What is 4,769 + 10? 4,769 has 6 tens. One ten more means there will be 7 tens: 4,779.

What is 2,958 + 100?

2,958 has nine hundreds. One hundred more means there will be 10 hundreds, but that makes a
thousand. Our answer number will have 3 thousands, with no hundreds: 3,058.

7. Fill in the table - add 10, 100, or 1000. If in doubt, you can add in columns.

n 1,056 2,508 342 4,009 59 6,980 723 8,299

n + 10
n + 100
n + 1000

8. What is missing?
a. 4,036 = 4000 + ____ + 30 b. 483 = 80 + 3 + ______
c. 9,328 = 300 + 9,000 + ____ + 20 d. 8,005 = 5 + ______
e. 5,320 = 20 + _____ + 300 f. 7,609 = 9 + ______ + 7,000

9. If you add 1 thousand, 1 hundred, 1 ten, and 1 to this number, it becomes 9,000.
What is the number?

For the digits given, build the largest and the least possible
number you can. Then find their difference. In which
multiplication table can you find each of the differences?

a. 7 and 5 b. 2 and 9 c. 4 and 5 d. 8 and 3

75 and 57
difference: 18

Do the same as above, but now with three digits. For each difference you find, add its
digits. If you then get a two-digit number, add its digits as well. What do you notice?

e. 7,1, 5 f. 9, 4, 7 g. 8, 9, 7 h. 4, 1, 8
751 and 157
difference 594
5 + 9 + 4 = 18
1+8=9

You can also try the same with four digits!

55
 At the Edge of Whole Thousands

Just one is missing Ten is missing

from thousand: from thousand:
999 + 1 = 1,000 990 + 10 = 1,000

1. How much is missing from thousand? Write an addition sentence.

a. ______ + ____ = 1,000 b. ______ + ____ = 1,000 c. ______ + ____ = 1,000

a. ______ + ____ = 1,000 b. ______ + ____ = 1,000 c. ______ + ____ = 1,000

2. We have 900-something. Complete a thousand.

a. 999 + 1 = 1,000 b. 980 + ____ = ______ c. 930 + ____ = ______

992 + ___ = ______ 985 + ____ = ______ 937 + ____ = ______

3. Complete the next whole thousand.

a. 1,920 + ____ = ______ b. 1,990 + ____ = ______ c. 6,950 + ____ = ______

1,999 + ____ = ______ 7,940 + ____ = ______ 4,900 + ____ = ______

2,998 + ____ = ______ 5,970 + ____ = ______ 3,995 + ____ = ______

56
4. Subtract from whole thousands.

a. 2,000 1 = 1,999 b. 5,000 3 = ______ c. 6,000 50 = ______

2,000 4 = ______ 4,000 10 = ______ 9,000 30 = ______

2,000 7 = ______ 7,000 20 = ______ 10,000 100 = ______

Mental math trick: Add up to find the difference to the next whole thousand.
First fill the next whole ten, the next whole hundred, and then the next whole thousand.

+ 8 + 10 + 200 + 50 + 200

6,7 82 6,790 6,8 00 7,000 5,7 50 5, 800 6,0 00

6,782 + 218 = 7,000 5,750 + 250 = 6,000

5. Round the numbers to the nearest thousand, and write down the rounding error.
That is the difference between the number and the rounded number.

Number Rounded number Rounding error Number Rounded number Rounding error
4,993 8,029
7,890 5,113
9,880 2,810

6. Solve. Use the top problem to help you in the bottom ones.

a. 2,000 100 = ______ b. 5,000 200 = ______ c. 9,000 500 = ______

2,000 150 = ______ 5,000 230 = ______ 9,000 580 = ______

2,000 250 = ______ 5,000 280 = ______ 9,000 680 = ______

7. Mark bought a computer for $1997 and a monitor for $995.

a. Estimate his total bill in whole thousand dollars.

b. How many dollars short of that estimate is the exact bill?

8. What is the rounding error, if the sum 1,982 + 3,950 is rounded to 6,000?

57
 More Thousands

On this number line you see whole thousands from one thousand till fifteen thousand.

7 8,0 0 0 Read: 78 thousand

The colored digits are the “thousands period” and count as 1 5 3,0 0 0 Read: 153 thousand
the whole thousands. Read the numbers is as if you say
the word “thousand” for the comma. 8 0 2,0 0 0 Read: 802 thousand

We continue with whole thousands 9 9 0,0 0 0 Read: 990 thousand

until reaching a thousand thousands. 9 9 9,0 0 0 Read: 999 thousand
That number has a new name: one million. 1,0 0 0,0 0 0 Thousand thousand
= 1 million

1 7,5 4 4 Read: 17 thousand 544

The rest of the digits tell us our
hundreds, tens, and ones 6 0 9,2 3 0 Read: 609 thousand two hundred thirty
just like you have learned. 7 0,0 8 0 Read: seventy thousand eighty
9 0 2,0 0 5 Read: 902 thousand five

1. Place a comma into the number. Fill in missing parts.

a. 1 6 4 0 0 0 b. 9 2 0 0 0 c. 3 0 9 0 0 0 d. 3 4 0 0 0 e. 7 8 0 0 0 0

____ thousand ____ thousand ____ thousand ____ thousand ____ thousand

2. Place a comma into the number. Fill in missing parts. Read numbers aloud.

a. 1 6 4,4 5 3 b. 9 2 9 0 8 c. 3 2 9 0 3 3 d. 1 4 0 0 4

164 thousand 453 ____ thousand ____ ____ thousand ____ ____ thousand ____

e. 5 5 0 0 5 3 f. 7 2 0 0 1 g. 8 0 0 0 0 4 h. 3 0 0 3 6

____ thousand ____ ____ thousand ____ ____ thousand ____ ____ thousand ____

58
3. Read these numbers aloud.

a. 456,098 b. 950,050 c. 23,090 d. 560,008

e. 78,304 f. 266,894 g. 219,513 h. 306,700

4. Think in whole thousands and add!

a. 30,000 + 5,000 = b. 200,000 + 1,000 =

think: 30 thousand + 5 thousand

c. 400,000 + 30,000 = d. 710,000 + 40,000 =

e. 300,000 + 600,000 = f. 700,000 + 70,000 =

5. Add and subtract, thinking in whole thousands.

a. 35,000 + 5,000 = b. 210,000 + 10,000 =

c. 420,000 + 30,000 = d. 711,000 + 10,000 =

e. 300,000 – 60,000 = f. 700,000 – 70,000 =

g. 30,000 – 5,000 = h. 200,000 – 6,000 =

i. 723,000 – 400,000 = j. 500,000 – 1,000 =

6. On the number line below, 510,000 and 520,000 are marked (at the “posts”).
Write the numbers that correspond to the dots.

7. Make a number line from 320,000 to 340,000 with tick-marks at every whole thousand, similar
to the one above. Then mark the following numbers on the number line:
323,000 328,000 335,000 329,000 330,000

59
 Practicing with Thousands
There are no There are no
35 thousand 4 hundreds nor tens. 203 thousand sixty hundreds nor ones.

35,004 So we put 0 in the 203,060 So we put 0 in the

thousands H T O hundreds and tens thousands H T O hundreds and ones
place. place.

1. Break these numbers down to whole thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones.

a. 49,015 b. 206,090

49 thousands ____hundreds ____ tens ____ ones ____ thousands ____hundreds ____ tens ____ ones

c. 107,802 d. 88,030

____ thousands ____hundreds ____ tens ____ ones ____ thousands ____hundreds ____ tens ____ ones

e. 790,302 f. 903,000

____ thousands ____hundreds ____ tens ____ ones ____ thousands ____hundreds ____ tens ____ ones

g. 250,067 h. 300,070

____ thousands ____hundreds ____ tens ____ ones ____ thousands ____hundreds ____ tens ____ ones

2. Write the numbers.

a. 20 thousand 7 hundreds b. 204 thousand 8 tens c. 101 thousand 6 hundred

4 ones

d. 540 thousand 4 ones e. 230 thousand 3 hundred f. 9 thousand 6 hundred

7 tens 7 ones

g. 873 thousand 5 tens h. 40 thousand 4 hundred i. 59 thousand 6 tens

5 ones

60
3. Write the numbers. It's all mixed up, be careful!
Remember, after thousands are three more digits!

a. 4 tens 25 thousand b. 2 tens 700 thousand c. 8 hundred 1 thousand

7 ones 3 hundred 6 hundred 4 ones 60 thousand 8 ones

d. 50 thousand 6 tens e. 42 thousand f. 9 thousand 600 thousand

3 thousand 7 ones 8 tens 50 thousand 4 tens

g. 90 thousand 4 tens h. 20 thousand 9 hundred i. 500 thousand

200 thousand 7 thousand 5 ones 4 thousand 8 ones

4. Continue the patterns.

a. b. c. d.
45,000 134,000 800,000 400,000
45,500 134,200 750,000 390,000
46,000 134,400 700,000 380,000

5. Add.

a. 30,000 + 50 b. 254,000 + 300 + 5

c. 133,000 + 200 + 50 d. 77,000 + 4

e. 2 + 60,000 f. 120,000 + 3 + 60

g. 5,000 + 10,000 + 20 h. 4,000 + 6 + 20,000

i. 300 + 30,000 + 90 j. 400 + 86,000 + 70 + 1

61
 Place Value with Thousands

728 thousand 401 Each of the six digits has its own place In the charts:
(“box” in the picture). “hth” means hundred thousands
hth tth th h t o
“tth” means ten thousands
7 2 8, 4 5 1 Each of the “places” has its own value. “th” means thousands

7 is in the “hundred thousands” place. The value of “7” is seven hundred thousand.
2 is in the “ten thousands” place. The value of “2” is twenty thousand.
8 is in the “thousands” place. The value of “8” is eight thousand.
4 is in the “hundreds” place. The value of “4” is four hundred.
5 is in the “tens” place. The value of “5” is fifty.
1 is in the “ones” place. The value of “1” is one.

728 thousand 401

hth tth th h t o 728,401 in expanded form is 501 thousand 029
7 2 8, 4 5 1 hth tth th h t o
700,000 + 20,000 + 8,000 + 400 + 50 + 1.
7 0 0, 0 0 0 5 0 1, 0 2 9
2 0, 0 0 0 5 0 0, 0 0 0
8, 0 0 0 1, 0 0 0
501,029 in expanded form is
4 0 0 2 0
5 0 500,000 + 1,000 + 20 + 9 9
1

1. Fill in the place value charts.

a. hth tth th h t o b. hth tth th h t o c. hth tth th h t o d. hth tth th h t o

8 7, 0 1 5 4 0 3, 2 8 0 6 9 2, 0 0 4 7 0 0, 2 0 4

2. Write the numbers from exercise (1) in expanded form.

62
3. Write the numbers in expanded form.

a. 32,493

b. 172,392

c. 25,600

d. 109,020

e. 220,000

f. 900,701

4. Find the missing number. It's all mixed!

a. 26,290 = 90 + _______ + 200 b. 205,500 = 200,000 + 500 + ________

c. 80,020 = 80,000 + ______ d. 707,070 = 70 + 700,000 + _________

e. 778,090 = 90 + 8,000 + _______ + 700,000

f. 917,500 = 900,000 + 500 + 10,000 + __________

g. 30,239 = 9 + 200 + 30 + ___________

5. What is the value of the digit 5 in the following numbers?

a. 513,829 five hundred thousand b. 400,065

c. 700,549 d. 59,906

6. Write the value of the underlined digit.

a. 1,209 b. 19,843
c. 89,605 d. 208,000
e. 302,600 f. 300,027
g. 210,408 h. 5,425
i. 921,993 j. 300,094

7. What are these numbers?

a. 8 is in tens place, 5 is in hundred thousands place, and 7 is in ones place.
b. 4 is in hundreds place, 8 is in tens place, and 2 is in ten thousands place.

63
 Comparing with Thousands
Which is more, 399,393 or 393,939?
You are used to comparing small numbers. When comparing big numbers, use the same principles:

Check if one number contains bigger place value units (or is “longer”).
For example, 675,000 > 95,239 because 95,239 does not have any hundred thousands, but
675,000 does.
If the numbers have the same amount of digits (are equally “long”), then you need to compare
the digits in the different “places”. Compare the digits starting from the BIGGEST place value.
Though you don't have to use them, place value charts can help.

t.th th h t o
h.th t.th th h t o
2 7 0 4 5
3 9 9 3 9 3
2 7 0 5 4
3 9 3 9 3 9
start comparing from the BIGGEST
start comparing from the BIGGEST place value (ten thousands)
place value (hundred thousands)
Start at the ten thousands place. The digits
Start at the hundred thousands place. The are the same (2). Both numbers have
digits are the same (3). Both numbers have 20,000.
300,000.
At the thousands place, the digits are the
At the ten thousands place, the digits are same. Both numbers have 7,000.
the same. Both numbers have 90,000
At the hundreds place, the digits are the
At the thousands place, one number has 9, same.
the other has 3. The upper number has
9,000 while the other has only 3,000! At the tens place, one number has 4, the
other has 5.
Therefore 399,393 > 393,939
Therefore 27,045 < 27,054

1. Write < or > between the numbers. These are fairly easy!

a. 45,200 54,000 b. 18,700 191,000 c. 22,029 202,000

d. 78,111 77,001 e. 5,605 605,000 f. 34,092 43,200

g. 1,788 17,880 h. 392,000 365,000 i. 493,239 521,000

2. Write the numbers in order from smallest to greatest.

a. 18,309; 81,390; 8,039; 818,039
b. 52,000; 5,020; 250,000; 520,000

64
3. Find the largest number.

a. b. c.
45,500 54,000 52,400 7,887 8,708 7,708 10,101 11,001 11,101

d. e. f.
134,000 144,000 143,400 5,606 5,556 5,599 8,099 8,909 8,009

4. Write < or > between the numbers. Use the place value chart now if you need to.

a. 78,187 77,817 b. 21,089 21,098 c. 23,392 23,293

d. 349,309 343,909 e. 493,605 465,093 f. 199,909 20,900

g. 545,055 545,405 h. 909,808 908,809 i. 200,189 200,210

5. Look at the number lines and mark the following numbers (approximately!) there with a little circle.

15,090 15,131 15,678 15,430 15,878 15,923 16,050

34,896 34,950 35,254 35,599 35,020 34,631 35,117

6. a. Make a number line from 67,000 till 68,000 with tick marks at every whole hundred.

b. Mark these numbers (approximately!) on your number line.

67,250 67,030 67,510 67,780 67,940 67,370 67,049 67,703

c. Write the above numbers in order on the lines below.

_______ < _______ < _______ < _______ < _______ < _______ < _______ < _______

65