MANUFACTURING SYSTEM DESIG --

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0007850607632454
https://ieda.ust.hk/dfaculty/ajay/courses/ieem513/MSIntro/MSIntro.html
To achieve the desired goals of a manufacturing enterprise, manufacturing
systems must be designed to satisfy a specific set of functional requirements (FRs)
and constraints (C). Such a design can be achieved based on axiomatic design
theory.
OPERATION
An operation is a distinct action performed to produce a desired result or effect.
Typical manual machine operations are loading and unloading. Operations can be
divided into sub operational elements.
Operations categorized by function are:
1.Materials handling and transporting: change in position of the product
2.Processing: change in volume and quality, including assembly and disassembly;
can in-clued packaging
3.Packaging: special processing; may be temporary or permanent for shipping
4.Inspecting and testing: comparison to the standard or check of process behavior
5.Storing: time lapses without further operations
TREATMENTS --- https://byjus.com/question-answer/what-are-the-three-stages-of-
heat-treatment/
Heat treatment is explained as the process of heating metal without reaching the
molten state and then cooling the metal to get the metal of desired mechanical
properties.
The 3 stages of heat treatment are
Heating - First stage in which any structure of an alloy is heated at a specific
temperature. Slow and steady heating allows the uniform temperature of an alloy
throughout. Uneven heating results in distorted or cracked sections in some
places.
Soaking - A second stage in which the heated metal completely changes its
structure due to soaking. It keeps the metal at the appropriate temperature until the
internal structure takes the shape.
Cooling - The third stage is cooling where the structure of the soaked metal is
cooled either by quenching or by still air. It depends on the metal itself and the
medium of cooling as some metals are quenched (rapid cooling of metals in
presence of a medium like air, water, oil, brine, etc.
BASIC MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
It is the manufacturing processes that create or add value to a product. The
manufacturing processes can be classified as
●Casting, foundry, or molding processes
●Forming or metalworking processes
●Machining (material removal) processes
●Joining and assembly
●Surface treatments (finishing)
●Rapid prototyping
●Heat treating
●Other

PRODUCTION SYSTEM ----

https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/exploring-sustainable-production-
systems/0/steps/297172#:~:text=A%20production%20system%20transforms
%20input,to%20make%20it%20a%20reality.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/production-system

A production system transforms input to output. Meaning, it’s the systems that
manufacture a product consisting of whatever components is needed to make it a
reality.
There are usually five types of ways of transforming input into output
Separating – One item enters and two or more exit. Example: A wooden plank is
cut into two.
Putting together – Several items enter and one exits. Example: Wooden planks
that are glued together.
Detaching – And item enters and exits shaped differently, alongside waste.
Example: A block of wood is shaped with a lathe.
Forming – An item enters and exits in a different shape, without waste. Example: A
piece of metal is shaped by hammering the object.
Quality adaptation – An item enters and exits with different characteristics.
Example: Surface treatment of a metal object.