Fluid Mechanics I

ME 3131
Course Teacher: Md. Shamiul Basar Himel
Designation: Lecturer
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Imperial College of Engineering (ICE)
Khulna, Bangladesh
 Single column manometer
Vertical Single manometer
The volume that move from x-x to z-z datum
= the volume that rise in right tube above x-x datum
P1=P2

P+ρ1g(h 1+δh)= ρ 2g(h 2+δh)

P+ρ1g(h 1+ =ρ2g(h2+ )
is very small
So, P= ρ g(h )- ρ2 g(h2 )
1
1
Inclined single column manometers
 Example 1
The inclined manometer is filled with oil that has a specific gravity of
0.85 what angle a will yield a deflection 20 cm in the inclined tube when
the air pressure in the cistern is increased 600 N/m2
 Example 2
Figure shows a single column manometer connected to a pipe containing a liquid of
specific gravity 0.8 .the ratio of the reservoir to the limb is 100. find the pressure in the
pipe?
 Differential manometers
For measuring the difference of pressure between any 2
points in a pipeline or in 2 pipes or containers, it is employed.
some of the most common types of DM’s:
2-piezometer Manometer: Useful if, P at each of the points is small
cannot be used to measure the ∆P’s in gases.
Inverted U-tube manometer: used to measure small ∆P in liquids
upper part can be filled with a light manometric fluid (low Sp.gravity) or by air.
U-tube Differential manometer: lower part of manometer contains
heavy manometric fluid than the liquid of which the P has to be determined.
Micromanometer: for measuring very small ∆P or the measurement of ∆P
with very high precision
U –tube Differential manometer

U-shape glass tube

Example
 Inverted U-tube Differential manometers
Consists of glass tube in U-shape and
held inverted .
Example 4
 More about manometer
disadvantages of manometers:
▪Slow response - only useful for very slowly varying P’s- no use at all for
fluctuating P’s;
▪For the "U" tube manometer two measurements must be taken
simultaneously to get the h value. This may be avoided by using a tube
with a much larger cross-sectional area on one side of the manometer
than the other;
▪It is often difficult to measure small variations in pressure - a different
manometric fluid may be required - alternatively a sloping manometer
may be employed; It cannot be used for very large pressures unless
several manometers are connected in series;
▪For very accurate work the temperature and relationship between
temperature and P must be known;
advantages of manometers:
▪They are very simple.
▪No calibration is required.