s\-bm-bmepw ssZhw
Xs‚ P\sØ hnSp-hn-°pw.
7:6 hntam-N-\-Øns‚ al-Ømb ip{iqj Bcw`n-®-
t∏mƒ tamsibv°v F¨]Xpw Al-tcm\p F¨]-Øn-
aq∂pw hb p {]mb-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C∂pw hm¿≤Iyw
F∂p \mw ]d-bp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn-°p∂ kv{Xo]p-
cp-j-∑msc Xs‚ \ma-a-l-Xz-Øn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥
ssZh-Øn\p Ign-bpw.
B. c≠m-asØ G‰-ap-´¬ (7:7˛13)
hcp-hm-\n-cn-°p-∂ _p≤n-ap-´p-I-sf-°p-dn®v ^d-thm\p
ap∂-dn-bn∏v e`n-®n-cp-∂p. \ne-Øn´ Al-tcms‚ hSn
k¿∏-ambn Xo¿∂t∏mƒ ^d-thms‚ a{¥-hm-Zn-Ifpw
£p{Z-°mcpw kmØm-\y-i-‡n-bm¬ B A¤p-X-{]-
hrØn sNøp-hm≥ Ign-hp-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. an{k-bo-anse
a{¥-hm-Zn-Iƒ bt∂kpw bwt{_kpw Bbn-cp-∂p sh∂v
2Xn-sam. 3:38¬ \n∂pw \ap°p {Kln-°mw. tamsi-sbbpw
91
Al-tcm-s\bpw A\p-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v Ah¿ tamsi-tbmSp
FXn¿Øp-\n-∂p-sh-¶nepw Al-tcms‚ hSn Ah-cpsS
hSn-Isf hngp-ßn-°-f-™p. ssZhw ^d-thms‚ lrZbw
ITn-\-am-°n-bXv GI-]£o-b-am-bn-´m-bncp-∂√ adn®v
Xs‚ ]nSn-hm-in-bpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-sa-t∂m-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.
CXm-bn-cp∂p BZysØ _m[bv°p-≈-k-a-bw.
V. BZysØ H≥]Xp _m[-Iƒ
(7:14˛10:29)
A. H∂m-asØ _m[ ˛ss\¬\Zn c‡-am-bn-
Xo¿∂p (7:14˛25)
7:14˛18 Xs‚ cmPmhv \Zn-bn-te°p t]mb-t∏mƒ
AhnsS B \Zn-°-c-bn¬h®v ^d-thm-\p-ambn hy‡n-]-
c-amb Hcp G‰p-ap-´¬ \S-Øp-hm≥ ssZhw tamsi-tbmSp
Bh-iy-s∏´p (]p-Wy-\-Zn-bmb ss\en¬ Hcp-]t£
At±lw Ipfn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°mw). tamsi-bpsS ssIbn-
ep≈ hSn-bm¬ \Zn-bnse sh≈w c‡-am-bn Xo¿∂pI-
gn-™m¬ ]ns∂ a’y-ß-sf√mw NØp-t]m-Ip-Ibpw \Zn
\mdp-Ibpw AXp-sIm≠v an{k-bo-ay¿°v AXv Ad-∏mbn
Xocp-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂p-≈ Imcy-߃ tamsibv°v cmPm-
hns\ ap≥Iq´n Adn-bn-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
7:19˛25 ssZhw Iev]n-®-Xp-t]mse tamsibpw Al-
tcm\pw {]h¿Øn-®p. Ah¿ B hSn an{k-bo-anse sh≈-
Øn-t∑¬ \o´n. ss\¬\-Zn-bnse sh≈hpw an{kbow
tZi- Ø p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂ F√m sh≈hpw c‡- a m- b n-
Øo¿∂p., a’y-ß-sf√mw NØp, \Zn \mdn. an{k-bo-ay
a{¥-hm-Zn-Ifpw ss\¬\-Znbn-e-√msX thsd sh≈-ap-≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-SØv CtX A¤pXw Xs∂ sNbvXp ImWn-®p.
P\sØ hn´-b-bv°p-hm-\p≈ tamsi-bpsS Bhiyw \nc-
kn-°p-hm≥ ^d-thm\v CXv t{]m’m-l-\-ambn Xo¿∂p.
ss\¬\Zn aen-\-am-°-s∏´ Ggp-Zn-h-k-°mew Hmen-Iƒ
Ipgn®v P\w sh≈w Is≠-Øn.
B. c≠m-asØ _m[ ˛ Xhf (8:1˛15)
an{kbow tZiw apgp-h≥ \nd™ Xh-fb - m-ep≈ _m[
^d-thms‚ Im¿°iyw Ipdbv°p-hm≥ am{Xw hfsc Zpcn-
X-]q¿Æ-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu _m[ am‰p-hm≥ Ah≥ tamsi-
tbmSp Bh-iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, Xhf \nt∂bpw \ns‚ P\-
sØbpw hn´p \oßn \Zn-bn¬ am{Xw Ccn-t°-≠-Xn\p
Rm≥ \n\°pw \ns‚ `rXy-∑m¿°pw \ns‚ P\-Øn-\pw-
th≠n Ft∏mƒ {]m¿∞n-t°Ww F∂p F\n°p kabw
\n›-bn-®mepw F∂p tami ]d-™p. Bh-iy-Øn\p
Xh-fI- ƒ Ct∏mƒ C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ a{¥-hm-Zn-Iƒ°v
Xh-f-I-sfbpw D≠m-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿
kmØm\y i‡n- b m¬ km[m- c - W - b mbn Aßs\
sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ]t£ Xh-f-Isf \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿
ss[cy- s ∏- ´ n- √ , ImcWw Xh- f sb kºp- j v S - X bpsS
ssZh-ambn Ah¿ Bcm-[n-®p-h-∂n-cp-∂p. ASp-Ø-Zn-hkw
Xh- f - I - s f√mw NØ- t ∏mƒ AhbpsS ico- c - Ø n¬
\n∂p≈ hen-b Zp¿K‘w Ahn-sS-sb√mw hym]n-®p. ^d-
thm≥ ho≠pw Xs‚ lrZ-bsØ ITn-\-am°n.
92
C. aq∂m-asØ _m[ ˛ t]≥ (8:16˛19)
aq∂m-asØ _m[bn¬ \nesØ s]mSn-sbm-s°bpw
sImXpIv AYhm t]≥ Bbn amdn. a-{¥-hmZn-Iƒ°v
Xß-fpsS i‡n-bm¬ t]\ns\ Df-hm-°p-hm≥ Ign-
bmsX h∂ Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Ah¿°p≈ i‡n-
sb-°mƒ hen-sbmcp i‡n-bmWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-sX∂v
Ah¿ ^d-thm-t\mSp ]d-™p. ]t£ cmPmhv AXp Iq´m-
°msX ho≠pw ITn\ NnØ-\mbn Xo¿∂p. cmPmhv Xs‚
lrZ-bsØ ITn-\-am-°p-t¥mdpw ssZhhpw Ahs‚ lrZ-
bsØ ITn-\-am-°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p.
D. \mem-asØ _m[ ˛ \mbo® (8:20˛32)
8:20-˛24 Aßs\ ssZhw \mem-asØ _m[-bmb
\mbo®(swarms of flies) Iq-´sØ Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bn-te°v
Ab-®p. NKJV ¬ \mbo® F∂Xv {]tXyI Ncn™
A£-c-ß-fn-emWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F{_mb
`mj-bn-¬ {]mWn-°q´w (swarms) F∂p am{Xta A£-
co-I-ambn CXp-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂p≈p F∂m-WXv
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Hcp {]tXyI {]mWn (Cu-
®) sb Ipdn-®m°n FgpXn-bXv hnh¿Ø-I-cm-Wv. Hcp-
]t£ Cu {]mWn-°q´w ]e h¿§Øn¬s∏´-h-bpsS Hcp
kΩn-{i-ambncp∂n-cn-°mw. an°-hmdpw F√m _m[-Ifpw
an{k-bo-anse I]S ssZh-ßsf (ss\¬\-Zn-t]m-se-Xs∂
an{k-bo-an¬ F√m Pohn-Ifpw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Hmtcm
ssZh-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p) e£y-am-°n-s°m-≠p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂-
Xn-\m¬ ChnsS h≠n-s\-bm-bn-cn°mw Hcp-]t£ A¿∞-
am-°nb-Xv. CXv ]pWy-h-≠p-I-fpsS ssZh-amb sI{]n
(Khepri) s°Xn- c m- b p≈ Hcp B{I- a - W - a m- b n- c p- ∂ n-
cn°mw(8).
8:25˛32 an{kbow tZi-Øp-Xs∂ ssZh-Øn\p bmKw
Ign-t°-≠-Xn\v bn{km-tb-eysc A\p-h-Zn-°p-hm≥ ^d-
thm≥ Xøm-dm-bn. ]t£ AXp km≤y-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p,
ImcWw an{k-boay¿ ssZh-ß-fmbn Bcm-[n-®p-h-cp∂
arK-ß-sf Ah¿ bmKw Ign-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠p AsXmcp
el-fbv°p Imc-Wam-bn-Øo-cpw. AXn-\p-tijw ^d-
thm≥ blq-Z-∑msc acp`q-an-bn-te°p t]mIp-hm≥ A\ph-
Zn-°mw. ]t£ AXn Zqc-Øp-am-{Xw t]mI-cpXv F∂p
Ah- t cmSp ]d- ™ p. CXpw Xr- ] v X n- I - c - a - √ m- b n- c p∂p
ImcWw aq∂p Znh-ksØ hgn-Zqcw t]mIp-hm-\mWv
ssZhw Ah-tcmSp Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. an{k-bo-ay¿ _m[-
bn¬\n∂pw hnap- ‡ - c mbn Xo¿∂- t ∏mƒ ^d- t hm≥
ho≠pw Xs‚ a\- p-am-‰n,. P\sØ t]mIp-hm-≥ A\p-
h-Zn-®n-√.
E. A©m-asØ _m[ ˛ arK-hym[n (9:1˛7)
^d-thm\p ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-sIm-Sp-Ø-tijw ssZhw Hcp
arK-hym[n an°-hmdpw B{¥mIvkv Bbn-cn-°m-\mWv
km[y-X. Ab-®p. an{k-bo-ay-cpsS hb-en-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂
arK- ß - s f√mw AXn- \ m¬ NØp- t ]m- b n. F∂m¬
bn{kmtb-ey-cpsS arK-ßsf AXp _m[n-®n-√. AXp
sIm≠v kzm`m-hnI {]Xn-`m-kw-sIm≠v am‰p-hm≥ Ign-
]pd-∏mSv 8,9,10
bmØ Xc-Øn¬ hnth-I-_p-≤n-bp≈ Hcp \ymb-hn-[n-
bm-bn-cp-∂p AXv. {]Ir-Xn-am-lm-fly-hmZ-]-c-amb \ne-
bn¬ hym[n-Isf hni-I-e\w sNøp-h-\m≥ t\m°p∂
F√m {ia-ßfpw ChnsS kzbw XI¿°-s∏-Sp-∂p. (an-
{k-bo-aycpsS F√m-ar-K-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse sIm√-s∏-´n-
√). 19-˛-mw hmIy-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn®n-cn-°p∂ Nne arK-
߃ am{Xta BZyw sIm√-s∏-´p-≈p. ]n∂oSv arK-ß-
fn¬h®v sIm√-s∏-´Xv s]k-lm-bpsS cm{Xn-bn-emWv
(12:29b) NneXv hoSp-I-fn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂Xp sIm≠v c£-
s]-´p (hm. 20). AXp-sIm≠v Bdmw hmIy-Ønse F√m
arK-ßfpw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv hb-en-
ep≈ F√m arK-ß-fpw F∂mWv F√m-Ø-c-Øn-ep-ap-
≈h Ft∂m BWv. tIm-em-´p-sIm-‰≥, tImem-Sv, Imf
F∂nh an{k-bo-aysc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]pWy-ar-
K-ß-fm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ No™p-\m-dnb Ah-cpsS P¥p-°-
fpsS ih-߃ A¥-co-£sØ aen-a-k-am-°n-s°m-≠n-
cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
F. Bdm-asØ _m[ ˛ ]pÆv (9:8˛12)
^d-thm≥ ho≠pw Xs‚ lrZ-bsØ ITn-\-am-°n-b-
t∏mƒ ssZhw shÆo-cns\ an{k-bo-anse ar-K-ß-fp-sS-
taepw a\p-jy-cp-sS-taepw ]pÆm-°n-Øo¿Øp. a{¥-hm-
Zn-Iƒ°p-t]mepw ]pÆp _m[n-®p. ^d-thm≥ Xs‚
lrZbw IqSp-X¬ ITn-\-am-°p-t¥mdpw \ymb-ambn ssZh-
Ømepw AXp IqSp-X¬ ITn-\-am-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.
G. Ggm-asØ _m[ ˛ I¬a-gbpw Xobpw
(9:13˛35)
Fs‚ _m[-I-sfm-s°bpw F∂ {]tbmKw ChnsS
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, ssZh-Øns‚ _m[-I-fpsS ]q¿Æ-i-
‡n-sb-bm-Wv. apsº D≠mb _m[-Iƒ sIm≠v ^d-
thm-s\bpw an{k-bo-ay-scbpw ssZh-Øn\p \in-∏n-°m-
am-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ Xs‚ i‡n {]Z¿in-∏n-t°-≠-Xn\pw
Io¿Øn {]kn-≤-am-t°-≠-Xn-\p-amWv ^d-thms\ tijn-
∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v ssZhw ^d-thms\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-®p. ^d-
thms\ A[n-t£-]n-t°-≠-Xn\v ap≥Iq´n hn[n-°-s∏-´-
Xm-bp≈ kqN\ 16-˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.
thZ-]p-kvXIw A[n-t£]w A\p-im-kn-°p-∂n-√. ssZh-
i-‡n-tbmSv FXn¿°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp-h\v
F¥p kw`-hn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xns‚ Hcp DZm-l-c-W-ambn
ssZhw ^d-thms\ D]-tbm-Kn®p (tdm-a. 9:16,17 hmIy-
ßfpw t\m°p-I).
I¬a-gbpw an∂epw AS-ßnb ASpØ _m[-bn¬
CSnbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXv a\p-jy-scbpw arK-ß-sfbpw
sImbvØn\p ]mI-am-bn-cp∂ NWw, bhw F∂n-h-sbbpw
\in-∏n®p If™p (hm. 31,32). F∂m¬ tKmXºpw
tNmfhpw hf¿∂n-´n-√m-™-Xp-sIm≠v \in-®p-t]m-bn-√.
tKmsi≥ tZiØp ]m¿Øn-cp∂ bn{km-tb¬ a°sf
CsXm∂pw _m[n-®n-√. ^d-thms‚ At]£ {]Imcw
tamsi {]m¿∞n- ® p. _m[ \n¿Ø- e m- ° n. F∂m¬
tamsi {]Xo-£n-®-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂, F{_m-bsc hn´-b-
bv°p-∂-Xn¬ ^d-thm≥ ho≠pw ITn-\-lr-Z-b-\m-°-s∏´p.
 ]pd-∏mSv 10,11,12
H. F´m-asØ _m[ ˛sh-´p°nfn (10:1˛20)
Bk-∂am-bn-cn°p∂ sh´p-°nfn _m[sb °pdn®p
tamsibpw Al-tcm\pw ^d-thm\v ap∂-dn-bn∏p sImSp-
Ø-t∏mƒ ]pcp-j-∑m¿ am{Xw t]mbn btlm-hbv°p
D’hw BN- c n- ° p- h m≥ ^d- t hm≥ \n¿t±- i n- ® p.
kv{XoIfpw Ip´n-Ifpw an{k-bo-an¬ Xs∂ ]m¿°Ww
F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Xs‚ Xmev]-cyw. F∂m¬ Ah-cpsS
IpSpw-_ß- ƒ an{k-bo-an¬ Bbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]pcp-j∑
- m¿
am{X-w acp-`q-an-bn-te°p t]mIp-hm≥ ssZhw B{K-ln-
®n-√. tZiw apgp-h≥ hym]n-®p, `£y-tbm-Ky-amb kI-
ehpw Xn∂p \in-∏n® sh´p-°nfn apsº-ßp-ap-≠m-ImØ
hn[-Øn¬ cq£-am-bn-cp-∂p. skdm-∏nkv tZh\v sh´p-
°n-fn-bn¬ \n∂pw tZisØ kwc-£n-°p-hm-\p≈ i‡n-
bn-s√-∂mWv CXp hnfn-®-dn-bn-®-Xv. ^d-thm≥ _m[ Hgn-
bp-∂-Xn-\mbn At]-£n-∏m≥ Xmev]-cy-s∏-´p-sh-¶nepw
bn{km-tb¬a-°sf t]mIp-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-®n-√.
I. HºXm-asØ _m[ ˛ aq∂p-Zn-h-ksØ Iqcn-
cp´v (10:21˛28)
10:21˛28 aq∂p-Zn-h-k-tØ°v kv]¿in-°-Ø° Iqcn-
cp-´p-≠m-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p H≥]-Xm-asØ _m[. F∂m¬
bn{km-tb¬ a°ƒ°v F√m-h¿°pw Xß-fpsS hmk-
ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ shfn-®-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv {]I-S-amb
Hcp A¤p-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. an{k-bo-ay-cpsS kqcy-tZ-h-\mb
dm (Ra) i‡n lo\-\m-sW-∂p≈ bmYm¿∞yw shfn-
®-Øm-°-s∏-´p. kv{Xo-I-sfbpw BSp-am-Sp-I-sfbpw an-{k-
bo-an¬ tijn-∏n-°p-hm\pw ^d-thm≥ tamsi-tbmSp ]d-
™p. CXv Ah¿ aS-ßn-h-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp Dd-∏m-Ip-
sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p ^d-thm≥ hnNm-cn-®-Xv. (H-cp-]t£ Xs‚
B´n≥Iq-´-tØm-sSm∏w AXp IqSn-tN¿Øv Ipdhp \nI-
Øm-sa∂v Xm≥ B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂n-cn-°mw). F∂m¬ Imcy-
߃ Aß-s\-bm-Ip-tºmƒ b-tlm-hbv°p bmKw Ign-
°phm≥ arK-߃ H∂p-ap-≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿
an{k-bo-an¬ \n∂pw t]mIp-∂-Xns‚ ImcWw Xs∂
bmK-am-bn-cp-∂-t√m. ^d-thm≥ Bh-iy-s∏´ {]Imc-ap≈
Hcp A\p-c-⁄-\-Øn\p tamsi Xøm-dm-ImsX h∂-
t∏mƒ Xs‚ k∂n-[m-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ft∂-°p-ambn
tamsisb ]pd-Øm-°p-hm≥ ^d-thm≥ Iev]n-®p.
10:29 \o ]d-™-Xp-t]m-se-bm-I-s´, Rm\n-\n \ns‚
apJw ImWp-I-bn√ F∂p≈ tami-bpsS i‡-amb
{]kvXm-h-\-bpw, Aßs\ Ah≥ D{K-tIm-]tØmsS ^d-
thms‚ ASp-°¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏-´p-t]mbn F∂p≈
11:8se hmIyhpw XΩn¬ ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
C\n Hcn-°epw F∂-Xp-sIm-≠¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv Cu {]mh-
iy-Øn-\p-tijw F∂m-sW∂pw 11:8se Imcyhpw B
N¿®m ktΩ-f\ - Ø
- n¬ Xs∂ Dƒs∏-´X - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw
amXyp sl≥{Sn A`n-{]m-bs
- ∏-Sp-∂p. At±lw Fg-Xp-∂Xv:
AXp-sIm≠v Cu A`n-ap-J-Øn-\p-tijw ho≠pw
Ab-bv°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-hsc tamsi Ahn-tS°p sN∂n-√.
a\p-jy≥ ssZh-hm-°p-Iƒ X≈n-°-f-bp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS
hymtam-l-ß-ƒ \ymb-ambn A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS
93
hn{K-l-ß-fpsS s]cp-∏-Øn-\-\p-k-c-W-ambn Ah¿°p
adp-]Sn \evIp-∂p. {InkvXp AhnSw hn´p t]mI-W-sa∂v
KZ-c-tZ-i-°m¿ B{K-ln-®-t∏mƒ, Ah≥ At∏mƒXs∂
Ahsc hn´p-t]mbn (9).
VI. s]k-lmbpw ISn-™q¬ kwlm-chpw
(11:1˛12:30)
11:1˛10 ^d-thms‚ k∂n-[m-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw tamsi
AXp-h-scbpw t]mbn-cp-∂n-√. 4˛8 hsc-bp≈ hmIy-ß-
fn¬ Ah≥ Ct∏mgpw B `cW I¿Øm-hn-t\mSp kwkm-
cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. BZysØ aq∂p hmIy-߃
Hcp {]kw-K-h-N-\-ambn Nn¥n-°-s∏-Smw. ]Øm-a-tØXpw
Ah- k m- \ - t ØXp- a mb _m[tbm- S p≈ _‘- Ø n¬,
bn{km-tb-ey¿ an{k-bo-ay-tcmSv sh≈n-bm-`c-W-ßfpw
s]m∂m`c-W-ßfpw tNmZn-∏m≥ (K.J.V ¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-
t]mse ISw taSn-°p-I-b-√) ssZhw tamsi apJm-
¥cw ]d-™p. \ntbm-Kn-°s∏´ Znhkw A¿≤-cm-{Xn-
bn¬ an{k-bo-ay-cpsS ISn-™q-ep-I-sfm-s°bpw kwl-
cn- ° - s ∏- S p- s a- ∂ pw, kwlm- c - I - \ m¬ bn{km- t b¬
bmsXmcp hn[- Ø nepw _m[n- ° - s ∏- S p- I - b n- s √∂pw
Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ Rßsf hn´p-t]m-IpI F∂p F{_m-b-
tcmSp ]d-™p-sIm≠v ^d-thms‚ kIe `rXy-∑mcpw
Xßsf \a-kv°-cn-°p-sa-∂pw tamsi ^d-thm\p ap∂-
dn-bn∏p \evIn. (12:6 ImWp-I) AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv tamsi
D{K-tIm-]-tØmsS cmPm-hns‚ ASp-°¬\n∂p ]pd-s∏-
´p-t]m-b-Xv. B Xm°oXv _[n-cX _m[n® sNhn-I-fn-
emWv FØn-b-Xv, ssZhw ^d-thms‚ lrZ-bsØ IqSp-
X¬ ITn-\-am-°n.
12:1˛10 BZysØ s]k-lmbv°p Hcp-tß-≠Xp Fß-
s\-sb-∂Xp kw_-‘n®p ssZhw tamsibv°pw Al
tcm\pw hni-Z-amb \n¿t±-i-߃\-evIn. s]k-lm-°p-
™m-Sv, Xo¿®-bmbpw {InkvXp-hn\p \ng-emWv (1-sIm-cn.
5:7). AXv Du\- a n- √ m- Ø Xv Bbn- c n- ° - W - s a- ∂ p- ≈ Xv
{InkvXp-hns‚ ]m]-an-√mØ Ah-ÿ-sb-bmWv kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xv., Hcp hb p {]mb-ap≈ B¨ F∂-Xv,
I¿Ømhv Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øns‚ Bcw-`Øn¬ Xs∂
tNmZn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s\-bmImw Hcp-]t£ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-
Xv. amk-Øns‚ ]Xn-\m-emw Xob-Xn-hsc AXp kq£n-
°- s ∏- S p- ∂ - X v , c£n- X m- h ns‚ \k- t d- Ø nse ap∏Xp
h¿jsØ cl-ky-Po-hn-X-sØ-bmWv ap≥Iq´n kqNn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xv. Xm≥ ssZh-Øm¬ ]co-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw a\p-
jy-cpsS kq£va-\n-co-£-W-Øn\v ]m{X-ambn aq∂p-
h¿jw ]c-ky-ip-{iqj sNøp-∂Xpw Cu Ime-L-´-Øn-
em-Wv. {InkvXp ZpjvS-∑m-cpS Iøm¬ ]nSn-°-s∏´v tOZn-
°-s∏-Sp-∂X - p-t]m-se-bmWv ({]-hr. 2:23). bn{km-tb¬ k`-
bpsS Iq´-Øm¬ AXv sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. H≥]Xmw aWn-
t\- c Øv tbip sIm√- s ∏- ´ - X p- t ]m- s e- b mWv (a- Ø m.
27:45˛50) H≥]- X n\pw ]Xn- s \m∂n\pw at[y- b p≈
k‘ym-k-a-bØp AXv Adp-°-s∏-´-Xv. hnizm-k-Øm¬
kzmb-Ø-am-°p∂ {InkvXp-hns‚ c‡w, ]m]w, PUw,
kmØm≥ F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p c£ \evIp-∂-Xp-t]m-se,
kwlm-c-I-\n¬ \n∂p c£-s]-Sp-hm≥ AXns‚ c‡w
94
hmXn- e n¬ ]pc- t ´- ≠ - X p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂p (hm.7) amwkw
Xobn¬ NpS- W - a m- b n- c p∂p F∂- X v , \Ωp- s S ]m]w
\nanØw {InkvXp \ap-°p-th≠n ssZh-tIm-]m-·n-bn¬
shs¥-cn™ Ah-ÿ-sb-bmWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Xs‚ P\-Øns‚ Blm-c-amb {InkvXp-hn-s\-bmWv ]pfn-
∏n-√mØ A∏-tØmSpw ssI∏p-No-c-tbmSpw IqsS AXp
`£n-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ZpjvS-X-
bp-sSbpw hntZz-j-Øn-s‚bpw ]pfn-∏n-√m-sX, kXy-Øn-
s‚bpw \njv°-f-¶-X-bp-sSbpw Hcp Pohn-X-amWv \mw
\bn-t°-≠-Xv. IqSmsX {InkvXp-hns‚ IjvSm-\p`-h-ß-
fpsS Ibv]v F√m-bvt∏mgpw Hm¿Øp-sIm≠v bYm¿∞
am\-km-¥-c-tØm-Sp-IqsS \mw Pohn-°-Ww. Ip™m-Sns‚
Hcp Aÿn-t]mepw HSn-°-s∏-S-cpXv F∂v (hm.46) \ΩpsS
I¿Øm-hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ A£-cn-I-ambn \nh¿Øn-°-
s∏´ Hcp hyh-ÿ-bm-bn-cp∂p (tbm-l. 19:36).
12:11-˛20 bm{Xbv°p Hcp-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp P\-am-bn-
cp∂p BZysØ s]kl BN-cn-®-Xv. \o≠ bm{X-bn-
em-bn-cp∂ Xo¿∞mS-I¿ XnSp°-Øn¬ bm{X sNø-W-
sa-∂-XmWv \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. s]kl (I-S-∂p-
t]m-°v) F∂v \ma-I-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-hm-\p≈ ImcWw
c‡w ]pc-´n-bn-cp∂ hoSp-I-fn-t∑¬ ssZhw IS-∂p-t]mbn
F∂ A¿∞-Øn-em-Wv. s]kl (Passover) F∂ ]Z-
{]- t bm- K w- s Im≠v Ah- K - W n- ° pI (passby) F∂
A¿∞w hcp-∂n-√.tImƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p:
AXv icn-bmb i_vtZmXv¬]Øn imkv{Xtam Hcp
Zzbm¿∞ {]tbm-Ktam Bbn-cp-∂mepw bn{km-tb-ens\
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw s]kl A¿∞-am-°n-bXv Hcp
IS-∂p-t]m°v AYhm Hcp Xm≠n-°-S-°¬ F∂m-bn-cp-
∂p. Cu kµ¿`-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ bn{km-tb-en-
t\mSp Zb ImWn°p∂ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ {]hr-
Øn-tbmSp AXpw _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p (10).
bn{km-tb-ens‚ aX-]-c-amb Ime-K-W-\m-co-Xn-bnse
h¿j-a-\p-k-cn®v s]kl 14-˛mw Znh-k-am-bn-cp∂p (hm.
2). ]pfn-∏n-√m-Ø A∏-Øns‚ s]cp-∂mƒ s]k-lm-
tbmSp hf-sc-b-[nIw _‘-s∏-´p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. B
BZysØ s]klm cm{Xn-bn¬ P\w an{kbow hn´Xv
hfsc XnSp-°-tØmSp IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]nfiw ]pfn-°p-
hm-\-ap≈ ka-b-sam∂pw Ahn-sS-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. (hm.
34,39). AXn-\p-tijw Ggp-Zn-h-ksØ s]cp-∂mƒ BN-
cn-°p∂ Ah-k-c-Ønepw Ah¿ Ah-cpsS ]pd-∏m-Sns‚
thKX Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂ coXn-bn¬Xs∂ AXv BN-cn-®n-
cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]pfn∏v ]m]sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-
sIm≠v c‡-Øm¬ hos≠-Sp-°-s∏-´-h¿ ]m]-sØbpw
temI-sØbpw (an-{k-bow) Ah-cpsS ]nºn¬ Dt]-£n-
°-W-sa∂pw AXv Ahsc Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°pw. ]pfn-∏p≈
A∏w Xn∂p-∂-hs\ P\-Øn¬ \n∂p tOZn-®p-I-f-b-Ww.
F∂p-h-®m¬ ]mf-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw AXnse Ah-Im-i-
ß-fn¬\n∂pw Ahs\ ]pd-Øm-°Ww F∂¿∞w,. Nne
kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ tOZn-®p-I-f-bpI F∂ ]Z-{]-tbmKw
sIm≠¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv ac-W-Øn\p hn[n-°pI F∂mWv.
12:21˛27 A\-¥cw tamsi P\-Ønse aq∏-∑m¿°v Cu
]pd-∏mSv 12
\n¿t±-i-ß-ƒ sImSp-°p-∂-Xm-bmWv \mw tIƒ°p-∂-Xv.
hmXn-en-t∑¬ c‡w Xfn-t°-≠Xv F{]-Im-c-sa-∂-Xn-s\-
°p-dn-®p≈ IqSp-X¬ hni-Zmw-i-߃ ChnsS \evI-s∏-
´n-cn-°p-∂p. {InkvXp-hns‚ c‡w kw_-‘n-®p≈ hy‡n-
]-c-amb D]-tbmKw km[y-am-°p∂ hnizm-k-sØ-bm-bn-
cn°mw Cutkm∏v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu BNm-c-sØ-
°p-dn®p tNmZn-°p∂ `mhn-X-e-ap-dbv°v hos≠-Sp-∏ns‚
IY ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp t{]c-I-am-bn-cn°pw
s]k-l.
12:28˛30 A¿≤-cm-{Xn-bn¬ Ah-km-\-am-bp≈ {]lcw
`oj-Wn-bmbn Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ h∂p. an{k-bo-an¬ hen-
sbmcp \ne-hnfn D≠mbn; H∂p acn°msX Hcp hoSpw
D≠m- b n- c p- ∂ n√ Ah- k m\w bn{km- t b¬ a°ƒ°v
AhnSw hn´p-t]m-Ip-hm-\p≈ A\p-hmZw e`n-®p.
VII. an{k-bo-an¬\n-∂p≈ ]pd-∏mSv
(12:31˛15:21)
A. IS-en\p t\sc-bp≈ ]mem-b\w (12:31˛13:22)
12:31˛37 tamsi ^d-thms\ apJm-ap-Ja
- mbn I≠-Xmbn
31-˛-mw hmIyw A¿∞-am-°p-∂n√ (10:29 ImWp-I). Hcp
Zmk≥ ]d-bp-∂tXm sNøp-∂tXm ]e-t∏m-gpw Xs‚ bP-
am-\s‚ ta¬ Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. ^d-thms‚ `rXy-
∑m¿ bn{km-tb¬ a°-tfmSv Ahn-Sw-hn-´pt]mIp-hm≥
At]-£n-°p-sa∂v tamsi ap≥Iq´n {]h-Nn-®n-cp∂p (11:8).
an{k-bo-anse Hcp Pn√-bmb kqt°m-Øn\p t\sc-
bmWv bn{km-tb¬a-°ƒ bm{X sNbvXXv. ]e-kvXo-\n¬
CtX t]cn-ep≈ Hcp ]´Ww D≈-Xp-sIm≠v AXpw
CXpw XΩn¬ Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ap-≠m-I-cpXv (D-ev]. 33:17).
XßfpsS kºØv bn{km-tb-ey¿°v sImSpØv Ahsc
Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn¬ an{k-bo-ay¿°v kt¥m-jta D≠m-bn-
cp-∂p-≈p. F{_m-bsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ^d-thm\p
sNbvXp sImSpØ the-bpsS shdpw {]-Xn-^ew am{X-
am-bn-cp∂p AXv. AXv Ah¿°v bm{X-bv°p-th≠ k÷o-
I-c-W-ß-fmbpw ssZh-Øns‚ ip{iq-jbv°p th≠-Xmb
hkvXp-°-fmbpw \evI-s∏-´p. kv{XoI-sfbpw Ip´n-I-
sfbpw IqSmsX GI-tZiw Bdp-e-£w-t]¿ an{kbow
hn´p. ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS IrXy-amb IW°v 6,03,550 (38:26)
Bbn- c p- ∂ p. Aß- s \- s b- ¶ n¬ bn{km- t b¬ a°ƒ
samØ-Øn¬ GI-tZiw Ccp-]Xp e£w-t]¿ D≠m-bn-
cp-∂p.
12:38,39 ]pd-∏m-Sns‚ Xob-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬
H´-[n-I-amb X¿°-ß-fp-≠v. s]mXpsh AwKo-Ir-X-amb
bmYm-ÿn-XnI Nn¥m-K-Xn-bp≈ Hcp XobXn (BC. 1440)
BWv. a‰p Nne ]fin-X¿ BC 1290 tem AXn-\p-ti-
jtam Bbn-cp∂p ]pd-∏mSv F∂p ]d-bp∂p. (BapJw
ImWp-I). bn{km-tb-ey¿ an{k-bo-an¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏-´-
t∏mƒ hen-sbmcp kΩn-{i-]p-cp-jmcw (A-Xm-bXv hntZ-
in-Ifpw AXn¬ Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p) Ah-tcmSp IqsS ]pd-
s∏- ´ p. kwJy. 11:4˛¬ B kΩn- { i- P m- X nsb \oN-
P\w(NASB) F∂mWv kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AhnsS
 ]pd-∏mSv 12,13
ssZho-I-\-∑-I-tfm¿°msX Ah-s\-Xn-cmbn Ip‰m-tcm-
]Ww \S-Øp∂ Hcp P\-sØ-bmWv \mw ImWp-∂-Xv.
12:40˛42 40-˛mw hmIy-Ønse hwim-h-en-tbm-Sp≈
_‘-Øn¬ Dev]. 15:13,14 hmIy-ß-fpsS hymJym\w
t\m°p-I. bn{km-tb¬ P\w an{k-bo-an¬ Nne-h-gn®
samØw Ime-b-f-hmWv ChnsS ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ \m\q‰n
ap∏Xp kwh-’c - w. ]pd-∏m-Sns‚ B Znhkw hsc IW-
°m-°p-tºmƒ IrXy-amb Hcp kwJy-bm-W-Xv. \q‰m≠p
Iƒ°p-apºp ssZhw sNbvX hmKvZØw Ct∏mgpw ad-
∂n√ F∂p-≈Xv {]tXyIw {i≤n-t°≠ Hcp hnj-b-am-
Wv. Xs‚ P\sØ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p-sIm≠v h∂-Xn-eqsS
Xs‚ hm°p-Iƒ Xm≥ \nd-th-‰n. \ΩpsS hos≠-Sp∏p
kw_-‘-am-b hmKvZØw \nh¿Øn-∏m≥ ssZhw Xma-
kn- ° p- ∂ n√ (2- ] - s {Xm. 3:9). hcpw- \ m- f n¬ tbip-
{InkvXphn\p \ng-emb tamsi sNbvX-Xp-t]mse tami-
bpsS s]mcp-fmb I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{InkvXp Cu temI-
Øn¬ \n∂pw Xs‚ P\sØ hnSp- h n®p \nXy- a mb
hmKvZØ \m´n-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-Ipw.
12:43˛51 ]cn-t—-Z\ G‰-h¿ am{X-ta, AXp A\y-Pm-
Xn-°m-c-t\m, Ab¬°m-c-t\m, Zmk-t\m, Bcm-bn-cp-
∂mepw s]k-lm-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]mSp≈p F∂v
s]k-lm-bpsS N´-Øn¬ {]tXy-I-ambn FSp-Øp-]-d-™n-
cn-°p-∂p. ""A\y-Pm-Xn-°m-c-\mb Hcp-Ø\pw AXp Xn∂-
cp-Xv, ]c-tZ-inbpw Iqen-°m-c\pw AXp Xn∂-cpXv''
13:1˛15 an{kbo- a n¬ \S∂ ISn- ™ q¬ kwlm- c -
Øn¬\n∂pw bn{ktb¬ P\-Ønse ISn-™q-ep-Isf
Hs°bpw ssZhw c£n-®-Xp-sIm-≠v a\p-jycpsSbpw arK-
ß-fp-sSbpw BZy-Pm-X-∑m¿ btlm-h-bv°p-≈-Xm-I-bm¬
Ahsc Ah-\p-th≠n ip≤o-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
]utcmlnXy ip{iq-jb - v°mbn tehn tKm{XsØ th¿Xn-
cn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc BZy-Pm-X-∑m-cmb ]p{X-∑m-cmWv ]ptcm-
ln-X-ip{iqj sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. ip≤n-bp≈ arK-ß-fnse
ISn-™q-ep-Iƒ°v Hcp hb p {]mb-am-Ip-tºmƒ ssZh-
Øn\p bmKw A¿∏n-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p,. Igp-X-sb-t∏mse
ip≤n-bn-√mØ arK-ßf - psS ISn-™q-ep-Isf ssZh-Øn\p
bmKw A¿∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√,. AXp-sIm≠v Hcp
B´n≥ Ip´n-bpsS ac-W-Øm¬ Ahsb ho≠p-sIm-
t≈≠Xp≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
AXm-bXv AXn\p ]I-c-ambn Hcp B´n≥Ip´n sIm√-
s∏-S-W-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p kmcw, A{]-Imcw Hcp Igp-
Xsb ho≠p-sIm-≈p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ AXns‚ IgpØp HSn-
®p If-b-Ww. AXv kwlm-c-Øn\pw hos≠-Sp-∏n\pw
at≤y-bp≈ Hcp Xnc-s™-Sp-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. hne-sIm-SpØv
Igp- X - s b ho≠psIm≈p- h m- \ p≈ N´- ß ƒ ]n∂oSp
ÿm]n-X-ambn (te-hy. 27:27; kwJy. 18:15). ]m]Øn¬
P\n® BZy- P m- X - \ m- b ]p{X\pw hos≠- S p- ° - s ∏-
tS≠Xp≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahs‚ hos≠-Sp-∏phne A©p-
ti-°¬ {Zhy-am-bn-cp∂p (kw-Jy. 18:!6). ssZh-ap-ºm-sI-
bp≈ a\p-jys‚ Aip-≤-amb [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-bpsS
Kuc-h-ta-dnb Hcp ⁄m]-I-Ip-dn-∏m-bn-cp∂p AXv.
BZy-Pm-Xs‚ ip≤o-I-cWw ssZh-Øn\p th≠n-
95
bp≈ ka¿∏-WsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, hos≠-
Sp-°-s∏´ P\-Øn¬\n∂pw {]Xo-£n-°p∂ [m¿ΩnI
hnip-≤n-sb-°p-dn-®mWv ]pfn-∏n-√mØ A∏-Øns‚ s]cp-
∂mƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Ggp-Zn-h-k-tØ°v P\w ]pfn-∏n-√mØ
A∏w `£n-t°-Ww, Ah-cpsS `h-\-ß-fn¬ ]pfn∏v
Atijw ]mSn-√. BZy-Pm-Xs‚ ip≤o-I-c-Ww, ]p-fn-∏n-
√mØ A∏-Øns‚ s]cp-∂mƒ Ch c≠pw ssZhw Xs‚
P\sØ an{k-bo-an¬\n∂w hnSphn-®-sX{]-Imcw F∂-
Xn-s\-°p-dn®v `mhn-X-e-ap-d-bv°p≈ ]m-T-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
13:16 ssZh-h-N-\-`m-K-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ hfsc
sNdnb tXm¬s]-´n-Iƒ s\‰n-bnepw ssIØ-≠-bnepw
sI´n-s°m≠v blq-Z-∑m¿ 9,16 hmIy-߃ A£-co-I-ambn
A\p-k-cn-®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ AXns‚ Bflob A¿∞w
\mw sNøp-∂-sX√mw (ssI) \mw B{K-ln-°p-∂-sX√mw
(IÆv) ssZh-h-N-\-{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°Ww F∂-s{X.
13:17˛20 an{k-bo-an¬\n-∂pw I\m-\n-te-°p≈ G‰hpw
Ffp-∏-hgn s^en-kvXy-tZ-i-Øp-Iq-Sn-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
AXv tlmd ns‚ hgn F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Xoc-tZ-i-]m-
X-bn¬ IqSn-bp≈ GI-tZiw c≠m-gvNsØ ssZ¿Ly-
ap≈ Hcp bm{X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ an{k-boay ssk\y-
Øns‚ ÿncw Imh-ep≈ Xnc-°p-]n-Sn® s]cp-h-gn-bm-
bn-cp∂p CXv. Xs‚ P\sØ B{I-a-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw
XXv^e-am-bp-≠m-Ip∂ \ncp-’m-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£n-
°p-hm≥ th≠n ssZhw IqSpX¬ Z£n-Wm-`n-ap-J-ambn
ko\mbn D]-Zzo-]n-eqsS Ahsc \bn®p. bn{km-tb¬a-
°ƒ an{k-bo-an¬\n∂pw bp≤-k-∂-≤-cm-bmWv ]pd-s∏-
´-Xv. Ah¿ tbmtk-^ns‚ Aÿn-Ifpw Xs‚ P∑-\m-
Smb I\m≥tZ-i-tØ°v FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]m-∂p. A{]-
Imcw sNø-W-sa∂v Ah-cpsS ]q¿∆-]n-Xmhv Ah-sc-
s°m≠v Dd- ∏ mbn kXyw sNøn- ® n- c p- ∂ p. kn.- F - ^ v .
]os^¿ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv.
bn{km-tb¬ P\-Øns‚ apºmsI Xpd-°-s∏´ IS-
en-\p≈ thZ-]p-kvX-I-]-c-amb t]cv bmwk^v F∂m-Wv.
A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ ‘The sea of reeds’ BWXv (]p-d.
13:18). Ibv]p-X-SmIw (Bitter lakes) F∂v C∂-dn-b-s∏-
Sp∂ B taJe ]pcm-X\ Ime-ß-fn¬ sN¶-S-ep-ambn
(Red sea) _‘n-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Aßs\ ]c-º-cm-K-X-
ambn Read sea F∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ IS¬ X¿÷-a-bpsS
kuI-cym¿∞w Red Sea F∂p \ma-I-cWw sNø-s∏-´p.
IS¬ IS∂ IrXy-amb ÿew kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nc-h[n
XXz-hn-Nm-c-ß-fp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-bn¬ H∂pw-Xs∂
Atbm-Ky-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-´n-´n√ (11).
13:21,22 ]I¬ taL-kvXw`-ambpw cm{Xn A·n-kvXw-
- a mbpw Xs‚ P\- Ø ns‚ at[y btlm- h - b psS
km∂n≤yw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. amXyp sl≥{Sn- AXn-s\-°p-
dn®v A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse ÿnc-ambn \nev°p ∂
A¤p-X-ß-fm-b-cp∂p Ah(12). hkn-°pI F∂-Xns‚
F{_mb ]Z-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ sjt°\ F∂m-bn-cp∂p
Cu tXP- ns‚ taLw Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. Xs‚ P\-
Øns‚ ssZhoI \S-Øn-∏n-s\bpw i{Xp-°-fn¬\n-∂p≈
kwc-£-W-sØ-bp-amWv kvXw`w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (]pd.
96

bn{km-tb¬ a°-fpsS ]pd-∏mSpw bm{X-Ifpw

 ]pd-∏mSv 14,15
14:19,20). Cu c≠p Imcy-Ønepw CXp I¿Øm-hmb tbip-
{In-kvXp-hns‚ \s√mcp {]Xn-cq-]-amWv.
B. sN¶-S¬ IS-°p-∂Xv (A.14)
14:1˛9 thZ-]p-kvXIw samØ-Øn¬ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬
G‰hpw \mS-Io-b-am-bn-´p-≈-h-bn¬ H∂mWv 14-˛mw A≤ym-
bw. ssZhw bn{km-tb¬ a°sf sN¶-S-en\p Gsd-°psd
]Sn-™mdp DØ-c`m-K-Øp≈ ]ol-lo-tcm-an-te°p \bn-
®p. CXp ]mem- b \w Akm- ≤ y- a m°n Xo¿Ø- X mbn
tXm∂p-sa-¶nepw XpS¿∂p≈ A¤p-X-sØ-bmWv IqSp-
X¬ B›-cy-I-c-am°n Xo¿Øp. Ahsc ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p
]nSn-°m-sa∂p Nn¥n® ^d-thm≥ hnti-j-s∏´ Adp-\qdp
cY-ß-sf-bpw-an-{k-bo-anse kIe cY-ß-sfbpw Ah-
bv°p-th-≠p∂ tXcm-fn-I-sfbpw Iq´n ]S-÷-\-tØm-
sSm∏w Ahsc ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p. IS¬°-c-bn¬ Xmh-f-a-Sn-
®n-cn-°p-∂, {]Xy-£-Øn¬ \ncm-ew-_-cmb Ccp-]-Xp-e-
£-tØmfw hcp∂ bn{km-tb¬ a°sf ^d-thm≥ AXn-
thKw ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p adn-I-S-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ch c≠n-\mepw
hebw sNø-s∏´ Cu Hc-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn-°mw, `bm-\-
I-amb Hcp sshj-ay-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ ]cs°
Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Bg-ta-dnb \oe-°-S-en\pw (sN-¶-S¬)
sNIp-Øm\pw (^-d-thm≥) a≤y-Øn¬ F∂ `mjm-ssi-
en-bpsS XpS-°w.
14-:10˛14 bn{km-tb¬ a°ƒ Xe-bp-b¿Øn an{kbow
ssk\yw ]n∂mse hcp-∂-Xp-I-≠-t∏mƒ kzm`m-hn-I-
ambn kvXw`n-®p-t]m-bn. F∂m¬ Ah¿ hnth-I-tØmsS
btlm-ht- bmSp \ne-hn-fn-®p. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Ah¿ s]s´-
∂pXs∂ CXn\p apsºm-cn-°¬ sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xp-t]mse
ssZhnI \S-Øn-∏p-Im-c-\mb tamsi-tbmSp ]cm-Xn-s∏-
´p. acp`q-an-bn¬ acn-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ an{k-bo-ay¿°v
the sNøp-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p X߃°p \√-sX∂p Ah¿
tamsi-tbmSp ]d™p (5:21). CXv tIhew Ah-cpsS
Ahnizm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p, bmsXmcp hn[-Ønepw CXv Ah-
km-\-am-bp≈ Hcp kwK-Xn-bp-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. tamsi `ocp-
hm- I msX, ""Dd®p- \ n∂p btlmh C∂p \n߃°p
sNbvhm\n-cn-°p∂ c£ I≠p-sImƒhn≥'' F∂v Ah
tcmSp ]d-™p.
14:15˛18 Ncn-{X-Ønse G‰hpw henb A¤p-X-ß-fn¬
H∂v kw`-hn-°p-hm≥ t]mIp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
At∏mƒ btlmh tamsi- t bmSp \n¿t±- i n- ® p,
""aptºm´p t]mIp-hm≥ bn{km-tb¬ a°-tfmSp ]d-I.
hSn FSp-Øp \ns‚ ssI IS-en-t∑¬ \o´n AXns\
hn`m-Kn-°, bn{km-tb¬a-°ƒ IS-ens‚ \Spsh DW-
ßnb \ne-Øp-IqSn IS-∂p-t]mIpw''.
an{k-bo-ay-cpsS lrZbw ITn-\-am-°n-s°m≠v ssZhw
^d-thm-\nepw Ahs‚ kIe ssk\yß-fnepw Xs∂-
Øs∂ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXp IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠v
amXyp sl≥{Sn Fgp-Xp∂p:
Xs‚ al-Xz-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-tØmsS hf-sc-°mew
FXn¿Øp-\n-∂-hsc Xs‚ D{K-tIm-]-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-
Øn≥Io-gn¬ B°n-sh-bv°p-∂Xv ssZhsØ kw_-‘n-
97
®n-S-tØmfw \oXn-bp≈ Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. Cu Zp¿hm-in-
bp≈ Al-¶m-cn-bmb hnπ-h-Im-cn-I-fp-sS-ta-ep≈ hnP-
b-Øns‚ coXn-bn-emWv AXv ]d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv (13).
14:19˛28 ssZh-Øns‚ ZqX≥ ({InkvXp, N¿®-bv°p-
th≠n \ymbm. 6 t\m°p-I). an{k-bo-ay-cy¬\n∂pw bn{k-
tb¬ P\sØ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n taL-kvXw-
`ambn Ah-cpsS ]n≥`m-KØv \n∂p. Cu taL-kvXw`w
bn{k-tb-en-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ {]Im-i-ambpw an{k-
bo-aysc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ccp-fmbpw Xo¿∂p. sN¶-
S¬ c≠mbn hn`-Pn-°p-hm-\p≈ tamsi-bpsS B⁄-
bn¬ sh≈Øns‚ c≠p-a-Xn-ep-Iƒ, Ahbv°p \Sp-hn-
eqsS DW-ßnb Hcp ]mX-tbm-Sp-IqsS cq]-s∏´p h∂p.
bn{km-tb¬ P\w AXn-eqsS kpc-£n-X-cmbn IS-∂p-
t]m-bn, F∂m¬ ^d-thms‚ ssk\yw Ahsc ]n≥Xp-
S-cp-hm≥ {ian-®-t∏mƒ btlmh Ah-cpsS ssk\ysØ
Xmdp-am-dm-°n. Ah-cpsS cY-N-{I-ßsf sX‰n-®p, Hm´w
{]bm-k-am-°n-Øo¿Øp. Ah¿°p ]n≥hm-ßp-hm≥ Ign-
bpw-ap-≥t] tamsi-bpsS Iev]-\-{]-Imcw kap{Zw Ahsc
aqSn-°-f-™p. Ah-cn¬ Hcp-Ø≥t]mepw tijn-®n-√.
ssZh-ln-X-{]-Imcw \mw apt∂-dp-tºmƒ Akm-[y-amb
Imcy-߃ sNøp-hm≥ sN¶-S¬ hn`m-Kn® Cu hnizmkw
\sΩ {]m]vX-cm-°p-∂p.
14:29˛31 ]g- b - \ n- a - b - Ø n¬ ssZhn- I - i - ‡ n- b psS
G‰hpw henb {]Z¿i-\-am-bn-´mWv sN¶-S¬ IS-°p-∂Xv
{]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ {InkvXp-hns\ acn-
®-h-cp-sS-bn-S-bn¬\n∂pw Dbn¿∏n® i‡n-bmWv F°m-
e-sØbpw G‰hpw henb i‡n.
C. tamsi-bpsS ]m´v (15:1˛21)
c‡-Øm-ep≈ hos≠-Sp-∏n-s\-°p-dn®p s]kl ]d-
bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, i‡n-bm-ep≈ hos≠-Sp-∏n-s\-°p-dn®p
sN¶-S¬ ]d-bp-∂p. tij-ap-≈-Xns\ tamsi-bpsS ]m´v
{]Io¿Øn-°p-∂p. tUm. F®v.-kn.-hp-Uvdnßv AXp-Xm-sg-
]-dbpw {]Im-c-amWv kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv (14).
apJ-hpc (hm. 1) ˛ btlm-h-bpsS hnPbw
`mKw H∂v (hm. 2,3) ˛ btlmh Bcm-Ip-∂p, _ew,
KoXw, c£
`mKw c≠v (hm. 4˛13)˛ btlmh sNbvXXv: i{Xp-°-
fm-bn-cp-∂-h-cp-sS-ta¬ Pbw-sIm-≠m-Sn, Xs‚ P\sØ
an{k-bo-an¬\n∂p hnSp-hn®p
`mKw aq∂v (hm. 14-˛18) ˛ btlmh sNøp-hm≥ t]mIp-
∂-Xv. hcp-hm-\p≈ i{Xp-°-fp-sS-ta-ep≈ Pbw; Xs‚
P\sØ AhcpsS Ah-Im-i-Øn-te°p sIm≠p-h-cp∂p
D]-kw-lmcw (hm.19) ˛ an{k-bo-ans‚ ]cm-P-bhpw
bn{km-tb-ens‚ hnSp-Xepw XΩn-ep≈ Xmc-X-ay-]-Taw
ancym- a n- s ‚bpw a‰p kv { XoI- f p- s Sbpw {]Xn- K m\
{]XnI-cWw (hm. 20,21) GI-tZiw aq∂p \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ-
°p-apºv Cw•ojv hymJym-Xm-hm-bn-cp∂ amXyp sl≥{Sn
Cu al-Ømb Bflob k¶o¿Ø-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈
98
Xs‚ A`n-\-µ-\hpw [mc-Wbpw Xmsg-]-dbpw {]Imcw
{]I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.
Cu KoXsØ am\n-®p-sIm≠v {]kvXm-hn-°p-hm≥
\ap°v CS-bm-I-s´. ImcWw (1) \ap°v Adn-bm-hp-∂-
Xn¬h®v G‰hpw ]pcm-X-\-am-sbmcp k¶o¿Ø-\-am-Wn-
Xv. (2) cN\ hfsc {]iw-k-\o-b-am-b-Xv, Db¿∂ \ne-
hm-c-ap-≈Xpw D÷ze-am-b-Xp-amb cN-\m-co-Xn, DNn-Xhpw
ssNX-\y-ap-≈-Xp-amb cq]-I-ev]-\, samØ-Øn¬ hfsc
lrZ-b-kv]r-°mb Hcp KoXw. (3) CXv ]cn-]m-h-\-amb
Hcp k¶o¿Ø-\-am-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ amlm-fly-Øn-\p-
th≠n ka¿-∏n-°-s∏-´Xpw Xs‚ \masØ Db¿Øp-hm≥
C—n-®p-sIm-≠v, Xs‚ kvXpXnsb {]Io¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw
GsXmcp a\p-jy\pw H´pwXs∂ ]¿∆-Xo-I-cn-t°≠
Bh- i y- a n- √ mØpw Xt‚- X p- a m- { Xhp- a mb H∂m- W n- X v .
ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ hnip≤n
CXn¬ ap{ZWw sNø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. CXp ]mSp-∂X - n-eqsS
Ah¿ Ah\v {ih-W-kpJw ]I¿∂p. (4) CXp amXr-
Im-]-c-amb Hcp k¶o¿Ø-\-am-Wv. sN¶-S¬ XocØp
CXp ]mSn-b-Xp-t]m-se, ]fp-¶p-I-S¬Xo-cØv ]mSn-b-Xmbn
]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ tami-bp-sSbpw Ip™m-Sn-s‚bpw KoX-
Øn¬ (sh-fn.15:2,3) Xs‚ i{Xp-°-fpsS A[x-]-X-\-Øn-
ep≈ kphn-ti-j-k`-bpsS hnPbw {]I-S-am-°-s∏-´n-cn-
°p-∂p(15).
VIII.ko\m-bn-te-°p≈ bm{X (15:22˛18:27)
A. iq¿ acp-`qan (15:22˛27)
sN¶-S¬ Xoc-Øp-\n∂pw ko\mbn ]¿∆-X-Øn-te-
°p≈ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-߃ Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv 22-˛mw hmIy-
Øn¬\n-∂p-am-Wv. F°m-e-sØbpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p≈
Bflob ]mT-ß-fm¬ \nd-b-s∏-´-XmWv Hmtcm Im¬h-
bv]pw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Ibv]v F∂¿∞-ap≈ amdm,
Pohn-X-Ønse Ibvt]-dnb A\p-`-h-ß-sf-bmWv kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Pohn-X-Ønse Ibv]p-\n-d™ hnj-b-ßsf
am[p-cy-ap-≈-Xm°n Xo¿°p∂ Im¬h-dn-bmWv B ac-
sa∂v A`n- { ]m- b - s ∏- S p- ∂ p. ""\ns∂ kuJy- a m- ° p∂
btlmhbmbn'' (b-tlmh tdmt^-°) ssZhw Xs∂-
Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. an{k-bo-aysc IjvS-s∏-Sp-Ønb
F√m _m[-I-fn¬\n∂pw bn{km-tb-ens\ hnSp-h-°p-sa-
∂v ssZhw hmKvZXzw sNbvXp. sh≈-ap≈ ]{¥-≠p-In-
W-dp-Ifpw Fgp-]Xp CuØ-∏-\-Ifpw Feow kqNn-∏n-
°p- ∂ - X v , {Iqin- \ p- ≈ - h - c mbn Xo¿∂p Ign- b p- t ºmƒ
\ap°p e`n-°p∂ hn{i-ahpw ]pXp-_-e-hp-am-Wv.
B. ko≥ acp`qan (A. 16)
16:1˛19 sX°p-In-g-°mbn bm{X-sNbvXp B P\w
ko≥ acp-`q-an-bn¬ FØn(16). Ahn-sS-h®v Ah¿ `£-
W-an-√m-ØXn-s\-s®m√n ]ndp-]n-dp-°p-I-bpw, £-W-tØm-
sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ `bm-\-I-amb ASn-aXzw ad-∂-h-sc-
t∏mse an{k-bo-anse `£-W-tam¿Øp ZpxJn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. sshIp-t∂cw [mcmfw ImS-∏-£n-Ifpw {]`m-
X-Øn¬ a∂bpw \evIn-s°m-≠mWv ssZhw Icp-W-
tbmsS Ah-tcmSp {]Xn-I-cn-®-Xv. ImS-∏-£n-Isf c≠p
]pd-∏mSv 15,16
{]mhiyw am{Xta \evIn-bp-≈p. Chn-sSbpw kwJy. 11:31
epam-W-Xv, F∂m¬ a∂ XpS¿am-\-ambn \evIn-s°m-≠n-
cp-∂p. "a∂' F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w "CsX¥v'? F∂mWv.
ssZhw A¤p-X-I-c-amb hn[-Øn¬ \evInb `£-W-am-
bn-cp∂p AXv, {]IrXn ]c-amb ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ AXp
hni-Z-am-°p-hm≥ {ian-®m¬ hnP-bn-°p-I-bn-√. a∂ sNdp-
Xpw, h´-Øn-ep-≈-Xpw, shfp-Ø-\n-d-ap-≈-Xpw, a[p-c-ap-≈-
Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. (hm. 31). AXv ssZh-Øn-¶¬ \n∂p≈
A∏-amb {InkvXp-hns‚ (tbm-l. 6:48˛31) Xmgva-tbbpw,
]q¿Æ-X-tb-bpw, hnip-≤n-tb-bpw, am[p-cy-sØ-bp-amWv
ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. {]`m-X-Ønse a™n-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn-
em-bn-cp∂p AXp h∂n-cp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS Bflm-°ƒ°p-
th≠n {InkvXp-hns‚ ip{iqj sNøp∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-
hn-s\-bmWXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Bsfm-∂n\p CS-ßgn
hoXw s]dp-°p-hm-\m-bn-cp∂p bn{k-tb¬ a°ƒ°v A\p-
hm- Z w. IqSp- X ¬ s]dp- ° ntbm Ipdhp s]dp- ° ntbm
F∂Xp hnj-b-a-√. Afhp t\m°p-tºmƒ Hcp CS-ßgn
am{Xta ImWp-I-bp-≈p. Ah¿°v Bh-iy-Øn-\p-≈Xv
Ft∏m-gp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcn-°epw A[nIw h∂n-√. Xs‚
P\- Ø ns‚ F√m Bh- i y- ß fpw \nd- t h- ‰ p- h m- \ p≈
{InkvXp-hns‚ ]cym-]vX-X-sb-bmWv CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xv,. Bh-iy-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-hsc {InkvXp-hn-ep-≈-h¿
klm-bn-°p-tºmƒ AXns‚ ^ew t\Sn-°-gn™p (2-sIm-
cn. 8:15). a∂ cmhnse Xs∂ s]dp-°n-sb-Sp-°-W-am-bn-
cp-∂p. ImcWw shbn¬ aq°p-tºmƒ AXp Dcp-In-t∏m-
Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]mse Zn\w-tXmdpw Pohn-X-`m-c-ß-
fm¬ \mw sRcp-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p apºp-X-s∂, Hmtcm Znh-
k-Øn-s‚bpw Bcw`-Øn¬ \sΩ {InkvXp-hn-¶¬ `c-
ta-ev]n-°-Ww. a∂ Znh-tk\ tiJ-cn-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p,
AXp-t]mse \mapw Zn\w-tXmdpw {InkvXp-hn-¶¬\n∂p
{]m]n-°-Ww. BgvN-bn¬ BZysØ Bdp Znh-k-ß-
fnepw AXp tiJ-cn-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m-¬ Ggm-
asØ Znhkw H∂pw \evIn-bn-cp-∂n-√.
16:20˛31 Bdm-asØ Znhkw i∫Øp XcWw sNøp-
hm≥ th≠n a‰p Znh-k-ß-fn¬ tiJ-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xns‚
Cc´n tiJ-cn-°p-hm≥ P\-tØmSp Iev]n-®p. at‰-sX-
¶nepw Znh-k-am-bn-cp∂p Ah¿ tijn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬
AXp Iran®p \mdp-am-bn-cp-∂p. a∂ ""sImØm-º-e-cn-t]m-
sebpw, sh≈ \nd-ap-≈-Xpw, tX≥Iq-´nb tZmi-tbm-
sSmØ cpNn-bp-≈Xpw Bbn-cp∂p.'' AXp Npt´m ]mIw-
sNbvtXm Ign-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. i∫-Øp-Zn-hkw AXp
tiJ-cn-°p-hm≥ t]mb-hsc tami imkn-®p.
16:32˛34 ]n¬°meØv \nb-a-s∏-´-I-Øn¬ shbvt°-
≠-Xn-\mbn a∂m-bn¬ Ipd®v Hcp s]m≥]m-{X-Øn-en´v
Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn kq£n-®p (F-{_m. 9:4). krjvSn-tbm-Sp≈
_‘-Øn-¬ Ggmw Znhkw ssZhw hn{i-an-®p (D-ev].
2:2). F∂m¬ B kabw A{]-Imcw sNøp-hm≥ ssZhw
a\p-jy-t\mSp Bh-iy-s∏-´n-√. ]t£ Ct∏mƒ bn{km-
tb¬ a°ƒ°v i∫-Øns‚ \nbaw ssZhw \evIn.
]n∂o-SXv ]Øp-I-ev]-\-I-fn¬ H∂mbn Xo¿∂p (20:9˛11).
ko\mbn ]¿-∆-X-Øn¬h®v bn{km-tb-ep-ambn sNbvX
DS-º-Sn-bpsS AS-bm-f-am-bn-cp∂p AXv (31:13). IqSmsX
 ]pd-∏mSv 16,17,18
an{k-boay ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ Ah-cpsS hnSp-X-
ens‚ BgvN-tXm-dp-ap≈ Hcp Hm¿Ω-bp-am-bn-cp∂p AXv
(B-h. 5:15). PmXn-I-tfmSv Hcn-°epw i∫Øp BN-cn-
°p-hm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´n-´n-√. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ k`tbm-
Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬, [m¿Ωn-I-X-bpsS D]-tZ-i-ß-fmbn
]Øp-I-ev]-\-I-fn¬ H≥]-sX-Æhpw Bh¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v.
i∫-Øm-N-cWw kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-aw-am{Xw
Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-´n-´n-√., F∂n-cp-∂mepw GXp PmXn-bn¬
s]´ a\p- j ysc kw_- ‘ n®pw Ggn¬ Hcp Znhkw
hn{iaw F∂ s]mXp-hmb Hcp XXz-ap≠v. {InkvXym-
Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw I¿Ør-Zn-h-k-amb BgvN-
bnse H∂masØ Znh-k-am-WnXv \nb-am-\p-kr-X-amb
DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øns‚ Znh-k-a√ AXv adn®v, ssZh-Ir-]-
bm-ep≈ hnti-j`m-Ky-Øns‚ Znh-k-am-WXv., atX-X-c-
amb {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬\n∂pw kzX-{¥-cm-°-s∏´v ssZhn-
I-ip-{iq-jbv°pw Bcm-[-\-bv°pw-th≠n \sΩ ]q¿Æ-
ambpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Cu Znhkw \ap°p Ign-
bp-∂p.
\nb-a-s∏-´-IsØ A¿∞-am-°p∂ "km£y-k-∂n-
[n' AXp \ne-hn¬ hcp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºp-Xs∂ ChnsS {]Xn-
]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. apºp kqNn-∏n-°-s∏´ \nbaw
kw_-‘n-®p≈ Hcp hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-Wn-Xv. ]›m-Ø-
esØ B{i-bn®v "km£y-k-∂n[nbv°v' ]Øp-I-ev]-\-
I-fpsS A¿∞-hp-am-Imw.
16:35,36 bn{km-tb¬ P\w acp`q-an-bn¬ Dg-ep∂ ka-
b-sØ-°p-dn®p≈ Hcp {]h-N-\-amWv \mev]Xp kwh-
’cw a∂m `£n-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ ChnsS
{]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿ Kn¬Km-en¬ AXm-
bXv tIhew I\m≥tZ-i-Øns‚ AXn-cn-¶¬ ,F-Øn-b-
t∏mƒ a∂m \n∂p-t]mbn (tbm-ip. 5:12).
C. c^oZow (A. 17)
17:1˛7 c^o-Znan¬ sh≈-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ P\w
tamsi-tbmSp Ie-ln-®p. At∏mƒ tlmtc_v (\n¿÷\
{]tZ-iw) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ s]mXp-ÿ-ew-hsc apt∂m´p
bm{X-sN-bvXp. Xs‚ hSn-sIm≠v ]mdsb ASn-°p-hm≥
btlmh tamsibv°v \n¿t±iw \evIn. Ah≥ A{]-
Imcw sNbvX-t∏mƒ ]md-bn¬\n∂pw sh≈w ]pd-s∏-´p.
{InkvXp Im¬h-dn-bn¬ Zfin-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ ^e-ambn
s]¥-t°m-kvXp-\m-fn¬ \evI-s∏´ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\-
bmWv AXp Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ssZhsØ ]co-£n®
B ÿew a m ({]-tem`\w AYhm ]co-£) Bbn-cp-
∂p. Ah¿ tamsi-tbmSp Ie-ln-®-ÿew saco_ (A-
[n-t£]w AYhm Ie-lw) Bbn-cp-∂p.
17:8˛16 tbmiph (b-tlmh Fs‚ c£) BZy-ambn
cwK-tØ-°p-h-cp-∂Xv Chn-sS-b-Wv. tamsi-bpsS Zmk-
\mb tbmiph c^o-Zn-an¬ h®v Aam-te-Iy-tcmSp bp≤w
sNbvXp. ssZhm-{i-b-Ønepw a≤y-ÿ-X-bnepw tamsi
ssI Db¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ bn{km-tb-en\p Pb-hpw,
tamsi ssI XmgvØn-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Aam-te-Iy¿ {]_-
e-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Gim-hns‚ hwi-
P-cn¬ Aam-te-Iy¿ PU-Øns‚ Hcp {]Xn-cq-]-amWv. a\p-
99
jys‚ ZpjvS-X, Zpcm-Nm-cw, BZm-ay-kz`mhw F∂n-h-bm-
W-Xv. PUhpw Aam-te°pw XΩn-ep≈ km-Zr-iy-߃
t\m°pI (1) am\-km-¥-c-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ]cn-ip-≤m-
flmhv \evI-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-tijw Bflm-hn-t\mSp t]mcm-
Sp-hm≥ CXp kzbw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂p (2) Xe-apd Xe-
ap-dt- bmfw ssZh-Øn\p PU-hp- a
- mbn bp≤-ap-≠m-bn-cn°pw
(3) acWw AYhm k`-bpsS D¬{]m-]-Ww-hsc hnizm-
kn-bn¬ \n∂pw AXv thtcmSv ]ngpXp If-bp-hm≥ km≤y-
a√ (4) PU-Øn-s‚-ta¬ Pbw {]m]n-∏m-\p≈ c≠p \n¿±n-
jvS-am¿§-߃ {]m¿∞-\bpw ssZh-h-N-\hpam-Wv.
]pcm-X\ blqZ Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb tbmko-^-kns‚
A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬, tamsi-bpsS ktlm-Z-cn-bmb ancym-
ans‚ `¿Øm-hm-bn-cp∂p lq¿. ]n∂o-Sv tamsi ko\mbn
]¿∆X-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂t- ∏mƒ P\-Øns‚ ta¬t\m´w hln-
°p-hm-\mbn Al-tcm-t\m-sSm∏w Ab-bv°-s∏-´Xv Cu
lq¿ Bbn-cp∂p (24:14).
btlmh Fs‚ sImSn (b-tlmh \n n) F∂p-≈Xv
btlmhbpsS Hcp kwbp-‡-\m-a-am-Wv.
D. tamsibpw bnt{Xmbpw (A. 18)
18:1˛12 18-˛-mw A≤ymbw ]pd-∏mSp ]pkvX-I-Øns‚
kv]jvS-amb Hcp hn`P\w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p,. {InkvXp-
hns‚ Ah-X-c-Ww, ac-Ww, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ \evI¬
F∂n-hsb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ a∂, ASn°-s∏-´-]m-d,
\ocp-dh F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®m-bn-cp∂p \mw CXp-h-scbpw
a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ {InkvXp-hn¬
hcp-hm-\n-cn-°p∂ al-Xz-Øns‚ ap≥ kv^pcWw \mw
A\p`-hn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWs∏-Sp-∂p. `qa-fi-e-Øn-t∑¬
`cWw \S- Ø p∂ {Inkv X p- h n\p \ng- e mWv tamsi.
IqSmsX Xs‚ ]p{X-∑m-cm¬ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂
blq- Z - ∑ m¿, bnt{Xm- h n- \ m¬ Nn{Xo- I - c n- ° - s ∏- S p∂
PmXnIƒ, tamsi-bpsS PmXob h[p-hmb knt∏md \ng-
em-bn-cn-°p∂ k` F∂n-h-tcbpw \mw ImWp-∂p. Ch-
sc√mw kl-{km_vZ hmgvN-bnse A\p-{K-l-߃ A\p-
`-hn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. blq-Z-∑mcpw PmXnIfpw AXnse {]P-
I-fmbpw k` {InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqsS `cWw \S-Øp-∂-
h-cmbpw Ccn-°pw.
Ime-K-W-\-{I-a-{]-Im-c-a√ ChnsS kw`-h-߃ hnh-
cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-Xv. ko\mbn ]¿∆-X-Øn¬h®v tamsi-bpsS
ASpØv bnt{Xm hcp-∂-Xmbn 5˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ {]Xn-
]m-Zn-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ 19:2 ¬hsc bn{km-tb¬a-
°ƒ ko\mbn ]¿∆-X-Øn-¶¬ FØn-bn-cp-∂n-√. btlm
h-bp-am-bp≈ A`n-ap-Jw, \nbaw \evI¬ F∂n-h-tbm-
Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ `wK-an-√mØ Hcp CS-]m-Sn-\p-th≠n
]mX sXfn-bn-°p-hm-\mWv Cu k÷o-I-c-IWw F∂p
Hcp hymJym-Xmhv A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. tamsi an{k-bo-
an-te°p aS-ßn-t∏m-b-t∏mƒ Hcp-]s£ Xs‚ `mcy-
sbbpw ]p{X-∑msc c≠p-t]-scbpw anZym-\n¬ Xs∂
hnt´®p t]mbn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. Ct∏mƒ bnt{Xm, knt∏m-d-
tbbw sK¿timw, Feym-km¿ (ssZhw Fs‚ klm-
bw) F∂n-h-scbpw kt¥m-j-I-c-amb Hcp ]p\x-k-am-K-
a-\-Øn-\p-th≠n sIm≠p-h-cn-I-bmWv GI-k-Xy-ssZ-h-
100
Øn-¶-te°v a\w Xncn™ Hcp-h-\m-bn-´mWv ChnsS
bnt{Xm ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Ah≥ t\c-sØ-
Xs∂ btlm-hsb Bcm-[n-°p-∂-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v
Nne ]fin-X-∑m¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
18:13-˛27 P\-ßsf \ymb-]m-e\w sNøp∂Xnt\m-Sp≈
_‘- Ø n¬, tami- b v ° v \nc- h [n I¿Ø- h y- ß ƒ
Ds≠∂p I≠ bnt{Xm, Xs‚ klm-b-Øn-\mbn ssZh-
`‡-∑mcpw, kXy-hm-∑m-cpw, Zpcm-Zmbw shdp-°p-∂-h-cp-
amb {]m]vXn-bp≈ ]pcp-j-∑msc Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-hm≥
Xs‚ acp-a-Is\ D]-tZ-in-®p. bnt{XmbpsS A`n-{]m-b-
Øn¬ Bbncw t]¿°p A[n-]-Xn-bmbh\pw, \qdp-
t]¿°p A[n-]-Xn-b-b-h-\pw, Aº-Xp-t]¿°p A[n-]-Xn-
bm-b-h-\pw, ]Øp-t]¿°p A[n-]-Xn-bm-b-h\pw Dƒs∏-
´n-cp-∂p. CXv tami-bpsS taep≈ `mcw Ipd-bv°p-Ibpw
X∑qew Imcy-߃ Ffp-∏-Øn¬ ssIIm-cyw sNøp-hm≥
km[n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. bnt{Xm-bpsS D]-tZiw ssZho-
I-ambn \evI-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv Nne¿ Nn¥n-°p-
∂-Xv, AXv a‰p-≈-h-cp-sS-ta¬ A[n-Im-c-ap≈ ka¿∞-
cmb {]Xn-\n[n kwLsØ D’m-ln-∏n-®p. Fß-s\-bm-
bn-cp-∂mepw I¿Ø-hy-߃ \n¿∆-ln-°p-hm-\p≈ Ir]
sImSp-°m-sX ssZhw Hcp-hs\ AtX-ev]n-°b - n-s√-∂mWv
a‰p-≈-h¿ \sΩ Hm¿Ωn∏n-°p-∂-Xv., Cu kabwhsc
ssZhw Hcp CS-\n-e-°m-cs\ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-sX-bmWv Hcp-
h≥ Xs‚ kplr-Øn-t\mSp kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse
tamsi-tbmSp kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v
ssZhw a‰p {Iao-I-c-W-߃ Hcp-°p-∂-Xp-hsc tamsi
Xs∂ AXp XpS-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.
IX. \nbaw sImSp-°¬ (A. 19-˛24)
A. shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-en-\m-bp≈ Hcp°w (A. 19)
19:1˛9 bn{km-tb¬a-°ƒ Ct∏mƒ ko\m-bn-]¿∆-X-
Øn¬ FØn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]pd-∏mSv ]pkvX-I-Øns‚
_m°n-`m-K-hpw, tehy ]pkvXIw apgp-h-\pw, kwJym-]p-
kvX-I-Ønse BZysØ H≥]Xv A≤ym-b-ß-fnepw
ChnsS h®p \S∂ kw`h-ß-fmWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv.
BZmw apX¬ Cu ka-bw-hsc ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂p
t\cn´p \nb-a-߃ e`n-®n-cp-∂n-√. Xs‚ P\tØmSp≈
ssZh-Øns‚ CS-]mSv apJy-ambpw Ir]-bm-em-bn-cp-∂p.
F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ \n_-‘-\-I-tfmSp IqSnb DS-º-Sn-bpsS
Hcp \nbaw Xm≥ Ah¿°p hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. BI-
bm¬ \n߃ Fs‚ hm°p tI´-\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw Fs‚
\nbaw {]am-Wn-°bpw sNbvXm¬ \n߃ F\n°p
kIe PmXn-I-fn-epw-h®v {]tXyI kº-Øm-bn-cn-°pw.....-
\n-߃ F\n°p ]ptcm-lnX cmP-Xzhpw hnip-≤-P-\hpw
BIpw. Ah¿ A\p-k-cn-°p-sa-¶n¬ Ah≥ A\p-{K-ln-
°pw. Xß-fpsS ]m]m-h-ÿbpw \n -lm-bm-h-ÿbpw
a\- n-em-°msX P\w DS-\Sn kΩ-Xn-®p. Un.-F¬.-aq-Un-
bpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬.
btlmh Iev]n-®-sXm-s°bpw R߃ sNøpw
\n¿`- b - Ø n- s ‚bpw Bfl- h n- i zm- k - Ø n- s ‚bpw `mj.
]pd-∏mSv 18,19
s]m∂p-sIm-≠p≈ Imf-°p-´n, s]m´nb Iev]e - I
- ƒ, Ah-
K-Wn-°-s∏´ \nb-a-im-k-\w, Is√-dn-b-s∏´ ZqXp-hm-l-
I¿, \ntj[n-°-s∏´v {Iqin-°-s∏´ {InkvXp F∂nh a\p-
jys‚ A\m-Z-cn-°-s∏´ {]Xn-⁄-I-fpsS apJy-sX-fn-hp-
I-fmWv (17).
bpK-߃
a\p-jy-h¿§-hp-am-bp≈, {]tXy-Im¬ Xs‚ Xnc-s™-
Sp-°s∏´ PmXn-bmb bn{km-tb-ep-am-bp≈ ssZhnI CS-
]m-Sp-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-Øn\v ChnsS hfsc {][m-\-s∏´
Hcp CS-thf D≠v. Chn-sS-bpw as‰-hn-sS-bm-bmepw am\p-
joI CS-]m-Sp-Isf ssZhnI \nb-{¥-W-Øn¬ sIm≠p-
h-cp-∂Xp kw_-‘n-®p≈ am‰w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv bpK-
ß-fn-ep≈ AYhm `c-W-Øn-ep≈ Hcp hyXn-bm-\-am-Wv.
bpK-ß-sfbpw thZ-hm-Iy-ß-sfbpw XΩn¬ tbmPn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xns\ th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bpI F∂v AK-Ãn≥ Hcn-
°¬ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. ssZhw a\p-jy-N-cn-{XsØ bpK-ß-
fm-bn Xncn-®p. bpK-߃ krjvSn-°-s∏-´-h-\m¬Xs∂(F-
{_m. 1:2, dnsshkvUv ]cn-`m-j-bpsS am¿Pn-\n¬ sImSp-
Øn- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v ) . Cu bpK- ß ƒ heptXm sNdptXm
BImw. Ahsb th¿Xn- c n- ° p- ∂ - s Xt¥m AX√
AXns‚ Ime-]-cn-[n, adn®v Ah-bn¬ ssZhw a\p-jy-
h¿§-tØmSv CS-s]-Sp∂ coXn-bm-Wv.
ssZhw X∂n¬Xs∂ Hcn- ° epw am‰ap- ≈ - h - \ - √ ,
]t£ Ahs‚ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v am‰-ap-≠v. hyXy-kvX-Im-
e-ß-fn¬ Ah≥ a\p-jy-cp-am-bp≈ Xs‚ CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ
\n¿∆-ln-°p∂ coXn-sb-bmWv \mw bpK-߃ F∂p hnfn-
°p-∂-Xv. kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn Hcp \S-Øn-∏n\v Hcp bpKw
F∂ A¿∞-an-√, t\sc-a-dn®v AsXmcp `c-Ww, ta¬t\m-
´w, Hcp B⁄, As√-¶n¬ Hcp Bbhyb-`cWw BWv.
(B-b-hy-b-`cWw F∂ \ΩpsS Cu hm°v \S-Øn∏v
AYhm `cWw F∂-Xn\p≈ ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-{Ko°p ]Z-
amb Hbvs°m-\n-am-bn¬ (oikonomia) \n∂p-amWv hcp-
∂-Xv). F∂m¬ Ime-sØ-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°m-sX bpK-
ß-sf-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°phm≥ {]bm-k-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-
am-bn-, Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw `c-W-ß-
fmbn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-s\-°p-dn®p
\mw sI∂UnbpsS As√-¶n¬ _pjns‚ Ime-L´w
F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. B {]kn-U‚p-am¿ A[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cp-
∂-t∏mƒ `c-W-k-{º-Zmbw \nb-{¥n-°-s∏´ coXn-bmWv
Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿ ]n≥Xp-S¿∂
X{¥-ß-fmWv {][m-\-s∏´ hnj-bw. F∂m¬ \mw B
`cW X{¥- ß sf A\n- h m- c y- s a∂ \ne- b n¬ Hcp
{]tXyI Ime-b-f-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p-∂p.
Ncn- { X- Ø nse GsX- ¶ nepw Hcp Ime- L - ´ - Ø n¬,
ssZhw P\ßfp-ambn CS-s]´ coXn-bmbn \mw bpK-ßsf
Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv Aß-s\-bm-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ bpK-]c - a
- mb
CS-]m-Sp-Isf Hcp `h\w \S-Øp∂ coXn-bp-ambn Xmc-
Xayw sNøp-hm≥ Ign-t™-°mw. `h-\-Øn¬ `mcym
`¿Øm-°-∑m¿ am{Xta Ds≈-¶n¬ GXm\pw Nne Imcy-
]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒam{Xw Ahn-sS \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m¬
AhnsS {]mbw-Ip-d™ Ip´n-Iƒ Ds≠-¶n¬ samØ-
 ]pd-∏mSv 19
Øn¬ ]pXnb Nne ]≤-Xn-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂p. Ip´n-
Iƒ°v {]mb-am-Ip-∂tXmsS ho´p-Im-cy-߃ ]ns∂bpw
hyXy-kvX-amb \ne-bn¬ ssIImcyw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. a\p-
jy-h¿§-tØm-Sp≈ ssZhnI CS-]m-Sp-I-fnepw CtX amXr-
I-X-s∂-bmWv \ap°p ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂Xv (K-
em. 4:1˛5).
DZm-l-c-W-ambn Ibo≥ Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c-\mb lmt_-
ens\ sIm∂-t∏mƒ, Ahs\ ImWp-∂hcmcpw Ahs\
sIm√m-Xn-cn-t°-≠-Xn\v ssZhw Ah-s‚-ta¬ Hcp AS-
bmfw h®p (D-ev]. 4:15). F¶nepw Pe-{]-f-b-Øn-\p-tijw
Bsc-¶nepw a\p-jys‚ c‡w sNmcn-bn-®m¬ Ahs‚
c‡w a\p-jy≥ sNmcn-bn°pw F∂p Iev]n-®p-sIm≠v
ssZhw h[-in£ ÿm]n-®p. bpK-ß-fn-ep≈ am‰-a-\p-
k-cn-®mWv hyXym-kw.
k¶o. 137:8,9 hmIy- ß - f mWv as‰m- c p- Z m- l - c - W w.
AhnsS Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ _m_n-tem-Wn-t∑¬ hcp∂
cq£-amb \ymb-hn-[n-sb-°p-dn®v Blzm\w sNøp∂p:
\miw ASp- Ø n- c n- ° p∂ _mt_¬ ]p{Xn- t b, \o
RßtfmSp sNbvX-Xp-t]mse \nt∂mSp sNøp-∂-h≥
`mKy-hm≥, \ns‚ Ip™p-ßsf ]nSn®p ]md-ta¬ ASn-
®p-I-f-bp-∂-h≥ `mKy-hm≥ .
hf-sc-°m-e-߃°p-ti-jw I¿Ømhv Xs‚ P\sØ
]Tn-∏n-®Xv \nß-fpsS i{Xp-°sf kvt\ln-∏n≥, \nßsf
D]-{Z-hn-°p-∂-h¿°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-∏n≥(a-Øm. 5:44).
\ymb-{]-am-W-Øn-\-[o-[-ambn Pohn-°p∂ k¶o¿Ø-
\-°m-c-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ A\p-tbm-Py-amb `mj,
Ir]-bv°-[o-\-cmbn Pohn-°p∂ {InkvXym-\nsb kw_-
‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Hcn-°epw A\p-tbm-Py-a√ F∂p≈
Imcyw ChnsS kv]jvS-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.
tehy.11-˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ Nne `£-W-km-[-\-߃
Aip-≤-ambn \ma-\n¿t±iw sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬
a¿s°m. 7:19b bn¬ kIe t`mPy-ßfpw ip≤n-bp-≈-Xm-
bn-´mWv tbip {]Jym-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
A\y-Pm-Xn-°m-cmb `mcy-am-scbpw a°-sfbpw Dt]-
£n-°p-hm≥ F{_m. 10:3 ¬ blq-Z-∑m-tcmSp ]d-™-
t∏mƒ ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Ahsc Dt]-
£n-°-cp-sX∂v \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p∂p (sIm-cn. 7:12˛16).
\ymb-{]-am-W-{]-Imcw alm-]p-tcm-ln-X\p am{Xta
ssZh- k - ∂ n- [ n- b n¬ {]th- i n- ° p- h m≥ Ign- b p- a m- b n- c p-
∂p≈p (F-{_m. 9:7) F∂m¬ Ir]-bv°-[o-\-cm-bn-cn-
°p∂ hnizm- k n- I sf kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S - t Ømfw F√m-
h¿°pw AXn-]c - n-ip-≤ÿ
- e
- Øp {]th-i\ - a
- p≠v (F-{_m.
10:19˛22).
Cu am‰-߃ hy‡-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv bpK-
߃°v am‰-ap-≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂mWv.
F√m {Inkv X ym- \ n- I fpw bpK- ß - f psS FÆw,
Ahbv°p \evI-s∏-Sp∂ t]cp-Iƒ F∂nh AwKo-I-cn-
°p-∂n-√.
101
F∂m¬ Xmsg-]-d-bpw-{]Imcw bpK-ß-fpsS
AkvXnXzw \ap°p sXfn-bn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw. H∂m-a-
Xmbn c≠p bpK-ß-sf-¶nepw Ipd-™-]£w D≠v. \ymb-
{]-am-Whpw Ir]bpw \ymb-{]-amWw tamsi apJm-¥cw
e`n-®p. Ir]bpw kXyhpw tbip-{InkvXp apJm-¥cw
h∂p (tbm-l. 1:17). \ΩpsS thZ-]p-kvXIw ]g-b-\n-baw,
]pXn- b - \ n- b aw F∂n- ß s\ hn`Pn- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p∂
bmYm¿∞yw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, bpK-ß-fn¬ kw`-hn-®n-
cn-°p∂ Hcp am‰-sØ-bm-Wv. Cu Ime-L-´-Øn-ep≈
hnizm-kn-Iƒ arK-ßsf bmKw Ign-t°≠ Bh-iy-an√
F∂p≈ hkvXp-X-bm¬ IqSp-X¬ sXfnhv \evIs∏-´n-
cn-°p-∂p. ssZhw ]pXn-sbmcp N´w Bhn-jv°-cn-®n-cn-
°p∂p F∂mWv CXpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]g-b-]p-Xnb
\nb-a-߃ XΩn-ep≈ Cu {][m\ ]nf¿∏v ImWp-hm≥
GsX- ¶ nepw {Inkv X ym- \ n- I ƒ ]cm- P - b - s ∏- S p- s a∂p
tXm∂p-∂n-√.
F∂m¬ c≠p bpK-߃ Ds≠∂p \mw kΩ-Xn-°p-
I-bm-sW-¶n¬, aqs∂-Æ-ap-s≠∂p hniz-kn-°p-hm≥ \mw
\n¿_-‘n-X-cmbn Xocp-∂p, ImcWw \ymb-{]-am-Whpw
]pd. 19˛h-sc AXm-bXv krjvSn°pw \qdp IW-°n\p
h¿j-߃°p-ti-jhpw \S-∏n-em-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. AXp-
sIm≠v \ymb-{]-am-W-Øn-\p-apºv Ipd-™-]£w Hcp
bpK-sa-¶nepw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww (tdm-a. 5:14ImWp-
I). Aßs\ aq∂p bpK-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂p.
Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ \mem-a-sXmcp bpK-sØ-bpw
AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ \ap°p Ign-tb-Ww, ImcWw hcp-
hm-\p≈ temIsØ°pdn-®p-th-Z-hm-Iy-߃ kqNn-∏n-
°p∂p (F-{_m. 6:5). I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{InkvXp `qan-
bn¬ `cWw \S-Øp-hm≥ aS-ßn-h-cp∂ ka-b-am-Wn-Xv.
kl-{km-_vZ-hm-gvN-sb∂pw CX-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
Ct∏m- g p≈ temI- s Øbpw hcp- h m- \ p≈ temI-
sØbpw XΩn¬ ]utemkpw th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂p. k`,
kphn-ti-j-kXyw F∂n-h-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ X∂n¬
`c-ta-ev]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ Hcp \S-Øn-∏n-s\-°p-dn-®mWv
Xm≥ BZyw kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv (1-sIm-cn. 9:17; Fs^. 3:2;
sImsem. 1:25). AXmWv Ct∏m-gp≈ temIw. F∂m¬
AXn-\p-tijw Ime-k-ºq¿Æ-X-bnse hyh-ÿ-bv°m-bn-
sIm-≠p-Xs∂ F∂p {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS hcp-hm-
\p≈ Hcp temI-sØ-°p-dn®pw Xm≥ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (F-
s^. 1:10). AXn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Xs‚ h¿Æ-\-bn¬\n∂pw
AXp CXp-hscbpw h∂n-´n√ F∂pw hy‡-am-Wv.
AXp-sIm≠v temI-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ Ah-km\ bpK-
Øn-e√ \mw Pohn-°p-∂Xv F∂v \ap-°-dn-bmw.
tUm. kn.-sF. kvtIm^o¬Uv Ggp bpK-ß-fpsS
]´nI \evIp-∂p. AXp Xmsg-∏-d-bpw-{]-Im-c-am-Wv.
1. \njv]m]bpKw (D-ev]. 1:28) BZm-ans‚
krjvSn apX¬ Ahs‚ hogvN-hsc
2. a\- m-£n-bpKw AYhm [m¿Ωn-I-D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-
bpKw (D- e v ] ., 3:7) hogv N - a p- X ¬ Pe- { ]- f bw
102
Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xp-hsc
3. am\p-jn-I -`-c-W-bpKw (D-ev]. 8:15) Pe-{]-fbw
Ah-km-\n-®Xp-ap-X¬ A{_-lm-ans‚ hnfn hsc
4. hmKvZ-Ø-bpKw (D-ev]. 12:1) -A{_-lmans‚ hnfn
apX¬ \ymb-{]-amWw \evIp-∂-Xp-hsc
5. \ymb-{]-am-W-bpKw (]p-d. 19:1) Iev]-\-Iƒ \evI-
s∏-´-Xp-ap-X¬ s]-s¥-t°m-kvXp-\mƒhsc
6. k`mbpKw ({]-hr. 2:!) s]¥-t°m-kvXp-\mƒ
apX¬ D¬{]m-]Wwhsc
7. cmP-Xz-bpKw (sh-fn. 20:4) Bbncw kwh-’-c-Im-
esØ {InkvXp-hns‚ `cWw (18).
Cu IyXy-amb hnh-c-߃ AtX-]Sn AwKo-I-cn-°p-
∂Xn¬ {]m[m-\y-an-√, F¶nepw hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb bpK-
߃ Ds≠∂p Adn-™n-cn-°p-∂Xp hfsc klm-b-I-
am-Wv. {]tXy-In®v \ymb-{]-am-Whpw Ir]bpw XΩn-ep≈
hyXym-kw-h-fsc {][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. A√m-Ø-]£w a‰p
bpK-ß-tfm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ _m[-I-am-bn-cn-°p∂ thZ-
`m-K-߃ \mw FSpØv \tΩm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ {]am-
Wo-I-cn-°pw. \ap°p-th≠n t\cn´p Fgp-X-s∏-´n-´p-≈h
am{X-a-√, F√m Xncp-sh-gpØpw {]tbm-P-\-ap-≈-Xm-Ip∂p
(2-Xn-sam. 3:16). a‰p-bp-K-ßsf kw_-‘n-®p≈ thZ-`m-K-
ß-fn¬ \ap-°p≈ {]tbm-K-ß-fp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-bpsS
{]mY-anI hymJym-\w, AXp GXp bpK-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-
Øn¬ Fgp- X s∏´pthm AXn- \ p- t h- ≠ n- b p- ≈ - X m- W v .
tehy. 11-˛mw A≤ym-b-Ønse t`mPy-ßsf kw_-‘n-
®p≈ \nb-{¥-W-߃ \mw CXn-t\m-SIw {i≤n-®p-h-t√m.
C∂p≈ {InkvXym-\n-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Cu
hne-°p-Iƒ _m[-I-a√ (a¿s°m. 7:18,19). F¶nepw
AXn¬ A¥¿eo-\-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Bflo-Ihpw [m¿Ωo-
I-hp-amb Aip≤n \mw Hgn-hm-°-W-sa-∂p≈ XXzw
C∂pw \ne-\n-ev°p-∂p.
bn{k-tb¬ a°ƒ Xs∂ A\p-k-cn-®m¬ Ah¿°v
`uXnI A`n- h r≤n \ev I p- s a∂v ssZhw Ah- t cmSp
hmKvZØw sNbvXp (B-h. 28:1˛6). Cu temI-Ønse
`uXnI A\p-{K-l-߃°-bn-cp∂p A∂v {]m[m\yw
\evIn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ C∂v AXv icn-b-√. \ΩpsS
A\p-k-c-W-Øn\p {]Xn-^-e-ambn kmº-Øo-Im-`n-hr≤n
\evIm-sa∂v ssZhw Hcn-°epw hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂n-√.
]Icw kz¿§-ÿ-e-ß-fn-ep≈ Bflo-bm-\p-{K-l-ß-fmWv
Cu bpK-Ønse A\p-{K-l-߃ (F-s^.1:3).
Cu bpK-߃ XΩn¬ ]e-hn-[-ß-fmb hyXym-k-߃
Ds≠¶nepw Ch-bn-se√mw Hcn-°epw am‰-an-√mØ Hcp
hkvXp-X-bp≠v, AXv ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm-emWv
F√m-bvt∏mgpw km≤y-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. F√m bpK-
ßsf kw_-‘n®pw Im¬h-dn-bn¬ {InkvXp ]q¿Øo-I-
cn® {]hr-ØnbmWv c£-bpsS ASn-ÿm\w (19). ssZhw
\evInb GXp shfn-∏m-Sm-bn-cp-∂mepw AXp hniz-kn-
°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ P\-߃ c£n-
°- s ∏- ´ n- c p- ∂ - X v . DZm- l - c - W - a mbn tKm{X- ] n- X m- h ns‚
]pd-∏mSv 19
k¥Xn \£-{X-߃t]m-se-bmIpw F∂p ssZhw ]d-
™-t∏mƒ AXp hniz-kn-®-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv A{_lmw
c£n-°-s∏-´Xv (D-ev]. 15:5,6). \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p-tijw
Im¬h-dn-bn¬ kw`-hn-°p-hm≥ t]mIp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®p
A[n-I-sam∂pw AYhm H∂pw-Xs∂ A{_-lm-an\p Adn-
bm-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√. F∂m¬ ssZh-Øn\v
Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. A{_-lmw ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®-
t∏mƒ {InkvXp-hns‚ Im¬h-dn-bnse `mhn-Ime {]hr-
Øn-bpsS F√m {]tbm-P-\hpw A{_-lm-ans‚ t]cn¬
IW-°n-´p.
Btcm ]d-™n-´p-≈-Xp-t]m-se, ]g-b-\n-ba hnip-≤-
∑m¿ c£n- ° - s ∏- ´ Xv IW- ° n¬ hc- h p- h - b v ° - s ∏´-
Xp sIm≠Wv. AXm-bXv At\-I-h¿j-߃°p-tijw
{InkvXp Im¬h-dn-bn¬ \evIp-hm-\n-cn-°p∂ hne-bpsS
ASn- ÿ m- \ - Ø n- e mWv Ah¿ c£n- ° - s ∏- ´ Xv (tdm- a .
3:25A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv AXm-Wv). 1900 ¬]cw h¿j-
߃°p-apºv {InkvXp Im¬h-dn-bn¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn®
{]hr-Øn-bpsS ^e-am-bn-´mWv \mw c£n-°-s∏-´-Xv.
F∂m¬ Cu c≠p hnj-b-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn-epw,
I¿Øm-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ am{X-amWv c£ km[y-
am-Ip-∂-Xv.
\ymb-{]-am-W-bp-K-Øn-em-bn-cp∂ P\-߃ c£n-°-
s∏-´-Xv, tIhew arK-ßsf bmKw Ign-®-Xp-sImt≠m
\ymb-{]-amWw A\p-k-cn-®-Xp-sImt≠m BsW-∂p≈
GsXmcp Bi-b-sØbpw \mw kq£n-°-Ww. \ymb-{]-
am-W-Øn\p Ip‰w hn[n-°p-hm≥ am{Xta Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p,
AXn\p c£n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√ (tdm-a. 3:20). AXp-
t]mse Imf-I-fp-sSbpw B´p-sIm-‰-∑m-cp-sSbpw c‡-
Øn\p Hscm‰ ]m]-sØ-t]mepw \o°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-
bn-√(-F-{_m. 10:4). c£-bv°p≈ ssZhnI ]≤Xn hnizm-
k-am-Wv, hnizmkw am{Xw (tdm-a. 5:1 ImWp-I).
Ct∏m-gp≈ k`m-bp-K-sØ°p-dn®p CXv Ir]m-b-Kp-
am-sW∂ \ne-bn¬ \mw kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ign™
bpK-ß-fn¬ ssZhw Ir]m-ep-h-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p kqNn-
∏n-°-cp-Xv. F∂Xv Hm¿Øn-cn-t°≠ as‰mcp {][m\ hnj-
b-am-Wv. \nb-am-[n-jvTn-X-ambn P\-ßsf ]cn-tim-[n-°p-
∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw Ct∏mƒ Ir]m-[n-jvTn-X-am-bmWv \n¿Æ-
bn-°p-∂-sX∂v \mw tIhew A¿∞-am-°n-bm¬ aXn.
`n∂-X-sIm≠√ Hmtcm bpK-ßfpw Ah-km-\n-∏n®v
c≠m-a-sXm∂v IrXy-ambn Bhn-jv°-cn-®-sX∂ Imcyhpw
{]tXyIw a\- n-em-t°≠ hkvXp-X-bmWv ]e-t∏mgpw
Ahn-sS-sbmcp AXn-{Iaw Asæn kw{IaW Ime-
L´w D≠v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn {]hrØnbpsS ]pkvX-I-
Øn¬ \ap-°Xv ImWmw. ]pXnb k`sb kw_-‘n-®n-S-
tØmfw apºsØ bpK-Øns‚ thj`q-j-I-fn¬ NneXv
Dt]-£n-°p-hm≥ ka-b-sa-Sp-Øp. D¬{]m-]-W-Øn\pw
atlm-]-{Z-h-Im-e-L-´-Øn-\panS-bn¬ A[¿Ω-aq¿Øn
shfn-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sbcp-i-te-an¬ Bebw ]Wn-b-s∏-Sp-
Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp Ime- L ´w D≠m- b n- c n- ° p- h m≥
km[yXbp-≠v.
Ah-km-\-amsbmcp hm°v. F√m \√ Imcy-ß-sfbpw
 ]pd-∏mSv 19,20 103

ko\mbv ]¿∆-Xw. AXns‚ tb_¬ a  F∂ sImSp-apSnbte°p \bn-

°p∂ Hcp \S-∏m-X-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Zriyw. Cu tb_¬ a  (h-e-Øv) ]mc-º-
cy-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXv A°m_v Dƒ°-S-en\pw sN¶-S-en\pw a≤y-
Øn-embn ko\mbv D]-Zzo-]ns‚ sX°≥`m-KØv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p.

t]mse-Xs∂ bpK-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T\hpw Zp¿hn-\n-
tbmKw sNø-s∏-Smw. C∂sØ k`-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-
Øn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°n-bn-´p-≈Xv ]usem-kns‚ XS-
hp-te-J-\-߃ am{X-am-sW∂v ]d-bp∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]c-
a- I m- j v T - b n- t e°v bpK- X zsØ B\- b n- ° p∂ Nne
{InkvXym-\n-I-fp-≠v. XXv^-embn kv\m\tam I¿Ør-ta-
itbm Ah¿ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n√ (20). ImcWw Ch
c≠pw XShp teJ-\-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. ]s{Xm-
kns‚ kphn-tij ktµiw ]usemkn-t‚-Xp-t]m-se-
b√ F∂pw Ah¿ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p (C-Xns‚ {]Xn-hm-Z-sa-
t∂mWw Kem. 1:8,9 hmbn-°p-I). Chsc Nne-t∏mƒ
Aƒ{Sm Unkvs]≥tk-j-W-enÃvk (bp-K-ß-fnse
ssZh-{]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬ AXn-cp-I-S∂ hnizm-k-ap-≈-h¿)
Ft∂m _p≈n-ß-ssd‰vkv (E.W. _p≈n-ß¿ F∂v Hcp
D]-tZ-jvSm-hn\pw t]cp e`n-®-tijw At±-l-Øns‚
A\p-bm-bn-Isf hnfn-®-t]-cv) Ft∂m hnfn-®n-cp-∂p. bpK-
kw-_-‘-am-bp≈ Ah-cpsS AXn-cp-I-S∂ ImgvN-∏mSv
{]Xn-tj-[m-fl-I-am-Wv.
19:10˛20 P\-߃ hkv{Xw Ae-°n, ssewKnI _‘-
ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-hp-≈-h-cm-bn-cp∂v Xß-sf-Øs∂
ip≤o-I-cn®v ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n-∂p≈ shfn-∏m-Sn-\m-bn
Xøm-dm-Ip-hm≥ Iev]n-°-s∏-´p. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bnse
hnip-≤n-bpsS Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-t°-
≠-Xn-\p-th≠n Hcp-°-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp∂p CXv. ko\mbv
]¿∆Xw Hcp \ntcm-[nX taJ-e-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-jytcm
arKtam AXn¬ sXm´m¬ ac-W-in£ A\p-`hn-°-W-
am-bn-cp-∂p. ewL-Is\ ]¿∆-X-Øn-te°v B\-bn-°m-sX,
Zqc-Øp-\n∂v Is√-dnt™m FbvtXm, sIm∂p-I-f-tb-Ww.
Iml- f - i _v Z w tIƒ°p- t ºmƒ am{Xw Al- t cm\pw
tamsibpw ]¿∆-X-Øn¬ Ib-dn-s®√mw (hm. 24). ]¿∆Xw
apgp-h\pw ]pI-sIm-≠p-aq-Sn, CSn-ap-g°pw an∂epw D≠m-
bn, AXns‚ ]pI Xo®q-f-bnse ]pI-t]mse s]mßn,
]¿∆Xw Hs°bpw G‰hpw Ipep-ßn. ssZh-sØ A`n-
ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ alm`-b-sØ-bmWv CsX√mw
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, {]tXy-In®v \ymb-{]-amWw A\p-im-
kn-°p-∂-Xns‚ ASnÿm\-Øn¬.
19:21˛25 P\w ]¿∆sØ sXmS-cp-sX∂ tami-tbm-Sp≈
ap∂-dn-bn∏v ssZhw ]ns∂bpw Bh¿Øn-®p. P\sØ
AXv ho≠pw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-bn-
s√∂v tamsi BZyw Nn¥n-s®-¶nepw ]n∂oSp A\p-k-
cn-®p. 22,24 hmIy-ßfn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿
Hcp-]t£ BZy-Pm-X-∑m-cm-Imw.
B. ]Øp-I-ev]-\-Iƒ (A. 20).
]Øp I-ev]-\-Isf I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{InkvXp
c≠p `mK-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. H∂n¬ ssZh-tØm-
Sp≈ kv t \lhpw at‰- X n¬ Ab¬°m- c - t \m- S p≈
kvt\lhpw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øn-cn°p∂p (a-Øm. 22:37˛40).
BZysØ \mep Iev]-\-Iƒ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\l
sØ D]-tZ-in-°p-tºmƒ _m°n-sb√mw IqSn A©m-
asØ Hcp Iev]-\-bm-sW∂v Nne¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-
≠v. \ns‚ ssZh-amb btlmh F∂p≈ {]kvXm-h\
BZysØ A©p Iev]-\-I-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp∂p (Cw-
•ojv ss__n-fn¬)
I.
20:1˛3 A\y-ssZ-h-߃ D≠m-I-cp-Xv. _lp-ssZ-h-
ßsf Bcm- [ n- ° p- ∂ - X n\pw btlm- h - b - √ msX a‰p
104
GsXmcp ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw FXn-cm-bp≈
Hcp hne-°m-Wn-Xv.
II.
20:4-˛6 hn{K-lsØ D≠m-°-cp-Xv. hn{K-l-ßsf Bcm-
[n-°p-∂Xp am{X-a-√, Ah-bpsS \n¿Ωm-Whpw hne-°-
s∏-´-Xm-Wv. Ah-bn¬ Bcm-[-\-bv°m-bp-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂
Nn{X-߃, cq]-߃, _nw-_-߃ F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.
F∂m¬ kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Øn¬ sImØp-]Wn sNbvX
sIcq- _ p- I ƒ D≈- X p- s Im≠v F√m- h n[ Nn{X- ß fpw
_nw_-ßfpw Ah-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂n-√ F∂p a\- n-em-
°mw. Xs∂-bp-a-√, Hcp ]n®f k¿∏sØ D≠m-°p-hm≥
btlmh tamsi-tbmSp ]n∂oSp Iev]n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn
(kw-Jy. 21:8). tZho-tZ-h-∑m-cpsS cq]-߃ AYhm Nn{X-
ß-sf-°p-dn-®mWv Cu Iev]\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-∂-Xn¬
kwi-b-an-√.
ssZhw Xo£vW-X-bp≈ Hcp ssZh-am-Wv. AXm-bXv
Bcm-[-\bpw Xs‚ P\-Øns‚ kvt\lhpw kw_-‘n-
®p≈ XojvW-X. Xs∂ ]sI-°p-∂-h-cn¬ ]nXm-°-∑m-
cpsS AIr-Xyw, ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb _e-lo-\-X, Zmcn-{Zyw,
tcmKw, Npcp-ßnb Bbp v F∂n-h-bneqsS aq∂m-a-
sØbpw \mem-a-sØbpw Xe-ap-d-hsc a°-fp-sS-ta¬
kµ¿in-°p∂ ssZh-amWv Xm≥. F∂m¬ Xs∂ kvt\
ln®p Xs‚ Iev]-\-Isf {]am-Wn-°p-∂-h¿°p Bbncw
Xe-ap-d-hsc ssZhw Zb ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
III.
20:7 ssZh-Øns‚ \maw hrYm FSp-°p-∂Xp hne-
°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. sX‰mb Hcp {]kvXm-h\ bYm¿∞-
Øn¬ icn-bm-sW∂p ImWn-°p-hm≥. ssZh-\m-a-Øn¬
BW-bn-Sp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXn¬
ssZh-\n-µ, i]n-°¬, Ir{Xn-a-ssi-en-bn-ep≈ BW
bnS¬, Hcp hmKvZm\w kw_-‘n®v BW-bn-´-tijw
AXp \nh¿Øn-°p-h≥ Ign-bm-sX-h-cnI F∂nh Dƒs∏-
SpØphm≥ Ign-bpw.
IV
20:8˛11 i∫-Øp-\m-fns\ ip≤o-I-cn-∏m≥ Hm¿°.
Dev]. 2:1˛3 hmIy-ß-fn¬ AXv BZy-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-
s∏-´p, a∂ tiJ-cn-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘Øn¬ (]p-d.
16) B[n-Im-cn-Iambn Bh-iy-s∏-´p, AXn-\p-tijw
Ct∏mƒ I¿i- \ - a mb BN- c - W - Ø n\v bn{km- t b¬
PmXnbv°v Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn \evI-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. kl-
{km-_vZ-hm-gvN-bn¬ hos≠-Sp-°-s∏´ Hcp krjvSn Bkz-
Zn-°p-hm≥ t]mIp-∂Xpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ C∂v {InkvXp-
hn¬ A\p`-hn-°p-∂-Xp-amb hn{i-a-Øns‚ Hcp {]Xn-cq-
]-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. BgvN-bnse Ggm-asØ Znh-k-amWv
i∫-Øp-Zn-h-kw. sh≈n-bgvN kqcym-kvX-abw apX¬
i\n- b mgv N kqcym- k v X - a - b w- h - s c. {Inkv X ym- \ n- I ƒ
i∫Øp BN-cn-°p-hm≥ ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se-hn-sSbpw
B⁄m-]n-°-s∏-´n-´n-√.
]pd-∏mSv 20
V
20:12 A∏-t\bpw AΩtbbpw _lp-am-\n-°. _lp-
am-\n° F∂-Xns‚ Chn-SpsØ A¿∞w A\p-k-cn°pI
F∂m-Wv. amXm-]n-Xm-°sf A\p-k-cn-®p≈ PohnXw
s]mXpsh Bbp v Dd∏v sNbvXp-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp Pohn-
X-co-Xn-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv A\p-kc - W
- t- °Spw ]m]hpw Hcp
Pohn- X sØ AIm- e - N - c - a - Ø n- t e°v \bn- ° pw. Hcp
hmKvZØw Iq´n-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠p≈ BZysØ Iev]\
CXmWv (F-s^. 6:2). B[n-]X - y-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ A\p-
k-c-W-amWv CXp D]-tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv.
VI
20:13 sIme sNø-cp-Xv. CXv {]tXy-Im¬ sIme-]m-
X-IsØ Dt±-in-®mWv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, A√msX h[-
in-£-sb-tbm, \c-l-Xy-sbtbm Dt±-in-®-√., a\p-jy-
Poh\p sImSp-t°≠ _lp-am-\-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv Cu
Iev]\ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
VII
20:14 hy`n-Nmcw sNø-cp-Xv. hnhml kw_-‘-amb
am\y-X-bm-Wv Cu Iev]-\-sIm-≠p-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv, as‰mcp
hy‡n-bpsS ico-csØ NqjWw sNøp-∂-Xn-s\-Xn-cm-
bp≈ Hcp Xm°oXp IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv. \nb-a-]-c-a-√mØ
F√m-hn[ ssewKnI kz`m-h-co-Xn-I-sfbpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-
s°m-≠p-≈-Xm-Wv.
VIII
20:15 tamjvSn-°-cp-Xv. as‰m-cp-hs‚ kºØv sX‰mb
coXn-bn¬ A]-l-cn-°p-hm≥ Hcp-h≥ kzoI-cn-°p∂ GXp-
hn-[-{]-hr-Øn-sbbpw CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. kzImcy
kzØp-kw-_-‘n-®p≈ BZ-c-hn-s\-bmWv CXp-sIm-≠p-
t±-in-°p-∂-Xv.
IX
20:16 I≈- k m£yw ]d- b - c p- X v . Hcph≥ in£n-
°s∏SpItbm AYhm h[-in-£-bv°p-t]mepw hn[n-°-
s∏Sp-Itbm sNømhp∂Xc-Øn¬, kXy-a-√mØ {]kvXm-
h-\-Iƒ Na-®p-sIm≠v Ahs‚ kz`m-hsØ \in-∏n-°p-
∂Xp kw_-‘n-®p≈ hne-°mWv Cu Iev]-\. Hcp
hy‡n-bpsS Io¿Øn kw_-‘-amb am\y-X-bm-Wv CXp
]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
X
20:17 tamln-°cpXv. ]Øm-asØ Iev]\ {]hr-Øn-
I-fn¬\n∂pw Nn¥-bn-te°v IS-°p-I-bm-Wv, ssZhw Hcp-
h- s \- ° p- d n®v Hcn- ° epw B{K- l n- ° mØ GsXmcp
Imcyhpw BXy-[n-I-ambn tamln-°p-∂-Xp ]m]-am-sW-
∂mWv CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]usem-kns‚ Pohn-X-
Øn¬ ]m]-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Bg-amb Ip‰-t_m[w Df-
hm-°n-bXv Cu Iev]\ - b
- m-sW∂v Xm≥ {]kvXm-hn-°p∂p
(tdm-a. 7:7).
 ]pd-∏mSv 21
20:18˛21 ]Øp- I - e v ] - \ - I ƒ \ev I n- b - t i- j - a p≈
ssZhnI km∂n-≤y-Øns‚ {]I-S-\-߃ I≠ P\w `b-
s∏-´p. ssZhw t\cn´p kwkm-cn-®m¬ Ah¿ \in-®p-t]m-
Ip- s a∂v `b- ∂ - X p- s Im≠v tamsi Ah¿°v a≤y-
ÿ\mbn Xo¿∂p.
20:22˛26 P\sØ Ah-cpsS ]m]m-hÿ t_m[y-s∏-
Sp-Øp-I F∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-W-
Øns‚ Dt±-iw. A\-¥cw ]m]n-Iƒ°v c‡-s®m-cn-®n-
en-eqsS am{Xta ssZh-tØmS ASpØp sN√p-hm≥ Ign-
bp-I-bp≈p F∂-Xns\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp bmK-]oTw
]Wn- b p- h m- \ p≈ \n¿t±- i - ß ƒ k¿∆- I r- ] m- e p- h mb
ssZhw \evIn, ssZh-tØm-SSpØp sN√p-hm-\p≈ am¿§-
amb I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-s\-°p-dn®mWv bmK-
]oTw kwkm- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v . am\p- j nI {]b- X v \ - ß sf
kqNn∏n-°p∂ D]-I-c-W-߃sImt≠m, am\p-jnI t\´-
ßsf ImWn-°p∂ ]´n-I-IƒsIm-t≠m-, {InkvXp-hns‚
kºq¿Æ-X-bn-te°v H∂pw Zm\w sNøphm≥ a\p-jy\p
Ign-™n-´n-√. \of-ap≈, \ne-ØqsS Hgp-Ip∂ hkv{X-
߃ [cn-®p-sIm≠v ]Sn-Iƒ Ib-dp∂ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿,
kµ¿`-h-im¬ GsX-¶nepw coX-bn¬ Xß-sf-Øs∂
A\m-hr-X-am-°n-bm¬ ]mh-\-amb AØ-c-samcp kµ¿`
tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ AXp tbmPn-®-X-√.
C. _lp-hn[ \nb-a-߃ (21˛-24)
1. ASn-a-Isf kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-a-߃ (21:1˛11)
21:1˛6 ]Øp-I-ev]-\-Iƒ \evIp-∂-Xn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v,
bn{km-tb¬a-°f - psS s]cp-am‰w kw_-‘n-®p≈ a‰p ]e
\nb-a-ßfpw ssZhw Ah¿°p \evIn. Hcp F{_m-b≥,.
ISw ho´p-hm-\p-≈-Xns‚ _‘-Øn-tem, Hcp tamj-W-
Øns‚ {]mb-›n-Ø-sa∂ \ne-bn-tem, F{_mb ASn-
abv°p P\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-sIm-t≠m,-A-Sn-a-bmbn Xocmw.
Hcp F{_m-b. Zmk≥ Bdp kwh-’cw the sNtø-≠-
Xp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ggm-asØ h¿jw Ahs\ kzX-{¥-
\m-t°Ww Ah≥ ASn-a-bm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ hnhm-ln-X-\m-
bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, Xs‚ `mcybpw Xt∂m-Sp-IqsS kzX-
{¥bm-°-s∏Spw. F∂m¬ Xs‚ Zmky-Øns‚ Ime-
ØmWv Xm≥ hnhm-ln-X-\m-bsX-¶n¬ `mcybpw a°fpw
bP-am-\-\p-≈-Xm-Wv. AØ-c-samcp kµ¿`-Øn¬ thW-
sa-¶n¬ IX-In-s‚tbm I´-f-°m-en-s‚tbm Acn-In¬
tN¿Øp \n¿Øn ImXp Xpf-bv°-s∏´v Xs‚ bP-am-
\s‚ `h-\-hp-ambn Xs∂ kzta-[bm A\p-cq-]-am-°n-
s°m- ≠ v ASn- a - b mbn XpS- c p- ∂ Xp Xnc- s ™- S p- ° mw.
At∏mƒ apX¬ Ah≥ sNhn-b-S-bm-f-ap-≈-h-\m-Wv. CXv
{InkvXp-hns‚ at\m-l-c-amb Hcp Nn{X-am-Wv. B XnI
™ Zmk≥ \sΩ AXy-[n-I-ambn kvt\ln-®-Xn-\m¬
kzX-{¥\mbn t]mIp-hm≥ C—n-°msX \ap-°p-th≠n
Im¬h-dn-{Iq-in-te-°p-t]m-bn. c£n-Xmhv \ap-°p-th≠n
sNbvX-sXt¥m AXns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ \mw Xs‚ lnX-
a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ ASn-a-I-fmbn _nj∏v aqfns‚ (moule)
hm°p-I-fn¬ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-∂-h-cmbncn-°-Ww.
""Fs‚ bP-am-\-t\, Fs∂ IX-In-∂-cn-In-te°v \bn-
®mepw
105
Ct∏mƒ B{K-ln-°p∂ Cu sNhnsb Hcn-°¬ IqSn
IpØn-Øp-f-®mepw''
Aß-bpsS _‘-\-߃ kzmX-{¥y-am-Wv, Aß-tbm-
sSm∏w Xma-kn®v the-sN-øp-hm\pw
kln-°p-hm\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw Fs∂ A\p-h-
Zn-®mepw (21).
21:7˛11 ASn-a-bm-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp kv{Xotbm-Sp≈ _‘-
Øn-¬, Ah-fpsS bP-am-\≥ Ahsf `mcy-bm-tbm, sh∏m-
´n-bmtbm FSp-Øn-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-tfm-Sp≈ IS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ
\nd-th-‰p-hm≥ Xmev]-cy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬
Ggmw-h¿jw kzX-{¥-bmbn t]mIp-hm≥ Ahƒ°p Ign-
bp-I-bn√. Ah\p Ahsf t_m[n-°m-sX-bn-cp-∂m¬
Ahsf hos≠-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v, A√msX PmXn-Iƒ°v
Ahsf hnev°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√. Ahsf Xs‚ aI\p `mcym-
bm-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ C—n-®m¬, acp-a-I-tfm-sS-∂t]mse
Ah-tfmSp s]cp-am-dW - w. bP-am-\≥ as‰mcp `mcysb FSp-
Øm¬ ASn-a-s∏-Æn\p Ah-fpsS hnhml Ah-Im-i-ß-
sf√mw \evIp-hm-\pw, Nne-hn-\p≈ F√m G¿∏m-Sp-Ifpw
sNbvXp sImSp-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw At∏mgpw
Abm-fn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cp-∂p. Gsd-°psd Xma-k-ku-
Icyw \evIp-∂-Xn-ep-]-cn-bm-bn-s´m∂pw BZysØ hnj
bw sIm≠p-t±-in-°p-∂n-√. Aßs\ sNøm-Ø-]£w
Ahsf ]Ww hmßsX shdpsX hn´-b-bv°-Ww. ASn-
aØw kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nbaw \evIn-b-Xp-sIm≠v ssZhw
AXp AwKo-I-cn-®p-sh-∂p≈ A¿∞w AXn-\n-√. ASn-
a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂-h-cpsS \nb-a-]-c-amb Ah-Im-i-߃ Xm≥
kwc-£n-°pI am{X-amWv sNbvX-Xv.
2. hy‡n-]-c-amb ]cn-°p-kw-_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-
a-߃ (21:12˛36)
21:12˛14 Hcp hy‡nsb sIm√p-∂h\v ac-W-in£
hn[n-°p∂ s]mXp-hmb \nb-a-amWv 12-˛mw hmIy-Øn-¬
{]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \c-l-Xy-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬
Hcp Imcyw Hgn-hm-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. acWw a\x-]q¿∆w
kw`hn- ® - X - s √- ¶ n¬, sIme- ] m- X - I \v ssZh- Ø nt‚
bmK]o-T-Øn-¶-te°v AYhm ]n¬°m-eØv {]tXyI
kt¶-X-\-K-c-ß-fnte°v HmSn-t∏m-Iph-m-≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-
∂p. F∂m¬ a\x-]q¿∆-ap≈ sIme-]m-X-I-ß-fpsS Imcy-
Øn¬ A]-cm-[n°v ssZh-Øns‚ bmK-]oTw bmsXmcp
kpc-£bpw hmKvZØw sNøp-∂n-√.
21:15˛17 amXm-]n-Xm-°sf ASn-°p-∂Xp ac-W-in£
A\p-`hn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ Ip‰-am-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ]nXr-
Xzhpw {]tXy-Im¬ kwc-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. amXm-]n-Xm-
°sf i]n-°p-∂Xpw Hcp-hs\ X´n-s°m≠p t]mIp-
∂Xpw h[-in-£m¿l-amb Ip‰ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
21:18,19 c≠p-t]¿ XΩn¬ iWvT IqSo´p Hcp-h≥ Hcp-
hs\ apdn-th-ev]n-®m¬ Ahs‚ am\-t°-Sn\p \jvS-]-cn-
lmcw sImSp-°p-hm\pw NnIn-’m-sN-ehp sImSp-°p-
hm\pw A]-c≥ _m[y-ÿ-\m-Wv.
21:20,21 Hcp bP-am-\\v Xs‚ Zmks\ in£n-°p-hm≥
106 ]pd-∏mSv 21,22
Ign-bpw. F∂m¬ Ahs\ sIm√p-hm-\p≈ A[n-Imcw
C√-. Hcp Zmk≥ ASn-sIm≠ DSs\ acn-®p-t]m-bm¬ bP-
am-\≥ Ip‰-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Zmk≥ Ht∂m
ct≠m Znhkw Pohn-®n-cp-∂m¬ bP-am-\\pw in£-bn-
√. ImcWw Xs‚ apX-emb ASn-asb sIm√-hm≥ Xm≥
hmkvX-h-Øn¬ B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂n√ F∂m-WXv kqNn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xv.
21:22 c≠p a\p-jy¿ XΩn¬ iWvT IqSn´v K¿`n-Wn-
bmb Hcp kv{Xosb ASn-®-Xn-\m¬ K¿`w Ae-kn-b-X-
√msX Ahƒ°p a‰p bmsXmcp tZmjhpw h∂n-s√-¶n¬
Bkv{Xo-bpsS `¿Ømhp Npa-Øp∂ ]ng, ASn-®-h≥
sImSp- ° - W w- . \ymbm- [ n- ] - ∑ m- c m- b n- c p∂p AØcw
tIkn\p Xo¿∏p Iev]n-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
21:23˛25 hy‡n-]-c-amb ]cn-°n-\p≈ s]mXp-hmb
\nb-aw, Poh\p ]Icw Poh≥, IÆn\p ]Icw IÆv,
]√n\p ]Icw ]√v F∂n-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Aan-X-amb
Zbbpw AXy-[n-I-amb {IqcXbpw Hgn-hm-°n-s°m-≠v Ip‰-
Øn-\-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cp∂p in£. \nb-a-\-S-]Sn {Ia-Øn-
¬, sIme-]m-XIw Hgn-sI-bp≈ F√m tIkp-Ifpw Hcp
]ng CuSm-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp∂p (kw-
Jy. 35:31 ImWp-I).
21:26˛36 Hcp-Ø≥ ASn®p Xs‚ Zmk-s‚tbm Zmkn-
bp-sStbm ItÆm, ]t√m If-™m¬ B Zmks\ kzX-
{¥-\m-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp Imf Hcp hy‡nsb Ahn-
Nm-cn-X-ambn IpØn-s°m-∂¬ B Imfsb Is√-dn-™p-
sIm-∂p-I-f-b-W-ambn-cp-∂p. IqSmsX AXns‚ amwkw
Xn∂p-hm\pw ]mSn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ B Imf apsº-
Xs∂ IpØp-∂-Xm-bpw, DS-a-ÿ≥ AX-dn-™p-an-cp-∂m¬
Ah\pw ac-W-in£ A\p`-hn-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬
Xs‚ Pohs‚ hos≠-Sp-∏n\mbn Npa-Ø-s∏Sp∂ D≤m-c-
W-{Zhyw sImSp-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp hyhÿ DS-a-ÿ-\p-
th≠n Xøm-dm-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Hcp _me‚tbm _me-bp-
sStbm ac-W-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Ønepw CtX ]ng-X-s∂-
bm-bn-cp∂p sImSp-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp Zmks‚ ac-
W-tØmSp≈ _‘-Øn¬ ]ng-bmbn ap∏Xp ti°¬
sh≈n sImSp-°p-Ibpw Imfsb Is√-dn-™p-sIm-√p-
Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. {i≤n-°p-I. Imf-bm¬ sIm√-
s∏´ Hc- S n- a bv ° p th≠n Bh- i y- s ∏´ AtX hne-
bv°mWv bqZ tbip-hns\ H‰n-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv, Aßs\
acn® Hcp ASn-a-bpsS hne-bmWv bqZ Ah\v C´-Xv. Hcp-
h≥ Hcp Ipgn Ipgn-®Xv aqSm-sX-bn-cp-∂m¬ arK-߃
AXn¬ hogp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-≠m-Ip∂ GsXmcp \jvS-
Øn\pw Ah≥ Xs∂ DØ-c-hm-Zn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp-Øs‚
Imf as‰m-cpØs‚ Imfsb IpØn-s°m-∂m¬ c≠n-
s‚bpw hne Ccp-hcpw Xpey-ambn ]Ip-sØ-Sp-°-W-am-
bn-cp-∂p.B-{I-an-°p∂ arK-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ≥, AXns‚
B{I-a-W-kz-`mhw t\csØ Adn-™n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬
sIm√s∏´ arK-Øns‚ hne sImSp-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.
F∂m-¬ NØp-t]mb arKsØ Ah\p kz¥mbn FSp-
°mw.
3. tamj-Whpw kzØp \io-I-c-Whpw kw_-‘n-®p≈
\nb-a-߃ (22:1˛6)
Hcp tamjvSmhv Xm≥ tamjvSn® hkvXp kw_-‘n®v
]q¿Æ {]Xn-im¥n \evIp-hm≥ _m[y-ÿ-\m-bn-cp-∂p.
tamj-W-Øns‚ kz`m-h-a-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cp∂p XpI Xocp-
am-\n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. cm{Xn-bn¬ hoSp tamjvSn°p-tºmƒ Hcp
I≈≥ sIm√- s ∏- ´ m¬ Xs‚ sIme- b mfn IW°p
t_m[n-∏n-t°-≠-Xn-√. ImcWw Ahs‚ Dt±iyw tamj-
W-am-bn-cp-∂pthm AtXm sIme-]m-X-I-am-bn-cp-∂pthm
F∂-dn-bp-hm≥ bmsXmcp am¿§hpw X\n-°n-√m-bn-cp-∂p.
F∂m¬ t\cw shfp-Ø-tijw Hcp tamjvSmhns\s°m-
∂m¬ sIm√p-∂-h≥ Ip‰-°m-c-\m-bn-Øo-cpw. 1˛mw hm-Iy-
Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ I≈\v {]Xn-im-¥nbv°v hI-bn-
s√-¶n¬ Ah≥ ASn-a-bmbn hn¬°-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
tamjvSn-°-s∏´ Hcp arKsØ Poh-t\msS ImW-s∏-´m¬
tamjvSmhv Cc-´n-bmbn aS-°n-s°m-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-
∂p. Hcp Irjn-°m-c≥ Xs‚ Hcp arKsØ Ab¬°m-
cs‚ [m\y-h-b-en¬ Ae-™p-\-S-°p-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-®m¬
AXp Xn∂p \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ hnebv°p HØ-hÆw
Xs‚ ap¥n-cn-tØm-´-Øntem hb-entem D≈-Xn¬ DØ-
a-am-bXp Abmƒ°p ]Icw sImSp-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp-
h≥ A{i-≤-ambn Xo IØn-®-Xp-aqew hnf \in-°p-hm≥
Imc-Wa - mbn Xo¿∂m¬ AXn\pw \jvS-]-cn-lmcw \evtI-
≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
4. Ahn-iz-kvXX kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-a-߃
(22:7˛15)
22-:7˛-13 hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp-h-\p-
th≠n as‰m-cp-h≥ kq£n-®p-h-®n-cp∂ kzØp AYhm
]Ww tamjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xp kw_-‘n-®p≈ Imcy-ß-
fmWv 7˛9 hmIy-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. tamjvSn-®-h≥
AXv Cc-´n-bmbn aS-°n-s°m-Sp-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. I≈s\
I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX h∂m¬ B ]Ww kq£n-
®n-cp-∂-h≥ Xm≥ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂pthm Ip‰-°m-c≥
F∂p t\m°p-hm≥th≠n \ymbm-[n-]s‚ apºm-sI
kzbw lmP-cm-tI-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hn-izm-k-°-cmdp
sX‰n-°p-∂Xp kw_-‘n-®p≈ GXp Imcy-Ønepw hmZn-
bmtWm {]Xn-bmtWm Ip‰-°m-c-s\∂p Xocp-am-\n-®n-cp-
∂Xp \ymbm-[n-]-\m-bn-cp-∂p. \ymbm-[n-]≥ Cc-´n-]-Icw
sImSp-°p-hm-\m-bn-cp∂p Ah-tcmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv.
hnizm-km-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kq£n-®n-cp∂ Hcp arKw NØp-
t]m- I - t bm, AXn- \ p- h √ tISp X´p- I - t bm, Bcpw
ImWmsX If-hp-t]m-Itbm sNbvXn´v AXp XS-bp-hm-
\p≈ Xs‚ Ign-hn\pw A∏pd-Øm-bp≈XmWv kw`-hn-
®- s X∂v `mc- h m- l nXzw hln- ® - b mƒ ssZh- a p- º msI
BW-bn-´m¬, {]Xn-im-¥n-bpsS Bh-iy-an-√. `mc-hm-
lnXzw hln-®-bm-fpsS A{i-≤-sIm-≠mWv arKw tamjvSn-
°-s∏-´-sX-¶n¬, Ah≥ {]Xn-im¥n \evtI-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-
cp-∂p. ISn-®p-Io-dn-t∏mb Hcp arK-tØm-Sp≈_‘-Øn¬,
AXns‚ ihw sXfn-hmbn sIm≠p-h-∂m¬ {]Xn-im-¥n-
bpsS Bh-iy-an-√.
 ]pd-∏mSv 22,23
22:14,15 hmbv] hmßnb arK-Øn\p h√ tISp `hn-
°-tbm AXp NØpt]m-Itbm sNbvXm¬ hmbv] hmßn-
b-h-≥ ]Icw sImSp-°-Ww. F∂m¬ AXp kw`hn-®-
t∏mƒ DS-a-ÿ≥ ASp-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXns\
kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v {]Xn-im-¥n-
bpsS Bh-iy-an√; ImcWw \jvSw Iqen-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-
∂p-≠-t√m.
5. hy`n-Nmc kw_-‘-amb \nb-a-߃ (22:16,17)
hnhm-l-Øn\p \nb-an-°-s∏-SmØ Hcp I\y-I-bp-ambn
Hcp-h≥ ]m]-kw-_-‘-ambn hy`n-N-cn-®-h≥,. Ah≥
kv{Xo[\w sImSpØv Ahsf hnhm-lw Ign-°p-hm≥
_m≤y-ÿ-\m-Wv. ]nXm-hn\v Xs‚ aIsf Ah-\p-ambn
hnhmlw Ign-∏n-°p-hm≥ a\- n-s√-¶n¬, s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ
IqsS-°qsS hnhm-ln-X-cm-Ip-am-bn-cp∂Xv hf-sc-b-[n-I-
ambn Xcw-Xm-gvØ-s∏-Sp-hm≥ km[y-X-bp≈-Xp-sIm≠v
At∏mgpw Ah≥ Ah-fpsS ]nXm-hn\v I\y-Im-[\w
sImSp-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
6. \nb-a]
- c
- hpw aX-]c
- h
- p-am-bn-´p≈ IS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ
kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-a-߃ (22:18˛23:19)
22:18˛20 sIme-]m-X-I-Øn\p ]pd-ta-bp≈ h[-in-
£m¿l-am-b aq∂p Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fmWv£p{Zw AYhm
B`n-Nm-c-I¿Ωw, arK-tØm-sSm∏w ibn-°p-∂-Xv, hn{K-
lm-cm-[\ F∂n-h.
22:21˛24 tZiØp≈ ]c-tZ-in-I-tfmSv blq-Z-∑m¿
A\p-I-º-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°-W-am-bn-cp∂p; ImcWw Ah-
cpw-A-\y-tZ-iØp ]c-tZ-in-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n-´p-≠v. hn[-h-am-
tcmSpw A\m-Y-tcmSpw Zb-tbm-Sp-IqSn s]cp-am-td-≠-Xp-
≠v. Cu Iev]\ \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-∂Xv btlmh Xs∂-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p-]e AXn-{I-a-߃°pw in£ \evIp-
hm≥ ]pcp-j-∑m¿ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p, F∂m¬ C°m-
cy-Øn¬ ssZhw t\cn´p in£n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ai-c-W-
tcm-Sp≈ Xs‚ at\m-`m-h-Øn¬ Xm≥ am‰w hcp-Øn-bn-
´n- √ . A\m- Y ¿°pw hn[- h - a m¿°pwth≠n Ah≥
Ct∏mgpw Icp-Xp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v, hnizm-kn-I-fmb \mapw
AXp-t]mse sNø-Ww.
22:25˛27 bn{km-tb-ey-\mb Hcp-h\v hmbv]sIm-SpØ
]W-Øn\v ]eni hmßp-hm≥ ]mSn√; PmXn-I-tfmSv
AXmImw (B-h. 23:20). ]W-b-ambn FSpØ hkv{Xw
kqcym-kvX-a-b-Øn\p apºp-Xs∂ aS-°n-sIm-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-
≠v. ImcWw ta¬°p-∏mbw ]pX-∏mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-
´n-cn-°p-∂p.
22:28˛31 ssZhsØ Zpjn-°p-∂Xpw P\-Øns‚ A-
[n-]-Xnsb i]n-°p-∂Xpw hne-°-s∏-´n-cp∂p ({]-hr. 23:5
Xmc-Xayw sNøpI). hnfthm, ]p{X-∑m-tcm, arK-ßtfm
GXm-bn-cp-∂mepw ssZh-Øns‚ ]¶v ssZh-Øn\p In´-
W-am-bn-cp-∂p. arK-ß-fnse ISn-™q-ens\ F´mw-Zn-hkw
bmKw Ign-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. Im´p-ar-K-ß-fm¬ ISn-®p-Io-
d-s∏´ amwkw Xn∂p-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AØcw
kµ¿`ß-fn¬ AXns‚ cIvXw s]s´∂p hm¿∂p t]mI-
bn√; c‡w `£n-°p-∂Xv ssZhnI \nb-a-ew-L-\-amWv
107
(te-hy.17). IqSmsX ssZhw Xs‚ P\sØ kwc-£n-
°p∂ ]I¿®-hym-[n, arK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]I-cp∂ ]e-
hn[tcmK-ß-fm¬ (t]-∏-´n-hnjw t]mep-≈-Xv) D≠m-
Ip∂p F∂ A]-I-Shpw AXn-ep-≠v.
23:1˛12 \ymb-Øo¿∏ns‚ kz`m-h-ap≈ Imcy-ß-fn¬
Ip‰-hm-fnsb \ymbo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ th≠n ZpjvS-t\mSp
KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Øp-hm\pw ZpjvS-cmb _lp-P-\-]£w
tNcp-hm\pw Zcn-{Z-tcmSp apJ-]£w ImWn-°p-hm\pw
th≠n hymP-h¿Ø-am\w ]c-Øp-∂-Xp hne-°-s∏-´n-cp-
∂p. i{Xp-hn-\p≈ Hcp arK-tØmSp ]I ImWn-°-cp-Xv.
AXp hgn-sX-‰n-bm¬ AXns\ AXns‚ DS-aÿs‚
]°¬ XncnsI Gev]n-°-Ww. `mc-ap≈ Npa-Sp-ambn
AXp hoWp-In-S-°p∂Xv I≠m¬ AXns\ Agn-®p-hn-Sp-
hm≥ klm-bn-°-Ww. Zcn-{Z\v \ymbw ]men-®p-sIm-Sp-t°-
Ww. A[m¿Ωn-I-amb \nba X{¥-ß-fn-eq-sS Ip‰-an-√m-
Ø-h-\pw, \oXn-am\pw in£n-°-s∏-S-cp-Xv. ssI°qen
hmßp-∂-Xpw, ]c-tZ-in-Isf D]-{Z-hn-°p-∂Xpw \ntcm-[n-
°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Ggm-asØ kwh-’cw i∫-Øm-bn-cp-∂p.
At∏mƒ \new Dg-hp-sN-ømsX shdpsX Ct´-°-Ww.
B h¿jw X\nsb hf¿∂p-h-cp-∂Xv Zcn-{Z-∑m¿°p-≈-
Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Ggm-asØ Znhkw bP-am-\≥, Zmk≥, arKw
F√m-h¿°pw hn{i-a-Zn-h-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚
ssZhw Imcp-Wy-hm\pw \oXn-bp-≈h - \
- p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂n-
´p-t]mepw Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmb B[p-\nI hna¿i-I¿
ssZh-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn Ip‰m-tcm-]Ww \S-Øp-∂p.
23:13˛17 {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, A\y-
ssZ-h-ßsf \nµn-°p∂ coXn-bn-e-√msX Ah-cpsS \maw
D®-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mepw blq-Z-∑m¿°v \njn-≤-am-bn-cp-∂p.
btlm-hbv°v aq∂p henb D’-h-߃ BN-cn-t°-≠n-
bn-cp-∂p. (1) ]pfn-∏n-√mØ A∏-Øns‚ D’-hw, s]k-
lm-s]-cp∂mƒ Ign-bp∂ DSs\ h¿jm-cw-`-Øn¬Xs∂
AXv \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. hntZz-jw, Im]Syw apX-em-b-h-
bn¬\n∂pw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-ßsf ip≤o-I-cn-t°-≠-
Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn-®mWv CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv
(2)-s]-¥-t°mkvXp s]cp-∂mƒ, hmtcm-’hw F∂-t]-
cnepw sImbvØp-s]-cp-∂mƒ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. s]¥-t°m-
kvXp-\m-fn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhp hcp-∂Xpw k` cq]o-I-
cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amWv CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. (3) ImbvI-
\n-s∏-cp-∂mƒ, IqSm-c-s∏-cp-∂mƒ F∂-t]-cnepw Adn-b-
s∏-Sp-∂p. kl-{km-_vZ-hm-gvN-bn¬ bn{km-tb¬, tZiØv
kpc-£n-X-ambn hmgp∂-Xn\p ZrjvSm-¥-am-Wn-Xv. Cu
D’-h-ß-fn¬ ]pcp-j-∑m-sc-√m-hcpw ]s¶-Sp-°-W-sa∂p
\n¿_‘am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ a‰p-≈-hsc kw_-‘n-®n-
S-tØmfw AXp \n¿_-‘-an-√. tbmtk^v am{X-a-√,
Xt∂m-Sp-IqsS adn-bbpw _me-\mb tbiphpw B≠p-
tXmdpw sbcp-i-te-an¬ s]klm s]cp-∂m-fn\p t]mbn-
cp-∂-Xmbn ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ \mw ImWp-∂p-≠t√m
(eq-s°m. 2:41).
23:18,19 ssZh-Øns‚ bmK-c-‡-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-
Øn¬ ˛ AXm-bXv s]k-l -]p-fn-∏p≈ A∏w (]p-fn∏v
]m]sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p) D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
108 ]pd-∏mSv 23,24
bmK-ta-Z v ssZh-Øn-\p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ImcWw AXv
G‰hpw \√ `mK-sØ-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXv Dj-
Im-ew-hsc ht®-°-cp-Xv. ]t£ km[m-c-W-bmbn an°-
hmdpw AXp Zln-∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. BZy-^-e-ß-fn¬
taØ-c-am-bXv btlm-h-bpsS Be-b-Øn¬ sIm≠p-sN-
√- W - a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Hcp arKsØ AXns‚ X≈- b psS
]men¬ ]mIw sNøp-hm≥ ]mSn-√. Hcp-]s£ CXv hn{K-
lm-cm-[n-Iƒ sNbvXp-h-∂n-cp-∂ kºpjvS ]qPm-{I-asØ
FXn¿°p-hm≥ Dt±-in-®p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. bYm¿∞
sblq-Z-∑m¿ C∂pw Cd-®nbpw ]mepw IqSn Htc ]m{X-
Øn¬ ]mIw sNøp-I-bn-√, IqSmsX amwkw sImgpØ
akm-e-®m-dn¬ Ign-°p-∂Xpw Ah¿ CjvSs∏-´n-cp-∂n√
(22).
7. Iog-S-°¬ kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-a-߃
(23:20˛33)
ChnsS ssZhw bn-{km-tb¬ P\sØ hmKvZØ \m´n-
te°p \bn-°p-hm\pw Ahn-sS-bp≈ PmXn-I-fmb tZi-
\n-hm-kn-Isf \n¿Ωq-e-am-°p-hm\pw Hcp ZqXs\ (b-
tlmh) Ah¿°p apºmbn Ab- b v ° p- s a- ∂ p- a p≈
hmKvZØw \evIn. blq-Z-∑m¿ hn{K-lm-cm-[\ shSn™v
btlm-hsb A\p-k-cn-®m¬ btlmh Ah¿°p-th≠n
h≥Im-cy-ß-sf-sNøpw. A\p-k-c-W-t°-Sn-s\Xncmbn
Xm°oXp \ev I p- ∂ - X ns\ IW- ° n- s e- S p- Ø p- s Im≠v
sl≥{Sn Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv.
\ΩpsS kwc-£-I\pw D]-Im-cn-bp-am-b-hs\ t£m`n-
∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ \mw hfsc {i≤-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°Ww;
ImcWw \ΩpsS c£-tWm-]m[n \sΩ hn´p-t]m-I-bpw,
Ahs‚ \∑-bpsS \oscm-gp°v hn-t—-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw
sNbvXm¬, \mw \n¿∆-ln-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-h-cmWv (23).
Ah-cpsS tZiw sN¶-S¬ XpSßn s^en-kvXy-cp-sS
IS¬h-scbpw (sa-Un-‰-td-\n-b≥ IS¬) acp-`qan (I-\ms‚
sX-°p≈ s\tKm) XpSßn \Zn (bq-{^-´o-kv) hscbpw
hnkvXr-Xam-°pw.
tZi-\n-hm-kn-Isf HmSn-®p-I-f-bp-∂Xp kw_-‘n-
®p≈ Iev]\ t\m°p-I. AhnsS kam-[m\ DS-º-Sn-
Itfm hn{K-lm-cm-[-\tbm ]c-kv]cw Iq´n-°-e-ctem
A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ZpjvS-∑m-cmb I\m-\ysc D∑q-
e-\miw sNøp-hm≥ ssZhw t\csØ Iev]n-®n-´p-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p, F∂m¬ Ah-cp-ambn kl-I-cn-°p-hm≥ bn{km-
tb¬ B{K-ln-®p. {][m-\-amb Hcp Bflo-b-XXzw CXp
\sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZhw \ΩpsS i{Xp-°-fp-sS-ta¬
(tem-Iw, PUw, ]nim-Nv) \ap°p Pbw Xcpw. F∂m¬
\mw hnizm-k-Øns‚ \√-t]m¿ s]mcp-tXWw F∂p
ssZhw B{K-ln-°p-∂p.
2sIm-cn. 6:14˛18 hmIy-ß-fn¬ 33-˛mw hmIy-Øns‚
]I¿∏v ImWp-∂p. Xs‚ P\w temI-Øn¬ \n∂pw
th¿s]´p Pohn-°Ww F∂v ssZhw F√m-bvt∏mgpw
B{K-ln-°p-∂p. CuI-ev]\ A\p-k-cn-°m-sX-bn-cp-∂-
XmWv bn{km-tb-ens‚ ]X-\-Øn\p Imc-W-ambn Xo¿∂-
Xv. Zp¿`m-j-W-Øm¬ kZm-Nmcw sI´p-t]m-Ip∂p
F∂p-≈-Xv C∂pw kXy-amb Imcy-am-Wv.
8. DS-º-Sn-bpsS ÿnco-I-cWw (24:1˛8)
24:1,2 ]pd. 20-˛23 A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-
´n-cn-°p∂ \nb-a-ßfpw N´-ßfpw kw_-‘n®p ssZhw
tami-tbmSp kwkm-cn®p sIm≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ tamsi
ko\mbn ]¿∆-X-Øn¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. Al-tcm-s\bpw
Xs‚ c≠p ]p{X-∑m-cmb \mZm-_v, A_olq F∂n-h-
scbpw bn{km-tb¬ aq∏-∑m-cn¬ Fgp-]Xp t]scbpw Iq´n
]¿∆-Øn¬ aS-ßn-hc - W
- s - a∂v tami ]¿∆-XØ - n¬\n∂pw
Cd-ßp-∂-Xn-\p-apsº Xs∂ ssZhw tami-tbmSp Bh-
iy-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ssZh-tØm-S-SpØp sN√p-hm≥
tami-bv°p-am-{Xta A\p-hm-Z-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p≈p. a‰p-≈-
h¿ Zqsc amdn-\n-ev°
- W - a- m-bn-cp-∂p. \ymb-{]-am-W{- ]-Imcw
]m]nbpw ssZhhpw XΩn¬ Hcp AI¬® \ne-\n∂n-cp-
∂p. F∂m-¬ Ir]-bv°-[o-\-cm-bn-cn-°p∂ \sΩ kw_-
‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Xs‚ c‡-Øm¬ hnip-≤-a-µn-c-Øn-te-
°p≈ {]th-i-\-Øn\p ss[cyw e`n-®n-cn-°p∂p (F-
{_m. 10:19). Ah¿ ASpØp hc-cpXv F∂v \ymb-{]-amWw
]d-bp-tºmƒ Ir] ]d-bp-∂p, ASpØp sN√pI (F-
{_m.10:22).
24:3˛8 A\-¥cw tamsi P\-Øns‚ ASp-°¬ Cd-
ßn-s®∂v \nb-a-߃ Ahsc Adn-bn-®p. AXv {]am-Wn-
°p-hm-\p-≈ {]m]vXn Ah¿°n√ F∂Xv th≠-hn-[-
Øn¬ a\- n-em-°msX AXp-sNøpw F∂h¿ DS-\Sn
{]kvXm-hn-®p. ssZhhpw bn{km-tbepw XΩnep≈ Cu
\n_-‘-\-I-cm¿ ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n tamsi
BZyw ]{¥≠p XqWp-I-fp≈ (bn-{km-tb¬ tKm{Xw
]{¥-≠n-\p-th-≠n)Hcp bmK-]oTw ]Wn-Xp. AXn-\p-
tijw Ah≥ bmK-ar-K-Øns‚ c‡w FSpØp ]IpXn
bmK-]o-T-Øn-t∑epw (D-S-º-Sn-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ]¶ns\
{]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂p) ]IpXn P\-Øn-t∑epw (D-S-º-Sn-
bn¬ Ah-cpsS `mKw ]men-®p-sIm-≈m-sa-∂p≈ Xocpam-
\sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p) Xfn-®p.
9. ssZh-tX-P v shfn-s∏-Sp-ج (24:9˛18)
24:9˛11 A\-¥-cw,. 1,2 hmIy-ß-fn¬ \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-
°p∂ {]Imcw tamsibpw a‰p-≈-hcpw ko\mbv ]¿∆-
X-Øns‚ apI-fn-te°v Ibdnt∏m-bn. AhnsS Ah¿
ssZhsØ Xs‚ tXP-t msS I≠p. km[m-cW \ne-
bn¬ ssZhsØ ImWp-∂-h¿ acn-®p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p,
F∂m¬ ChnsS A{]- I m- c - a √ kw`- h n- ® - X v . Ah¿
ssZhsØ I≠p, `£-W-]m-\o-b߃ Ign-®p. as‰m-cp-
hn-[-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ Ah¿ ssZhsØ ImWp-Ibpw
kam-[m-\-bmKw `£n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Pohn-®n-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
ssZhsØ ImWp∂ hnj-b-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬,
ss__n-fn¬ Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-k-amWv ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
ssZhsØ ImWp-hm≥ km[y-a√ F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p∂
hmIy߃ Hcp hi-Øp≠v (]p-d. 33:20; tbml. 1:18;
1tbml. 4:12). adp-h-iØv ssZhsØ I≠ a\p-jy-sc-
 ]pd-∏mSv 25
°p-dn®v kwkm-cn-°p∂ thZ-`m-K-ß-fp-≠v. Dev]. 32:30;
]pd. 24:10; 33:23; apX-em-bh AXn-\p-Zm-l-c-ß-fm-Wv.
AXns‚ hni-Zo-I-cWw C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. ssZhw Xs‚
tXP- n¬ {]Im-in-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ t\m°p∂
Gh-t\bpw _mjv]o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ X°-hÆw Zln-∏n-
°p∂ Hc-·n-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Hcp a\p-jy\v ImWp-hm\pw
Xt∂m-sSm∏w hkn-°p-hm\pw Ign-bp∂ Xc-Øn¬ a\p-
jy-cq-]Ø
- nepw Hcp ZqXs‚ cq]-Ønepw As√-¶n¬ {]Im-
in-°p∂ taL-ambpw (B-h. 5:24) Xs∂-Øm≥ shfn-
s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bpw.
24:12˛18 ko\mbn ]¿∆-X-Øn-te-°p≈ ]e-hn[ Ib-
‰-߃ ChnsS {]I-S-amb hn[-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-
cn-°p-∂p. C{]m-hiyw Zqc-Øns‚ Hcp-`mKw hsc tbmiph
tamsisb A\p-K-an-®p. Xs‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ P\-Øn\p
\ymbm-[n-]-Xn-I-fm-bn-cn-∏m≥ tamsi Al-tcm-s\bpw
lqcn-s\bpw Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. tXP- m-Ip∂ taLw
]¿∆-XsØ aqSn-bn-cp-∂p. B-dp-Zn-hkw tamsi ]¿∆-X-
Øns‚ Hcp-hi - Øv ImØn-cp-∂p. A\-¥cw ssZh-Øns‚
£W-{]-Imcw Ah-≥ ]¿∆-X-Øn\p apI-fn-te°p Ibdn
taL-Øn-\p-≈n-te°v {]th-in-®p. ASpØ \mev]Xp
cmhpw ]Iepw Ah≥ Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p hkn-t°-≠-
Xv. \mev]Xv ]co-£-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-s‚bpw
kwJy-bm-Wv. tamsi-bv°p-≈-Xn-s\-°mfpw ]co-£Ww
ChnsS P\-Øn-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ ]m]-Øn¬ apgp-In-b-
Xp-sIm≠v ]co-£-W-Øn¬ tXm‰p-t]m-bn. X∑qew a\p-
jys‚ lrZ-b-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX-¥m-sW∂v ssZhw
\nb-a-Øn-eqsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Cu k-a-bØv tamsi
bv°v e`n® \n¿-t±-i-ß-fmWv 31:18 hsc tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
X. kam-Ka- \ IqSm-chpw ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw
(A. 25-˛40)
ASpØ Ggv A≤ym- b - ß - f n¬ kam- K - a - \ - I q- S m- c -
Øns‚ \n¿ΩmWw, ]utcm-lnXyÿm-]-\w, AXn-t\m-
S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ \nb-a-\n¿ΩmWw F∂nh-sb-°p-dn-®p≈
\n¿t±-i-ß-fm-Wv. ssZh-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Øn-
\p≈ {]m[m\yw ImWn-®p-sIm≠v ss__n-fn¬ BsI
50 A≤ym-b-߃ AXn-\mbn ]q¿Æ-ambn th¿Xn-cn-®n-
´p-≠v.
Xs‚ P\-Øns‚ at[y ssZh-Øn\p hkn-°p-hm-
\p≈ ÿe-ambncp∂p kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-cw. Hcp IqSm-c-
Øns‚ amXr-I-bn-em-bn-cp∂p AXns‚ cq]-L-S-\. kam-
K-a\ IqSm-c-Øns‚ Hmtcm-`m-Khpw {InkvXp-hns‚ hy‡n-
Xzw, Xs‚ {]hr-Øn, ssZh-tØm-S-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ am¿§w
F∂nh kw_-‘n-®p≈ Bflo-b-]m-T߃ \sΩ ]Tn-
∏n-°p-∂p. ]m]w ssZh-sØbpw a\p-jy-scbpw XΩn¬
AI-‰n-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw ssZh-Øm¬ tbmKy-cm-°-s∏-
Sp-Ibpw \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-
cmb {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fn¬ IqSn-am-{Xta ssZh-tØm-S-Sp-°p-
hm-≥ Ign-bpIbp≈p-sh-∂pw ]utcm-lnXyw P\sØ
Hm¿∏n-®p.
109
A. kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw ]Wn-bp-∂Xp kw_-‘n-
®p≈ \n¿t±-i-߃ (A. 25-˛27)
1. hkvXp-°-fpsS tiJ-cWw (25:1˛9)
kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw (A`b-ÿm-\w) \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-
h-iymb hkvXp-°-fpsS Hcp hgn-]mSv P\-Øns‚ CS-
bn¬\n∂pw FSp-°p-hm≥ ssZhw tami-tbmSp Bh-iy-
s∏-´p. an{kbow tZiw hn´p-t]m-∂-t∏mƒ, an{k-bo-ay-
cy¬\n∂pw bn{km-tb¬ P\-Øn\p e`n® {]Xn-^-e-am-
bn-cp∂p hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ teml-߃, \√ XpWn-Øc - ß
- ƒ,
tXmep-Iƒ, FÆ, kpK-‘-h¿§-߃, hne-tb-dnb cXv\-
߃ F∂n-h-sb-∂-Xn¬ bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. Ah¿
the sNbvX-Xpw, ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂Xpw Cu hkvXp-
°ƒ°p th≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ AXp bmtKm-
Nn-X-ambn \evIp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw ssZhn-
I-am-XrI{]Imcw am{Xta ]Wn-b-s∏-Smhq F∂v ssZh-
Øn\p \n¿_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. `uXo-I-amb Hcp sI´n-
S-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ CXp icn-bmbncps∂-¶n¬
]pXn-b\- n-ba
- s
- sZ-hnI amXr-I{- ]-Imcw {InkvXp-hns‚ k`-
Iƒ (P-\w) ]Wn-sX-Sp-°p-∂Xv F{X-am{Xw IqSp-X¬
{]m[m-\y-ap≈ hnj-b-am-Wv.
2. \nb-a-Øns‚ s]´Iw (25:10˛16)
s]-´Iw XSn-bn¬ Xo¿Ø henb Hcp s]´n-bm-bn-cp-
∂p. AXns‚ AIhpw ]pdhpw X¶w s]mXn-™n-cp-∂p.
AXp Npa-∂p-sIm≠p t]mIp-hm-\p≈ X≠p-Iƒ CSp-
∂-Xn-\p-th≠n AXns‚ Ccp-h-iØpw kz¿Æ hf-b-߃
D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. km£yw˛ AXm-bXv \nb-a-Øns‚ c≠p
Iev]-e-I-Ifpw (hm. 16) ]n∂oSv Al-tcms‚ hSnbpw
a∂ C´p-h® ]m{Xhpw (F-{_m. 9:4) kq£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-
≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p B s]´-Iw.
3. Ir]m-k\w (25:17˛22)
\nb-a-s∏-´-I-Øns‚ aqSn-bmWv Ir]m-k\w F∂-dn-
b-s∏-´n-cp-∂Xv. AXv ZqX-∑m-tcmSv kam-\-amb c≠p cq]-
ßsf Xmßn \n¿Øp∂ kz¿-Æ-Øn-s‚ Dd-∏p≈ Hcp
X´v Bbn-cp-∂p. Cu sIcq-_p-Iƒ (24). XΩn¬ A`n-ap-
Jam-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS Nnd-Ip-Iƒ At\ym\yw
Iq´n ap´p∂ coXn-bn¬ tatem´v Db¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw
thW-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ir]m-k-\-Øn≥aosX c≠p sIcq-_p-
Iƒ \Sp-hn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ sjt°-\-bmbn ssZhw
Xs∂-Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Ipd-
™-]£w ]Xn-aq∂p ]pkvX-I-ß-fn-se-¶-nepw sIcq-_p-
I-sf-°p-dn®v {]kvXm-hn-®n´p-≠v. btlm-h-bpsS \oXn,
hnip≤n F∂n-h-bp-amWv Ah {]mY-an-I-ambn _‘-s∏-
´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ssZh-Øns‚ knwlm-k-\-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-
Ønepw ]e-t∏mgpw Ah {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. sbl.
1,10 F∂o A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ Ah-sb-°p-dn®p {]kvXm-hn-
®n-´p-≠v.
4. ImgvN-b-∏-Øns‚ tai (25:23˛30)
XSn-bn¬ ]WnXv X¶w s]mXn™ Hcp tai-bm-bn-
110

kam-Ka- \
- I
- q-Sm-cØ
- ns‚ cq]-tcJ

Xs‚ P\-Øns‚ \Sp-h-n¬ ssZh-Øn\p hkn-

°p-hm≥ \¬I-s∏´ Hcp ÿe-am-bn-cp∂p kam-
K-a\ IqSm-cw. hnip≤ ÿehpw Nn{X-Xøep≈
aqSp- i n- e - b m¬ ad- b v ° - s ∏´ AXn- ] - c n- i p≤
ÿehpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Hcp IqSm-c-sØ-bmWv
Nne-b-h-k-c-ß-fn¬ kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw kqNn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ a‰p ÿe-ß-fn¬ IqSmcw
\n¬°p∂ Xnc-io-e-bn¬ ad-bv°-s∏´ A¶-W-
apƒs∏-sS-bp≈ samØw Iq´-sØ-bmWv AXv
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

bn-{km-tbey Bcm-[-\-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smc D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS

_‘-s∏´ ÿm\-ß-fmWv Cu hnh-c-W-Øn¬ ImWn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, hy‡-X-bv°p-th≠n
kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw hep-Xm°n ImWn-®n-cn-°-bm-Wv.
 ]pd-∏mSv 25,26
cp∂p ImgvN-b-∏-Øns‚ tai. apIƒ hi-Øn\p Np‰p-
ambn Ae-¶m-c-]-c-ambn s]m∂p sIm≠p-Xo¿Ø Hcp
h°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p (Hcp intcm-e-¶m-cw) IqSmsX \mep-
hn-c¬ hoXn-bp≈ Hcp N´-hpw, N´-Øn\p Np‰pw c≠m-
asØ Ae- ¶ m- c - ∏ - W n- b mbn s]m∂p- s Im- ≠ p≈ Hcp
h°pw D≠m- b n- c p- ∂ p. s]´- I - Ø n- t ‚- X p- t ]mse Cu
taibpw hf-b-ß-fn¬ IqSn IS-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ X≠p-Iƒ
D]-tbm-Kn-®m-bn-cp∂p Npa-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Cu hf-b-߃
\mep-Im-en-s‚bpw ]m¿iz-ß-fn-embn XmgsØ aqe-I-fn-
em-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p LSn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. tai-∏p-dØv bn{km-
tb¬ tKm{Xw ]{¥-≠n-s\bpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v
]{¥≠v A∏-߃ (hm.30) h®n-cp-∂p. Ahsb IqSmsX
Xfn-I-Ifpw, Ic-≠n-Ifpw ]I-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈IpS-ßfpw,
In≠-nIfpw AhnsSbp≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
5. X¶-hn-f°pw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈
hkvXp-°fpw (25:31˛40)
25:31˛39 \ne-hn-f°v Dd-∏p≈ kz¿Æw sIm≠p-≈-
Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\p apIƒ hi-Ømbn Ggp imJ-Iƒ,
AYhm sImºp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-bn¬ Hmtcm∂pw
FÆ Hgn®p IØn°p-∂Xn\v Ipg-em-Wn-bp-sS-ta¬ Xncn-
bp≈ sNdnb Zo]-ßsf hln-®n-cp-∂p. \ne-hn-f-°n-t\m-
Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ Nh-W-Ifpw apdn-®n-Sp∂ Icn-¥n-cn-°-
j-W-߃ CSp∂-Xn-\p≈ ]m{X-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p
(hm. 38,39).
25:40 ]¿∆-X-Øn¬ \evI-s∏´ amXr-I-{]-Imcw Cu
D]-I-c-W-߃ D≠mt°Ww F∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p AXn-
t\m-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ {][m-\-s∏´ GI Bhiyw. Xøm-
sd-Sp-∏n-√msX am\p-joI \ne-bn¬ Imcy-߃ sNøp-hm≥
ChnsS Ah-k-c-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Bflo-b-amb F√m Imcy-
ßsf kw_-‘n®pw A{]-Im-c-am-Wv. ssZhn-I am¿§-
\n¿t±-i-߃ \mw A\p-k-cn-°-Ww. IqSmsX ssZhw
Xs‚ ⁄m\-Øn¬ \evInb amXr-I-bn¬\n∂pw \mw
hyXn-N-en-°bpw Acp-Xv.
kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Ønse F√m D]-I-c-W-ßfpw {]Xm-
]-]q¿Æ-\mb {InkvXp-hn-s\-bm-Wv kwt_m-[\ sNbvXn-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. s]´Iw Ahs‚ ssZh-Xz-sØbpw (s]m-∂v)
a\p-jy-Xz-sØbpw (a-cw) {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
{InkvXp-hns\ \ΩpsS Ir]m-k\w AYhm {]mb-›n-
Ø-am-bmWv Ir]m-k-\w Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv (tdm-a. 3:25)
Pohs‚ A∏-amb {InkvXp-hn-s\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv
Imgv N - b ∏Øns‚ tai. temI- Ø ns‚ shfn- ® - a mb
{InkvXp-hn-s\-bmWv \ne-hn-f°v Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xm{a-
bm-K-]oTw (A. 27) ssZh-Øn-\p-th≠n ]q¿Æ-ambn Zln-
∏n-°-s∏-´v, Zl-\-bm-K-ambn Xo¿∂ {InkvXp-hs‚ \ng-
em-Wv. [q]-]oTw AYhm kz¿Æ-]oTw (A.30) ssZh-
Øn-\m-bp≈ {InkvXp-hns‚ kuc`y-hm-k-\sb Nn{Xo-
I-cn-°p-∂p. {InkvXp-h-N-\-Ømepw sh≈-Ømepw (Xo-
sØm. 3:5; tbml. 13:10; Fs^. 5:26) Xmc-Xayw sNøp-
I). Xs‚ P\sØ ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xns\ {]Xn-\n-[m\w
sNøp-∂-XmWv Xm{a-sØm´n (A.30).
111
6. Xncp-\n-hmkw (A. 26)
26:1˛6 26-˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ Xncp-\n-hm-ksØ Ipdn-
®mWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn\v GI-tZiw \mev]-Øn-
b©p ASn-\o-f-hpw, ]Xn-\©p ASn hoXn-bpw, ]Xn-\©p
ASn Db-chpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p (G-I-tZiw 18 C©v Hcp
apgw F∂ \ne-bn¬ IW-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂p). c≠p-h-ihpw
Atß A‰hpw \nhsc \n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]e-I-Iƒ
sIm≠mWv D≠m- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v . Ah A¥m- g -
߃sIm≠v Dd∏n®v ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
at‰-b-‰Øv AXm-bXv {]th-i-\-`m-KØv XqWp-Iƒ D≠v.
Xncp-\n-hmkw F∂v ChnsS hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂
BZysØ aqSp-]Sw, ]ncn® ]™n-\q¬sIm≠v D≠m-°n-
b-Xpw, AXn¬ \oe-\q¬, [q{a-\q¬, Nph-∏p-\q¬ F∂n-
h- s Im≠v Nn{X- ∏ - W n- b mbn sIcq- _ p- I sf Xp∂n-
t®¿ØXp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]c-kv]cw C-W® A©p-aq-Sp-io-
e-I-fpsS c≠v ASp°v AXn-epƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p. Cu c≠p
ASp-°p-Iƒ s]m∂p-sIm-≠p≈ sImfp-Øp-I-fm¬ ]c-
kv]cw tbmPn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu sImfp-Øp-Iƒ \oe-
\q¬sIm-≠p≈ AºXp IÆn-I-fpambn ImWm-hp∂
hn[- Ø n¬ _‘n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. aqSp- i o- e - b psS
samØ-Øn-ep≈ Afhv 42/60 Bbn-cp-∂p. AXv Xd-
bn¬\n∂pw ]Xn-s\´p C©p A¥¿h¿Øn-bmbn hi-
߃ aqSp-Ibpw apIƒØ´v cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-
cn-°p-∂p.
26:7˛13 aqSp-hn-cn F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ASpØ aqSp-ioe
tImem-´p-tcmaw sIm≠m-bn-cp-∂p D≠m-°n-b-Xv. AºXp
IÆn-I-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°-s∏´ Xm{a-sIm-fp-Øp-I-fm¬
Bdp aqSp-io-e-I-fpsS Hcp ASp-°ns\ A©paq-Sp-io-e-
I-fp≈ Hc-Sp-°p-ambn ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. 45/
66 ASn \of-ap≈ samØw aqSp-io-e, ap≥hiw Hgn-sI-
bp≈ Xncp-\n-hm-k-Øns‚ F√m hi-ß-fnepw Ihn™p
InS-°-Ø-°-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp `mKw ]pd-Ip-h-i-tØ°v
aS-°n-bn-´n-cp-∂p.
26:14 aq∂m- a sØ ]pdw- a q- S n, B´p- s Im- ‰ ≥tXm¬
sIm≠pw \mem-a-tØXv Xl-ip-tXm¬ (ko¬, IS¬∏-
∂n, tUmƒ^n≥ F∂n-h-bpsS tXmem-bpw-hn-h¿Ø\w
sNø-s∏-´n-´p≠v) (25) sIm≠p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Ch-bpsS
Af-hp-Iƒ sImSp-Øn-´n-√, tImem-´p-tcmaw sIm≠p≈
aqSp-io-e-bpsS AtX Af-hm-bn-cn-°Ww Ch-bp-tS-Xpw.
26:15˛30 15-˛25 hmIy-ßf
- n¬ Xncp-\n-hm-kØ
- ns‚ aq∂p-
h-i-ßfpw cq]-h-¬°-cn-°p∂ \nhsc \n¬°p∂ ]e-
I-Isf Ipdn®p {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm ]e-Ibv°pw
]Xn-\©p ASn \of-hpw, ct≠-Im¬ ASn hoXnbpw
D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp JZn-c-a-cw-sIm-≠p-≠m-°n, kz¿Æw
s]mXn-™-Xpw, Nph-Sp-I-fn¬ Dd-∏n-t°-≠-Xn\p c≠p
IpSp-a-Iƒ hoX-ap-≈-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p hi-ß-fn-embn
Ccp-]Xp ]e-I-Iƒ hoX-hpw, ]n≥`m-K-Øv Bdp-]-e-I-
Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n≥`m-KØv aqe-bv°p-th≠n c≠p
{]tXyI ]e-I-Iƒ ]Wn-Xn-cp-∂p. s]m∂p s]mXn™
XSn-sIm-≠p≈ A¥m-g-ß-fmWv ]e-I-Isf X¬ÿm
112 ]pd-∏mSv 26,27,28
\Øv Dd-∏n®p \n¿Øp-∂-Xv. ]e-I-I-fn-ep≈ kz¿Æ-h-f-
b-ß-fn-eqsS Ahsb ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v
A¥m-g-߃ IS-Øn-h-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. \Sp-hn-esØ
A¥mgw ]e-I-bpsS \Sphn¬ Hc-‰-Øp-\n∂pw at‰ A‰-
tØmfw sN√p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. hyXykvX \of-ap≈ c≠p
sNdnb A¥m-g-߃ apIƒh-iØv Hcp A¥m-g-ambn
cq]-s∏-Sp-hm≥ X°hÆw ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-∏n-®n-cp-∂n-
cn-°mw. AXp-t]mse ASn-h-iØpw cs≠Æw H∂m-I-
Ø-°-hÆw ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. ]e-I-Iƒ
]WnXp-≠m-°nb N´-°q-´p-Iƒ Bbn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Nne¿
Nn¥n-°p-∂p.
26:31˛37 Xncp-\n-hm-ksØ AXn¬Xs∂ c≠p apdn-
I-fmbn Xncn-®n-´p-≠v. ap∏-XSn \ofhpw ]Xn-\©v ASn
hoXn-bp-ap≈ AXn-hn-ip-≤-ÿ-e-hpw, ]Xn-\©v ASn
\ofhpw ]Xn-\©v ASn hoXn-bp-ap≈ AXn-]-cn-ip-≤-ÿ-
ehpw (A-Xn-hn-ip-≤w). sIcq-_p-Isf Nn{X-Ø-ø-embn
Xp∂n-t®¿Ø ]ncn® ]™n-\q¬sIm-≠p≈ Hcp Xnc-
»o-e-bm¬ Cu c≠p ÿe-ß-sfbpw XΩn¬ th¿Xn-cn-
®n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. \mep XqWp- I - f n- e mWv Cu Xnc- » oe
Xqßn°n-S-°p-∂-Xv. s]´-Ihpw Ir]m-k-\hpw AXn-]-cn-
ip-≤-ÿ-e-Øm-bn-cp∂p hbvt°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. AtX-k-
abw ImgvN-b-∏-ta-ibpw \ne-hn-f°pw hnip-≤-ÿ-e-Øm-
bn-cp∂p hbvt°-≠n-bn-cp-∂X - v. hnip-≤ÿ - e
- Ø
- p≈ as‰m-
cp-]-IcWw [q]-]oTw am{X-am-bncp∂p (A.30), AXp Xnc-
io-ebv°v ap≥h-i-Øm-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p h®n-cp-∂-Xv. hnip-
≤-ÿ-e-Øn\p sX°p-h-i-Ømbn \ne-hn-f-°pw, tai
hS°p `mK-Ømbpw hbvt°-≠n-bn-cp-∂p. Xnc-»o-ebv°v
kam-\-am-b, Nn{X-Ø-ø¬ ]Wn-bp≈ Hcp ad-bm-bn-cp∂p
Xncp-\n-hm-k-Øns‚ hmXn¬. ]t£ Xm{aw sIm≠p≈
Nph-Sp-I-fn¬ Dd-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ JZn-c-a-cw-sIm≠p ]WnXp
kz¿Æw s]mXn™ A©p XqWp-I-fn-em-bn-cp∂p AXv
Xqßn-°n-S-∂n-cp-∂-Xv.
7. Zl-\-bm-K-Øn-\p≈ Xm{a-bm-K-]oTw (27:1˛8)
Xm{a-bm-K-]oTw F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-S∂ Zl-\-bm-K-Øn-
\p≈ bmK-]oTw JZn-c-a-cw-sIm≠p ]Wn-Xp, Xm{aw
s]mXn-™-Xm-Wv. AXv Ggc ASn ka-N-Xp-c-Øn¬,
\mec ASn Db-c-Øn¬ ]Wn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. AXns‚
\mep tImWnepw ]pd-tØ°p X≈n-\n-ev°p∂ \mep
sImºp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ASn-h-i-Ømbn LSn-∏n-®n-
cp∂ X≠p-Iƒ sIm≠mWv Ah Npa-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
8. {]mIm-cw, XqWp-Iƒ, ad-»oe (27:9˛19)
Xncp-\n-hm-k-Øn\p Np‰p-ambn {]mImcw F∂-dn-b-s∏-
Sp∂ hnkvXr-X-amb Hcp ÿe-ap-≠v. Xm{a-Øq-Wp-Iƒ°p
\Sp-hn-embn \nh¿Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]ncn-®-]-™n-\q¬
sXm߬ sIm≠v CXv AS-®p sI-´nbn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu
AS-®p-sI´en\p 150 ASn \ofhpw 75 ASn hoXnbpw 7.5
ASn Db-chpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ingt° A‰-Øp≈ hmXn-
en\p 30 ASn hoXn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\p Xncp-\n-hm-
k-Ønse Xnc-»oebv°p kam-\-amb Nn{X-Ø-ø-ep≈
]™n-\q¬sIm-≠p≈ ad D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \ma-\n¿t±iw
sNø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xpw A√mØXpamb kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-
c-Ønse D]-I-c-W-߃ Hs°bpw Xm{aw sIm≠m-bn-
cp∂p D≠m-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.
9. \ne-hn-f-°n-\p≈ FÆ (27:20,21)
]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\p {]Xn-cq-]-amb CSn-s®-SpØ sXfn-
hp≈ Hen-sh-Æ-bm-bn-cp∂p \ne-hn-f-°n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-t°-
≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. AXv \nc-¥cw IØn-s°m-≠n-cn-°-W-am-
bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv F√m Znh-khpw {]`mXw apX¬
{]tZmjw hsc km£y- Ø ns‚ kam- K - a - \ - I q- S mcw
AYhm km£y-Øns‚ IqSmcw F∂v ChnsS {]Xn-]m-
Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ IqSmcw ssZh-Øns‚ hmk-ÿ-e-am-
bn-cn-°pw. F∂mhv 33:7¬ AXv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv,
tamsi D≠m- ° nb Xm¬°m- e n- I IqSm- c - t Øm- S p≈
_‘-Øn-em-Wv.
B. ]utcm-lnXyw (28,29 A≤ym-b-߃)
1. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS hkv{X-߃ (A. 28)
28:1,2 alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-s‚bpw Ah-s‚ ]p{X-∑m-cp-
sSbpw hkv{X-ßsf Ipdn-®mWv Cu A≤ym-b-Øn¬ ]d-
™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS t{ijvT alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\mb
{InkvXp-hns‚ _lp-hn[ al-XzsØ Ipdn-®mWv Cu
hkv{X-ß-fpw, Ah-bpsS \nd-ß-fpw, cXv\-ßfpw kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Al-tcms‚ IpSpw-_-am-bn-cp∂p ]utcm-
lnXy IpSpw-_w.
28:3˛29 alm-]p-tcm-ln-X\v c≠p Iq´w hkv{X-ß-fp-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p. (1) al-Xzhpw Ae-¶m-c-hp-ap≈ hkv{Xw.
AXp hf-sc-b-[nIw \ndß-tfmSp IqSn-b-Xpw, k¶o¿Æ-
amb Nn{X-Ø-ø-ep-≈-Xpam-bn-cp-∂p. (2) shfpØ ]™n-
\q¬ sIm≠p≈ hkv{X-߃. BZy-tØ-Xm-Wv ChnsS
{]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv (hm. 2˛4) Gt^mZv (hm.6,7)
ap∂mc-ØpWn (G{]m¨)bv°p kam-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p
Ij-W-߃ XΩn¬ Npa-en¬ tbmPn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-
∂Xpw hi-ß-fn¬ Xpd∂p InS-°p-∂-Xp-amb H∂m-bn-
cp∂p AXv. Nn{X-∏-Wn-bmb \Sp-s°´v (hm.8), Gt^m-
Zns‚ hnfºn\p sXm´p-ap-I-fn-embn Ac-s°-´n\p Np‰p-
ap≈ Hcp s_¬´m-bn-cp-∂p. hne-tb-dnb I√p-Iƒ ]Xn-
°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ÿe-am-bn-cp∂p s]m∂psIm≠p Nn{X-
the sNbvX XS-߃ (hm.13). bn{km-tb¬ tKm{X-ß-
fn¬ Bdp tKm{X-ßf - p-sS-hoXw t]cp sImØ-s∏´ Hmtcm
tKmta-Z-I-°√v Ccp Npa-enepw ÿm]n-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.
Gt^m-Zns‚ ap≥h-i-Øm-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p am¿∏-X-°w.
AXn¬ hne-tb-dnb ]{¥-≠p-I-√p-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
Ah-bn¬ Hmtcm∂pw Hmtcm tKm{X-Øns‚ hoXw t]cv
hln- ® n- c p- ∂ p. am¿∏- X °w kz¿Æ kc- ∏ - f n- s Im≠v
Gt^m-Zp-ambn _‘n-®n-cp∂p (hm. 13-˛28). Aßs\ alm-
]p-tcm-ln-X≥ ssZh-ap-ºmsI bn{km-tb¬ tKm{X-ßsf
Xs‚ Npa-enepw (hm. 12-˛-i-‡n-bpsS ÿm\w) lrZ-b-
Øn- t ∑epw (kv t \- l - _ - ‘ - Ø ns‚ ÿm\w hm.29)
hln®p.
28:30 Cu am¿∏-X°w, \ymb-hn-[n-∏-X°w F∂
 ]pd-∏mSv 28,29
alm-]p-tcm-ln-Xs‚ am¿∏-X-°-Øns‚ Cu X\n-∏-
I¿∏v bn{km-tb¬ tKm{Xw ]{¥-≠n-s\bpw {]Xn-\n-
[o-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ I√p-I-fm¬ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.
Hmtcm I√nepw Hmtcm tKm{X- Ø ns‚ t]cp- I ƒ
sImØ-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.
t]cnepw (hm. 15,29,30) Adn-b-s∏-Sp-hm-\p≈ ImcWw Hcp-
]t£ ssZh-Øns‚ \ymb-hn-[n-Iƒ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂
Ddoapw Xpaoapw (kw-Jy. 27:21) AXn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-
sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw.
{]Im-i]- cn]q¿ÆX F∂mWv ""Ddoapw Xqaoapw''F∂
{]kvXm-h-\-bpsS A¿∞w. Ch F¥m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v
\ap°v IrXy-am-bn-´-dn-bn-√, F∂m¬ (ta¬ hnh-cn-®-{]-
Imcw) Ah am¿∏-X° - t- ØmsS _‘-s∏-´p-≈X
- pw, ssZh-
ج\n∂v \S-Øn∏v e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏´ncp-
∂Xpw (1-i-ap. 28:6) Bbn-cp-∂p-sh∂v \mw Adn-™n-cn-
t°-Ww.
28:31˛35 Gt^m-Zns‚ A¶n \oe-\n-d-Øn-ep≈ Hcp
hkv{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp Gt^m-Zns‚ ASn-bn-embn [cn-
®n-cp-∂p. AXp Im¬ap-´p-Iƒ°p Xmsg hsc \o≠p-In-S-
∂n-cp-∂p. km£y-sØbpw ^e-ß-sfbpw {]Xn-\n-[m\w
sNøp∂ sNdnb aWn-Ifpw amX-f-∏-g-ßfpw AXns‚
hnfp-ºn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Al-tcm≥ hnip≤ ÿe-
tØ°p {]th-in-°p-tºmgpw Ahn-Sp∂p ]pd-tØ°p
t]mIp-tºmgpw Cu aWn-I-fpsS i_vZw tIƒ°p-am-bn-
cp-∂p.
28:36˛38 Xe-∏m-hn¬ AYhm apSn-bn¬, alm-]p-tcm-
ln-X≥ s]m∂p-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp ]´w [cn-®n-cp-∂p. AXn¬
btlm-hbv°p hnip≤w F∂v Bte-J\w sNø-s∏-´n-cp-
113
∂p. AXv Ft∏mgpw Ahs‚ s\‰n-ta¬ D≠m-bn-cn-t°-
Ww. \ΩpsS G‰hpw henb ]pWy-{]-hr-Øn-Iƒt]mepw
]m]-Øm¬ If-¶-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂
hnip≤ hkvXp-°-fpsS Ip‰w kw_-‘n-®m-bn-cp-∂p AXv.
B¿®p-_n-j-∏mb _nth dnUvPv Hcn-°¬ ]d-™n-´p-≈-
Xp-t]mse F\n°v {]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√, ]t£
Rm≥ ]m]w sNøp-∂p.....-Fs‚ hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-cs‚
c‡Øm¬ Fs‚ IÆp-\o¿ Igp-I-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, Fs‚
am\-km-¥cw ]›m-Ø-]n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw thWw26).
28:39˛43 alm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥ \oe A¶n-bpsS ASn-
bn¬ [cn-°p∂ ]™n-\q¬ sIm≠p≈ Hcp Ip∏m-b-am-
bn- c p∂p hnNn- { X- ∏ - W n- b mbn s\bv s X- S pØ D≈- ¶ n.
s\bvsX-SpØ Hcp \Sp-s°´pw AXn-\p-≠m-bn-c-∂p. Al-
tcms‚ ]p{X-∑m¿ al-Xz-Øn\pw Ae-¶m-c-Øn-\p-ambn
sh≈-A-¶n, \Sp-s°-´v, Xe-∏mhv F∂nh [cn-®n-cp∂p
(hm.40). ASn-h-kv{X-ambn Ah¿ NW-\q¬sIm-≠p≈
Im¬®-´bpw [c-®n-cp-∂p. Ah¿ Xe-ap-X¬ s\cn-bm-Wn-
hsc hkv{Xw [cn-®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ah-cpsS Im¬]m-
Z-߃ aqS-s∏-´n-cp-∂n√ ImcWw Ah¿ hnip-≤-ÿ-e-
ØmWv btlm-hbv°v ip{iqj sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
∂Xv (hm. 3:5). Ic-]q-cWw F∂p hnh¿Ø\w sNø-
s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ (hm.41) hm°ns‚ A£-cn-Im¿∞w Iøv
\nd-bv°pI F∂mWv (A-Xm-bXv hgn-]m-Sp-sIm≠p ssI
\nd-bv°p-I).
2. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpsS ip≤o-I-cWw (A.29)
29:1˛9 ssZhw Al-tcm-s\bpw Ahs‚ ]p{X-∑m-
scbpw BZysØ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cmbn hmgn-®p. AXn-\p-
tijw ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-Im-\p≈ GI-am¿§w ]utcm-lnXy
tKm{X-Ønepw IpSpw-_-Ønepw P\n-°pI F∂p-≈Xp
am{X- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. k`- b n¬ ]ptcm- l n- X - \ m- I m- \ p≈
GIam¿§w ho≠pw P\n-°pI F∂p-≈-XmWv (sh-fn.
1:5,6). a\-jysc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑msc
hmgn-°p-∂Xv tIhew am\p-joI Iev]-\-{]-Im-c-am-Wv.
ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-
\-߃ tehy. 8˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn-emWv {]mh¿Øn-I-am-
°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv, ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS ip≤o-I-cWw Gsd-
°psd IpjvT-tcm-Kn-Isf ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-t\mSp kam-
\-amWv (te-hy. 14). Cu c≠p Imcy-Ønepw bmK-c‡w
B hy‡n-bpsS ta¬ ]pc-t´-Ww. ssZh-tØm-S-Sp-Øp-
sN-√p-∂-Xn\p apºv ]m]n-bmb a\p-jy\p Bh-iy-amb
{]mb-›n-Ø-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
1˛3 hmIy-ß-fn¬ hgn-]m-Sn-\p-th≠ hkvXp-°-sf-°p-
dn-®mWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-bpsS D]-tbm-K-kw-
_-‘-am-bp≈ hni-Z-amb \n¿t±-i-߃ ]n∂oSp \evI-
s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS ip≤o-I-c-W-Ønse
BZy-]Sn Al-tcm-s\bpw ]p{X-∑m-scbpw kam-K-a\
IqSm-c-Øns‚ hmXn¬°¬h®v sh≈w-sIm≠p Igp-IpI
F∂-XmWv (hm.4). c≠m-a-tØ-Xv, ap≥ A≤ym-b-Øn¬
{]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ hkv{X-߃ Al-tcms\ [cn-
∏n-°pI F∂p-≈-XmWv(hm.5,6) AXn-\p-tijw A`n-tj-
114 ]pd-∏mSv 29,30
I-ssXew D]-tbm-Kn®p Ahs\ A`n-tjIw sNøp∂p
(hm.7). ]n∂oSv ]p{X-∑msc Ah-cpsS ]utcm-lnXy A¶n-
Iƒ [cn-∏-°p∂p (hm.8,9).
29:10˛21 A\-¥cw aq∂p hgn-]m-Sp-Iƒ A¿∏n-°p-∂p,
]m]-bm-K-Øn\p th≠n Hcp Imf (hm. 10-˛14) Zl-\-bm-
K-Øn-\p-th≠n Hcp B´p-sIm-‰≥ (hm.15˛18) ip≤o-I-c-
W-Øn-\p≈ B´p-sIm-‰≥ (hm. 19-˛21). hgn-]m-Smb Hcp
bmK-ar-K-Øns‚ Xe-ta¬ ssIh-bv°p-∂Xp AXn-t\mSp
XmZmflyw {]m]n-°p-∂X - n\p kqNn-∏n-°p-Ibpw bmKm¿∏-
I\p ]I-c-am-bn-´mWv Cu arKw NmIp-∂-sX∂v Nq≠n-
°mWn°pIbpw sNøp∂(hm.10). Xo¿®-bmbpw ]m]-ß-
fpsS {]mb-›n-Ø-Øn\p th≠n sNmcn-bs∏´ {InkvXp-
hns‚ c‡-Øn\p {]Xn-cq-]a - m-bn-cp∂p c‡w. arK-Øns‚
Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ `mK-ambn taZ v Icp-X-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xp-
sIm-≠m-Wv, AXp ssZh-Øn\p A¿∏n-®n-cp-∂Xv (hm.13).
BZysØ B´p-sIm-‰≥ bmK-]o-T-Øn-t∑¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn
Zln-∏n-°s∏´p (hm.15˛18). CXv ssZh-ap-ºm-sI-bp≈
{InkvXp-hns‚ ]q¿Æ-k-a¿∏-W-sØbpw Xs‚ Poh≥
kºq¿Æ-ambn ssZh-Øn\p bmK-am-b¿∏-n®Xn-s\-bp-
amWv kqNn∏n-°p-∂-Xv. c≠m-asØ B´p-sIm-‰s‚ c‡w
(ip-≤o-Ic - W
- Ø
- ns‚ B´p-sIm-‰≥) Al-tcms‚ hetØ
ImXnepw hetØ Imens‚ s]cp-hn-c-enepw ]pc-´p-Ibpw
(hm.20) Ah-cpsS hkv{X-ß-fn¬ Xfn-°p-Ibpw thW-
am-bn-cp∂p (hm.21). a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ F√m taJ-e-
I-fnepw ˛ ssZh-h-N\w A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-Sp≈
_‘-Øn¬ sNhn, {]hrØn AYhm ip{iqj sNøp-
∂-Xn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ ssI, \S-°m≥ AYhm
Zn\Ncy- I ƒ°p th≠n- b p≈ ]mZ- ß ƒ˛ ]m]Øn¬
\n∂pw ip≤o-I-cWw {]m]n-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-
bmWv CXp Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. ]ptcm-ln-Xs‚ at\m-
l-ca- mb hkv{X-ßf - n¬ c‡w Xfn-°W - s- a-∂p-≈Xv hnNn-
{X-ambn tXm∂n-tb-°mw. ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-c‡w am\p-jn-
I-Zr-jvSn-I-fn¬ BI¿j-I-ambn tXm∂m-Xn-cp-t∂-°mw.
F∂m¬ ssZh-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ AXv XnI®pw AXy-¥m-t]-
£n-X-amb Hcp Imcy-am-Wv.
29:22˛34 A\-¥cw bmK-Øn-\p-th≠ hkvXp-°ƒ
]ptcm ln-X-∑m-cpsS ssII-fn¬ \nd-®-tijw Aßs\
Ahsc bmK-a¿∏n-°p-hm≥ A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw
ssZhw tamsi-tbmSp Iev]n®p (hm. 22-˛28). BZysØ
hgn-]mSv (hm. 22-˛25) btlm-h-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ \ocm-
P\w sNbvX-tijw tlma-bm-K-]o-T-Øn-t∑¬ Zln-∏n-®p.
B´p-sIm-‰s‚ s\©v btlm-h-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ Hcp-
]s£ kam-¥-c-am-bn´v \ocm-P\w sNø-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.
ssI°p-dI - v As√-¶n¬ XpS ssZh-k∂ - n-[n-bn¬ Db¿Øp-
∂Xv ew_-am-bn-´m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. AXn-
\p-tijw Cu c≠p `m-K-ßfpw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpsS `£-
Wm-h-iy-߃°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂p (hm. 26˛28).
\ocmP\w sNø-s∏´ s\©v \tΩm-Sp≈ {InkvXp-hns‚
kvt\l-sØbpw Db¿Ø-s∏´ ssI°p-dIv \ap-°p-th-
≠n \o´-s∏´ Xs‚ i‡n-sbbpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂p.
]utcm-lnXyw ]nXm-hn¬\n∂pw ]p{X-\n-te°v ssIam‰w
sNø- s ∏- S p- ∂ - X p- s Im≠v Al- t cms‚ hkv { X- ß ƒ
Ahs‚ Ime-tijw Ahs‚ ]p{X-∑m¿°p-≈-Xm-bn-
cp∂p (hm. 29,30). 31-˛34 hsc-bp≈ hmIy-ß-fn¬ ]ptcm-
ln-X-∑m-cpsS `£-WsØ Ipdn®pw Ah Xøm-dm-t°≠
hn[-sØ-°p-dn-®p-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
29:35˛46 F√m Znh-khpw bmK-߃ Bh¿Øn-°-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw, bmK-]oTw c‡-Øm¬ ip≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
A`n- t j- I - s sX- e w- s Im≠v A`n- t jIw sNøp- I bpw
sNbvXp-sIm≠v ip≤o-I-c-W-®-Sßn Ggp-Zn-hkw \o≠p-
\n-∂n-cp∂p (hm. 35-˛37). At∏mƒ apX¬ Hcp hb p
{]mb-ap≈ c≠p B´n≥Ip-´n-Isf H∂ns\ cmhn-sebpw
a‰-Xns\ sshIp-t∂-chpw F∂ coXn-bn¬ Znh-tk\ Zl-
\- b m- K - Ø n- \ p≈ bmK- ] o- T - Ø n- t ∑¬ A¿∏n- ° p- h m≥
]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-tcmSv Bh-iy-s∏´p (hm. 38-˛42) kam-K-
a\ IqSm-c-Øn¬ Xs‚ P\-Øn\p {]Xy-£-\m-Ip-sa∂pw
Ah-cpsS at[y hkn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°p ssZh-am-bn-cn-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂p≈ hmKvZØw ssZhw \evIn (hm.
43˛46).
C. kam- K - a \ IqSm- c sØ kw_- ‘ n- ® p≈
IqSp-X¬ \n¿t±-i-߃ (A. 30,31)
1. [q]-]oTw (30:1˛10)
XSn-sIm≠v \n¿Ωn®v s]m∂p-s]m-Xn™ Hcp bmK-
]o-T-amWv [q]-]o-Tw. AXp hnip-≤-ÿ-eØv ÿnXn-sN-
øp-∂p. AXv ]Xn-s\´p C©p ka-N-Xp-c-Øn-ep-≈Xpw
aq∂v ASn Db-c-ap-≈-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. kz¿Æ-bm-K-]oTw
F∂pw AXp hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Cu bmK-]o-T-Øn¬
cmhn-sebpw sshIp-t∂-chpw kpK-‘-h¿§w IØn-t°-
W-am-bn-cp-∂p. \ap-°p-th≠n {InkvXp a≤y-ÿ-X-b-W-
°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv AXp Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu bmK-
]oTw hnip-≤-ÿ-eØv Bbn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-epw, F{_m-b-
te-J-I≥ AXp c≠mw Xnc-io-ebv° ]n∂n-em-bn-´m-bn-
cp-∂p-sh∂v kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw (F-{_m. 9:3)
AXp AXn-hn-ip-≤-\m-b-h-\p-am-bn AXy-[n-I-ambn _‘-
s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. F{_m-b-`m-j-bnse Cu ]ZsØ [q]-I-
eiw F∂pw hnh¿Ø\w sNømw (27). h°n-\p-Iosg
Ccp]p-d-hp-ap≈ hf-b-ß-fn-eqsS IS-Ønh-®n-cn-°p∂
X≠p-]-tbm-Kn-®m-bn-cp∂p AXv Npa-∂p-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn-
cp-∂-Xv.
2. hos≠-Sp-∏p-hne (30:11˛16)
Ccp-]-Xn\pw AXn\p apI-fnepw {]mb-ap≈ F√m
bn{km-tb-¬ ]pcp-j-∑mcpw Xm¥ms‚ Poh\p {]mb-›n-
Ø-ambn Ac-ti-°¬ hoXw sImSp-°-W-sa∂v ssZhw
Iev]n-®p. [\-hm\pw Zcn-{Z\pw Hcp-t]mse \evtI-≠n-
bn-cp∂ Cu hne P\-kwJy FSp-°p-tºm-gm-bn-cp∂p
CuSm- ° n- b n- c p- ∂ - X v . AXv kam- K - a \ IqSm- c - Ø nse
ip{iqjm sNe-hp-Iƒ°m-bn´v D]-tbm-Kn®n-cp-∂p. AXn-
\m¬ _m[-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ kwc-£Ww Dd-∏m-°-s∏-´n-
cp∂p (hm.12). kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Ønse ]e-I-Isf Xmßn-
\n¿Øp∂ sh≈n-®p-h-Sp-Iƒ D≠m-°p-hm-\m-bn-cp∂p
{]mcw`-Øn¬ Ah D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. sh≈n \ΩpsS
hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-amb hos≠-Sp-∏n-s\-bmWv
 ]pd-∏mSv 30,31
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. hos≠-Sp∏v F√m-h¿°pw Bh-iy-am-
Wv, AtX Htc \n_-‘-\-{]-Imcw F√m-h¿°pw e`y-
hp-am-Wv.
3. Xm{a-sØm´n (30:17˛21)
kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-Øn\pw bmK-]o-T-Øn\pw at[y-bm-
bn-cp∂p Xm-{a-sØm´n h®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿°v
Ah-cpsS ssIIm-ep-Iƒ Igp-Ip-hm≥ D]-tbm-K-s∏-´n-cp∂
]c∂ Hcp ]m{X-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. kv{XoIƒ kw`m-h-\-
bmbn \evInb Xm{a-Z¿∏-W-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®m-bn-cp-∂p
AXp \n¿Ωn-®Xv (38:8). AXns‚ Af-hp-Is - fm∂pw \evI-
s∏-´n-´n-√. GXp ]ptcm-ln-X\pw ssIIm¬ Igp-ImsX
hnip-≤-h-kvXp-°ƒ ssIImcyw sNbvXm¬ Ah≥ ac-
W-tbm-Ky-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-kw-_-‘-amb GXp
ip{iq-jbv°pw {]th-in-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv \mw Bflo-b-
ambpw [m¿Ωn-I-ambpw ip≤-cm-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v CXv Kuc-
h-ambn \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂p (F-{_m. 10:22ImWp-I).
4. A`n-tj-IssXew (30:22˛23)
kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-chpw AXnse D]-I-c-W-ßfpw ]ptcm-
ln-X-∑m¿ Xß-sf-Ø-s∂bpw A`n-tjIw sNøp-hm≥,
Hcp hnip≤ A`n-tj-I-ssX-e-am-bn-cp∂p D]-tbm-Kn-®n-
cp-∂-Xv. as‰mcp Imcy-Øn\pw AXp D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥
]mSn-√. Xncp-shgpØn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw ssXew ]cn-ip-≤m-
flm-hns‚ Hcp \ng-em-Wv. ssZhn-I-amb F√m ip{iq-j-
I-fnepw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ Ae-¶-cWw Bh-iy-am-
sW∂v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS A`n-
tj-Iw.
5. [q]-h¿§w (30:34˛38)
]e-hn[kpK-‘-h-kvXp-°-fp-]-tbm-Kn®p D≠m-°nb
Hcp kpK-‘-{Z-hy-am-bn-cp∂p [q]-h¿§w. AXv cmhn-
sebpw sshIp-t∂-chpw kz¿Æ-[q-]-]o-T-Øn¬ IØn-
°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p. ssXew-t]m-se-Xs∂ CXpw
kz¥ Bh-iy-߃°mbn D≠m-°p-hmt\m, [q]-]o-T-Øn-
e-√msX as‰-hn-sS-sb-¶nepw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hmt\m ]mSn-
√m-bn-cp-∂p.
6. ka¿∞-cmb inev]n-Iƒ (31:1˛11)
kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-chpw AXnse D]-I-c-W-ßfpw \n¿Ωn-
°p-∂X - n-\mbn Akm-[m-cW Ign-hp-If
- p≈ inev]n-If
- mb
s_kte-en-s\bpw (28) Hslmenbm_n-s\bpw ssZhw
\nb-an-®p. hnip-≤-amb Cu kwcw-`Øn¬ a‰p tPmen-
°m¿ Ch-cpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn-emWv the-sN-bvXXv (hm.
6b) Rm≥ F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ Cu `mK-Øp≈ Bh¿Ø-
\w, ssZhnI Iev]-\-tbm-sSm∏w ssZhn-I-amb {]m]vXn
bpw \evI-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. ssZhw
the-°msc \nb-an-®n-´v, Ah¿°v {]m]vXnbpw _p≤n-ssh-
`-hhpw \evIn-b-Xn\p-tijw am{Xta Ahsc Xs‚ \ma-
a-l-Xz-Øn-\mbn Hcp the Gev]n-°p-I-bp≈p (hm.6).
the-sb√mw ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv. a\p-jys\ tlXp-
hm°n Ah-\Xv ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂p, F∂n´v Xs‚ {]Xn-
\n-[n-Iƒ°v {]Xn-^ew \evIp-∂p.
115
7. i∫Øp kw_-‘-amb AS-bmfw (31:12˛18)
31:12˛17 ssZh-Øn\pw bn{km-tb-en\pw at[y-bp≈
Hcp AS-bm-f-am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p i∫Øv A\p-jvTn-®n-cp-∂-
Xv. Ggmw Znkw bmsXm-cp-th-ebpw AXm-bXv kam-K-a-
\-Iq-Sm-c-Øns‚ ]Wn-t]mepw sNøp-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-bn-
cp∂p. A\p-k-c-W-t°-Sn\v ac-W-in£ \evI-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.
31:18 Cu Ah-k-c-Øn-emWv ssZh-Øns‚ \nb-a-߃
˛ AXm-bXv ]Øp Iev]-\-Iƒ sImØnb c≠p Iev]-
e-I-Iƒ ssZhw tamsibv°p \evIn-b-Xv (B-h. 10:4 Xmc-
Xayw sNøp-I).
kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw: {InkvXp-hns\ kw_-‘n-®p≈
ssZh-Øns‚ Nn{Xw
kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn {InkvXp-hn-s\-
°p-dn-®mWv kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv. hN\w PU-am-bn Xo¿∂p.
\Ωp- s S- b n- S - b n¬ hkn®p (“tabernacled”) (tbml.
1:14,{Ko°v) (29). ssZh-Øns‚ c£m-]-≤-Xnbpw XXv^-
e-am-bp-≠mb hnizm-kn-bpsS Pohn-Xhpw ip{iq-jbpw
Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-hm-\mbpw CXp D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
F∂m¬ AXv c£-Wy-]-≤Xn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh-
¶nepw ssZh-hp-ambn t\c-sØ-Xs∂ DS-ºSn _‘w D≈
P\-Øn\p am{Xta AXv \evIn-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. c£m-am¿§w
Hcp-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°m-fp-]cn _mly-amb BNm-c-am-en-\y-ß-
fn¬ \n∂p ip≤o-I-cWw {]m]n®v Bcm-[-\-bn¬ ssZh-
tØm-S-SpØp hcp-hm≥ P\-Øn\p Fßs\ Ign-bp-sa-
∂-Xn\p D]m[n kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂p.
kam- K - a - \ - I q- S m- c hpw AXn- t \mSp _‘- s ∏- ´ p≈
ip{iq-j-Ifpw kz¿§-Øn-ep≈ Imcy-ß-fpsS ]I¿∏m-bn-
cp∂p (F-{_m. 8:5, 9:23,24). kz¿§-Øn¬ LS\m]chpw
hmkvXp-hn-Zy-{]-Im-ca - p≈ Hcp kmZr-iyw D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww
F∂v AXn-\¿∞-an-√. F∂m¬ kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw kz¿§-
Ønse Bflob bmYm¿∞y-ß-fmWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-
Xv, Cu kmZr-iy-߃ {i≤n-°pI.
sFln-I-amb IqSmcw ˛ kz¿§o-bamb IqSmcw-
(F-{_m. 9:1˛5) (F-{_m. 8:2;9:11˛15)
AXn-hn-ip≤w ˛ AXn-hn-ip-≤-\mb ssZh-
(F-{_m.9:3b) Øns‚ km∂n≤yw(F{_m.
10:20)
Xnc»o-e(-F-{_m.9.36) ˛ {InkvXp-hns‚ tZl-sa∂ Xnc-
»oe(F-{_m.10.20)
arK-ß-fpsS c‡w ˛ {InkvXp-hns‚ c‡w
(F-{_m. 9:13) (F-{_m. 9:14)
bmK-]oTw ˛ {InkvXp \ΩpsS bmK-]oTw
(F-{_m. 7:13; (F-{_m. 13:10)
]pd. 27:1˛8)
alm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥ ˛ {InkvXp \ΩpsS t{ijvT alm-
(F-{_m. 5:1˛4) ]p-tcm-ln-X≥
(F-{_m. 4:14,15; 5:5˛10; 7:20˛28; 8:1;10:21)
116 ]pd-∏mSv 31

bmK-߃ ˛ {InkvXp \ΩpsS bmKw am-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bn-cp∂p bmK-]o-T-Øn-\p≈ ÿew.

{InkvXp-hns‚ Im¬h-dn-{Iq-in-s\-bmWv AXv {]Xn-\n-
(F-{_m. 10:1˛4,11) (F-{_m. 9:23˛28; 10:12)
[m\w sNøp-∂Xv (F-{_m. 9:14,22). ]m]n ssZhsØ A`n-
\nb-a-s∏-´Iw ˛ Ir]m-k\w ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Bcw`n-t°-≠Xv ChnsS \n∂m-Wv.
(F-{_m. 9:4) (F-{_m. 4:16) bmK-]oTw acp-`q-an-bnse Agp-ImØ Dd-∏p≈ XSn-bmb
JZn-c-a-chpw Xm{ahpw sIm≠p-≠m-°n-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
[q]-]oTw ˛ kz¿§-Ønse [q]-]oTw Xm{aw \ymb-hn-[n-sb-°p-dn®pw XSn {InkvXp-hns‚ ]m]-
(F-{_m. 9:4) (sh-fn. 8:3) an-√mØXpw Aip-≤n-bn-√m-Ø-Xp-amb a\p-jy-XzsØ
Ipdn-®p-amWv kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]m]w Adn-bm-Ø-h≥
{]mIm-c-Øn-\p-cq]w \evIp∂ ]™n-\q¬a-d-Iƒ \ΩpsS ]m]-߃ aqew ssZh-Øns‚ \ymb-hn[n kln-
(150-ASnx 75 ASn) t°-≠n-h∂p (2-sIm-cn. 5:21).
]ncn® sh≈ ]™n-\q¬ D]-tbm-Kn®v D≠m-°n-bn- arKsØ hbv ° p- ∂ - X n\v Xmtg°p ]IpXn `mK-
cp∂ ad-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ XnI™ \oXnsb {]Xn-\n- tØmfw Agn®p acpØp s]m≈-bmb Hcp-]-I-c-Wambn-
[o-I-cn-°p-∂p. AXn\p Ggc ASn Db-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. cp∂p bmK-]o-Tw. AXn\p Xm{aw s]mXn™ \mep
AXn\p apI-fn-eqsS a\p-jy\p AI-ta-bp≈Xp ImWp- sImºp-Iƒ Hmtcm aqe-bnepw HscÆw hoX-ap-≠m-bn-
hm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ Hcp then-bmbn AXp cq]- cp∂p (]p-d. 27:2) Cu sImºp-I-fn¬ ImW-Ø°-hn-[-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂p. \oXn kw_-‘-amb ssZhnI am\-Z- Øn-em-bn-cp∂p bmK-ar-KsØ sI´n-bn-cp-∂Xv (k-¶o.
fi-Øn-te°v FØn-t®-cp-hm-\p≈ a\p-jys‚ ]cm- 118:27b). \ΩpsS c£-Is\ Im¬hdn {Iqin¬ _‘n-
PbsØbpw (tdm-a.3:23) ssZhoI Imcy-߃ ImWp- ®Xv Ibtdm BWntbm Bbn-cp-∂n-√, adn®v \tΩm-Sp≈
hmt\m a\- n-em-°p-hmt\m D≈ ]m]n-bpsS Ign-hn-√m- \nXy-kvt\-l-am-bn-cp-∂p.
bva-tbbpw (1-sIm-cn. 2:14) CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Xm{a-®p-
h- S p- I - f n¬ Dd- ∏ n- ® n- c n- ° p∂ 56 XqWp- I - f m¬ t\sc bn{km-tb-ey-\mb Hcph≥ Zl-\-bmKw A¿∏n-°p-
\nh¿Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ adbv°v sh≈n-s°mfpØp-Ifpw tºmƒ, bmK-ar-K-Øns‚ Xe-bn¬ ssIh®v AXn-t\mSp
\mS-Ifpw D≠v. XmZmflyw {]m]n-°bpw AXn-\p-tijw B arKw X\n-
°p-th≠n acn-°p-sa∂v ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. AXp
hmXn¬ _Z-em-bp≈ Hcp bmK-am-bn-cp-∂p. arKw sIm√s∏´v
{]mIm-c-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Hcp-h\v AXns‚ c‡w sNmcn-bp-∂Xp apt∂m´p Nq≠n-°m-Wn-
hmXn-en-eqsS IS-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-Øn-¶-te-°p≈ °p-∂-Xv. {InkvXp-hns‚ c‡-sØ-bm-Wv, {InkvXp-hns‚
GI-am¿§w {InkvXp-am-{X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- p-t]mse {]thi- c‡-Øm-e-√msX ]m]-߃ £an-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√ (F-{_m.
\- Ø n\p Hscm- ‰ - am¿§w am{Xta D≠m- b n- c p- ∂ p≈p 9:22).
(tbml. 6:37;F{_m. 7:25). tXm¬ Hgn-sIbp≈ _m°n `mK-ß-sf√mw bmK-]o-
hmXn-em-bn-cp∂ ad, sh≈-]-™n-\q¬sIm-≠p-≠m- T-Øn¬ Zln-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw ImW-s∏-Sp∂Xp
°n, \oe-\q¬, Nph-∏p-\q¬, [q{a-\q¬ F∂n-h-sIm≠v t]mse Chn-sSbpw {]Xncq]w XI¿°-s∏-Sp-∂p, ImcWw
Nn{X-∏-Wn-sN-bvX-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. \mep kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ Im¬h-dn-bn¬ ssZhln-X-Øn\p {InkvXp ]q¿Æ-ambpw
]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ CXp {InkvXp- ka¿∏n-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. {InkvXp-hns‚ {]hr-Øn-bn-ep≈
hns\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ kwXr]vXn \sΩ Hm¿∏n-°p∂
hfsc \√ kuc`y-ap≈ Hcp bmK-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
[q{aw ˛ aØmbn ˛ cmPmhv IqSmsX bmKm¿∏-Is\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]m]-\n-
(aØm. 2:2) hr-Ønbpw AXn-\m¬ e`n-®n-cp-∂p.
Nph∏v ˛ a¿s°mkv ˛ Zmk≥ Xm{a-sØm´n
sbi. 1:8¬ ISpw-Np-h∏nt\mSp Zr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn- kv{XoIƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ Z¿∏-W-ß-fpsS Xm{aw
°p∂ ]m]߃ kw-_-‘n®p IjvS-a-\p`hn-°p∂ Ffn- sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p Xm{a-sØm´n \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´Xv (]p-d.
b-Zm-k≥ 38:8). kz¥w Xr]vXn-bv°p-th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ B
sh≈ ˛ eqt°mkv ˛ km[- \ - ß ƒ, Hcp IW- ° n¬ ]d- ™ m¬ Ah- c psS
]q¿Æ-a-\p-jy≥ (eq-s°m. 3:22) PUoI kwXr-]vXnbv°p klmb-I-am-bn-cp∂ B hkvXp-
°ƒ Ah¿ ssIamdn F∂mWv sP F®v. {_u¨ A`n-
\oe ˛ tbml-∂m≥ ˛
{]m-bs - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂X
- v. Bcm-[\
- b
- v°p-ap-tº Hcp kzb-tim-
kz¿§o-b≥ (tbm-l. 3:13)
[\ A\n-hm-cy-amWv (1-sIm-cn. 11:31).
Zl-\-bm-K-Øn-\p≈ Xm{a-bm-K-]oTw (7½ ASn ka-
Xm{a-sØm´n ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿°p th≠n-bp-≈-Xm-bn-
N-Xpcw 4½ ASn Db-cw)
cp-∂p. ip{iq-j-bv°p-th≠n ip≤o-I-cWw {]m]n-°p-∂-
{]mIm-c-Øn-\p-≈nse BZysØ hkvXp bmK-]o-T- Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-bmWv AXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (sb-
 ]pd-∏mSv 31
i. 52:11). ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS HutZym-KnI ]Z-
Øn- t e°p {]- t h- i n- ° p∂ Ah- k - c - Ø n¬ Hcn- ° ¬
]q¿Æ-ambpw Igp-I-s∏-´ h-cmWv (te-hy. 8:6). AXn-\p-
tijw ]Xn-hmbn Ah¿°v ssIIm-ep-Iƒ am{Xw Igp-
tI≠ Bh-iyta D≠mbn-cp-∂p-≈p. Hcp kv\m\w ]e
ip≤o-I-c-W-߃. C∂v F√m hnizm-kn-Ifpw ]ptc-ln-
X-∑m-cmWv (1]-s{Xm.2:5,9). ho≠pw P\-\-Øns‚ kv\m\w
Hcn-°¬ am{Xta \ap-°m-h-iy-ap-≈p. (tbml. 3:5; 13:10;
XosØm. 3:5). F∂m¬ \mw ÿnc- a mbn \ΩpsS
ssIIfpw (ip-{iq-j-bv°m-bn) Imep-Ifpw (ssZ-hn-I-]-
≤-Xn-bn¬ \S-°p-hm≥) Igp-tI-≠-Xp≠v (tbm-l. 13:10).
ssZh-h-N-\-am-Ip∂ sh≈aptbm-Kn-®mWv \mw AXp
sNøp-∂Xv (k-¶o. 119:9˛11; tbml. 15:3; Fs^. 5:26).
Xm{asØm-´nbv°v ssIIƒ Igp-Ip-hm≥ apIƒ`m-K-
Øm-bn´v Hcp ]m{Xhpw ImepIƒ Igp-Ip-hm≥ ASn-h-i-
Ømbn Hsc-Æhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°m≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v.
Xm{a-sØm-´n-bpsS IrXy-amb cq]tam Afthm ss__n-
fn¬ ]d-™n-´n-√.
Xncp-\nhmkw (15 ASn x 45 ASn)
_m-ly-B¿`m-S-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√m-Ø-Xm-bn-cp∂p Xncp-\n-
hm-k-Øns‚ cq]-L-S-\, F∂m¬ AXv AIta at\m-
l-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. AI-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ F√m hkvXp-°fpw
s]m∂p s]mXn-™-tXm, Nn{X-Ø-ø-ep-≈tXm Bbn-cp-
∂p. \Ωp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ hkn-°p∂ (tabernacled) {InkvXp-
hn- s \- b mWXv kqNn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ Xv (tbm- l . 1:14). \mw
Ahs\ B{K-ln-°-Ø-°-hÆw bmsXmcp kuµ-cyhpw
]pdta Ah-\n¬ C√m-bn-cp∂p (sb-i. 53:2b). F∂m¬
AIta Ah≥ F√mw-sIm≠pw BI¿j-Wo-b-\m-Wv.
Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-{]-Imcw A-I-Øp-\n∂pw ]pd-tØ°v
F∂ {Ia-Øn¬ \mep aqSp-hn-cn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂p
Nn{X-Ø-ø-ep≈ ]™n-\q¬ ˛ {InkvXp-hns‚
\oXnbpw at\m-l-c-X-bpw
tImem-´p-tcmaw ˛ \ap- ° p- t h≠n _en-
bm-Smbn Xo¿∂ {InkvXp-hns‚ {]mb-›nØw
Nph-∏n® B´p-sIm-‰≥tXm¬ ˛ {InkvXp-aq-e-
ap≈ ip≤o-I-cWw (ip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ B´p-sIm-‰-
\pambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I (]p-d. 29:19-˛22)
Xl-ip-tXm¬ ˛ IS¬∏- ∂ n, tUmƒ^n≥,
IS¬∏ip F∂n-h-bpsS tXm¬ F∂pw CXv hnh¿Ø\w
sNø-s∏-´n-´p≠v. Ch kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-csØ {]Ir-Xn-i-
‡n- I - f n¬\n∂pw kwc- £ n- ° p- ∂ p. {Inkv X p Xs‚
P\sØ ]pd-ta-bp≈ i{Xp-°-fn¬\n∂pw ImØp-kq-£n-
°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
]e-I-Iƒ
bYm¿∞ ]e-I-I-sf-°mƒ D]cn Ch ]Wn-sX-SpØ
N´-°qSp-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv Nne¿ Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xv.
F¥m-bmepw Bflm-hn¬ H∂n®p ]Wn-Xp-hcp∂ ssZh-
Øns‚ \nhmk-amb (F-s^. 2:22) hnizm-kn-I-sf-bmWv
117
Ah Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah JZn-c-a-cw-sIm-≠p-≠m°n
s]m∂p s]mXn-™-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS a\pjy-Xz-
sØbpw {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ \ΩpsS ]Z-hn-tb-bpamWv
AXp ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-\n-emWv ssZhw \sΩ ImWp-
∂-Xv. ]e-I-Iƒ°v ]Xn-\©v ASn Db-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
Ah s]m∂p-s]m-Xn™ kam-¥-c-am-bp≈ A©p A¥m-
g-߃sIm≠v ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-cp∂p (]p-d.
26:26˛28). ]e-I-I-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-h-bn¬ \Sp-hn-
ep≈ A¥m-gw, Hcp-]t£ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\p \ng-em-
bn-cn-°mw. c≠p sh≈n-®p-h-Sp-I-fn-ep≈ IpSp-a-IƒsIm-
≠mWv Hmtcm ]e-Ibpw AX-Xns‚ ÿm\Øv \n¿Øn-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. sh≈n hos≠-Sp-∏n-s\-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xv (1-ti-°¬sh≈n {]mb-›n-Ø-hn-e-bmb ]pd. 30:15
ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I). {InkvXp-hns‚ hos≠-Sp-∏p-
th-e-bmWv Hcp hnizm-kn-bpsS ASn-ÿm\w (1-]-s{Xm.
1:18,19).
hnip-≤-ÿew
ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Iq´m-bva-bpsS am¿§amb {InkvXp-
hns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv hnip≤ ÿe-tØ°p \bn-
°p∂ Xnc-»oe (F-s^. 2:18; 3:12). hnip-≤-ÿ-eØv Hcp
Itk-c-t]mepw C√m-bn-cp-∂p. ImcWw ]ptcm-ln-Xs‚
{]hr-Øn Hcn-°e - pw ]q¿Øo-Ic
- n-°s
- ∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. {InkvXp-
hns‚ Hcn-°-em-bn-´p≈ {]hrØn (F-{_m. 10:12) bpambn
AXns\ Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I.
ImgvN-b-∏-Øns‚ tai (h-S-°p-h-i-Øv, 36 C©p
\ofw, 18 C©p-ho-Xn, 27 C©v Db-cw)
JZn-c-a-c-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´v s]m∂p s]mXn™
tai, \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hns‚ a\p-jy-Xz-sØbpw ssZh-
Xz-sØbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]pfn-∏n-√mØ ]{¥≠v A∏-
߃ tai-∏p-dØp D≠m-bn-cp∂p; {InkvXp-hp-am-bp≈
kl-hm-k-Øn¬ ssZh-ap-ºmsI {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-
P-\-sØ-bmWv AXp {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Inco-S-[m-
cn-bmb tXP- v°-cn-°s∏´ {InkvXp-hn-\m¬ \mw kpc-
£n-X-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse A∏w c≠p kz¿Æ-In-co-
S-ß-fm¬ Np‰-s∏´ \ne-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
\ne-hn-f°v (sX-°p-h-i-Øv, Af-hp-Iƒ \evI-s∏-
´n-´n-√, Xq°w 75 ]u≠v)
CXv kz¿Æw-sIm≠v ASn-∏p-]-Wn-bmbn \n¿Ωn-®-Xm-
bn-cp-∂p. AXn-s\mcp ASn-Ø-dbpw AXn¬ \n∂pw Db-
cp∂ Hcp X≠pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu X≠n¬\n∂pw Ggp
inJ-c-߃ ]pd-s∏-´n-cp-∂p, AXn¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw
apIƒh-iØv Hmtcm Zo]-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kam-K-a-
\-Iq-Sm-c-Øn-¬ {]Im-i-Øn-\p≈ GI-am¿§w CXm-bn-cp-
∂p. {InkvXp-hns‚ ip{iq-j-bn¬ Xs∂ al-XzoI-cn-
°p∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\bm-bn-cn°mw AXp kqNn-∏n-
°p-∂Xv (tbm-l. 16:!4). As√-¶n¬ kz¿§-Øn¬ hnf°pw
Bflob shfn-®-Øn-s‚-sb√mw Dd-hn-S-hp-amb (tbm-l.
8:12) {InkvXp-hn-s\-bmImw AXp ImWn-°p∂Xv (sh-
fn. 21:23). X¶w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ssZh-sØ-bm-Wv.
118
sshIp-t∂cw apX¬ cmhn-se-h-scbpw hnf°v \nc-
¥cw IØn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p (]p-d. 27:21,1iap. 3:3).
[q]-]oTw (18 C©v ka-N-Xp-cw, 36 C©v Db-cw,
Xnc-»o-e-bv°p-ap-ºmsI a≤y-Øn¬)
AXp JZn-c-a-cw-sIm-≠p-≠m°n kz¿Æw s]m-Xn-™n-
cp-∂p. {InkvXp-hns‚ a\p-jy-Xz-Øn\pw ssZh-Xz-Øn\pw
{]Xn-cq-]-am-W-Xv. Xs‚ P\-Øn-\p-th≠n a≤y-ÿXbW-
bv°p∂ tXP-kv°-cn-°-s∏´ {InkvXp-hn-s\-bm-WXv
Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv (F-{_m. 7:24˛26; shfn. 8:3,4). Xs‚
hy‡n-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw {]hr-Øn-bp-sSbpw kuc-`y-sØ-°p-
dn-®mWv [q]-h¿§w kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Zl-\-bm-K-Øns‚
bmK-]o-T-Øn¬\n∂pw Xo ]pd-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
If-¶-an-√msX {InkvXp ssZh-ap-ºmsI kzbw bmK-ambn
Xo¿∂-Xns‚ kuc-`y-hm-k-\-bm-W-Xv.
kpK-‘-h¿§w D≠m-°-s∏-´Xv \dpw-]-i, KpevKp-ep,
l¬_m-\-∏-i, \n¿Ωe km{ºmWn F∂n-h-sIm≠m-bn-
cp∂p. Hscm-‰-kp-K-‘-ap-≠m-Ip-hm≥ Ch-sb-√mw-IqSn
tN¿°p-∂p. {InkvXp-hns‚ kuc-`y-hm-k\ (F-s^. 5:2).
AXn-]-cn-ip-≤kvYew
AXn-]-cn-ip-≤-ÿ-e-tØ°p \bn-°p∂ Xnc-»oe
{InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-sØ-°p-dn®mWv kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv
(F-{_m. 10:19˛22)AXv Im¬h-dn-bnse ac-W-Øn¬ Nn¥n-
t∏mbn (eq-s°m., 23:45). hnip-≤-ÿ-eØv ]ptcm-ln-X-
∑m¿°p am{Xhpw AXn-]-cn-ip-≤-ÿ-eØv B≠n-sem-
cn-°¬ a-lm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\p-am-{Xhpw {]th-i-\-ap-≠m-bn-
cp∂ ÿm\Øv Ct∏mƒ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v GXp ka-
bØpw F√m-bvt∏mgpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ {]th-i-\-
ap≠v (F{_m. 10:19˛22).
\nb-a-s∏-´Iw (3 3/4 ASn\ofw, 2¼ ASn-ho-Xn, 2¼
ASn Db-cw)
JZn-c-a-cw-sIm-≠p-≠m°n kz¿Æw s]mXn™ Hcp-
h-enb s]-´n-bm-bn-cp∂p CXv. CXv ssZh-knw-lm-k\
- sØ
{]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-®p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXns‚ D≈-S-°-sØ-°p-
dn®p Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xn¬ c≠p coXn-bp-≠v. H∂v a\p-jys\
tI{µo-I-cn-®p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXv Gsd-°psd \ntj-[m-fl-I-
hp-am-Wv. at‰Xv {InkvXp-hns\ tI{µo-I-cn-®p-≈-Xm-Wv.
AXv IqSp-X-¬ hmkvX-hn-I-am-Wv.
H∂m-a-tØXv B⁄m-ew-L-\-Øns‚ aq∂p kvamc-
I-߃ AXn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈-XmWv (a-∂, ]pd.
16:2,3; \nbaw, ]pd. 32:19; Al-tcms‚ hSn, kwJy.
17:1˛13). \ΩpsS B⁄m-ew-L\ - Ø
- ns‚ ^e-ambn im]w
hln® {InkvXp-hn-s\-bmImw B coXn-bn¬ Nn{XoI-cn-
°p-∂-Xv.
As√-¶n¬ a∂ ssZh-Øns‚ A∏-sa∂ \ne-bn¬
{Inkv X p- h n- s \- b mWv Nn{Xo- I - c n- ° p- ∂ - X v . I¿Ømhv
Db¿Øp- I bpw al- X zo- I - c n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X ssZh-
Øns‚ hnip-≤n-bpsS {]Im-i-\ambn \nb-asØ Nn{Xo-
I-cn-°p-∂p, ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n≥ {]Im-
c-ap≈ Hcp ]ptcm-ln-X≥ AXm-bXv ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Ønse
]pd-∏mSv 31,32
{InkvXp-hn-s\-bmWv Al-tcms‚ hSn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.,
Ir]m-k\w
\nb-a-s∏-´-I-Øns‚ aqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p Ir]m-k-\w.
ASn-∏p-]-Wn-bmbn kz¿Æ-Øn¬Xo¿Ø, ssZh-knw-lm-
k\-Øns‚ kq£n-∏p-Imcpw Ahs‚ \oXn-bpsS c£-
I-cp-amb c≠p sIcq-_p-Iƒ AXn\p aqIfn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-
∂p. \nb-a-s∏-´-I-Øn\p apºnepw Ir]m-k-\-Øn-t∑epw
Xfn-°-s∏´ c‡-Øn-te°v Ah¿ Ip\n™p t\m°n-
s°m- ≠ n- c p- ∂ p. ssZh- \ o- X nsb Xr]v X n- s ∏- S p- Ø p∂
{InkvXp-hns‚ c‡w \ΩpsS AIr-Xy-ßsf ImWmsX
ad-®p-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aßs\ Hcp \ymbm-k\w
Ir]m-k-\ambn Xocp-∂p. {InkvXp-hmWv \ΩpsS Ir]m-
k\w ({]m-b-›nØw F∂-Xn-\p≈ AtX-hm°v (1tbm-
l. 2:2) ssZhw {InkvXp-hn-emWv ]m]nsb I≠p-ap-´p-∂-
Xv.
sjt°\ (tX-P- p≈ taLw)
kam-K-\-Iq-Sm-c-Øns‚ ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-b-t∏mƒ Hcp
tXP- p≈ taL-Øn¬ ssZhw Ir-]m-k-\-Øn¬ {]Xy-
£-s∏-´p. AXv sjt°\m F∂ t]cnepw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-
∂p. hkn-°pI F∂-Xns‚ F{_m-b-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂p-
amWv sjt°\m F∂ ]Zw cq]-s∏-´-Xv. Ahs‚ tXP-
 ns‚ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp {]Xo-I-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
D. hn{K-lmcm-[-\-bpsS Hcp Bcw`w (A. 32,33)
1. s]m∂p-sIm-≠p≈ Imf-°p´n (32:1˛10)
tamsi Xß-fpsS ASp-tØ°v aS-ßn-h-cp-hm≥ Xma-
kn-°p-∂-Xn¬ A£-a-b-cmb P\w A-h¿°v Hcp hn{K-
lsØ D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-hm≥ Al-tcm-t\mSp Bh
iy-s∏-´p. Ah-cpsS s]m≥ IpWp-°p-Isf Hcp hm¿Ø
Im- f - ° p- ´ n- b m°n cq]- s ∏- S p- Ø n- s °m≠v im¥- \ mbn
Ah≥ Ahsc A\p-k-cn-®p. Ak-∂n-Kv[-ambn hne-°-
s∏´ Hcp {]hr-Øn-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv (]p-d. 20:4). AXn-
\p-tijw Ah¿ D√-kn-®p-sIm≠v hn{K-lsØ B-cm-[n-
°p-hm\pw Xn∂p-hm\pw Ip-Sn-°p-hm\pw A[m¿Ωn-Imbn
{]h¿Øn-°p-hm\pw XpSßn. btlm-hsb Bcm-[n-°p-
I-bm-sW-∂m-bn-cp∂p Ah¿ ]c-ky-ambn {]kvXm-hn-®-
Xv (hm.5). F∂m¬ B Imf-°p´n apJm-¥-c-am-bn-cp∂p
Aßs\ sNbvX-Xv. an{kbow hn´-t∏mƒ ssZhw Xs‚
P\-Øn\p s]m∂p-\evIn A\p-{K-ln-®n-cp∂p (12:35,36).
F∂m¬ B A\p-{Klw P\-Øns‚ ]m]-]-¶n-e-amb
lrZbßfm¬ im]-ambn amdn. ]¿∆-X-Øns‚ ASn-hm-
cØv \S-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v ssZhw tamisb Adn-bn®p
(hm. 7,8) Cu P\sØ \in-∏n-°p-sa∂v `oj-Wn-s∏-SpØn
(hm. 9,10).
2. tamsi-bpsS a≤yÿ-Xbpw tIm]hpw
(32:11˛35)
32:11˛13 Xs‚ adp-]-Sn-bn¬ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønse
henb a≤y-ÿ-∑m-cn¬ Hcp-h-s\-t∏mse tamsi ImW-
s∏-Sp-∂p. Xs‚ i‡-amb hmZ-߃ {i≤n-°p-I. P\w
ssZh- Ø ns‚ P\- a m- b n- c p∂p (hm.11,12). an{k- b o-
 ]pd-∏mSv 32,33
an¬\n∂pw Ahsc hnSp-hn-®p-sIm≠p hcp-hm≥ ssZhw
Ah¿°p-th≠n [mcmfw Icp-Xn-bn-´p≠v (hm.11). an{k-
boay¿°v Ign-bm-Xn-cp-∂Xv ssZhw Xs‚ P\-tØmSp
sNbvXm¬ Ah¿ ssZh-P\w \in-°p-∂-Xp-I≠p kt¥m-
jn°pw (hm.12). tKm-{X-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpambn sNbvX \nb-
a-ß-tfmSp ssZhw hniz-kvXX ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-\m-bn-cn-
°Ww (hm. 13).
32:14 At∏mƒ btlmh Xs‚ P\-Øn\p hcp-Øp-
sa∂p Iev ] n® A\¿∞- s Ø- ° p- d n®p A\p- X - ] n- ® p
(hm.14). Cu ]›m-Ø-e-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ A\
¿∞w F∂ hm°n-s‚-b¿∞w in£ F∂m-Wv. tamsi-
bpsS a≤y-ÿ-X-bpsS {]Xn-I-cWw F∂ \ne-bn¬,
A√m-Ø-]£w Xs‚ P\-Øn-s‚-ta¬ Xm≥ hcp-Øp-am-
bn-cp∂ in£-bn¬ F∂pw btlmh hyXn-N-en-®p.
32:15˛20 km£y-Øns‚ c≠p ]e-I-I-fp-ambn tamsi
]¿∆-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw Cd-ßn, hgn-bn¬h®v tbmiphsb
I≠p-ap-´n, A\m-fln-I-ambn hn{K-lm-c-[\ kw_-‘-am-
b D’hw BN-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ P\-Øns‚ ASp-tØ-
°p-h-∂p. \nb-am-\p-kr-X-amb tIm]-tØmsS P\w CXn-
t\m-SIw sNbvX-Xns‚ km£n F∂ \ne-bn¬ \nb-a-
Øns‚ ]e-I-Iƒ Ah≥ s]m´n-®p-I-f-™p. AXn\p
tijw Ah≥ s]m∂p-sIm-≠p≈ B Imf-°p-´nsb Ac-
®p-s]m-Sn-bm-°n, sh≈-Øn¬ hnXdn B P\Ø IpSn-
∏n®p (hm.20)-˛-H-cp-]t£ Ibv]p≈ Hcp Ijm-bw-t]mse
\ΩpsS ]m]-߃ \Ωn-te°p aSßn hcp-∂p-sh-∂p≈
Hcp \n¿t±-i-am-bn-cn°mw CXv.
32:21˛24 Cu hn[-Øn¬ s]cp-am-d-Ø-°-hÆw P\w
F¥p-sNbvXp F∂p tamsi Al-tcm-t\mSp tNmZn-®-
t∏mƒ Gd- ° psd \nKq- V - a m- b n, kz¿Æ- I m- f - ° p´n
Xobn¬\n∂pw ]pd-Øp-h∂p F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p∂ hn[-
Øn¬ kw`hn-®-sXm-s°bpw Al-tcm≥ Ah-t\mSp hni-
Zo-I-cn®p ]d™p (hm.24). btlmh Al-tcm-s\-sIm-
√m-Xn-cp-∂Xv tamsi-bpsS a≤y-ÿX H∂p-sIm-≠p-am-{X-
am-bn-cp∂p (B-h. 9:19,20).
32:25˛29 P\- ß - f n¬ Nne¿ \nb- { ¥- W - a n- √ msX
At∏mgpw AXp XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. btlm-h-bpsS
]£-Øp-≈-h¿ amdn-\n¬°-s´-sb-∂vtamsi Iev]n-®-
t∏mƒ tehn tKm{X-Øn-ep-≈-h¿ am{Xw A\p-Iq-e-am-bn
h¿Øn- ° p- I bpw, \nb- { ¥- W - a n- √ m- X n- c p- ∂ - h sc hmƒ
sIm≠p sIm∂p If- b p- h m\pw Bcw- ` n- ® p. ASpØ
_‘p-°sf t]mepw _m°n-h-®n√ (hm. 25-˛29). ChnsS
ewLn-°-s∏´ \nbaw 3000 t]¿°v ac-Ww \evIn, s]¥-
t°m-kvXp-\m-fn¬ Ir]-bpsS kphn-tijw 3000 t]¿°v
c£ \evIn. ]utcm-lnXy tKm{X-ambn tehysc Xnc-
s™-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ ImcWw Hcp-]t£ Ah-cpsS [oc-
X-bm¿∂ hniz-kvX-X-bmbn-cn°mw (hm.29 ImWp-I).
32:30-˛35 P\-ß-fpsS ]m]-Øn\p {]mb-›nØw Xm≥
hcpØpw F∂p Nn¥n-®p-sIm≠v tamsi btlm-hsb
ImWp-hm≥ ]¿∆-X-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-t∏mbn (hm.30-˛35).
ssZh-Øns‚ DØcw Cc-´nbm-bn-cp-∂p. H∂m-a-Xmbn Imf-
°p-´nsb D≠m-°nb P\sØ Xm≥ in£n°pw (H-cp-
119
_m[ Ab-®p-sIm≠v Ah-\Xp sNbvXp hm.35). c≠m-
aXmbn hmKvZ-Ø-\m-´n-te°v tamsi Xs‚ P\sØ \bn-
°p-tºmƒ Xs‚ ZqXs\ Ah\p apºmbn Ab-bv°pw.
32-˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ tamsi-bpsS kz`mhw IqSp-X¬ tim`n-
°p-∂p. AhnsS Xs‚ P\-Øn\p th≠n Xm≥ acn-°p-
hm≥t]mepw Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. \ns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬
\n∂pw Fs‚ t]¿ ambn-®p-I-f-b-Wta F∂p-≈Xv Fs‚
PohnXw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°Ww(30) F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚
Be-¶m-cnI coXn-bm-Wv. ssZhw tamsi-tbmSp Zb ImWn-
®p, F∂m¬ Xs‚ {]ob-]p-{X-t\mSp ({In-kvXp-hn-t\m-Sv)
Zb ImWn-®n-√. A\o-Xn-bv°p-th≠n \oXn-am-\mbn acn®
\ΩpsS I¿Øm-hnt\mSp Fßs\ kmZr-iy-\m-Ipw.
3. P\-Øns‚ ]›m-Øm]w (33:1˛6)
I\m-\n-te-°p≈ Ah-cpsS bm{X-bn¬ ]m]w sNbvX
bn{km-tb-en-t\m-sSm-∂n-®m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ssZhw \nckn-
®p, A√m-Ø-]£w Ahsc hgn-bn¬-h®p \in-∏n-®p-I-f-
hm≥ Xm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bn-Øo-cpw. AXn\p ]I-c-ambn
Ah≥ Hcp ZqX-s\ Xs‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Ab-bv°pw.
tZmjI-c-amb Cu hN\w tI´-t∏mƒ, P\w ZpxJn-®p.
kz¿Æ-Im-f-°p-´nsb D≠m-°p-hm≥ sImSp-Ø-Xp-t]m-se,
Bcpw Xs‚ B`cWw [cn®Xpan-√. tlmtc_v ]¿∆-X-
Øn-¶¬ XpSßn ]ns∂ Hcn-°epw Ah [cn-®-tX-bn-√.
4. tamsi-bpsS kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw (33:7˛11)
Ggmw hmIy-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏´n-cn-°p∂ IqSmcw
AXp-hsc ÿm]n-°-s∏-´n-´n-√mØ kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-a-
√, adn®v tamsi ASn® Hcp Xmev°m-enI IqSm-c-am-bn-
cp∂p AXv. ChnsS AXns\ ktΩ-f-\-Øn-\p≈ kam-
K-a-\-Iq-Smcw (Iq-Sm-cw) F∂p hnfn-®n-cp-∂p. btlm-hsb
At\z-jn-°p-hm≥ Xmev]-cy-s∏Sp∂ hy‡n-Iƒ°v ]mf-
b-Øn\p ]pd-Øp≈ Cu IqSm-c-Øn-te°v sN√p-hm≥
Ign- b p- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. P\- Ø ns‚ ]m]- Ø m¬ ]mfbw
AXn¬Øs∂ aen-\-s∏-´n-cn-°-bm-bn-cp-∂p, AXp-sIm-
≠mWv Cu IqSmcw ]mf-b-Øn\p ]pdØp ÿm]n-®-Xv.
tamsi IqSm-c-Øn¬ {]th-in-®-t∏mƒ ssZh-km-∂n≤yw
kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ta-L-kvXw`w Ahn-tS°p Cd-ßn-h-∂p.
tamsi ssZhsØ Ie¿∏n-√msX Ahs‚ AkvXn-Xz-
Øn¬ I≠p F∂v 11-˛mw hmIyw-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-
hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. XS- -ß-fn-√msX t\cn´v A`n-ap-J-
ambn ssZh-hp-ambn kw`m-j-Ww \S-Øp-hm≥ tamsi
bv°p Ign-™p F∂p am{Xta tIhew AX¿∞-am-°p-
∂p-≈p. _mey-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ tbmiph IqSmcw hn´p
]ncn-bm-Xn-cp∂p F∂Xv {i≤n-°p-∂Xp {]tbm-P-\-{]-Zam-
Wv. Xs‚ ]n¬°me Bflob hnP-b-Øn-\p≈ cl-kyw
Hcp-]s£ CXm-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww.
5. tamsi-bpsS {]m¿∞\ (33:12˛23)
33:12˛17 P\sØ I\m-\n-te°p \bn-°p-hm-\p≈
ssZkm-∂n-≤y-Øn-\mbn tamsi ssZh-tØm-S-t]-£n-®p.
At∏mƒ Xs‚ km∂n≤yw Ah-tcm-Sp-IqsS t]mIp-sa∂v
ssZhw Icp-W-tbmsS hmKvZ-Øw sNbvXp. CXn-t\-°mƒ
Ipd™ Imcy-߃ H∂pw sNø-cp-sX∂v tamsi iTn-
120 ]pd-∏mSv 34
®p. t\ml-sb-t∏m-se-tam-sibv°pw ssZh-Ir] e`n-®n-
cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Ahs‚ At]£ ssZhw kzoI-cn-®p.
A]-I-S-Øns‚ Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn-e√ adn®v ssZh-km-
∂n-≤y-Øn-emWv kpc-£n-XXzw D≈-Xv.
33:18˛23 A\-¥cw ssZh-tX-P- ns‚ Hcp Z¿i\w
tamsi Bh- i y- s ∏- ´ p. Ir]bpw alm- Z - b - b p- a p≈
ssZhmbn Xs∂- Ø m≥ shfn- s ∏- S p- Ø m- s a- ∂ p≈
hmKvZØw \evIn-s°m≠v ssZhw adp-]Sn \evIn (]p-d.
34:6,7 ImWp-I). ssZh-Øns‚ apJw I≠p Poh-t\m-sS-
bn-cn-°p-hm≥ tamsibv°p Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn-
\m¬ ssZh-tX-P v IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ ]md-bpsS
]nf¿∏n¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v ssZh-Øns‚ ]n≥`m-K-Øns‚
Hcp {]Xy-£-X-am{Xw ImWp-hm≥ tamsibv°p A\p-
hmZw e`n-®p. ssZhØn\p Hcp ico-c-an-√m-ØXp-sIm≠v
Xo¿®-bmbpw CsXmcp Be-¶m-cnI `mj-bmWv (tbm-l.
4:24). sslh¬ tPm¨kv AXn-s\-Ip-dn-®-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-
cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, ]q¿Æ-tX-P v F{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°p-
sa-∂p-≈-Xns‚ hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb kqN-\-bmbn Hcp
sNdp-tim` tamsibv°p ImW-W-am-bn-cp∂p (31).
Hcp a\p-jy-\p-t]mepw ssZh-Øns‚ apJw I≠p Poh-
t\m-sS-bn-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√ (hm.20). ssZ-h-Øns‚
{]Imin-°-s∏´ tXP- n-te°p t\m°p-hm≥ B¿°pw
Ign-bp-I-bn√ F∂m-Wn-Xns‚ A¿∞w. Ah≥ ASp-Øp-
Iq-SmØ shfn-®-Øn¬ hkn-°p-∂-h-\pw, a\p-jy¿ Bcpw
ImWm-Ø-h-\pw, Im◊m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-h-\p-amWv(1-Xn-sam.
6:16). B A¿∞-Øn¬ t\m°p-tºmƒ ssZhsØ Bcpw
Hcp-\mfpw I≠n-´n√ (1-tbm-l. 4:12). At∏mƒ ssZhsØ
I≠n´pw acn-°m-Xn-cp∂ Bfp-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ thZ-`m-K-
߃ \ap°p Fßs\ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw? DZm-
l-c-W-ambn lmKm¿ (D-ev]. 16:13); bmt°_v (D-ev].
32:30). tamsi, Al-tcm≥, \mZm-_v, A_o-lp, bn{km-
tb¬ aq∏-∑m-cn¬ Fgp-]-Xp-t]¿ (]p-d. 24:9˛11); KnZ-tbm≥
(\ym-bm. 6:22,233) at\m-lbpw Xs‚ `mcy-bpw (\ym-bm.
13:22); sbi-ømhv (sb-i.6:1); sbl-kvtI¬ (sb-l.
1:26;10:20 Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I); tbml-∂m≥ (sh-fn.1:17).
I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-\m¬ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-
°-s∏´ ssZh-sØ-bmWv Ah¿ I≠Xv F∂-Xm-W-Xn-
\p≈ DØ-cw. Nne Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ btlmh-bpsS ZqX-
\mbpw Ah≥ {]Xy-£-s∏-´n-´p-≠v (Cu D]-tZiw kw_-
‘n-®p≈ Hcp N¿®-bv°p-th≠n \ymbm. 6-˛mw A≤ymbw
t\m°p-I). Nne Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ Hcp ]pcp-j-\mbpw Hcn-
°¬ Hcp i_vZ-ambpw Xs∂-Øs∂ shfn-s∏-SpØn (]p-
d.24:9˛11; Bh. 4:12 XΩn¬ Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I). ]nXm-
hns‚ aSn-bn-en-cn-°p∂ GI-Pm-X-\mb {]ob-]p-{X≥
ssZhsØ ]q¿Æ-ambpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p (tbm-
l. 1:18). {InkvXp ssZh-tX-P- ns‚ {]`bpw Ahs‚
XXz-Øn‚ ap{Z-bp-amWv (F-{_m. 1:3). AXp-sIm-≠mWv
Fs∂ I≠-h≥ ]nXm-hns\ I≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂p
Ah\v ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-™Xv (tbm-l-.14:9).
E. \nbaw ]pXp°n \evIp∂p (34:1˛35:3)
34:1˛9 ssZhw ho≠pw tamsisb X\n®v ko\mbn
]¿∆- X - Ø n- t e°p hnfn- ® p. CØ- h W Xm≥ kzbw
\n¿Ωn® c≠p Iev]-e-I-I-fp-am-bmWv t]mbXv AhnsS
btlm-h-bmb ssZhw Icp-Wbpw Ir]bpw Zo¿L-£-
abpw alm-Z-bbpw hn-iz-kvX-X-bp-ap-≈-h-\mbn Xs∂-
Øs∂ shfn-s∏-SpØn (hm. 6,7).
Xn∑-{]-hr-Øn-Isf kqNn-∏n-°p∂ aq∂p hyXy-kvX-
hm-°p-Iƒ 7˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
ssZh-Øns‚ hgn-Iƒ hnI-S-am-Ip∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬
AIr-Xy-ap-≠v. ssZh-tØmSp adp-X-en-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv
AXn-{Iaw F∂p ]d-bp∂-Xv. A£-cn-I-ambn Ip‰w
BIp∂ ]m]w ssZhw h®n-´p≈ AS-bmfw \jvS-am
°n-s°m≠v {]mcw-`-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]m]w
sNbvXp ssZh-tX-P v C√m-Ø-h-cmbn Xocp∂ Bi-b-
amWv Ah-sb√mw Adn-bn-°p-∂Xv (tdm-a. 3:23). ssZhoI
\nb-a-߃ ewLn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ bn{kmtb¬P\w apgp-
h≥ acn-t°-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p, F∂m¬ ssZhw Xs‚ Icp-
W-bm¬ Ahsc tijn∏n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tamsi
ssZh-ap-ºmsI kmjvSmwKw hoWp \akv°-cn®v Xs‚
P\- Ø ns‚ Atbm- K y- X - b psS ASn- ÿ m- \ - Ø nepw
Ahs‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn\pw Ir]-bv°pambn At]-£n®p
(hm. 8,9).
34:10˛17 At∏mƒ ssZhw \nbaw ]pXp-°n-\-evIn-
s°m≠v I\m-\nse \nhm-kn-Isf HmSn®p-I-fbp-∂-Xn¬
bn{km- t b- e n- \ p- t h≠n A¤pXw sNøp- s a- ∂ p≈
hmKvZØw \evIn. PmXn-I-tfmSp CS-I-e-cp-∂-Xn\pw Ah-
cpsS hn{K-lm-cm-[\ ]I¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-sa-Xn-cmbn ssZhw
Ah¿°p ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-\-evIn. kºp-jvS-X-bpsS {]Xo-I-
amb Bti¿{]-Xn-jvT-Iƒ A«o-e-cq-]-ß-fn-ep≈ hn{K-
l-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ssZhw Xs‚ P\-hp-am-bn´v Hcp DS-ºSn
sNbvXn-cn-°-sIm≠v Ah¿ tZi-Ønse \nhm-kn-I-tfmSv
DS-ºSn sNøp-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Htck-abw ssZh-
tØmSpw hn{K-l-tØmSpw tbmPn-®p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ Ign-bp-
I-bn√ (1-sIm-cn. 10:2) ImWp-I.
34:18˛27 ]pfn- ∏ n- √ mØ A∏- Ø ns‚ D’h- ß ƒ
(hm.18) BZy-Pm-Xs‚ ka¿∏Ww (hm.19,20). i∫Øv
(hm.21) hmtcm- ’ hw, Imbv I - \ n- s ]- c p- ∂ mƒ (hm.22)
F∂nh kw_-‘n-®p≈ \n¿t±-i-ß-ƒ ssZhwho≠pw
Bh¿Øn-®p. 23:14˛17 hmIy-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-
cn-°p∂ aq∂p hm¿joI D’-h-߃°pw ]cp-j-∑m¿
F√m-hcpw btlm-h-bpsS apºmsI htc-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-
cp∂p (hm. 23,24). blq-Z-]p-cp-j-∑m¿ h¿j-Øn¬ aq∂p
{]mhiyw sbcp-i-te-an¬ t]mIp-tºmƒ, Ah-cpsS tZiw
]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ Bcpw {ian-°m-X-hÆw I\m-
\y-cpsS taml-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°p-sa∂v 24-˛mw hmIy-Øn¬
ssZhw hmKvZØw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xp {i≤n-°p-I. a‰p-
\n-b-a-ß-ƒ Bh¿Øn-®-Xn-\p-tijw (hm.25,26) 11-˛26
hmIy-ß-fn¬ Xm≥ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ hN-\-߃ Fgp-Xp-
hm≥ btlmh tamsi-tbmSp Iev]n-®p. (hm.27). AXn\p
tijw btlmh Xs∂ Iev]-e-I-Ifn¬ ]Øp Iev]-\-
Iƒ FgpXn-s°m-SpØp (hm.28; hm.1; Bh.10:1˛4 F∂nh
XΩn¬ Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I).
 ]pd-∏mSv 35,36
34:28˛35 \mev]Xp ]Iepw \mev]Xp cmhpw ]¿∆-X-
Øn¬ Nne-h-gn-®-tijw tamsi c≠p Iev]-e-I-Ifpw
Iøn¬ ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v Cd-ßn-h∂p (hm. 28,29a). ssZh-
k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Bbn-cp-∂-Xns‚ ^e-ambn Xs‚ apJw
{]Im-in-°p-∂p-s≠-∂p≈ Imcyw tamsi Adn-™n-cp-
∂n√ (hm. 29b, 30). P\w Ahs‚ ASp-°¬ sN√p-hm≥
`b- s ∏- ´ p. btlm- h - b psS Iev ] - \ - I ƒ bn{km- t b¬
P\sØ Adn-bn-®-tijw Ah≥ Xs‚ apJØv Hcp aqSp-
]Sw C´p (hm.31-˛33) tamsi Ah-tcmSp kwkm-cn-®p-I-gn-
™-t∏mƒ Ah≥ Xs‚ apJØp Hcp aqSp]Sw C´p
(NKJV) F∂mWv 33-˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ hmbn-°p-∂Xv.
F∂m¬ KJV ¬ AXv kwkm-cn®p Xocp-thmfw apJØp
Hcp-aq-Sp-]Sw C´p F∂mWv Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 2sIm-
cn.3:13¬ ]utemkv hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv, tamsi Xs‚
apJØp aqSp-]Sw C´n-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v \nb-a-]-c-ambn
ssZho-Im-⁄-bmb \ymb-{]-am-W-Øns‚ aßn-t∏m-Ip∂
tXP v ImWp- h m≥ P\- Ø n\p Ign- b p- a m- b n- c p- ∂ n√
F∂m-Wv.
35:1˛3 A\- ¥ cw tamsi bn{km- t b¬ a- ° - f psS
kwLsØ Hs°bpw hnfn®p Iq´n i∫-Øp-kw-_-‘-
amb \nb-a-߃ Ah-tcmSp Bh¿Øn-®p.
F. kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Ønse D]-I-cW k÷o-I-
cWw (35:4˛38:31)
1. P\-Øns‚ Zm\-ßfpw ka¿∞-cmb P\-ßfpw
(35:4˛36:7)
35:4˛20 kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Øns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\m-h-
iy-amb hkvXp-°-f-S-ßp∂ Hcp hgn-]mSv btlm-h-bv°p-
th≠n kza-\- mse FSp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \n¿t±-i-߃
tamsi \evIn (hm.4-˛9). AXns‚ hnhn[- `mKß-ƒ
\n¿Ωn-°p-∂X - n¬ ka¿∞-cmb inev]n-Iƒ°p-th-≠nbpw
tamsi Blzm\w sNbvXp (hm. 10-˛19). Bcm-[-\-tbm-
Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ btlm-hbv°v c≠p sI´n-S-߃ D≠m-
bn-cp-∂p, kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-hpw, ssZhm-e-b-hpw. Ah c≠n-
s‚bpw Nnehv ap≥Iq´n hln-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Bhi-y-
am-bn-cp-∂Xv \-evIp-h≥ X°-hÆw ssZhw P\-Øn-s‚
lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn®p (hm. 5,21,22,26,29). \ΩpsS
ip{iq-jbpw Zm\-ßfpw CXp-t]mse kza-\- m-se-bp-
≈Xpw ]ndp-]n-dp-∏p-Iq-Sm-sX-bp-≈Xpw Bbn-cn-t°-Ww.
35:21˛36:1 P\-Øn¬ At\-I¿ an{k-bo-an¬\n∂pw
X߃ sIm≠ph∂ kº-Øp-sIm≠v HuZm-cy-ambn
Zm\w \evIn (hm. 21˛29). Imf-°p-´n-bv°p-th≠n kz¿Æw
\evIn-b-hsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw At∂ AsX√mw
\jvSambn-cp-∂p. kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Øn-\p-th≠n apX¬ap-
S-°n-b-h¿°v btlm-h-bpsS al-Xz-Øn-\p-th≠n D]-tbm-
Kn-°-s∏´ Xß-fpsS kºØp ImWp-tºmƒ kt¥m-j-
am-bn-cp-∂p.
sImØp- ] - W n- b mb kI- e - h n[ Iui- e - ∏ - W nbpw
sNøp-hm≥ s_k-te-ens\bpw Hslm-en-tbm-s_bpw
ssZhw \nb-an-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn tamsi ]ckyw sNbvXp.
a‰p-≈-hsc ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ Ignhpw Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-
121
cp∂p (35:30˛36:1).
36:2˛7 ka¿∞-cmb B the-°m¿ IqSmcw ]Wn-bpI
F∂ ZuXyw Bcw`n-®p. F∂m¬ P\w cmhn-se-tXmdpw
hf-sc-b-[nIw hkvXp-°ƒ sIm≠p-h-∂n-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
tamibv°v A[nIw sIm≠p hcp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw Ahsc
hne-t°-≠n-h-∂p. 36-˛mw A≤ym-b-Øns‚ F´mw hmIy-
Øn¬\n∂pw 39-˛mw A≤ym-b-Øns‚ A-hkm-\-`m-Kw-hsc
kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-Øn-s‚bpw AXnse D]-I-c-W-ß-fp-
sSbpw \n¿ΩmW kw_-‘-amb hni-Z hnh-c-ß-fmWv
\ap°p ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. [mcmfw hni-Zo-I-c-W-
ß-fpsS Bh¿Ø\w \sΩ Hm¿∏n-°p-∂-Xv, Xs‚ {]ob
]p-{X-s\-°p-dn®p Xt∂mSp kwkm-cn-°p∂ hkvXp-X-
IƒsIm≠v ssZhw Hcn-°epw £oWn-°p-∂n√ F∂mWv.
2. Xncp-\n-hm-ksØ ad-bv°p∂ aqSp-ioe
(36:8˛19)
]™n \q¬sIm≠v D≠m-°-s∏´ AI-ta-bp≈ aqSp-
io-e-bm-bn-cp∂p Xncp-\n-hmkw F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-
Xv (hm.8). ASp-Ø-Xmbn tImem´p tcmaw sIm≠p-≠m-
°nb aqSp-io-e, IqSmcsa∂mWv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂Xv
(hm.14) B´p-sIm-‰s‚ tXm¬sIm≠pw Xl-ip-tXm¬
(ko¬, IS¬∏- ∂ n, F∂n- h bpsS tXm¬ BIm\pw
km[y-X-bp-≠v) sIm≠pw D≠m-°-s∏´ aqSp-io-e-I-sf-
bWv ]pdw-aqSn F∂p hnfn-®n-cp-∂Xv (hm.19).
3. aq∂p-h-i-ß-fn-te-°p≈ ]e-I-Iƒ (36:20˛30)
kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂
GI-a-c-amb JZn-c-acw sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p Cu ]e-I-Ifpw
\n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hc≠ \ne-ß-fn¬ Xg®p
hf¿∂n-cp∂ JZn-c-acw hfsc at\m-l-chpw AXns‚
XSn s]s´∂p \in®p t]mImØ Xc-Øn¬ CuSp-‰-Xp-
am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]mse hc-≠-\n-e-Øp-\n∂pw apf®
thcm-bn-cp∂ I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{InkvXp, [m¿Ωn-Ia - mbn
at\m-l-c-\m-bn-cp∂p AXp-t]mse \nXy-\p-am-Wv.
4. ]e-I-Isf Iq´n-bn-W-°p∂ A¥m-g-߃
(36:31˛34)
A¥m-g-ß-fn¬ \mseÆw ]pdsa ImW-Ø-°-h-Æ-
am-bn-cp-∂p, F∂m¬ HscÆw ImWp-hm≥ km[y-a-√m-
bn-cp-∂p, ImcWw AXp ]e-I-I-fpsS a≤y-Øn-eq-sS-bm-
bn-cp∂p IS∂p t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv. ImW-s∏-SmØ A¥m-
gw, I¿Øm-hn¬ hnip-≤a - µ
- n-ca
- mbn (F-s^. 2:21,22) hnizm-
kn-I-sf H∂n®v _‘n-∏n-°p∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ \√
Hcp {]Xn-cq-]-am-Wv. ssZh-a-°-fn¬ s]mXp-sh-bp≈ Pohn-
Xw, kvt\lw, ÿm\w, Ip‰-kΩXw F∂n-h-sb-bmWv
a‰p \mep A¥m-g-߃ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
5. AXn- ] - c n- i p- ≤ - ÿ - e - t Ø°p \bn- ° p∂
Xnc»oe (36:35,36)
I¿Øm-hmb tbip-hns‚ tZl-sØ-bmWv Cu Xnc-
»oe {]Xn-\n-[o-Ic
- n-°p-∂Xv (F-{_m. 10:20). \ap°v ssZh-
tØm-SSpØp sN√p-∂-Xn-\p≈ hgn Xpd-°p-hm≥ th≠n
122

\nb-a-s∏-´Iw Xm{a-sØm´n Zl-\-bm-K-Øn-\p≈ bmK-]oTw

(]p-d. 25:10˛22)
kamKa-\-Iq-Sm-c-Ønse F√m D]-
I-c-W-ß-fn-epw-h®v G‰hpw ssZhn-I-am-
bXv \nb-a-s∏-´-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. \nb-a-ß-
sf√mw t{ImUo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ ]Øp-
I- e v ] - \ - b psS ]I¿∏v blq- Z - ∑ m¿
ChnsS kq£n-®n-cp-∂p.
(]p-d. 30:17˛21)
Xm{a-sØm´n ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-
cpsS ip≤o-Ic - W
- Ø
- n\p th≠n-bp-
≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-k∂ - n-[n-bn-¬
{]th-in-°ptºmƒ Ah¿ ip≤n-bp-
≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.
(]p-d. 27:1˛8)
kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Øns‚ ap≥h-
iØv {]mIm-c-Øn¬ ÿm-]n-°-s∏-
´n-cp∂ Cu bmK-]o-T-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p
arK-ßsf bmKw Ign-®n-cp-∂X - v. bmK-
]o-T-Øns‚ \mep sImºp-I-fnepw
bmK-ar-K-Øns‚ c‡w Xfn-®n-cp-∂p.

kz¿Æ-\n-e-hnf°v ImgvN-b-∏-Øns‚ tai [q]-]oTw

(]p-d.25:31˛40)
ImgvNb - ∏
- t- a-ib
- psS FXn¿h-i-
Ømbn hnip-≤-ÿ-e-Øm-bn-cp∂p
\ne- h n- f °v ÿm]n- ® n- c p- ∂ - X v .
AXn\v Ggp Zo]-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
Cu Zo]-߃, sNdn-b-]-c∂ ]m{X-
ß-fn¬ FÆ Hgn-®v, Xncn C´v Cu
Xncn-bpsS Xmtg°p Xqßn
\nev°p∂ `mKØv Xo IØn-°p∂
coXn-bn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
(]p-d. 25:23-˛30)
ImgvN-Iƒ hbv°-s∏n-cp∂ Hcp
X´mbncp∂p ImgvNb - ∏
- Ø
- ns‚ tai.
F√m-bvt∏mgpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬
tai-∏p-d-Ømbn ]{¥≠p tKm{X-ß-
sfbpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®p sIm≠p≈
]{¥≠p A∏-߃ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.
(]p-d. 30:1˛10)
]pd- Ø p≈ Zl- \ - b m- K -
Øns‚ bmK-]o-T-tØ-°mfpw
hfsc sNdn-bX - m-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-
\n-hm-k-Øn-\p-≈n-en-cn-°p∂
[q]- ] o- T w. [q]- ] o- T - Ø n¬
IØn-°p∂ [q]-h¿ §w hfsc
Bkzm-Zy-I-c-amb kpK-‘-ap-
≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p.

kam-Ka- \ IqSm-cØ
- nse D]-Ic
- W
- ß
- ƒ
 ]pd-∏mSv 36,37
Im¬h-dn-bn¬ AXp Nn¥-s∏-´p. ssZhn-I-\ym-bm-k-\-
Øns‚ Imh¬°m-c-bm-bn-cn°mw Xnc-»o-e-bnse sIcq-
_p-Iƒ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂p.
6. hni-≤-ÿ-e-tØ°p \bn-°p∂ ad-»oe
(36:37,38)
{]mIm-c-Øn-te-°p≈ hmXn-epw, apI-fn¬ {]kvXm-
hn-°-s∏´ Xnc-»o-e-bpw-\n¿Ωn® AtX hkvXp-°ƒ D]-
tbm-K-®m-bn-cp∂p Cu ad-»o-ebpw \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
ssZh-Øn-¶-te-°p≈ am¿§-amb {InkvXp-hn-s\-bmWv
{]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
7. \nb-a-s∏-´Iw (37:1˛5)
JZn-c-a-c-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn®v X¶w s]mXn-™n-cn-°p∂
Hcp henb s]´n-bm-bn-cp∂p \nb-a-s∏-´-Iw. \ΩpsS
I¿Øm-hns‚ a\p-jy-Xz-sØbpw ssZh-Xz-sØ-bp-am-WXv
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \nb-a-Øns‚ ]e-I-Iƒ a∂ C´p-h®
s]m≥]m-{Xw, Al-tcm‚ Xfn¿Ø-hSn F∂nh AXn-\-
I-Øp≠v. {InkvXphn-t\m-Sp D]-an-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Cu
hkvXp-°ƒ Ah-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-
Xv, \ns‚ \ymb-{]-amWw Fs‚ D≈n¬ Ccn-°p∂p
(k- ¶ o. 40:8b) F∂p ]d- ™ - h - \ m- b pw, kz¿§- Ø n¬
\n∂pw Cd-ßn-h∂ ssZh-Øns‚ A∏-ambpw (tbm-l.
6:33), acn-®-h-cn¬\n∂pw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰, ssZhnI Xnc-
s™-Sp-∏nse ]ptcm-ln-X-\mbpw (F-{_m. 7:24˛26) BWv.
bn{km-tb¬ P\-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°p-I-bm-
W-¶n¬ Ah-sb√mw ]cm-P-b-Øn-s‚bpw ]ndp-]n-dp-∏n-
s‚bpw ⁄m]-I-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
8. Ir]m-k\w (37:6˛9)
Ir]m-k\w ssZh-Øns‚ knwlm-k\ - a- m-bn-cp-∂p, `qan-
bnse Xs‚ hmk-ÿ-ew. kz¿Æ sIcq-_p-Iƒ AXn-
te°p Ip\n™p t\m°nb Ah-k-c-Øn¬ bn{km-tb-
ens‚ B⁄m-ew-L-\-ß-tfmSp _‘-s∏-´p≈ \ymb-
{]-am-W-tam, (bn-{km-tb-¬ ewLn® \nb-a-߃) a∂m-
bpsS ]m{Xw, Al-tcms‚ hSn, F∂n-htbm Ah¿ I≠n-
√. t\tc-a-dn®v B⁄m-ew-Ln-I-tfmSv Icp-W-bp-≈-h-\m-
bn-cn-°p-hm≥ ssZhsØ klm-bn-°p∂ Xfn-°-s∏´
c‡-amWv Ah¿ I≠Xv. Hcp Ir]m-k-\-ambn ssZhw
\n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-h≥ F∂ \ne-bn-em-Wv. Ir]m-k\w
{InkvXp-hns\ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv (tdm-a. 3:25) (32). Ir]m-
k\w \nba-s∏-´-I-Øns‚ aqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
9. ImgvN-b-∏-Øns‚ tai (37:10˛1b)
ImgvNb∏-ta-i-bn¬ ]{¥≠p A∏-ß-fp≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
ssZh-ap-ºmsI Ct∏mgpw Ahsb \ne-\n-dp-Øp∂ bYm¿
∞ Al-tcm-\mb {InkvXp-hns‚ kzoImcy tbmKy-X-
bn¬ ssZh-ap-ºmsI bn{km-tb-en-\p≈ ÿm\-Øns‚
amXr-I-bm-WX33). ]{¥≠p tKm{X-ß-f¬ Hmtcm-∂n-\p-
ap≈ ssZhnI Icp-X-en-s\-°p-dn®pw A∏-ß-ƒ kwkmcn-
°p-∂p.
123
10. \ne-hn-f°pw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈
hkvXp-°fpw (37:29)
temI- Ø ns‚ kXy- s h- f n- ® - a mb (tbm- l . 8:12)
{Inkv X p- h n\p \ng- e m- b n- ´ mWv Nne¿ X¶- h n- f - ° ns\
ImWp-∂-Xv. a‰p-≈-h¿, hnip-≤-ÿ-eØv {InkvXp-hns\
{]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ F√m hkvXp-°-sfbpw AXv tim`n-
∏n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v {InkvXp-hns\ amlm-fly-ap-≈-h-\m-
°p∂ ZuXy-ap≈ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\-bmWv AXv {]Xn-
\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p. hnizm-kn-I-fp-
am-bp≈ GIo-I-c-W-Øn¬{InkvXp-hns\ Nn{Xo-I-cn-
°p∂ \ne-bn-emWv a‰p Nn-e¿ AXns\ ImWp-∂X - v. a≤y-
Øn-ep≈ hnf-°p-X≠v AXp-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p, Im-cWw
Hmtcm ]m¿iz-ß-fnepw aq∂p imJ-Iƒ hoXw Bdp imJ-
Iƒ AXn¬ \n∂p-am-bn-cp∂p ]pd-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂n-cp-
∂mepw Ah-sb√mw H‰-A-Sn-∏p-]-Wn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
11. [q]]oTw (37:25˛28)
CS-hn-SmsX ssZh-Øns‚ kuc`y-hm-k-\-bm-bn-cn-
°p∂ {IkvXp-hn-s\-bmWv [q]-]oTw {]Xn-\n-[m\w
sNøp- ∂ - X v . kz¿§- Ø n¬ \ap- ° p- t h≠n ]£- h mZw
sNøp∂ I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ Ct∏m-gsØ
ip{iq-j-sbbpw AXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.
12. A`n-tj-I-ssX-ehpw [q]-h¿§hpw (37:29)
A`n-tj-I-ssXew ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\p \ng-em-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. Xs‚ ]nXm- h ns\ kt¥m- j n- ∏ n- ° p∂ \ΩpsS
I¿Øm-hns‚ \nXy-ku-c`y-amb sshin-jvSy-ßsfbmWv
[q]-h¿§w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
13. Zl-\-bm-K-Øn-\p≈ bmK-]oTw (38:1˛7)
I¿Ømhmb tbip-{InkvXp Xs∂-Øs∂ ssZh-
Øn\p ]q¿Æ-bm-K-ambn A¿∏n® {Iqin-s\-bmWv Zl-
\-bm-KØ- ns‚ bmK-]oTw {]Xn-\n-[o-Ic
- n-°p-∂X
- v. Ahs‚
bmK-a-c-W-Øm-e-√msX ssZh-Øn-¶-te°p thsd {]th-
i-\-an-√.
14. Xm{a-sØm´n (38:8)
hN-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Pe-Øns‚ Igp-I¬ (F-s^.
5:26)sIm≠v Xs‚ P\sØ ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂ {InkvXp-
hns‚ Ct∏m-gsØ ip{iq-j-sb-bmWv Xm{a-sØm´n {]Xn-
\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. GsXmcp ip{iqj-j sNøp-∂-Xn\pw
apºv ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ ssIIm¬ Igp-I-W-am-bn-cp-∂p,
AXp-sIm≠v I¿Øm-hns\ ^e-{]-Z-amb hn[-Øn¬
tkhn-°p-hm≥ \ap°p Ign-b-W-sa-¶n¬ AXn-\p-apºv
\ΩpsS {]hr-Ønbpw \S∏pw ip≤o-I-cn-°-Ww. ip{iqj
sNøp∂ kv{XoI-fpsS Xm{a-Z¿∏W-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv
Xm{a-sØm´n ]Wn-X-Xv. kzb-a-l-Xzo-I-cWw ssZhn-I-ip-
{iq-jbv°v ]mX-sbm-cp-°n.
15. {]mIm-cw, XqWp-Iƒ, ad-»o-e-Iƒ (38:9˛11)
38:9˛20 sh≈ ]™n-\q¬sIm-≠p≈ ad-»o-e-Iƒ,
Xm{a-®p-h-Sp-Ifpw sh≈n-s°m-fp-Øp-I-fp≈ AºØn-
124
bmdp XqWp-Iƒ, {]th-i-\-Øn¶¬ Nn{X-Ø-ø-ep≈ Hcp
ad-»oe F∂nh Dƒs∏-´-Xm-bn-cp∂p Xncp-\n-hm-k-Øn\p
Np‰p-ap≈ {]mIm-cw. ssZh-tØm-S-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw
Ahn-izm-kn-bmb ]m]nsb XS-bp∂ \oXnsb shfpØ
]™n-\q¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-Ibpw F∂m¬ At∏mƒXs∂
AXp AIØp hnizm-knsb th¿Xn-cn®p kwc-£n-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. {]mIm-c-Øn-te-°p≈ GI-{]-th-i-\-
am¿§w hmXn- e m- b n- c p- ∂ p, AXp ]ncn- ® - ] - ™ n- \ q¬
sIm≠p-≠m-°n, \oe-\q¬, Nph-∏p-\q¬, [q{a-\q¬ F∂n-
h-sIm≠v Nn{X-Ø-ø¬ sNbvX-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-tØm-
S-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ GI-hgn F∂ \ne-bn¬ ChnsS CXp
{InkvXp-hn-s\-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (Rm≥ hmXn-em-
Ip∂p tbml. 10:9) ]™n-\q¬ Ahs‚ If-¶-an-√mØ
hnip-≤n-sb-bmWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv, \oe-\q¬ kz¿§ob
P∑-sØbpw [q{aw cmP-Iob al-Xz-sØbpw Nph∏v ]m]-
kw-_-‘-amb Xs‚ IjvS-X-tb-bp-amWv kqNn-∏n-°p-
∂Xv.
38:21˛23 ka¿∞-cmb the-°m-cpS t]cp-Iƒ ho≠pw
Bh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ssZh-Øn\p Hcp {]tXyI
ZuXyw sNøp-hm-\p-≈-t∏m-sg√mw AXp sNøp-hm-\p≈
BfpIsf Xm≥ Fgp-t∂-ev]n-°p-∂p. kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-
Øn-\p-th≠n s_k-te-en-s\bpw Hslm-en-bm-t_bpw
Ah≥ hnfn-®p. AXn-\mbn Ahsc \ntbm-Kn-®p. Be-
b-Øns‚ ]Wn-°p≈ km[-\-߃ \evIp-∂-Xn-\mbn
Ah≥ locm-an-s\-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. k`-bpsS sI´p-
]-Wn-°mbn Xnc-s™-SpØ Xs‚ the-°m-cmb ]utem-
kn-s\bpw ]s{Xm-kn-s\bpw Xm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®p.
38:24˛31 kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-tbm-
Kn® h-kvXp-°-fpsS ]´nI hfsc {i≤-tbm-Sp-IqSn Xøm-
dm-°-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. C∂sØ hne-h®p t\m°p-tºmƒ
AXv At\-I-Z-i-e£w tUmf¿ hne-a-Xn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-
∂p. F\n°p ]nSn-®p-h-bv°p-hm≥ H´p-an-√m-Ø-hn[w
Fs‚ sh≈n-bpw s]m∂pw FSp-Øp-sImƒI (34)F∂p
^e-Øn¬ ]d-™p-sIm≠v I¿Øm-hns‚ the-bv°p-
th≠n \ΩpsS kzØp-°ƒ ka¿∏n-°p-hm≥ \ap°pw
Ign-b-Ww.
G. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS hkv{X \n¿ΩmWw
(A.39)
39:1˛7 Ct∏mƒ \mw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS hkv{X-
\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-te°v h∂n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. \mw Bcw`-Øn-
¶¬ \mep \nd-ß-fpsS Bh¿Ø\w I≠p hnkva-bn-°-
s∏-Sp-∂p. \mep kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-
t]mse {InkvXp-hns‚ \m\m-ap-J-amb al-XzsØ AXp
{]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn Nne¿ ImWp-∂p. [q{aw ˛
aØmbn ˛ cmPmhv; Nph∏v ˛ a¿s°mkv ˛ IjvS-a-\p- -hn-
°p-∂-Zm-k≥; sh≈-˛-eq-s°m-kv-˛-]m-]-an-√mØ a\p-jy≥;
\oe ˛ tbml-∂m≥ kz¿§-Øn¬\n∂pw Cd-ßn-h-∂-h-
\mb ssZh- ] p- { X≥; Gt^m- Z nse s]m∂ns‚ \q¬
Ahs‚ ssZh-Xz-sØ-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (hm.3)
bn{km-tb-ense Bdp tKm{X-ß-fpsS hoXw t]cp-Iƒ
]pd-∏mSv 37,38,39
sImØ-s∏´ tKmta-Z-I-I√v Gt^m-Zns‚ Ccp Npa¬°-
≠-ß-fnepw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
39:8˛21 bn{km-tb¬ tKm{Xw Hmtcm-∂n\pw th≠n
am¿∏-X-°-Øn¬ hne-s∏´ ]{¥-≠p-I-√p-Iƒ ]Xn-®n-
cp∂p (hm. 10-˛14). \ΩpsS t{ijvT-a-lm-]p-tcm-ln-X-t\m-
Sp≈ _‘-Ønepw AXn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv. kphn-tij {]kw-
K-I-\mb ]o‰¿ s]¬ hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn AXp {]Xn-
]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. Ahs‚ Npa-ep-I-fpsS i‡nbpw lrZ-b-
Øns‚ kvt\lhpw ssZhnI km∂n-≤y-Øn-\p-ap-ºn¬
ssZh-P-\-ß-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ hln-°p-∂Xv Aß-s\-
bmWv.
39:22-˛26 Gt^m-Zns‚ ASn-bn¬ [cn-®n-cp∂ \oe-\n-
d-Øn-ep≈ Hcp hkv{X-am-bn-cp∂p Gt^m-Zns‚ A¶n.
AXns‚ hnfp-ºn¬ X¶w sIm≠p≈ aWn-Ifpw \oe-
\q¬, [q{a-\q¬, Nph-∏p-\q¬ F∂n-h-sIm-≠p≈ amX-f-
∏-g-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS t{ijvT-a-lm-]p-tcm-ln-
X-\n¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \Ωnepw Dfhm°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-
amb Bflob ^e-ß-f-°p-dn®pw km£y-sØ-°p-dn-®p-
amWv kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
39:27˛29 ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ G‰hpw BZyw [cn-°p∂
hkv{X-am-bn-cp∂p ]™n-\q¬sIm-≠p≈ D≈¶n (te-
hy. 8:7). AXn-\p-tijw al-Xz-Øns‚ hkv{X-߃ [cn-
°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. A\p-X]
- n® ]m]nsb BZyw Xs‚ kz¥w
\o-Xn-bn≥ hkv{Xw [cn-∏n-°p∂p (2-sIm-cn. 5:21). I¿Øm-
hmb tbip-{InkvXp aS-ßn-h-cp-tºmƒ Xs‚ kz¥-P-
\sØ al-Xz-Øns‚ hkv{Xw [cn-∏n°pw (^n-en. 3:20,21).
tXP-kv°-c-W-Øn\p ap∂ta htc-≠-XmWv \oXo-I-c-
Ww.
39:30,31 alm-]p-tcm-ln-Xs‚ hnip-≤a
- p-Sn-bnse kz¿Æ-
s\-‰n-∏X°w hnip-≤-h-kvXp-°ƒ kw_-‘n-®p≈ Ip‰w
Xm≥ hln-t°-≠-Xm-I-sIm≠v (]p-d-.28:38) btlm-hbv°p
hnip≤w F∂p ap{Z-s°m-Øm-bp≈ Hcp Fgp-Øp-sIm-
Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS {]hr-Øn-I-sf√mw ]m]-Øn¬
If-¶-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Ah ]nXm-hn-¶¬ FØp-
∂-Xn-\p-apºv F√m A]q¿Æ-X-I-fn¬ \n∂pw \ΩpsS
Bcm-[-\bpw ip{iq-jbpw \ΩpsS t{ijvT-a-lm-]p-tcm-
ln-X-\m¬ ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
39:32˛43 P\-߃ F√m ]Wnbpw Xo¿Øp kam-K-a-
\-Iq-Sm-c-Øns‚ `mK-߃ tamsi-bpsS ASp-Øp-sIm-≠p-
sN-∂-t∏mƒ Ah≥ AsXm-s°bpw t\m°n, btlm-h-
bpsS kphy-‡-\n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw Xs∂ Ah¿ F√m
]Wn-Ifpw sNbvXp Xo¿Øp F∂p I≠p. A\-¥cw
tamsi P\sØ A\p-{K-ln-®p.
H. kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cWw
(A. 40)
40:1˛8 h¿j-Øns‚ H∂mw amkw H∂mw XobXn
kam-Km-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-sa∂v Xncp-\n-hmkw ]q¿Øo-I-cn°-W-
sa∂v ssZhw Iev]n-®p (hm.1,2). CXv ]pd-∏m-Sn\v GI-
tZiw Hcp-h¿jw Ign-™pw, ko\m-bn-¶¬ FØn-b-Xn\p
 ]pd-∏mSv 39,40
F´-c-am-k-߃°p tijhpw Bbn-cp-∂p. Hmtcm D]-I-
c-Whpw hbvt°-≠-ÿm-\hpw Ah¿ hnh-cn-®n-cp∂p (]p-
d. 26-˛mw A≤ym-b-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-
°p∂ Nn{Xw t\m°p-I).
40:9˛17 9:15 hsc-bp≈ hmIy-ß-fn¬ kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-
cw, AXnse D]-I-c-W-߃, alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-s‚bpw
]p{X-∑m-cp-sSbpw A`n-tjIw kw_-‘n-®p≈ \n¿t±-i-
߃ F∂nh Bh¿Øn- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. bn{km-
tb¬P\w an{kbow hn´-Xn\p Gsd-°psd Hcp h¿j-
Øn-\p-tijw (hm.16,17) H∂mw-amkw H∂mw-Xo-bXn B
\n¿t±-i-߃ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°-s∏-´p.
40:18-˛33 Aßs\ tamsi Xncp-\n-hmkw \nhn¿Øp.
IqSm-c-Øns‚ Hmtcm `mK-ß-tfm-Sp≈ _‘-Ønepw
AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS Hmtcm C\w
kw_-‘n-®p-ap≈ hni-Z-amb \n¿t±-i-߃ B henb
\nb-a-Zm-Xm-hv, btlmh tami-tbmSp Iev]n-®-Xp-t]m-se-
Xs∂ Fßs\ \n¿∆sh∂v Cu JfinI ]d-bp-∂p.
Ah-km-\-ambn Xncp-\n-hm-k-Øn\p Np‰pw {]mImcw
\ndp-Øn. AXn {][m-\a
- mb Hcp ZuXyw \∂mbn sNbvXp
Xo¿Ø-Øns‚ aq¿≤-\y-amb hm°p-Iƒ At∏m-gmWv
{]m]n-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\ tami-bpsS {]hrØn kam-]n®p.
40:34˛38 taLw kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-csØ aqSn, btlm-h-
bpsS tXP v Xncp- \ n- h m- k sØ ad- ® - X p- s Im≠v
tamsibv°v AIØp IS-∏m≥ Ign-™n√. P\-tØm-
sSm∏w Ah-cpsS bm{X-I-fn¬ A\p-bm{X sNbvXp-sIm-
≠n-cp-∂Xv Cu taL-am-bn-cp-∂p. taLw k©-cn-°p-
tºmƒ am{Xta Ah¿°pw k©-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-
bn-cp-∂p-≈p. AXp \nev°p-∂-bn-SØp Ahcpw bm{X
\n¿Ø-Wa - m-bn-cp∂p (hm. 34-˛38). tehn-tKm-{X-Ønse Hcw-
K-sa∂ \ne-bn¬, Al-tcm-\nepw ]p{X-∑m-cnepw Cu
DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Gev]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-hsc ]utcm-lnXy
ip{iq-j-Iƒ sNøp-hm≥ {]Xy-£-Øn¬ tbmKy-\m-bn-
cp∂p tamsi (te-hy. 8).
an{k-bo-an¬ \n∂p≈ P\-Øns‚ hnSp-Xe- n\pw ko\m-
bn-]¿∆-X-Øn-¶¬ kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-Xn\p
at≤y-bp≈ h¿j-ß-fnse ssZh-P-\-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-amWv
]pd-∏mSp ]pkvX-Iw.{InkvXp-hns‚ at\m-l-c-ß-fmb
{]Xn-cq-]-ßfpw Ahs‚ [m¿ΩnI sshin-jvSy-ß-fpw-
sIm≠v Cu ]pkvXIw \nd-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. al-Xz-
Øn\pw tbmKy-\mb {InkvXp-hns\ Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw
Ahs‚ hnip-≤n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ \S-°bpw sNtø-
≠Xv \ΩpsS IS-a-bm-Wv.
ENDNOTES
1(2:9,10) The Hebrew Mashah, “draw out’’ may
be actually a bilingual play on words. The Hebrews
used puns even in serious situations, such as the
125
naming of children. (see, for example, the naming of
Jacob’s sons in Genesis 29, 30)
2(2:9,10)C.H. Mackintosh, Genesis to
Deuteronomy, p.144.
3(3:1-4) Appropriately, the Scottish Covenanter
adopted the burning bush as their emblem, with the
motto bellow: “Nec consummaretur’’ (“Yet it was
not consumed’’)
4(3:6) R. Alan Cole, Exodus: An Introduction and
Commentary, P.66
5(3:7-12)J Oswald Sanders, On to Maturity, p.56
6(3:13,14)Some Bible, Such as the Moffatt
Version, translate the name by “the Eternal’’ (cf. also
Louis Segond’s French version: “I’eternel”).
7(5:2-14) Cole, Exodus, p.82 The author attempts
to reproduce the contemptuous attitude or the
taskmasters in English by the translation “stub
themselves stubble’’ (v.12)
8(8:20 -24) The Septuagint, which was produced
in Egypt and may reflect local knowledge and may
reflect local knowledge and Jewish tradition,
translates by dog-fly (kynomuia), a gadfly with a
painful bite. See Cole, Exodus, pp.93,94 for more
details.
9(10:29) Matthew Henry, “Exodus,” in Matthew
Henry’s Commentary on the Whole Bible, 1:314.
10(12:11-20) Cole, Exodus, p.108.
11(13:17-20) C.F. Pfeiffer, Baker’s Bible Atlas,
pp. 73,74
12(13:21,22) Henry.”Exodus,”1:328.
13(14:15-18) Henry. “Exodus ,” 1:332.
14(15:1-21) Dr. H. C. Woodring, unpublished
notes Emmaus Bible School.
15(15:1-21) Henry, “Exodus,”1:335, 336
16(:1-19) The name is not related to the English
Word sin.
17(19:1-9) D.L .Moody, Notes From My Bible,
pp. 33, 34.
18(Essay) The New Scofield Study Bible, New
King James Version,p.4.
126
19(Essay) The old charge that dispensationalists
believe in “seven different ways to get saved “ is
totally false.
20(Essay) Some do accept one of the ordinances.
21( 21:1-6) This is the second stanza of Bishop
Handley C. G. Moule’s hymn, “My Glorious Victor,
Prince Divine,” Hymns of Truth and praise,#535.
22(23:18, 19) Orthodox Jews have two complete
sets of china: one for meat product and one for milk
products. To discourage Jews from eating meat and
milk products in the same meal some cafeterias in
Israel force one to go through two lines to have both.
One Jerusalem cafeteria visited by the editor of this
volume actually had the meat and milk lines on
separate floors!
23(23:20-33) Henry, “Exodus,” 1:376.
24(25:14)The Word Cherub may come from a
Semitic root meaning “bless,” “praise,” or “adore,
but it is more commonly held to be from the Hebrew
Karav, draw near Thus Cherubim are “covering ones”
or those who draw near as protectors.
25(26:14) The reason for the variety of
translations is that we do not Know for sure which
animal skin the Hebrew word refers to.
26(28:36-38) Archbishop Beveridge, further
documentation unavailable
27(30:1-10)The Greek World thumiaterion
literally means “place (or thing ) for incense.” Hence
it could refer to the in censer alter or to the censer
which was taken behind the censer which was taken
behind the veil on the Day of Atonement, filled with
incense from the altar.
28(31:1-11) it is noteworthy that the national art
academy in modern Israel is named after Bezalel.
29(Essay) The typology of the tabernacle is
widely held among evangelical believers, through
obviously all details. Some Christians accept
Specifically in the NT, Chiefly in Hebrews. See
Genesis 42 for a brief discussion of typology.
30(32:30-35) Some believe that like Paul fifteen
centuries later; Moses was willing to be accursed and
lost if it would save his fellow Israelites.
31(33:18-23) Hywel R. Jones, further
documentation unavailable.
32(37:6-9) The same Greek word, hilasterion,
means both propitiation( satisfaction by sacrifice) and
place of propitiation(i.e., the mercy seat).
33(37:10-16) G. Morrish, New and Concise Bible
Dictionary,p.54.
34(38:24-31) It is much easier to sing this line
from France Ridley Havergal’s great spiritual hymn,
“Take My life and let It Be,” than it is to practice it!
 127

NOTES