Fact.

The core of nonfiction is

fact. Factual information shall be
included
in the piece and not a made up
information.
◦Extensive research. Conducting
and gathering information
through
research provide accurate and
reliable information that you
may use in
writing your nonfiction write-up.
◦Reportage/reporting.
Documenting the gathered
information like
interview and reports helps you
keep records and files for future
usages.
◦Personal experience and
personal opinion. Since the main
source of
contents are based from the
personal experiences and personal
insights of
the writer, it makes an easy way to
write a piece.
◦Explanation/Exposition.
Explaining the story to the reader
is expected to
attain the objectives of the piece.
◦Essay format. The outputs in
creative nonfiction are often in
essay format.
Examples: Procedural Essay,
Personal Essay, Literary essays,
descriptive
essay
Fact. The core of nonfiction is
fact. Factual information shall be
included
in the piece and not a made up
information.
◦Extensive research. Conducting
and gathering information
through
research provide accurate and
reliable information that you
may use in
writing your nonfiction write-up.
◦Reportage/reporting.
Documenting the gathered
information like
interview and reports helps you
keep records and files for future
usages.
◦Personal experience and
personal opinion. Since the main
source of
contents are based from the
personal experiences and personal
insights of
the writer, it makes an easy way to
write a piece.
◦Explanation/Exposition.
Explaining the story to the reader
is expected to
attain the objectives of the piece.
◦Essay format. The outputs in
creative nonfiction are often in
essay format.
Examples: Procedural Essay,
Personal Essay, Literary essays,
descriptive
essay
Fact. The core of nonfiction is fact. Factual information shall be included

in the piece and not a made up information.

◦Extensive research. Conducting and gathering information through

research provide accurate and reliable information that you may use in

writing your nonfiction write-up.

◦Reportage/reporting. Documenting the gathered information like

interview and reports helps you keep records and files for future usages.
◦Personal experience and personal opinion. Since the main source of

contents are based from the personal experiences and personal insights of

the writer, it makes an easy way to write a piece.

◦Explanation/Exposition. Explaining the story to the reader is expected to

attain the objectives of the piece.

◦Essay format. The outputs in creative nonfiction are often in essay format.

Examples: Procedural Essay, Personal Essay, Literary essays, descriptive

essay

Storytelling/narration. The goal, challenges and obstacles, a turning

point, and resolution of the story shall be delivered spontaneously to help

the readers understand the flow of the story.

◦Character/Characterization. In a nonfiction story, characters are also

important. The main character serves as the core or central idea of the

storyline. The story revolves to the experiences of the main character with

the help of the other characters.

In addition to some of my father’s idiosyncrasies, however, he is also one of the most kind-hearted and
loving people in my life. One of his signature actions is the ‘cry-smile,’ in which he simultaneously cries
and smiles any time he experiences a strong positive emotion (which is almost daily).

◦Setting, atmosphere and scene. The writer creates scenes that are action

-oriented; include dialogue; and contain vivid descriptions.

SETTING answers the question "where" and"when"

also includes surrounding of the characters: trees, food, inside the car

weather: cloudy, sunny, windy

geographical location: city, state, country

pHYSICAL SETTING where the story takes places

General: farm, school, laboratory

Specific: Fort Santiago

General: Christmas season

Specific: December 16, 2019

◦Plot and plot structure. These are the main events that make up the

story.

Beginning – initiating event

Exposition – background information

Rising action with conflict = the tension or problem experienced by the character

Climax- the most intense part of the story or most exciting part, highest dramatic tensions

Falling action or resolution = how the tension or problem solved

Ending – completes the story

In a personal essay, there might be only one event. In a memoir,

there are often several significant events.

◦Figurative language. The use of figurative languages helps the writer to

provide aesthetics to the piece. It gives vibrant effect to the story.

Metaphor. An implicit comparison be-tween two or more things.

Ex. Your brother is an angel for me.

When he gets furious, Mr. Mayamot is one hungry tiger.

Simile An explicit comparison be-tween two or more things using the words "like" or "as."

Ex. My love for you is like this river flow. It won’t stop.

Mr.Mayamot is like a hungry tiger when he gets furious .

◦Imagery. The use of different sensory images helps also to add color in

writing a nonfiction piece. visual (sight), auditory (sound), olfactory (smell), tactile (touch),

or gustatory (taste) imagery

Imagery A literary device that appeals

to the reader’s physical

senses.

One might describe a lemon as yellow, sour-smelling and tasting, and with a
smooth, bumpy skin. They might describe the sound of the lemon as a thump on
the table if it is dropped, or squelching if it is squished underfoot .

◦Angle/Point of view. Most of the time nonfiction adheres with the use of
First Person Point of View since the experiences are being told.

1st person

Narrator uses 1st person pronouns (I/me/mine or us/we/ours)

Ex. I tripped on the last stair, preoccupied by what my sister had said, and felt my stomach drop.

2nd person

Narrator uses 2nd person pronouns (you/you/your)

Ex. Your breath catches as you feel the phantom step.

O, staircase, how you keep me awake at night.

3rd person

Narrator uses 3rd person pronouns (he/him/his, she/her/hers, they/they/theirs)

He was visibly frustrated by his sister’s nonchalance and wasn’t watching his step.

Beneath the surface, his sister felt regretful. Why did I tell him that? she wondered.

◦Dialogue. This can help to make the story run within the characters.

Hate to break it to you, but your story is boring."

"What? Why do you say that?" he stuttered as his face reddened.

"Because you did not include any dialogue," she laughed.

◦Theme. It is the central idea or universal truth presented in the work.

Scene . One of the most important techniques of creative nonfiction

is writing in scenes. A scene recreates the experience of the writer for the reader. A

scene evokes. To write a scene, you must show the reader what is happening. A

scene often includes:

Setting - time and place of the story

Action - something that happens

Dialogue - something being said

Vivid description - concrete and specific details

Imagery - language that invokes reader’s sense of sight, smell, taste, touch,

hearing

Point of View - first, second, third persons

Figurative language - simile, metaphor, etc.

Beginning, middle and ending - a scene has a beginning, middle and end

Techniques of Fiction. You’ll also rely on the techniques of fiction to tell a true

story, including:

 Setting-time and place and context, which provides the backdrop to the

true story

 Narrative Arc ( inciting incident, conflict and setback, climax, epiphany,

resolution)

 Point of View- first person “I”, Second Person “You”, third person “He/

She”

 Character development- Developing character through action, dialogue,

description

 Vivid Description-descriptions that are concrete and specific

 Use of imagery-literal imagery through description; figurative imagery with

simile or metaphor

 Theme-the meaning of the story

Literary elements are the fundamental building blocks of writing. They play an important

role in helping us write, read and understand literature .

Literary elements are specific ways that storytellers use words in specific

patterns to tell their stories. They are considered as main tools in a writer’s

toolbox.

Here are the main reasons to use literary devices in your writing:

1. Include special effects in writing. Some portion of appearing, and not telling,

through your story includes the utilization of literary devices and different

strategies in your narration.

2. Establish connection with your audience. You can bring the reader into your

story, and urge them to connect with the content. Literary devices can

stimulate the reader’s mind, and giving them a deeper reading experience.

3. Interests hooks the reader. Without literary devices, there is a huge

possibility that the story will be dull and boring. By incorporating literary

techniques in your writing, you add vivid color and interests to your words, and

avoid being a dull.

4. Use abstract information. More common in fiction stories, literary devices can

help the author convey abstract concepts or information to the reader. They

can help communicate the work’s overall meaning or theme, without the writer

having to directly state the purpose.

5. Establish clear and vivid pictures with your words. Literary devices like

imagery can help to create visual pictures or imageries in the reader’s

imagination.

introduction:

As with any narration, the first step that must be performed is setting up the scene. Describe the time of
day, place or location, and give a background of the current situation. This initial set up is vital because it
sets the mood and flow of the entire story. That being said, make sure to spark up the setting as much as
possible to create an excellent illustration in the reader’s mind. Use vivid details; things such as
personifications, metaphors, and symbols are a great way to shake up the story from the start! A very
common tactic used by famous writers is to throw the reader right into the action. For example, the
story could start out with somebody getting murdered, or it could be a flash forward into an event that
will occur later on. Since this is your story, create an intro that is exciting to read and make it unique in
accordance with your style.

Body Paragraph:

The bodies are used to develop the plot and move the story forward. However, these paragraphs can
also be used to change up the mood and tempo. Since your great introduction set the base for those
two aspects, it is not a bad idea to change it up. For example, if the story is moving at a slow rate, as the
author you can input the confrontation right then and there. This catches the reader off guard and
switches up the mood and tempo of the narration. You can also create a false confrontation, keeping
your readers on their toes.

Conclusion:

The conclusion usually allows the writer to tidy up the plot. Create a set-up, present a confrontation and
sum things up with a resolution. Most of the time, the conclusion will not build up to the peak of the
story, but many professional creative paper writers use cliffhangers. This is a writing technique that
allows the author to leave the story unfinished and leave the audience in a cloud of suspense, never to
be truly discovered. 
Narration
CREATIVE NONFICTION

01 CHARACTER

Beings who live in the story.

Can be human, animals, inanimate (not

alive) objects, supernatural presences

(goblins, fairies, or elves)

Visual imagery : visual imagery appeals to our sense of sight. When you can visualize the colors, shapes,
forms, and aesthetics of something that’s described to you,

A field of cotton—

as if the moon

had flowered.”

festive colors everywhere  Busy streets and entertaining contests

Auditory: auditory imagery appeals to our sense of sound. When you can hear sounds like nature,
machinery, or someone’s voice, it’s because of the description

Our ears are stoppered

in the bee-hum. And Charlie,

laughing wonderfully,

beard stained purple

by the word juice,

goes to get a bigger pot.”

People singing despite their out-of-tune karaoke

Olfactory - olfactory imagery appeals to our sense of smell By describing the peculiarities of a scent—its
richness, pungence, weight, distinctness, or physical effect—the author transports the reader through
the use of olfactory imagery.

The flower shop was here and it was my father’s domain, but it was also
marvelously other, this place heavy with the drowsy scent of velvet-
petaled roses and Provencal freesias in the middle of winter, the damp-
earth spring fragrance of just-watered azaleas and cyclamen all mixed up
with the headache y smell of bitter chocolate.”
 Gustatory : appeals to our sense of taste If you’ve ever done a wine or coffee tasting, you know exactly
how complex a flavor can be. Gustatory imagery captures a flavor’s richness, acidity, earthiness,
sweetness, bitterness, harshness

“I have eaten

the plums

that were in

the icebox

and which

you were probably

saving

for breakfast

Forgive me

they were delicious

so sweet

and so cold.”

Mouth-watering delicacies ,

Tactile stimulates your sense of touch.

Tactile: Sensations like itching, stickiness, and the warmth of sunlight all count as tactile imagery, which
appeals to the way your skin might feel in that moment.

“Are All the Break-Ups in Your Poems Real?

If by real you mean as real as a shark tooth stuck

in your heel, the wetness of a finished lollipop stick,

the surprise of a thumbtack in your purse—

then Yes, every last page is true, every nuance,

bit, and bite.”

Kinesthetic: called kinesthesia, refers to descriptions of motion. The sensations one feels when on the
move, like running against the wind or swimming through brisk waters

It was strange, learning the contours of another’s loneliness. You could

never know it all at once; like stepping inside a dark cave, you felt along
the walls, bumping into jagged edges.”
busy streets and entertaining contests • Performing rituals

What comes around, goes around. The  Where the Red Fern
Circle of Life dwells on life’s transience Grows by Wilson
Circle of Life
and impermanence: how death isn’t Rawls
death, just an evolution.

Also known as a bildungsroman,  Jane Eyre by

Coming of Age involves the intense Charlotte Bronte
Coming of
experiences of growing up, and how  Great Expectations by
Age
these experiences shape the future of the Charles Dickens
protagonist.
Whether it’s faith in God, other people,  The Brothers
Faith vs or the protagonist’s own self, believing Karamazov by Fyodor
Doubt isn’t easy—but is it worth doing Dostoevsky
anyway?
 Anna Karenina by Leo
Tolstoy
Many families are connected by blood,
 Homegoing by Yaa
but to overcome certain obstacles,
Family Gyasi
literary families must strengthen their
 Pachinko by Min Jin
ties to each other.
Lee

 Romeo & Juliet by

How much of our actions are decided by William Shakespeare
Fate vs Free
fate, and how much does free will really  The Alchemist by
Will
control? Paulo Coelho

 Doctor Faustus by
One can argue that every story is about
Christopher Marlowe
good vs evil, assuming the story has a
 The Strange Case of
protagonist and antagonist. Still, good
Good vs Evil Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
and evil are in eternal conflict with each
Hyde by Robert Louis
other, so writers must document how
Stevenson
this conflict evolves.

Hubris Hubris refers to excessive self-  Frankenstein by Mary

 Shelley
confidence and the terrible decisions that  The Iliad by Homer
arise from it. Many works of literature
explore hubris as man’s defiance of  The story of Adam &
God/the gods, or else man himself Eve in The Book of
playing God. Genesis

At some point in their life, the  Kafka on the Shore by

protagonist asks the question: who am I? Haruki Murakami
Additionally, “Identity” refers to the  The Idiot by Elif
Identity qualities that make one person distinct Batuman
from another. How much of a  Encircling by Carl
difference exists between you and I? Frode Tiller

 To Kill a
Mockingbird by
What makes a society just? What are the Harper Lee
proper consequences for people who do  Hamlet by William
Justice the wrong thing? Who is best equipped Shakespeare
to dispense justice? Are we collectively  Crime and
responsible for each other’s actions? Punishment by Fyodor
Dostoevsky

 Colorless Tsukuru
Loneliness affects the way people think, Tazaki and His Years
act, and view the world. The theme of of Pilgrimage by
loneliness charts how certain characters Haruki  Murakami
Loneliness
contend with their loneliness, and  “A Clean, Well-
whether man can survive this Lighted Place” by
disconnection from others. Ernest Hemingway

 Lord of the Flies by

William Golding
 Into the Forest by Jean
Man’s natural inclination is to dominate
Man vs Hegland
the land, but nature has its own means of
Nature  Power by Linda
survival.
Hogan


Man vs Self Sometimes, the protagonist is their own  Their Eyes Were
 adversary. In order to overcome certain Watching God by Zora
challenges, the protagonist must first Neale Hurston
overcome their own internal conflicts.
 Nineteen Eighty-Four:
A Novel by George
When the story’s antagonist is society- Orwell
at-large, the protagonist must convince  The Handmaid’s
Man vs
the world that it’s sick—or else die Tale by Margaret
Society
trying. Some protagonists also try to Atwood
escape society altogether.  Fahrenheit 451 by
Ray Bradbury

Power corrupts, and absolute power  In the Time of the

corrupts absolutely. This theme is often Butterflies by Julia
Power and closely related to “Man vs Society.” Alvarez
Corruption Additionally, “Power” can refer to a  Animal Farm by
person’s political leadership, personal George Orwell
wealth, physical prowess, etc.
 Wuthering Heights by
Love makes the world go round, but it’s Emily Bronte
not always easy to find. Whether it’s  Why be Happy When
Pursuit of romantic, familial, or platonic love, You Could be
Love there’s much to be said about love’s Normal? By Jeanette
pursuit—and the conflict that comes Winterson
from pursuing it.  Emma by Jane Austen

When someone wrongs you or the  The Count of Monte

people you love, revenge is tempting. Cristo by Alexandre
Revenge
But, is revenge worth it? Can revenge Dumas
beget justice? And how far is too far?
When you truly love someone, you’re
 Beloved by Toni
willing to sacrifice everything for them.
Morrison
Sacrificial Sacrifice is a component of all themes
 The Leavers by Lisa
Love concerning love, though this is
Ko
especially true for stories about motherly
love.
Survival When survival is at stake, people  Sir Gawain and the
discover the limits of their own power. Green Knight, author
The theme of survival applies to stories unknown
  Oryx and Crake by
about being lost in the wilderness, but it Margaret Atwood
also applies to stories about the survival  Heart of Darkness by
of ideas, groups, and humanity-at-large. Joseph Conrad

Whether it’s because of technology,

 My Year of Meats by
climate change, or our increasingly
Ruth Ozeki
The online world, man’s relationship to the
 Prodigal Summer by
Environment environment is ever-evolving. Themes
Barbara Kingsolver
in literature concerning the environment
often coincide with “man vs nature.”
 For Whom the Bell
Tolls by Ernest
Mankind has been at war with itself
Hemingway
since the dawn of civilization. The
 The Red Badge of
causes of war, as well as its impacts on
War Courage by Stephen
society, are topics of frequent musing by
Crane
writers—especially writers who have
 The Art of War by Sun
been at war themselves.
Tzu