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Multiplying by Whole Tens and Hundreds

1. a. Ten tens make a hundred. b. Ten hundreds make a thousand.
How about 20 tens or more? How about 20 hundreds or more?

10 tens = 10 × 10 = ____ 10 hundreds = 10 × 100 = ____

13 tens = 13 × 10 = ____ 12 hundreds = 12 × 100 = ____
20 tens = 20 × 10 = ____ 15 hundreds = 15 × 100 = ____
21 tens = 21 × 10 = ____ 18 hundreds = 18 × 100 = ____
37 tens = 37 × 10 = ____ 20 hundreds = 20 × 100 = ____

56 × 10 is the same as 10 × 56. Both are 560.

92 × 100 is the same as 100 × 92. Both are 9,200.

To multiply a number by 10, just tag a zero in the end.

To multiply a number by 100, just tag two zeros in the end.

10 × 56 = 560 100 × 47 = 4700

10 × 481 = 4,810 100 × 2,043 = 204,300

Note especially what happens when the number you multiply already ends in a zero.
The rule works the same; you still have to tag a zero or two zeros.

10 × 60 = 600 100 × 20 = 2,000

10 × 500 = 5,000 100 × 3,400 = 340,000

2. Multiply.

a. 10 × 315 = ____ b. 100 × 62 = ____ c. 10 × 25,000 = ____

3,560 × 10 = ____ 10 × 1,200 = ____ 100 × 25,000 = ____

35 × 100 = ____ 100 × 130 = ____ 10 × 5,060 = ____

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 What is 20 × 14? What is 200 × 31?
Imagine the problem without the zero. Imagine the problem without the zeros.
Then it becomes 2 × 14 = 28. Then, just Then it becomes 2 × 31 = 62. Then, just tag
tag a zero to the end result: 20 × 14 = 280. two zeros to the result: 200 × 31 = 6,200.

Why does that work? It is based on
the fact that 20 = 10 × 2. For example,
20 × 14 = 10 × 2 × 14
In that problem, first multiply
2 × 14 = 28. Then multiply by ten:
10 × (2 × 14) = 10 × 28 = 280.
Why does that work? It is based on the
fact that 200 = 100 × 2. For example,
200 × 31 = 100 × 2 × 31
In that problem, you can multiply first
2 × 31 = 62. Then multiply by a hundred:
100 × (2 × 31) = 100 × 62 = 6,200.

3. Multiply by 20 and 200.

a. 20 × 8 = ____ b. 200 × 7 = ____ c. 20 × 12 = ____ d. 20 × 16 = ____

4 × 20 = ____ 5 × 200 = ____ 35 × 20 = ____ 42 × 200 = ____

20 × 5 = ____ 11 × 200 = ____ 200 × 9 = ____ 54 × 20 = ____

The same principle works if you multiply by 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90. You can
imagine multiplying by 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, and then tag a zero into the end result.
Similarly, if you multiply by some whole hundred, imagine multiplying without
those two zeros, and tag the two zeros to the end result.

50 × 8 = 400 90 × 11 = 990 300 × 8 = 2,400 12 × 800 = 9,600

4. Multiply.

a. 40 × 3 = ____ b. 70 × 6 = ____ c. 80 × 9 = ____ d. 60 × 11 = ____

8 × 20 = ____ 50 × 11 = ____ 30 × 15 = ____ 12 × 40 = ____

e. 200 × 9 = ____ f. 700 × 6 = ____ g. 200 × 12 = ____ h. 3 × 1100 = ____

7 × 400 = ____ 600 × 11 = ____ 15 × 300 = ____ 8 × 900 = ____

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 It even works this way:
5. Multiply.
In a problem 40 × 70 you can just multiply
a. 20 × 90 = b. 60 × 80 =
4 × 7, and tag two zeros to the result:
70 × 300 = 30 × 900 =
40 × 70 = 2,800

In a problem 600 × 40 you can multiply c. 400 × 50 = d. 80 × 800 =

6 × 4, and tag three zeros to the result:
200 × 200 = 200 × 500 =
600 × 40 = 24,000

In a problem 700 × 800 you can multiply

7 × 8, and tag four zeros to the result. e. 100 × 100 = f. 800 × 300 =

700 × 800 = 560,000 40 × 30 = 90 × 1100 =

6. Write different factors for these products, using whole tens and whole hundreds.

Have you noticed?

a. 6 × ___ = 420 and b. ___ × ___ = 350 and
7 × 80 = 560 and
70 × 8 = 560 !! 60 × ___ = 420 ___ × ___ = 350

c. ___ × ___ = 280 and d. ___ × ___ = 400 and e. ___ × ___ = 990 and

___ × ___ = 280 ___ × ___ = 400 ___ × ___ = 990

Have you noticed?
6 × 400 = 2,400 and
60 × 40 = 2,400 and
600 × 4 = 2,400 !!
f. 2 × ___ = 1,800 and g. ___ × ____ = 5,400 and
20 × ___ = 1,800 and ___ × ____ = 5,400 and
200 × ___ = 1,800 ____ × ___ = 5,400

h. ___ × ____ = 3,000 and i. ___ × ____ = 3,600 and j. ___ × ____ = 3,600 and

___ × ____ = 3,000 and ___ × ____ = 3,600 and ___ × ____ = 3,600 and

____ × ___ = 3,000 ____ × ___ = 3,600 ____ × ___ = 3,600

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7. Find the missing factor. Think backwards of how many zeros you need.

a. ____ × 3 = 360 b. 40 × ____ = 320 c. ____ × 40 = 400

____ × 50 = 450 5 × ____= 600 ____ × 2 = 180

d. ____ × 30 = 4,800 e. 40 × ____ = 2,000 f. ____ × 800 = 56,000

____ × 200 = 1,800 6 × ____= 4,200 ____ × 20 = 12,000

8. Here is another method for finding ten times a number. We will find 10 × 88 in steps,
and start out by finding 2 × 88.

Find 2 × 88 by adding: 88 + 88 = _____ Find 9 × 88 by adding 88

to your previous result.
Find 4 × 88 by doubling the previous result.
9 × 88 = _____
4 × 88 = _____
Find 10 × 88 by adding 88
Find 8 × 88 by doubling the previous result. to your previous result.
8 × 88 = _____ 10 × 88 = _____

Did you get 880?

Do you prefer using the shortcut?

9. These questions help you find how to multiply money amounts by 10.

a. What is 10 × 40 ¢ in dollars? d. What is 10 × 80 ¢ in dollars?

b. What is 10 × $2? e. What is 10 × $11?

c. What is, therefore, 10 × $2.40? f. What is, therefore, 10 × $11.80?

g. What is 10 × 6 ¢ in cents? k. What is 10 × 5 ¢ in cents?

h. What is 10 × 20 ¢ in dollars? l. What is 10 × 10 ¢ in dollars?
i. What is 10 × $8? m. What is 10 × $13?
j. What is, therefore, 10 × $8.26? n. What is, therefore, 10 × $13.15?

Based on the questions above, can you discover a shortcut for multiplying money amounts by 10?
It is found on the next page.

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 To multiply a money amount by 10, move the decimal point by one digit.
Tag one zero so you have two digits to show the cents.

10 × $2.40 is $24.00 10 × $45.30 is $453.00

10 × $1.56 is $15.60 10 × $17.82 is $178.20

Make sure your whole dollar amounts were multiplied by 10.

For example, if you have $3 first, after multiplying by 10 you need to have $30:

10 × $3.42 is $34.20.

10. Multiply money amounts by 10.

a. 10 × $2.20 b. 10 × $35.10 c. 10 × $1.87 d. 10 × $22.45

e. 10 × $45 f. 10 × $167.50 g. 10 × $9.16 h. 10 × $299.99

11. a. Mark bought 10 pairs of socks for $3.70 each,

and 10 pairs of mittens for $5.50 each.
What was his total bill?

b. Mike bought ten pencils for 89 cents each,

and paid his purchases with a $10 bill.
What was his change?

c. Which is cheaper, to buy a 10-pack of cans of juice for $9.99,

or to buy ten individual cans of juice for $0.99 each?
What is the price difference?

John wanted to prove that 40 × 70 is indeed 2,800 by breaking

the multiplication into smaller parts. He wrote 40 as 4 × 10
and 70 as 7 × 10, and then multiplied in a different order:
40 × 70 = 4 × 10 × 7 × 10
= 10 × 10 × (4 × 7) = 100 × 28 = 2,800.
You do the same, and prove that 60 × 50 is indeed 3,000.

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 Multiply in Parts
Multiply 3 × 46
Break 46 into two parts: 40 and 6.
Then multiply those two parts separately by 3:
3 × 40 is 120, and 3 × 6 is 18.
Then add these two partial results: 120 + 18 = 138.

Here is another way of showing the same thing, using ten-bundles.

3 × 40 = 120

3 × 6 = 18

46 46 46 120
+ 18
3 × 46 138

Study these examples. Multiply tens and ones separately:

8 × 13 5 × 24 7 × 68
(10 + 3) (20 + 4) (60 + 8)
8 × 10 and 8 × 3 5 × 20 and 5 × 4 7 × 60 and 7 × 8
80 and 24 100 and 20 420 and 56
= 104 = 120 = 476

1. Multiply tens and ones separately. Then add to get the final answer.

a. 6 × 27 b. 5 × 83 c. 9 × 34
(20 + 7) ( ) ( )
6 × ____ and 6 × ___ 5 × ____ and 5 × ___ 9 × ____ and 9 × ___
____ and ____ ____ and ____ ____ and ____
= _____ = _____ = _____

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2. Break the second factor into tens and ones. Multiply separately, and add.

a. 6 × 19 b. 3 × 73 c. 4 × 67

6 × 10 = 60 3 × ___
6×9 = + 54 3 × ___ +
114

d. 5 × 92 e. 9 × 33 f. 7 × 47

3. Multiply in parts. You can write the partial products under the problems, if you wish.

a. 5 × 13 = ____ b. 9 × 15 = ____ c. 5 × 33 = ____

d. 8 × 21 = ____ e. 4 × 22 = ____ f. 4 × 36 = ____

g. 6 × 42 = ____ h. 7 × 51 = ____ i. 5 × 25 = ____

4. Solve. Write a number sentence for each problem.

a. How many seconds are there in one hour?

b. Jack bought 8 shirts for $14 each. What was his total bill?

c. Mary and Harry set up nine rows of seats in the school

auditorium, with 14 seats in each row. After that, they
had 56 seats unused. How many seats were there in all?

d. A package of small spoons costs $13. A whole silverware set is

four times as expensive. How much do both items cost together?

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 It works with larger numbers, too: Break 329 into three parts: 300 and 20 and 9.
Then multiply those parts separately by 7:
7 × 300 is 2,100, and 7 × 20 is 140, and 7 × 9 = 63.

Lastly add
2,100
the partial results: 140
+ 63
2,303

5. Multiply hundreds, tens, and ones separately. Then add to get the final answer.

a. 3 × 127 b. 5 × 243
(100 + 20 + 7) ( )
3 × ____ and 3 × ____ and 3 × ___ 5 × ____ and 5 × ____ and 5 × ___
____ and ____ and ____ ____ and ____ and ____
= _____ = _____

c. 7 × 314 d. 4 × 607
( ) ( )
7 × ____ and 7 × ____ and 7 × ___ 4 × ____ and 4 × ____ and 4 × ___
____ and ____ and ____ ____ and ____ and ____
= _____ = _____

6. Break the second number (factor) into hundreds, tens and ones. Multiply separately, and add.

a. 4 × 128 b. 8 × 151 c. 3 × 452

4 × 100 = 400
4 × 20 = 80
+ +
4×3= + 12

d. 6 × 317 e. 8 × 212 f. 6 × 198

+ + +

7. Solve the word problems.

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 a. Katie prepares crafts for a craft club that has 23 kids.
For the upcoming club meeting she needs to get at least
10 cm of string, 3 sheets of paper, and two toilet paper
rolls for each kid. Write down her list of needed supplies.

b. A guitar class costs $18. Ernest paid for eight classes from
the $200 that he has saved. How much does he have left?

c. Susie orders roses for her flower shop in bunches of

six dozen (72 flowers) at a time. She needs a new batch
once a week. How many roses will Susie order in 5 weeks?

d. One batch of six dozen roses costs her $70.

How much will the roses she orders in five weeks cost her?

8. Compare. Write < , > , or = in the boxes between the number expressions.

a. 10 × 10 9 × 11 b. 6 × 12 5 × 14 c. 8 × 22 5 × 27

d. 100 × 26 40 × 70 e. 5 + 195 40 × 5 f. 4 × 72 300

9. The expressions are supposed to be equal, but something is missing.

Fill in the missing numbers.

a. 6 × 6 = 9 × ___ b. ___ × 10 = 5 × 24 The equal sign “=” means

that whatever is on the left
side and on the right side of the
c. 20 + ___ = 4 × 10 d. 6,000 = 30 × _____ sign are supposed to be equal:

10 + 10 = 5 + 15
e. 120 75 = 5 × ____ f. ____+ 750 = 5 × 300
2×6=3×4
g. 2,000 200 = 30 × _____ 18 3=5×3

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 Multiply in Parts with Money
Break money amounts in parts, and multiply the parts separately.
When multiplying cent-amounts, remember to change them to dollar-amounts.

3 × $1.70 8 × $4.28
3 × $1 is $3, and 3 × 70¢ is 210¢ or $2.10. 8 × $4 is $32. 8 × 8¢ is $0.64 and 8 × 20¢ is $1.60.
Lastly add: $3 + $2.10 = $5.10. Lastly add:
$32.00
4 × $15.22 $0.64
$60 + $0.88 = $60.88 + $1.60
(4 × $15) (4 × $0.22) $34.24

1. Multiply cent-amounts. Write the answers as dollar-amounts.

a. 6 × 30¢ = 180¢ = $1.80 b. 5 × 50¢ = _____¢ = $______

c. 8 × 70¢ = _____¢ = $______ d. 3 × 90¢ = _____¢ = $______

e. 5 × 18¢ = _____¢ = $______ f. 6 × 41¢ = _____¢ = $______

2. Break the money-amount into dollars and cents. Multiply separately, and add.

a. 6 × $2.80 b. 5 × $4.70 c. 4 × $12.50

______ + ______ = ______ + ______ =

(6 × $2) (6 × $0.80) (5 × $4) (5 × $0.70)

d. 7 × $5.61 e. 6 × $6.75 f. 7 × $14.09

g. 6 × $11.85 h. 5 × $2.93 i. 11 × $9.45

6 × $11
6 × $0.80
6 × $0.05 +

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