UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

School of Liberal Arts and Teacher Education

Tuguegarao City 3500

A Detailed Lesson Plan in Science

GRADE 10
Evolution of the concept
about
Atomic Models

Prepared By:
Rehina M. Asuten
Pre- Service Teacher
I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:
A. Describe the different atomic models;
B. Develop a model that displays the properties and location of a proton, neutron and
electron within an atom and
C. Relates the important of the development of atom in today’s generation.

II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: Evolution of the concept about Atomic models
B. Reference: Science - Grade 9 Science Quarter 2 Module 1 pp.92-93 and youtube
videos.
C. Materials: Projector, Laptop for powerpoint and pictures.
D. Values Integrated: Understanding and cooperation.

III. Learning Procedure

A. Daily Routine
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
Good Morning Class
“Good Morning Ma’am!”
Let us Pray First…

(One Student will lead the Prayer)

Okay who is absent?
(checking attendance)

None Ma’am

Please pick up the pieces of

paper under your chair and
arranged your chair properly (Students picks up the pieces of paper under
before we start their chair and arranged their chair properly)

B. Motivation
Before we begin our lesson ,
lets have as a short game first ,
we called it Jumble.I will be
showing pictures and try to
arrange the jumbled letter to
form a word. So without further
ado lets start this game.

First Word: RMTAET

(Show picture) Matter

Okay lets check , Very Good!

Anything that has mass and
occupies space is called Matter.

Second Word: MOTA

Atom
(Show picture)

Very Good, yes Atom, it is the

smallest unit of matter and the
building blocks of matter.
 Third word: TRONPSO
Protons
(Show picture)

What is this word? This is

protons Very Good, this is the
positive charge particle.

How about the fourth one :

TRELCEONS
Electrons
(Show picture)

Excellent yes its electrons,this are the

negatively charge particle.

Okay the last one, SNORTUEN

Neutrons
(Show picture)

That is Neutrons that is

correct,this are uncharge
particle neither positive or
negative, they were discovered
by James chadwick in 1932.

Okay that’s it class you did

great!
C. Presentation
The activity earlier has
something to do with our lesson
for today , Class do you have
any idea about our new topic?

“Ma’am the evolution of Atomic models”

Very Good, Yes our lesson for

today is all about the evolution
of atomic models.

Now I expect that at the end of the

lesson you may be able to describe
the different atomic models,develop
a model that displays the properties
and location of a proton, neutron
and electron within an atom and
Relates the important of the
development of atom in today’s
generation.

D. Lesson Proper
Okay lets start

But first thing first what is atom again

class?

The smallest particle of an element .

Very Good, the smallest substance that

can take part in any chemical reaction.

Let us have the first person who began

to search for a description of matter. He
is Democritus

He is a greek philosopher who began to

search for a description of matter.He
named the smallest piece of matter:”
Atomos” meaning “not to be cut”.

And this is his atomic model they were

small ., hard particles that were all
made of the same material but were
different shapes and sizes example sour
or shape tasting things were made of
particles with pointy edges, sweet stuff
were made of more rounded or smooth
atoms and metals were compose of hard
atoms, this piece is indivisible.

(Show picture)

So take a look on his atomic model.

The question is what do you think why

other greek philosopher rejected his
atomos?

“ Because they felt its illogical”

Very good, instead they proposed

different theory were they include
various combinations of elements.

Next is John Dalton , 1766-1844,

Specifically 1803 John Dalton ( English
Chemist)performed a number of
experiments that eventually led to the
acceptance of the idea of atoms.He
deduced that all elements are composed
of atoms and this his atomic
model.Daltons pictured the atoms as
tiny indestructible spheres with mass .

(Show picture )

Class how will you describe this Dalton

Atomic Model base on this picture?
“They are ball like Ma’am”

Yes, he defined an atom to be a ball-

like structure, as the concepts of atomic
nucleus and electrons were unknown at
the time.
As you can see atoms of the same
element are exactly alike .According to
him atoms of different elements are
different.Compounds are formed by the
joining of atoms of two or more
elements.

So this is John Dalton Atomic model.

Next Joseph John Thompson, in 1856-

1940, J.J Thompson , an English
Scientist provided the first hint that an
atom is made of even smaller
particles.Additional information he
introduced the idea about the negatively
charged particle called “Electrons”.

His model is also known as Plum

Pudding Atomic Model (1904),
according to him atoms were made
from positively charged substance with
negatively charged electrons scattered
about like raisins in a pudding,

The question is why his atomic model

discarded?
“ I observe in the picture the atom was not
stable Ma’am”

( Show Picture)

Excellent, Yes It was discarded

because he was unable to precisely
account for the stability of the atom.

Next let us have Ernest Rutherford, In

1871-1937, E.Rutherford , an English
Physicist , was hand at work on
experiment.

(Show Picture)

He reasoned that all atoms that are

positively charged particles were
contained in the nucleus.
As you can see all the protons are
contained in the nucleus, were the
electrons are scattered outside the
nucleus around the atoms edge so this
is the Ernest Rutherford Atomic Model
called nuclear Model in 1911.

But why nuclear model of Rutherford

got rejected?

Rutherford's atomic model failed to

explain the stability of electrons in a
circular path.

Next is Niels Bohr, In (1885-1962), N.

Bohr, a Danish Scientist proposed an
improvement specifically on 1913.

(Show picture)

This is his atomic model, he placed

each electron in an specific energy level
. The closer the shell is to the nucleus,
the smaller the energy of that
shell. Electrons move in definite orbits
around the nucleus , much like planet
circles the sun ( Solar System), These
orbits , or energy levels are located at
certain distances from the nucleus.So
this his atomic model.However this
model explained atomic properties of
Hydrogen but not those of the other
elements.

Now let us proceed to Arnold

Sommerfeld, A. Sommerfeld, a brilliant
German Physicist , modified Niels
Bohr’s atomic theory to include
elliptical orbits.

(Show picture)

This is Arnold Sommerfeld atomic

model, according to him electrons are
moving around the nucleus.Assumed
that orbits doesn’t have to be spherical
but can also elliptical and this is the
most popular image of atom.

And the last one Erwin Schrodinger in

(1926) , a physicist and biologist , was
considered the Father of Quantum
Mechanics.Todays atomic model is
based on the principle of wave
mechanics.According to him electron
do not move around an atom is a
definite path like the planets around the
sun .

Take a look on his atomic model,

( Show picture)
According to him a space in which
electron are likely to be found ,
Electrons whirl about the nucleus
billions of times in one second. They
are not moving around in random
patterns and locations of electrons
depends upon how much energy the
electron have.
It defines regions around the nucleus,
called atomic orbitals, where electrons
are most likely located. Each electron
in a orbital has a characteristic energy
and spin as described by its quantum
number.

Quantum Mechanical model, proposes

only probable locations of electrons in
region called atomic orbitals .

And that is how were the atoms are

develops throughout ages.
So what is the relationship among
energy levels , sub levels and orbitals?

To describe their relationship we

should described those using Four
Quantum Numbers.
Quantum numbers use to describe the
probable locations of electron in the
atom.

1. Principal quantum number,n (energy

level) aka “shell”.Has integer values of
1,2,3…It indicates the relative size and
energy of atomic orbitals.As n increases
, orbital becomes larger and energy
level increases.

(Shows picture)

2. Azimuthal quantum number or

Angular Momentum Quantum Number,
ℓ (Sublevel), defies the shape of the
orbital where an electron can be found,
has integer values between 0 and n-1 .
0,1,2,3 values are designated in orbital
shape s,p,d,f respectively.

The First one is the s sublevel which is

basically a Spherical shape,The second
one is the p sublevel is dumb bell
shape, we have the d sublevel ,the
shape is like 4 leaf clover remember in
every energy level there is every 5 four
leaf clover and f sublevel complex
shape . Now what you need to know is
that for the s sublevel ℓ =0 for p ℓ=1 for
d ℓ=2 and for f ℓ is always 3 .

(Shows picture of Shape of

Orbitals)

3. Magnetic quantum number , mℓ,

describes the orientation of the orbital
in space, has integer values between - ℓ
and +ℓ.

Its value depends on the angular

momentum value where, it can be from
the range of negative integer,zero (0) to
a positive integer

Orbitals ℓ value Mℓ value

s 0 0
p 1 -1,0,1
d 2 -2,-1,0,1,2
f 3 -3,-2,-
1,0,1,2,3
“Groups Ma’am”

4. Spin quantum number, ms, tells the

spin direction of an electron in a
magnetic field and has values of “Periods Ma’am”
+1/2(or↑) clockwise or -
1/2(or↓)counterclockwise.

Electrons act like they are spinning on

an axis and generate a magnetic
field.No two electrons in the same
orbital can have the same spin.

Now let us try to determine the set of

quantum numbers of a given atom but
first thing first ,
Class what again the vertical columns
of elements in the periodic table ?

Excellent ,How about the horizontal

rows?

Very Good!

Valence shell refers to the outermost or

highest level (n) of an atom and the
electrons in it is called valence
electrons.

Our given example atom is Nitrogen

(N) how do we know its set of quantum
numbers, we use step by step
procedures to easily understand it .

Step 1. Identify the atomic number of

the given element ( atom) using the
periodic table.

Atomic Number = 7

Step 2. Write the electronic

configuration of the given element . In
writing the electronic configuration we
can use Electron configuration
mnemonics as a guide in writing the
distribution of electrons in every
sublevels and orbitals of the given
element.

I’m sure you all know how to write

electronic configuration class ?
“Yes Ma’am”

Okay That’s good to know that you are

all familiar.
In Nitrogen has Atomic Number of 7,
the electron configuration is 1s2 2s2
2p3. remember that the sum of the
superscript should be equal to atomic
number of Hydrogen.

Step 3, we should know or identify the

highest energy level form the electron
configuration.

Remember the highest level is found at

the end of the electron configuration.

Step 4. Write the electron orbital

diagram of the given element. Here we
apply the concept of Aufbau principle
and Hunds’ Rule. We use electron
orbital diagram as a basis of writing
every electrons .According to the
Hunds rule we should put electrons in
every orbitals represented by line ray
facing upward before we put their
partner the line way facing downward .

Step 5.Write the set of quantum

numbers using the highest energy level.

2p3
↑ ↑ ↑
-1 0 1

N=2
I=1
mℓ=-1,0,0
ms= +1/2

Now class do you have any question?

“None Ma’am”

E. Application

Now let us have another activity.

I will divide the class into 5 groups.

Count 1-5.
(Start to count 1-5)
Now class go to your respective groups.

For the instruction: Choose any of the

Atomic models. Each group will create
a 3D model of those .Present it to class
after.

You are given 5 minutes to do the

tasked.

Okay Times up , let’s here the

presentation of group 1.
Possible outputs:

Group 1. Daltons Atomic Model describe as

ball-like structure, as the concepts of atomic
nucleus and electrons were unknown at the
time.

Very good , lets give them around of

applause.

let’s here the presentation of group 2.

Group 2. Thompson plum pudding model,

depicts atom as composed of a positively
charged sphere embedded with negatively
charged electrons as you can see in our
model here.

Very good , lets give them too around

of applause.

Now lets here the presentation of Group

3.
Group 3. Ernest Atomic Model, describe
 atom as mostly empty and has positivelt
charged center sorrounded by electrons as
you can see in our model here.

Very Good! Next let’s here the

presentation of group 4.

Group 4.Niels Bohr Atomic Model,electrons

move around the nucleus in orbits with fixed
sizes and energies as you can see in our
model.

Very good , lets give them too around

of applause.

let’s here the presentation of group 5.

Group 5.Quantum mechanical Model,regions

around nucleus called this atomic orbitals
where elecetrons are most likely located.

Excellent, lets give them around of too

applause.

Now pass all your outputs.

 F. Generalization

Now base on our lesson who

can give a short conclusion
about it?
There are 5 major historical models that
shows how atoms develop throughout ages
they are Dalton’s Model of the atom, J.J
Thompson Model of atom, Rutherfords
Atomic Model , Neil Bohr Theory and
Schrodinger Quantum Mechanical Model.

And how about the importance

the development of atoms in
todays generation?
“Nuclear technologies are used world-wide
to meet some of the fundamental needs of
modern daily life. These include access to
energy and proper medical care, food
production and the management of water
resources”
Excellent!

IV. Evaluation

A.
Directions: Read each item carefully . Write only the letter of the correct answer for each.1/2
sheet of paper.

1. Who modeled the atom as an indestructible sphere and the smallest particle of matter?
a) Sir joseph John Thompson
b) Ernest Rutherford
c) John Dalton
d) Niels Bohr
2. What atomic model which depicts the atom as composed positively charged sphere embedded
with negatively charged electrons?
a) Quantum Mechanical Model
b) Nuclear Atomic Model
c) Dalton Atomic Model’
d) Plum Pudding Model
3. The most widely accepted Atomic Models today?
a) Nuclear Model
b) Quantum Mechanical Model
c) Plum Pudding Model
d) Dalton Atomic Model
4. What is called the regions around the nucleus?
a) Electrons
b) Protons
c) Neutrons
d) Atomic Orbitals
5. What quantum number where it defines the shape of the orbital where an electron can be
found?
a) Magnetic Quantum Number
b) Principal Quantum Number
c) Azimuthal Quantum Number
d) Spin Quantum Number

B. Determine the set of quantum numbers of a given atom

1. Be
2. Li

Key answers:
A.
1. c

2. d

3. B

4. d

5. C

B.

1. Be
N=2, ℓ=0,Mℓ=0,Ms=-1/2
2. Li
N=2, ℓ=0, Mℓ=0, Ms=+1/2

V. Assignment

Review and have advance reading of chemical bonding.