University of engineering and technology, Lahore

Department of chemical engineering

Industrial stoichiometry-1
Assignment # 02
Submitted by : Muzamil Iqbal
2022-CH-53

Submitted to : Dr. Muhammad Azam Saeed

● U-Tube Manometer :

A manometer is an instrument that has a small tube in the shape of a U that is
filled with liquid to measure pressure or flow. A U-tube manometer is used as an indicator that the
fan on the mitigation system is working.

Uses of U-Tube Manometer :

A U-tube manometer is used to measure the pressure at a certain point.

Equation:

Pp = -(ρ2gh2+ρ1 gh1).
Figure of U-Tube Manometer:

● Differential U-Tube Manometer:

Differential Manometers are devices used for measuring the
difference of pressure between two points in a pipe or in two different pipes . A differential
manometer consists of a U-tube, containing a heavy liquid, whose two ends are connected to the
points, which difference of pressure is to be measure.

Uses of Differential U-Tube Manometer :

 They are a type of analogue manometer commonly used
as differential pressure measurement instruments with flow meters, often used when measuring
pressure difference in pitot tubes, nozzles and orifices in airflow and ventilation systems.

Equation:
P1 - P2 = Δp = (ρm - ρ)gh

Types of Differential U-Tube Manometer:

 U-tube differential manometer.

 Inverted U-tube differential manometer.

Figure of Differential U-Tube Manometer:

● Inverted U-Tube Manometer:

An inverted U-tube manometer is used to measure the
pressure difference between two pipes A and B, as shown in the figure. Pipe A is carrying
oil(specific gravity=0.8) and pipe B is carrying water. The densities of air and water are
1.16 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3, respectively.
Figure of Differential U-Tube Manometer:
● Small U-Tube Manometer :
The micro-manometer could be a special kind of of liquid column
manometers that that is predicated on the principle of inclined tube manometer. It used for the
measuring of very tiny variations of pressure or terribly low pressure variations.

Figure of small Manometer:

● Inclined U-Tube Manometer :

Inclined tube manometer is a simple and cheap instrument that is
commonly used for measuring differential pressure in a mine. It resembles to a U-tube Manometer.
One limb is a tube of uniform bore (6 mm internal diameter) which is kept inclined at a low angle to
the horizontal line.

Figure of small Manometer: