THEORIES OF PERSONALITY

INSTRUCTIONS:

Encircle the best and correct answer.

1. Marvin is angry and upset after an argument with his boss. At home that evening he is harshly and
unreasonably critical of his son for not getting all his homework completed. According to Freud, Marvin is
using.

A. Identification

 B. Repression

 C. Rationalization

 D. Displacement

 2. Cherry considers herself to be an outgoing, fun-loving person, and she goes to a lot of parties.
Susan, on the other hand, thinks herself as fairly quiet and shy, and enjoys being by herself, reading a
book and listening to classical music. In Jung’s theory, Cherry’s and Susan’s different behavior reflect.

 A. The two basic personality types

 B. The two important archetypes

 C. A superior complex and inferiority complex

 D. Penis envy and womb envy

 3. Behavioral theories of personality are often criticized for their

 A. Inability to test or verify concepts

 B. Limited recognition of temperament motion and subjective factors.

 C. Ability to explain behavior after the fact only

 D. Emphasis on the conditions under which behavior occur.

 4. Kung babalangkas ng isang batas patungkol sa karapatan ng mga kababaihan, alin sa mga
sumusunod ang batayan:

 A. Psychodynamic

 B. Humanistic

 C. Behavioristic

 D. Evolutionary

 5. Every time two year old Kati is given a bath, she plays with her genital area. If her parents punish
her, she is likely to experience frustration, which of the following can explain if said child becomes
sexually preoccupied?

 A. Freud

 B. Skinner

 C. Bandura

 D. Ericson

 6. A personality theory is a(n)

 A. Category used to describe personality.

 B. Interrelated system of concepts used to explain personality.

 C. Relatively permanent set of behavior patterns.

 D. Subjective evaluation of a person.

 7. The actualizing tendency and self-concept are to _______ as reciprocal determination and self-
efficacy are to ______.

 A. Abraham Maslow; Hans Eysenck

 B. Alfred Adler; Albert Bandura

 C. Raymond Cattell; Carl Jung

 D. Carl Rogers; Albert Bandura

 8. An HR assistant busy selecting from among the applicants the contender for a position of a
preschool teacher. Who among the following should she choose?

 A. an applicant who is thinking extrovert

 B. an applicant who is a feeling extrovert

 C. an applicant who is a seeming introvert

 D. an applicant who is an intuiting introvert

 9. Victor is born from a poor family whose parents are illiterate. His parents cannot afford to send him
to school but he wants to be different from his parents. He worked and supported himself. Now he has
already enter a university through scholarship program. What theory of personality will best explain
Victor’s behavior?

 A. May

 B. Adler

 C. Rogers

 D. Freud

 10. Horney believed that personality was typified by

 A. A balance use of the neurotic trends in a neurotic personality.

 B. A lack of struggle in the use of the neurotic trends in a healthy individual.

 C. A balance between the idealized self-image and real self

 D. A consistency in the organismic self and the ideal self

 11. Unlike his brother and sister, Cynthia is lax when it comes to her studies. She would normally be
absent or when she comes to school she is usually late or drunk. Everyone was surprise to see her
studying and preparing for the board exams. She had proved them wrong that she is nobody when she
toped the board exam and now a well-known psychologist. What theory can explain the change in
Cynthia’s behavior?

 A. Horney

 B. May

 C. Fromm

 D. Adler

 12. During the meeting, an employee just went along to the majority decision. This best reflects which
of the following?

 A. Pakikitungo
 B. Hiya

 C. Pakikibagay

 D. Pakikisama

 13. Miguel is giving a lecture on the five-factor model of personality. Which of the personality
dimensions is not likely to be included in his talk?

 A. Anal Retentiveness

 B. Extraversion

 C. Neuroticism

 D. Agreeableness

 14. If a psychologist relies heavily on interview techniques rather than self-report, said psychologist is
influenced by __________ paradigm.

 A. Trait

 B. Humanistic

 C. Cognitive

 D. Behaviorist

 15. Sheila was often rejected by her parents, as a result she mistrust other people and treats them
with hostility, which leads to the rejection of her. The cycle of rejection, mistrust and further rejection
illustrates

 A. Self-Efficacy

 B. Identification

 C. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

 D. Reciprocal Determinism

 16. __________ theory maximized and _________ theory minimized the role of the unconscious

 A. Trait; Humanistic

 B. Psychoanalytic; Behaviorist

 C. Psychoanalytic; Humanistic

 D. Trait; Behaviorist

 17. Darwin is employed by his university as a telephone operator for a fund-raising drive. He lists a set
amount of money for every ten calls he makes, regardless of whether he is successful in raising funds.
Darwin’s telephone is reinforced on schedule of reinforcement

 A. Fixed-Interval

 B. Variable-Interval

 C. Fixed-Ratio

 D. Variable-Ratio

 18. David is a very quiet, pessimistic, anxious and becomes emotionally upset very easily. His
personality type is

 A. Introverted-Neurotic

 B. Introverted-Stable
 C. Extraverted-Neurotic

 D. Extraverted-Stable

 19. According to Jung, art, religion, myths, and drama are important to individual functioning because
they

 A. Facilitate conscious development.

 B. Are symbols that appeal to basic archetypes.

 C. Provide the means of achieving control over a hostile environment.

 D. Transparent specific information for solving the developmental task.

 20. One of Freud’s major contributions was his

 A. Belief that the first years of life help to shape personality.

 B. Belief in the concept of libido, sexual desires, and biological instincts.

 C. Discovery of complexes during the genital stage.

 D. Elaboration of the humanistic approach to personality development.

 21. What do psychologist mean by the term trait-situation interaction?

 A. Situation change traits.

 B. Situation create new traits.

 C. Traits determine situations.

 D. Situation affects how traits are exhibited.

 22. Juan is a very experienced car mechanic who believes he can fix any problem of a car or truck. Juan
is demonstrating

 A. Self-Concept

 B. Superiorly Complex

 C. Self-Efficacy

 D. Actual Tendency

 23. Gina loves playing the slot machine even though she wins money only once in a while. Gina’s
gaming behavior likely to be very resistant to expectation because

 A. Partial Reinforcement Effect

 B. Spontaneous Recovery

 C. Stimulus Extinction

 D. Stimulus Generalization

 24. Psychologist who believe that people grow and develop throughout their lives and that people are
inherently good are

 A. Psychoanalysts

 B. Radical Behaviorist

 C. Social Learning Theorists

 D. Humanist

 25. The highest level of interaction that Filipinos show if others are considered as hindi-ibang tao.
 A. Pakikisangkot

 B. Pakikipagpalagyang-Loob

 C. Pakikiisa

 D. Pakikisama

 26. According to the humanist, __________ occurs when people are free from independence on
external authority or on other people.

 A. Autonomy

 B. Spontaneity

 C. Peak Experience

 D. Task Centering

 27. A psychiatrist who explains pathological behavior as a conflict between underlying psychological
forces is using the ________ model.

 A. Psychoanalytical

 B. Behavioral

 C. Medical

 D. Humanistic

 28. According to behaviorists,

 A. Hostile, generous, or destructive impulses arise in the unconscious.

 B. Personality is acquired through conditioning and observational learning.

 C. Personality is strongly influenced by one’s self-image.

 D. Personality develops from initial feelings of inferiority.

 29. The need to arise above ones passive accident is

 A. individualism

 B. self-actualization

 C. transcendence

 D. style of life

 30. The _________ contains material of which you may be unaware but can easily be brought to
awareness.

 A. subconscious

 B. preconscious

 C. unconscious

 D. conscious

 31. “To pamper a child is the same as to neglect.” This statement is given by

 A. Ma’am Oba

 B. Carl Rogers

 C. Alfred Adler
 D. Karen Horney

 32. Safeguarding tendencies present exaggerated feelings of superiority against.

 A. Anxiety

 B. Guilty

 C. Public disgrace

 D. An uncontrollable id

 33. Juan suddenly lost his awareness to his physical surrounding because of a minor accident. Juan lost
which of the following?

 A. Diwa

 B. Ulirat

 C. Kamalayan

 D. Isip

 34. Which is included as one of the traits Maslow theorized were possessed by self-actualizers?

 A. Egocentrism

 B. Extraversion

 C. Superior intelligence

 D. Capacity to laugh at oneself

 35. It is the last two-minute drive

 A. Ningasbao

 B. Ningas cogon

 C. Pagpupursigi

 D. Loob

 36. A key element of Carl Rogers’ personality theory is the concept of

 A. Meta-needs

 B. The self of self-image

 C. Self-reinforcement

 D. The pleasure principle

 37. According to Freud, the Oedipal and Electra conflicts end when a child takes on the values and
behaviors of the same sex parent in a process called

 A. Fixation

 B. Limitation

 C. Observation

 D. Identification

 38. A person who is high in which the following traits would be most likely to be psychologically and
physically healthy?

 A. Neurotism, hostility, pessimism

 B. Extraversion, hardiness, optimism

 C. Conscientiousness, hostility, extraversion

 D. Agreeableness, pessimism, introversion

 39. Selina is noted for her tact, charm, and sociability by her friends and family. Her personality type is

 A. Extraverted thinking

 B. Extraverted feeling

 C. Introverted judgment

 D. Introverted feeling

 40. Horney believed that cultural conditions are largely responsible for the development of

 A. Basic trust

 B. Basic mistrust

 C. Basic anxiety

 D. Basic psychoses

 41. Jung believed that there are basic universal concepts in all people regardless of culture called

 A. Persona

 B. Collective consciousness

 C. Archetypes

 D. Mandalas

 42. The description of a person’s character implies

 A. The use of rating scales.

 B. The use of multiple observers.

 C. The use of situational testing.

 D. Judgment about the desirability of traits.

 43. The main criticism of humanistic theory is that

 A. It emphasized the negative dimensions of personality.

 B. It is research rather than experience oriented.

 C. Its concepts are imprecise and difficult to study objectively.

 D. Its approach is more empirical than philosophical.

 44. Best friends Vah, Gina and She failed in their major subject. Both Vah and Gina believed that it’s
the end of the world and blamed their teacher for their failure whereas she sees the failure as a
challenge to improve on her study habits. If She were a psychologist she is probably influence by:

 A. Behavioristic

 B. Humanistic

 C. Cognitive

 D. Psychodynamic

 45. Horney believed that a competitive and hostile society encourages.

 A. Hatred

 B. Love

 C. Isolation

 D. Superiority and success

 46. Behaviorists are to the external environment as humanist are to

 A. Stress

 B. Personal growth

 C. Humankind

 D. Internal conflicts

 47. In conducting research in Filipino Psychology, which of the following would be MOST likely
important in establishing rapport?

 A. Pakikisama

 B. Pakikitungo

 C. Pakikipagpalagayang-loob

 D. Pakikibagay

 48. Self-actualization refers to

 A. A tendency that personality problems.

 B. What it is that makes certain men and women famous

 C. Anyone who is making full use of his or her potential

 D. The requirement necessary for becoming famous, academically distinguished, or rich

 49. According to the existential view, anxiety is seen as a

 A. Result of repressed sexuality

 B. Part of the human condition

 C. Neurotic symptom that needs to be cured

 D. Result of faulty learning

 50. __________ theories stress private, subjective experience and personal growth.

 A. Trait

 B. Humanistic

 C. Behavioristic

 D. Psychodynamic

 51. Horney regarded the idealized self-image and self-hatred as

 A. Interpersonal conflicts

 B. Psychosexual conflicts

 C. Psychosocial conflicts

 D. Intrapsychic conflicts
 52. Which of the following is an example of a circular thinking commonly manifested among the traits
psychologist.

 A. Men are basically for they are made in the image and likeness of God

 B. Men are evil because of their unexpressed complex and complex are unlearned

 C. Behaviors are the unlearned leads to primary thought process when unlearned leads to secondary
thought process.

 D. Stella is a leader where people listen to her. When people listen to her she demonstrates
leadership.

 53. Learning sex-appropriate behavior is greatly influence

 A. Self-informed and resolution of unconscious conflict

 B. Identification and imitation

 C. Toilet training and early feeding contacts

 D. Valuing and self-regard

 54. Which of the following is POOR advice for a person who wishes to promote self-actualization?

 A. Seek peak experiences.

 B. Take responsibility.

 C. Be willing to change.

 D. Try to live up to what others think you should be.

 55. If you were asked to described the personality of your best friend, and you said she was optimistic,
reserved, and friendly, you would be using the ________ approach.

 A. Psychodynamic

 B. Analytical

 C. Humanistic

 D. Dispositional

 56. Vince experiences headaches every time he is asked to turn in his projects. Vince is experiencing

 A. Style of life

 B. Fictional finalism

 C. Organ dialect

 D. Organ inferiority

 57. Armida tend to argue whenever her group members do not agree with her ideas, this illustrates

 A. Cardinal traits

 B. Central traits

 C. Secondary traits

 D. Source traits

 58. Henry has a natural aptitude for mathematics and philosophy, according to Jung, his personality
type would be

 A. Extroverted thinking
 B. Introverted thinking

 C. Extroverted sensing

 D. Introverted sensing

 59. According to Adler, the creative power

 A. Usually leads to outstanding accomplishments

 B. Shapes one’s style of life

 C. Is a deterministic concept

 D. Is a secondary to heredity and environment in shaping personality

 60. Arthur is a shy and timid boy. He operates in this belief that “if I give in, I won’t get hurt”. Arthur is
using

 A. Moving away

 B. Moving toward

 C. Moving against

 D. Moving on

 61. Ed has very few friends. When he is with his classmates he acts like them scholarly; when he is
around his childhood neighbors he is as rude as them and when he is at home he is as meek as his father.
Ed’s personality according to Fromm is

 A. Hoarding

 B. Exploitative

 C. Marketing

 D. Receptive

 62. In Adlers’s view, the main personality for

 A. Dominance

 B. Sophistication

 C. Instincts

 D. Superiority

 63. An overly strict or harsh superego will cause

 A. Increasing levels of principle process thinking

 B. An anti-social personality

 C. Inhibition, or intolerable guilt

 D. A breakdown of the libido

 64. Concerning pure extroversion and pure introversion, it is most accurate to say

 A. A person is either one or the other.

 B. Most people fall somewhere between these extremes.

 C. These terms were coined by the famous Swiss psychologist, Gordon Allport.

 D. They represent basic physical traits.

 65. Classifying people as having either a Type A or Type B personality has been used to predict.

 A. Competency as a parent.

 B. Chances of suffering a heart attack.

 C. Success in education

 D. Chances of developing a serious mental illness.

 66. Rogers calls the image if the person you would like to be the

 A. Ego ideal

 B. Self-archetype

 C. Ideal self

 D. Reinforced self

 67. Which personality theories attempt to explain behavior by focusing on the inner workings of the
personality including internal conflicts?

 A. Trait

 B. Behavioristic

 C. Psychodynamic

 D. Humanistic

 68. Delaying action until it is appropriate describes the ego’s use of the

 A. Ego-dystonic behavior

 B. Ego-systonic behavior

 C. Primary thought process

 D. Secondary thought process

 69. The psychological situation, expectancy and reinforcement various important concepts in

 a. Social learning theory

 b. Gestalt theories

 c. Behaviorism

 d. Instrumental conditioning

 70. __________ theorists believe humans have free

 will

 A. Humanistic

 B. Behavioristic

 C. Psychoanalytic

 D. Trait

 71. If positive reinforcement is not given within a short time following the response, learning will
proceed slowly. This phenomenon is called

 A. Delay of reinforcement

 B. Extinction
 C. Conditioned response

 D. Consistency

 72. A poor person who is a kind and honest person and respects the dignity of hard work has a lot of:

 A. Dangal

 B. Paninindigan

 C. Katapatan

 D. Kagandahang-loob

 73. Abraham Maslow developed the concept of self-actualization by initially studying

 A. The maze-learning abilities of rats with sub cortical lesions.

 B. His own patients.

 C. How children reacted to viewing aggressive role models on television.

 D. People who lives unusually effective lives.

 74. Rogers called believed that when the real self and ideal self are different

 A. An individual cannot attain self-actualization

 B. An individual can achieve self-actualization

 C. An individual is in a state of imbalance

 D. An individual is experiencing existential vacuum

 75. The messy and disorderly person is describe by Freud as being

 A. Orally retentive

 B. Anally retentive

 C. A phallic personality

 D. Anally expulsive

 76. Sa oras ng sakuna ang pinoy ay kinakikitaan ng pagiging matulungin ng dahil sa anong value?

 A. Bayanihan

 B. Kapwa

 C. Hiya

 D. Pakikisama

 77. Suppose the ego were a hungry person in a crowded cafeteria. The ego would most likely

 A. Do nothing.

 B. Wait in line.

 C. Push to the head of the line.

 D. Feel guilty about being so hungry.

 78. If you wanted to teach a chicken to “play” the piano, you should

 A. Wait for musically inclined chicken to show up.

 B. Extinguish piano-playing behavior.

 C. Use shaping.

 D. Use negative reinforcement.

 79. Doing things on a usual and routinely basis Tina’s life boring. What theory can help explain said
boredom?

 A. Fromm

 B. Adler

 C. Horney

 D. May

 80. Which of the following could account for a major personality changes in middle adulthood?

 A. Moving to a new city

 B. Changing your looks

 C. Making new friends

 D. A personal tragedy

 81. According to Jung, a mental storehouse for unconscious ideas and images shared by all humans is

 A. The persona.

 B. The personal unconscious.

 C. The collective unconscious.

 D. The anima.

 82. A defining characteristic of trait is that they are

 A. Fixed.

 B. Observed.

 C. Evaluative.

 D. Enduring.

 83. Salespeople who are paid exclusively by commission are reinforced on which type of schedule?

 A. Fixed ratio

 B. Fixed interval

 C. Variable ratio

 D. Variable interval

 84. The personality theorist if Sullivan, Maslow, Rogers, and others that emphasize interpersonal
relation deal mostly with ______

 A. Umwelt

 B. Mitwelt

 C. Eigenwelt

 D. Dasein

 85. During a discussion of various perspectives on personality, Dr. Oh points to all evidence that
human beings are destructive and aggressive, She points out to the million who died in wars and the
ongoing killings by riding in tandem that continue in large part of Metro Manila. Dr. Oh observation
about basic human nature support the _______ perspective and is a criticism ________ perspective.

 A. Humanistic; psychoanalytic

 B. Trait; social cognitive

 C. Social cognitive, trait

 D. Psychoanalytic; humanistic

 86. Dr. Mega Minds studies the effects of heredity on behavior. One of the areas of his research
focuses on the similarities and differences in identical twins who were separated at birth or early infancy
and raised by different families. Dr. Mega Minds is most probably a (n)/.

 A. Psychoanalyst

 B. Humanistic psychologist

 C. Social cognitive psychologist

 D. Behavior geneticist

 87. Although Jaja has many fond memories of her college days, she only vaguely remembers the man
she was engage to but left her suddenly for another girl. Jaja is demonstrating

 A. Identification

 B. Sublimation

 C. Denial

 D. Repression

 88. Sebastian during his college years is just one of the many class. In fact he only attends classes only
when he finds the teacher interesting. Now he is reviewing for the board exam. He attends classes
regularly and tops the quizzes and mock board exams. His classmates could not believe this change in
him. What Filipino personality can best explain what is happening to Sebastian?

 A. Hiya

 B. Ningas cogon

 C. Kapwa

 D. Amorpropio

 89. Which of the following demonstrate epigenetic principle?

 A. Bob has not learned to perform addition and is only learning it in his lesson in division.

 B. Cynthia has not learned to perform roles with respect to her gender and is now having difficulty in
establishing intimate relationships.

 C. Ryan is developing strong feeling to her therapist and is trying to overcome it though the help of
another therapist.

 D. Ana has developed false pride because of undeveloped concept of the self.

 90. Which of the following is not true of the social cognitive approach?

 A. It emphasized the importance of immediate experiences as determinants of behavior.

 B. It views reinforcement as necessary for learning.

 C. It argues that people’s actions are a function of selection process acting through evolution
 D. It emphasizes the experiencing person to an accepting environmental condition.

 91. Another term for George Kelly’s approach to the personality

 A. Person-centered

 B. Personal construction

 C. Self-efficacy

 D. Self-concept

 92. Jenna has great accomplishment and is adhered a lot by her classmates. She got disturbed by
recurring dreams of similar content and went to a doctor. Dr. Smith the psychologist interpreted as a way
to experience that which she is not. Dr. Smith is probably influenced by

 A. Freud

 B. Adler

 C. Jung

 D. Horney

 93. Jayson tried to train his potbellied pig to pick up the newspaper on the doorstep and bring it into
the house. However, the pig pushed the paper with his snout into the garden even though this behavior
would not to be rewarded. It appears that the pig has been subject to

 A. instinctual drift

 B. stimulus discrimination

 C. extinction

 D. undoing

 94. A major difference between the psychoanalytic and trait perspective is that:

 A. Trait theory defines personality in terms of behavior, psychoanalytic theory in terms of its
underlying dynamics.

 B. Trait theory describes the behavior but does not attempt to describe it.

 C. Psychoanalytic theory emphasized the origin of personality in childhood sexuality.

 D. All of the above are differences.

 95. A group of four-year old children watch a video showing an adult hitting, kicking and punching a
large Bobo doll. These children were later asked to imitate the model and are promised a reward for
every behavior that they can imitate. It is very probable that the children will

 A. Not imitate the adult model

 B. Verbally describe what they saw but will refuse to imitate the adult model

 C. Imitate the adult’s aggressive behavior

 D. Become very upset as a result of watching the aggressive behavior

 96. Which of the following best illustrates classical conditioning?

 A. Henry feels ill at the sight or smell of peanut butter because it once made him sick.

 B. Jewel studies hard because she wants to pass the board exam.

 C. Denise goes shopping for new clothes fairly frequently because it makes her feel good.

 D. Karina drives at the posted speed limit after getting a number of speeding tickets.