Projectile Motion Equations

PROJECTILE MOTION
PROJECTILE MOTION is the combination of horizontal and vertical

motions that are completely independent of each other. Neglecting
air resistance, the only force acting on an object is the gravitational
force.
PROJECTILE MOTION
A projectile is anybody that is given an initial velocity
and follows a path determined entirely by the effects of
gravitational acceleration provided that the influence of air
resistance is negligible.
The path followed

by the projectiles is
called the
trajectory.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL MOTION OF AN OBJECT
x-component of projectile motion
Neglecting external force, the

x- component of a velocity for a projectile
will remain in motion with constant
velocity. Take note that no component of
gravitational force acts in the
A ball rolling with its own inertia and covers equal
x-component of the projectile.
distances in equal intervals of time.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL MOTION OF AN OBJECT
x-component of projectile motion
Neglecting external force, the

x- component of a velocity for a projectile
will remain in motion with constant A ball rolling with its own inertia and covers equal
velocity. Take note that no component of distances in equal intervals of time.
gravitational force acts in the
x-component of the projectile.
ax = 0
TWO-DIMENSIONAL MOTION
OF AN OBJECT
y-component of projectile motion
The vertical motion of a projectile is the same

with the characteristics of an object freely falling
straight down. Assuming the air resistance is small
A ball dropped and enough to neglect, the only force acting on the object is
accelerates downward and gravitational force. Velocity changes due to gravity and
covers a greater vertical therefore, object accelerates downward.
distance each second.
HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE MOTION
You throw a coin horizontally, and

simultaneously drop another coin from
the same height. Which do you think
will hit the ground first?
TYPES OF PROJECTILE MOTION
Projectile motion can be described into two different situations:
HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE VERTICAL PROJECTILE

(projectiles launched horizontally (projectiles projected from the ground at
from a certain height) an angle)
The illustration below shown a cannonball projected horizontally.
The projectile motion of a

cannonball launched
horizontally with its
horizontal and vertical
motion.
The illustration below shown a cannonball projected horizontally.
The velocity along the x-component of the

cannonball is constant while the velocity
along the y-component increases until it
reaches the ground. The negative sign
before the value describes the direction of
the velocity which is along the negative y-
component. Take note that the initial
velocity of the canon ball in y-component is
zero.
vy = - 49.0 m/s
x-component y-component
variable (horizontal motion) (vertical motion)
velocity constant changing
initial velocity constant viy= 0
g = constant
acceleration ax = 0 acceleration due to
gravity (g)
time (back to the independent dependent
ground)
The illustration shows a stroboscopic photograph of
two balls released at the same time and height.
A red ball is dropped from rest

while the yellow ball is simultaneously
launched horizontally. The positon,
velocity and acceleration of the vertical
component of the two balls is the same.
This explains the effect of acceleration
due to gravity on a ball dropped freely
and a ball projected horizontally.
Assuming the two objects were

released at the same height and time.
Neglecting air resistance, the only force
affecting both objects is the gravitational
force. The ball dropped fall straight until it
hits the ground while the cannonball reaching
equally timed sequential horizontal range
until it reaches the ground.
The velocity vector at each points
in the direction of the ball’s motion at
that instant is always tangent to the
trajectory of the projectile. Neglecting
air resistance, gravity is the only force
acting on the object. The acceleration
along the horizontal motion is zero while
the acceleration along the vertical
component is constant and always
downward.
EQUATIONS IN PROJECTILE MOTION
Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion
(vx = constant, ax = 0) (vx = changing, g = constant)
vx = vix = vfx (constant velocity) vfy = viy −gt

dx 1
vx = dy = viy t − gt2
t 2
dx = v x t vfy ²= viy ² − 2gdy

HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE MOTION - SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
A cannonball launched by a cannon horizontally off a 22.0-meter high

hill and lands a distance of 35.0 meters from the edge of the hill. Determine
the initial horizontal velocity of the cannonball.
H = 22.0 m
R = 35.0 m
A cannonball launched by a cannon horizontally off a 22.0-meter

high hill and lands a distance of 35.0 meters from the edge of the hill.
Determine the initial horizontal velocity of the cannonball.
Given quantities in x-component
Given:
x-component
-x +x ax = 0
dₓ = 35.0 m

Given quantities in y-component
Given:
y-component
g = 9.8 m/s²
-x +x
dy = - 22.0 m
viy = 0 m/s

Given: Given:
ax = 0 g = 9.8 m/s²
dₓ = 35.0 m
dy = - 22.0 m
viy = 0 m/s
-x +x
REQUIRED: Determine the initial horizontal velocity of
the cannonball.
tₓ = ty
Use the given quantities in y-component to
determine the time

Given:
y-component
g = 9.8 m/s²
dy = - 22.0 m
viy = 0 m/s
Required: ➢ vfy = viy - gt

-x +x
t (time when the
1
cannonball reach the ground)
➢ dy = viyt - gt²
2
Equation:
1
dy = viyt - 2 gt² ➢ vfy² = viy² - 2gdy

1
Given: dy = viyt − gt²
2
y-component
1
g = 9.8 m/s² dy = (0)t − gt²
2
dy = - 22.0 m 1
viy = 0 m/s [ dy = − 2 gt² ] 2
2dy −gt²
Required: = −g
−g
-x +x
t (time when the
2dy
cannonball reach the ground) = t²
−g
Equation:
2dy
1
dy = viyt − 2 gt² t= −g
2dy
t= −g

Given: Solution:
y-component 2 (− 22.0 m)
g = 9.8 m/s² t= m
− 9.8
s²
dy = - 22.0 m
viy = 0 m/s 44.0 m
t= m
9.8
s²
Required:
-x +x
t (time when the
t = 4.4897 s²
cannonball reach the ground)
t = 2.12 s
Equation:
1 Answer:
dy = viyt − 2 gt²
t = 2.12 s
2dy
t= −g

Given: Given:
ax = 0 g = 9.8 m/s²
dₓ = 35.0 m
dy = - 22.0 m
t= 2.12 s
viy = 0 m/s
t = 2.12 s
-x +x
Required: vix
Kinematic equations are not
Equation:
d applicable in x-component
v= t since the acceleration is zero
dx
vix = t

Given:
x-component
Solution:
ax = 0
dₓ = 35.0 m vix =
dx
t= 2.12 s t
35.0 m
vix = 2.12 s
-x +x
Required: vix vix = 16.51 m/s
Equation: Answer:
d
v= t vix = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟏 𝐦/𝐬, East
dx
vix = t
vi = 3.57 m/s
A ball rolls off the lab table with an initial velocity

of 3.57 m/s and hits the floor 1.25 m from the base of
the table.
a. How long it takes the ball to reach the ground?
b. How high is the lab table?
c. What is the velocity of the ball just before it
hits the ground?
R = 1.25 m
A ball rolls off the lab table with an initial velocity of 3.57 m/s and hits the floor
1.25 m from the base of the table.
Given: Given:
ax = 0 g = 9.8 m/s²
dₓ = 1.25 m viy = 0 m/s
vix = 3.57 m/s
vi vix vfx
-x
viy
+x Required: t (when the ball reached
dₓ
the ground) vix = t
Equation: v =
d dₓ
t
t=v
ix
vfy dₓ
t=v
ix
Given:
x-component
ax = 0 d
Solution: t = v x
dₓ = 1.25 m ix
vix = 3.57 m/s

1.25 m
t=
3.57 m/s
-x +x Required: t (when the ball reached
the ground) t = 0.35s
d
Equation: v = t
Answer: t = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝐬
dₓ
t=v
ix
Given: Given:
ax = 0 g = 9.8 m/s²
dₓ = 1.25 m viy = 0 m/s
vix = 3.57 m/s t = 0.35 s
t = 0.35 s
-x +x
Required: dy (height of the table)
Given:
y-component
g = 9.8 m/s²
viy = 0 m/s
t = 0.35 s
-x +x Required: dy (height of the table)

➢ vfy = viy - gt
Equation:
1
1
dy = viyt - gt² ➢ dy = viyt - gt²
2 2
➢ vfy² = viy² - 2gdy
Given:
y-component
g = 9.8 m/s² dy = viyt - gt²
1
2
viy = 0 m/s 1
t = 0.35 s dy = (0)t - gt²
2
1
-x +x Required: dy (height of the table) dy = - gt²
2
Equation: 1
dy = - gt²
1 2
dy = viyt - gt²
2
Given: Solution:
1
dy = − gt²
2
y-component
1 m
g = 9.8 m/s² dy = − (9.8 )(0.35s)²
2 s²
viy = 0 m/s 1 m
t = 0.35 s dy = − (9.8 )(0.1225 s²)
2 s²
-x +x Required: dy (height of the table) dy = − 0.60 m
Equation: dy = 0.60 m, downward

1
dy = viyt − gt²
2
1
dy = − 2 gt² Answer: 0.60 m
Given: Given: Given:
x-component y-component Vector velocity/
ax g Resultant
dₓ dy
t t t
vix viy vi
vfx vfy vf
vix
vi
viy
vfx
-x +x
vfy
vf
c. What is the velocity of the ball just before it hits the ground?
Given: Given:
vi = 3.57 m/s *** vf = __________

ax = 0 g = 9.8 m/s²
dₓ = 1.25 m dy = -0.6 m
t = 0.35 s t = 0.35 s
vfx vix = 3.57 m/s viy = 0
vi vix
vfy = _____?_____
-x +x vfx = 3.57 m/s
viy
Required:
➢ vfy (final velocity in y-comp)
➢ vf (final velocity)
vfy vf
Given:
vi = 3.57 m/s *** vf = __________

y-component
g = 9.8 m/s²
dy = -0.6 m
t = 035s
viy = 0
vi vix vfx vfy = _____?_____
-x +x
viy ➢ vfy = viy - gt
Required:
1
➢ vfy (final velocity in y-comp) ➢ dy = viyt - gt²
2
Equation:
vfy = viy - gt ➢ vfy² = viy² - 2gdy
vfy vf
Given:
vi = 3.57 m/s *** vf = __________

y-component
g = 9.8 m/s² Solution:
dy = -0.6 m vfy = viy - gt
t = 035s m
viy = 0 v fy = - (9.8 )(0.35s)
s²
vi vix vfx vfy = _____?_____ v = - 3.43 m/s
fy
-x +x
viy
vfy = 3.43 m/s, downward
Required:
➢ vfy (final velocity in y-comp) Answer:
Equation: vfy = 3.43 m/s, downward
vfy = viy - gt
vfy vf
Given: vfx = 3.57 m/s
vfy = - 3.43 m/s
Required: vf
Equation: v = vx 2 + vy 2
vf = vfx 2 + vfy 2
vi vix vfx = 3.57 m/s Solution: vf = (3.57𝑚/𝑠)2 +(− 3.43 m/s)2 )

-x +x
viy vf = (12.7449 m2 /s2 ) + (11.7649 m2 /s2 )
vf = (24.5090 m2 /s2 )
vf = 4.95073 m/s
vfy = - 3.43 m/s vf Answer: vf = 4.95 m/s

Given: vfx = 3.57 m/s
vfy = 3.43 m/s
Required: θ (angle of the direction)
vy
Equation: θ = tan-1 vx
vi vix vfx = 3.57 m/s Solution: θ = tan-1

− 3.43 m/s
-x +x 3.57 m/s
viy θ = 43.85˚
Answer:
θ = 43.85˚, below the horizontal
vfy = - 3.43 m/s vf or South of East
vfx = 3.57 m/s,

vfy = - 3.43 m/s
vf = 4.95 m/s
θ = 43.85˚, South of East
vi vix vfx = 3.57 m/s

-x +x
Answer:
viy ) θ = 43.85˚ vf = 4.95 m/s, 43.85˚, South of East
vfy = - 3.43 m/s vf = 4.95 m/s, 43.85˚, South of East

TYPES OF PROJECTILE MOTION
Projectile motion can be described into two different situations:
HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE VERTICAL PROJECTILE

(projectiles launched horizontally (projectiles projected from the ground at
from a certain height) an angle)
VERTICAL PROJECTILE
VERTICAL PROJECTILE is projectile projected from the ground at
an angle of elevation. The horizontal and vertical motion of a
projectile are independent of each other. Therefore, we
separately observe the variables in both dimensions.
VERTICAL PROJECTILE
RANGE is the horizontal (x-component) displacement of a projectile while HEIGHT
is the vertical (y-component) displacement in projectile motion.
The MAXIMUM HEIGHT is the highest point a projectile could reach.
VERTICAL PROJECTILE
Neglecting air resistance, the velocity along the x-component remains constant.
As the object moves upward, the velocity along y-component gradually decreases until
it reaches the maximum height where velocity is 0. As the object moves downward, the
velocity along the y-component increases until it reaches the ground.
launching angle must be

considered in observing the
velocity in x and y
component
VERTICAL PROJECTILE
Neglecting air resistance, the velocity along the x-component remains constant.
As the object moves upward, the velocity along y-component gradually decreases until
it reaches the maximum height where velocity is 0. As the object moves downward, the
velocity along the y-component increases until it reaches the ground.
The object would reach

the maximum range when
HEIGHT it is projected 45 above
the horizontal.
RANGE
VERTICAL PROJECTILE
−
By disregarding the air resistance, the
− time it takes the projectile to reach a
certain height in upward and
downward motion is the same. Also,
− the velocity of the cannonball
upward is the same is the same
velocity as the cannonball moves
downward. This is because the
acceleration due to gravity is
−
constant and always downward.
VERTICAL PROJECTILE
Neglecting air resistance and other
factors, the only force affecting the
object is the gravitational force
which has a constant value.
Therefore, projectiles in this case
has an ideal path. But in real life
situations, the actual path may vary
by considering different factors
affecting the object.
VERTICAL PROJECTILE
variable (horizontal motion) (vertical motion)
velocity constant changing
initial velocity constant has a value
acceleration ax = 0 ay = constant
acceleration due to
gravity (g)
time independent dependent
VERTICAL PROJECTILE
Using the equation below, we must take in
consideration the initial velocity and initial
angle in calculating the initial velocity along
the horizontal and vertical components of a
projectile motion.
vix = vi cosθ (initial velocity along the x-

component)
vi𝑦 = vi sinθ (initial velocity along the y-
component)
EQUATIONS IN PROJECTILE MOTION
Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion
(vx = constant, ax = 0) (vx = changing, g = constant)
vx = vix (constant velocity) vfy = viy −gt
d 1
vx = x dy = viy t − gt2
t 2
dx = vx t vfy ²= viy ² − 2gdy

A football is kicked at an angle θ = 37.0˚ with a velocity of 20.0 m/s.

a. What are the horizontal and vertical components of the jumper’s initial velocity?
b. What is the maximum height of the projectile?
c. What is the total time of travel before the football hits the ground?
d. How far away the football hits the ground?
) θ = 37.0˚
vi = 20.0 m/s
VERTICAL PROJECTILE MOTION - SAMPLE PROBLEM 3

a. What are the horizontal and vertical components of the jumper’s initial
velocity?
𝐯𝐢𝐱 = 𝐯𝐢 cosθ (initial velocity along the x-component)

𝐯𝐢𝐲 = 𝐯𝐢 sinθ (initial velocity along the y-component)
viy
) θ = 37.0˚
vi = 20.0 m/s vix

a. What are the horizontal and vertical components of the jumper’s initial
velocity?
+y vix = vi cosθ
= (20.0 m/s) cos 37.0˚
= 16.0 m/s
viy = vi sinθ
viy θ = 37.0˚
= (20.0 m/s) sin 37.0˚
-x +x = 12.0 m/s
vi vix
vi = 20.0 m/s
vix = 16.0 m/s
viy = 12.0 m/s
-y

Given:
y-component
g = 9.8 m/s²
viy = 12.0 m/s
vmax = 0 m/s → vfy
vmax = 0
H= ? Required:
viy = 12.0 m/s dy (maximum height)
θ = 37.0˚ ➢ vfy = viy - gt
vi = 20.0 m/s vix = 16.0 m/s Equation:
vfy² = viy² - 2gdy 1
2

Given:
y-component
g = 9.8 m/s² vfy² = viy² - 2gdy
viy = 12.0 m/s
vmax = 0 m/s → vfy 0 = vi² - 2gdy
1
vmax = 0 [ - vi² = - 2gdy ] − 2g
Required:
viy = 12.0 m/s
H= ? −vi² −2gdy
θ = 37.0˚ dy (maximum height) =
− 2g − 2g
vi = 20.0 m/s vix = 16.0 m/s Equation:
vfy² = viy² - 2gdy viy²
=dy
2g
v i²
dy =
2g v i²
dy =
2g

Given:
Solution:
y-component
g = 9.8 m/s² vi²
dy =
viy = 12.0 m/s 2g
vmax = 0 m/s → vfy
(12.0 m/s)2
dy =
2 (9.8 )
vmax = 0 m
s²
Required:
viy = 12.0 m/s
H = 7.35 m
144 m2/s2
θ = 37.0˚ dy (maximum height) dy = m
19.6
vi = 20.0 m/s vix = 16.0 m/s Equation: s²
vfy² = viy² - 2gdy dy = 7.35 m
v i²
dy = Answer:
2g
dy = 7.35 m, upward

Given: Given:
ax = 0 g = 9.8 m/s²
vix = 16.0 m/s viy = 12.0 m/s
vfx = 16.0 m/s vmax = 0 m/s
viy = - 12.0 m/s
vmax = 0
dy = 0 m
H = 7.35 m
viy = 12.0 m/s θ = 37.0˚ vfy = - 12.0 m/s
Required:
vi = 20.0 m/s vix = 16.0 m/s vfx = 16.0 m/s ttot (total time)

Given:
y-component
g = 9.8 m/s²
viy = 12.0 m/s
vmax = 0 m/s
vmsx = 0 viy = - 12.0 m/s
dy = 0 m
H = 7.35 m
viy = 12.0 m/s θ = 37.0˚ vfy = - 12.0 m/s
Required:
vi = 20.0 m/s vix = 16.0 m/s vfx = 16.0 m/s ttot (total time) ➢ vfy = viy - gt
1
2

1
Given: 0 = viyt - gt²
2
y-component 1
g = 9.8 m/s² [ - viyt = - 2gt² ] - 2
viy = 12.0 m/s 1
vmax = 0 m/s [ 2viyt = gt² ] g
viy = - 12.0 m/s
vmsx = 0 dy = 0 m 2viyt gt²
=
g g
H = 7.35 m
viy = 12.0 m/s vfy = - 12.0 m/s
θ = 37.0˚ Required: [ 2viyt = t² ] 1
vi = 20.0 m/s vix = 16.0 m/s vfx = 16.0 m/s ttot (total time) g t
2viyt t²
Equation: =
gt t
1
dy = viyt - gt²
2 2viy
vfy = viy - gt =t
g

Given:
Solution:
y-component
2viy
g = 9.8 m/s² ttot = g
viy = 12.0 m/s
vmax = 0 m/s 2 (12.0 m/s)
viy = - 12.0 m/s ttot =
9.8 m
vmsx = 0 dy = 0 m s²
H = 7.35 m 24.0m/s
viy = 12.0 m/s vfy = - 12.0 m/s ttot = m
θ = 37.0˚ Required: 9.8
s²
vi = 20.0 m/s vix = 16.0 m/s vfx = 16.0 m/s ttot (total time) ttot = 2.45 𝑠
Equation:
1 ttot = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟓 𝒔
dy = viyt - gt²
2
vfy = viy - gt

Given: Given:
ax = 0 g = 9.8 m/s²
vix = 16.0 m/s viy = 12.0 m/s
ttot = 2.45 s viy = - 12.0 m/s
vmsx = 0
dy = 0 m
H = 7.35 m ttot = 2.45 s
viy = 12.0 m/s θ = 37.0˚ vfy = - 12.0 m/s
vi = 20.0 m/s vix = 16.0 m/s vfx = 16.0 m/s
R= ?

Given:
x-component
ax = 0
vix = 16.0 m/s
vfx = 16.0 m/s
ttot = 2.45 s
vmsx = 0
viy = 12.0 m/s

H = 7.35 m
vfy = - 12.0 m/s Required: Solution:
θ = 37.0˚ dx (Range) dₓ = vx t
vi = 20.0 m/s vix = 16.0 m/s vfx = 16.0 m/s dₓ = (16.0 m/s)(2.45 s)
Equation: dₓ = 39.20 m
d
v= t
Answer:
dₓ = vx t
R = 39.20 m dₓ = 39.20 m

Equation: dx = vixt 2v
𝐯𝐢𝐱 = 𝐯𝐢 cosθ ttot = gi𝑦
2v
𝐯𝐢𝐲 = 𝐯𝐢 sinθ dx = vix ( gi𝑦 )
2vixvi𝑦 Trigonometric
dx =
g Identity
vmsx = 0 2 (vicos𝛉) (visin𝛉) 2cos𝛉 sin𝛉 = sin2θ
dx = g
H = 7.35 m
viy = 12.0 m/s vfy = - 12.0 m/s 2 vi² cosθ sinθ
dx = g
vi = 20.0 m/s vix = 16.0 m/s vfx = 16.0 m/s
vi² (2cos𝛉 sin𝛉)
dx = g
vi² (sin2θ) vi² (sin2θ)
dx = R=
g g
R = 39.20 m
A football is kicked at an angle θ =

37.0˚ with a velocity of 20.0 m/s.
d. How far away the g = 9.8 m/s²
football hits the ground? vi = 20.0 m/s Solution:
v ² (sin2θ)
R= i
g
(20.0 m/s)² (sin (2 x 37))
R=
9.8 m/s²
vmsx = 0 (20.0 m/s)² (sin 74)
R=
9.8 m/s²
H = 7.35 m Required:
viy = 12.0 m/s θ = 37.0˚ vfy = - 12.0 m/s 384.5047 m²/s²
R (Range) R=
9.8 m/s²
vi = 20.0 m/s vix = 16.0 m/s vfx = 16.0 m/s
R = 39.2 m
Equation:
v ² (sin2θ) R = 39.2 m, East
R= i g
Answer:
R = 39.20 m
R = 39.20 m, East
Suppose the ball was punted at an angle of 37ᵒ with an initial

velocity of 20.0 m/s and left the punter’s foot at a height of 1.00 m above
the ground. What is the ball’s total time in air just before hitting the
ground? (Calculate the time using quadratic formula)
Suppose the ball was punted at an angle of 37ᵒ with an initial

velocity of 20.0 m/s and left the punter’s foot at a height of 1.00 m above
the ground. What is the ball’s total time in air just before hitting the
ground? (Calculate the time using quadratic formula)
) θ = 37 ˚
ground
Suppose the ball was punted at an angle of 37ᵒ with an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s
and left the punter’s foot at a height of 1.00 m above the ground. What is the ball’s total time
in air just before hitting the ground? (Calculate the time using quadratic formula)
Given: Given:
ax = 0 g = 9.8 m/s²
vix = 16.0 m/s viy = 12.0 m/s
dy = -1.0 m
) θ = 37 ˚ dy = dfy - diy
diy = 0 m dy = −1 m - 0 m
𝐝y = - 1.0 m
dfy = -1 m ground
Given:
y-component Quadratic Formula
g = 9.8 m/s²
viy = 12.0 m/s
vmax = 0 m/s
dy = -1.0 m
ax² + bx + c = 0
Required:
ttot (Total Time) −b ± b 2 − 4ac
) θ = 37 ˚ x=
diy = 0 m 2a
dfy = -1 m ground
Given:
y-component Quadratic Formula
g = 9.8 m/s²
viy = 12.0 m/s
vmax = 0 m/s
dy = -1.0 m ax² + bx + c = 0 → at² + bt + c = 0
Required:
ttot (Total Time)
−b ± b 2 − 4ac −b ± b 2 − 4ac
x= → 𝐭=
2a 2a
Given:
y-component
g = 9.8 m/s²
viy = 12.0 m/s Quadratic Formula
vmax = 0 m/s
dy = -1.0 m at² + bt + c = 0
1
Required: dy = viyt - gt²
ttot (Total Time)
2
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
𝐭=
Equation: 2a
1
dy = viyt - 2 gt²
1
Given: dy = viyt - gt²
Quadratic Formula y-component
g = 9.8 m/s²
2
viy = 12.0 m/s 1
at² + bt + c = 0 vmax = 0 m/s - 1.0 m = (12.0 m/s)t - (9.8 m/s²)t²
2
dy = -1.0 m
- 1.0 m = (12.0m/s)t - (4.9 m/s²)t²
−b ± b 2 − 4ac Required:
𝐭= ttot (Total Time)
2a
Equation: (4.9 m/s²)t² - (12.0 m/s)t - 1m = 0
1
dy = viyt - gt²
2
1 at² + bt + c = 0
dy = viyt - gt²
2
(4.9 m/s²)t² - (12.0 m/s)t – 1.0 m = 0
Quadratic Formula
a = 4.9 m/s²
at² + bt + c = 0
b = - 12.0 m/s
𝐭=
−b ± b 2 − 4ac c = - 1.0 m
2a
at² + bt + c = 0
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
𝐭= (4.9 m/s²)t² - (12.0 m/s)t – 1.0 m = 0
2a
−b + b 2 − 4ac
𝐭= a = 4.9 m/s²
2a
b = - 12.0 m/s
−b − b2 − 4ac
𝐭=
2a c = - 1.0 m
−b + b 2 − 4ac a = 4.9 m/s² Suppose the ball was punted at an angle of

𝐭= 37ᵒ with an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s and left the
2a b = - 12.0 m/s punter’s foot at a height of 1.00 m above the ground.
What is the ball’s total time in air just before hitting
c = - 1.0 m the ground? (Calculate the time using quadratic
formula)
−b + b 2 − 4ac
t=
2a
12.0 m/s + 163.6 m²/s²
−(−12.0 mΤs) + − 12.0 mΤs 2 − 4 (4.9 mΤs ²)(−1 m) t =
t = 9.8 m/s²
2 (4.9 mΤs ²)
12.0 m/s +12.7906 m/s

12.0 m/s + (144 m²/s²) − 4 (− 4.9 m²/s²) t=
t = 9.8 m/s²
9.8 m/s²
24.7906 m/s
12.0 m/s +
m2
144 2 +19.6 m²/s²)
t =
9.8 m/s²
s
t =
9.8 m/s²
t = 2.53 s
−b − b 2 − 4ac a = 4.9 m/s² Suppose the ball was punted at an angle of

𝐭= 37ᵒ with an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s and left the
2a b = - 12.0 m/s punter’s foot at a height of 1.00 m above the ground.
What is the ball’s total time in air just before hitting
c = - 1.0 m the ground? (Calculate the time using quadratic
formula)
−b − b 2 − 4ac
t=
2a
m
12.0 s − 163.6 m²/s²
− −12.0 mΤs − − 12.0 mΤs 2 − 4 (4.9 mΤs ²)(−1 m) t=
t = 9.8 m/s²
2 (4.9 mΤs ²)
m 12.0m/s− 12.7906 m/s

12.0 s − (144 m²/s²) − 4 (− 4.9 m²/s²) t=
t = 9.8 m/s²
9.8 m/s²
− 0.7906 m/s
m
12.0 −
m2
144 2 +19.6 m²/s²)
t =
s
9.8 m/s²
s
t =
9.8 m/s²
t = - 0.08 s

Projectile Motion Equations

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Projectile Motion Equations

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PROJECTILE MOTION

PROJECTILE MOTION is the combination of horizontal and vertical

The path followed

x-component of projectile motion

Neglecting external force, the

x-component of projectile motion

Neglecting external force, the

The vertical motion of a projectile is the same

You throw a coin horizontally, and

HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE VERTICAL PROJECTILE

The projectile motion of a

The velocity along the x-component of the

A red ball is dropped from rest

Assuming the two objects were

vx = vix = vfx (constant velocity) vfy = viy −gt

dx = v x t vfy ²= viy ² − 2gdy

A cannonball launched by a cannon horizontally off a 22.0-meter high

A cannonball launched by a cannon horizontally off a 22.0-meter

Given quantities in x-component

A cannonball launched by a cannon horizontally off a 22.0-meter

Given quantities in y-component

A cannonball launched by a cannon horizontally off a 22.0-meter

A cannonball launched by a cannon horizontally off a 22.0-meter

Required: ➢ vfy = viy - gt

A cannonball launched by a cannon horizontally off a 22.0-meter

A cannonball launched by a cannon horizontally off a 22.0-meter

A cannonball launched by a cannon horizontally off a 22.0-meter

A cannonball launched by a cannon horizontally off a 22.0-meter

Required: vix vix = 16.51 m/s

A ball rolls off the lab table with an initial velocity

a. How long it takes the ball to reach the ground?

a. How long it takes the ball to reach the ground?

vix = 3.57 m/s

b. How high is the lab table?

b. How high is the lab table?

-x +x Required: dy (height of the table)

b. How high is the lab table?

b. How high is the lab table?

Equation: dy = 0.60 m, downward

vi = 3.57 m/s *** vf = __________

vi = 3.57 m/s *** vf = __________

vi = 3.57 m/s *** vf = __________

vi vix vfx = 3.57 m/s Solution: vf = (3.57𝑚/𝑠)2 +(− 3.43 m/s)2 )

vfy = - 3.43 m/s vf Answer: vf = 4.95 m/s

Required: θ (angle of the direction)

vi vix vfx = 3.57 m/s Solution: θ = tan-1

vfx = 3.57 m/s,

vi vix vfx = 3.57 m/s

vfy = - 3.43 m/s vf = 4.95 m/s, 43.85˚, South of East

HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE VERTICAL PROJECTILE

launching angle must be

The object would reach

initial velocity constant has a value

vix = vi cosθ (initial velocity along the x-

vx = vix (constant velocity) vfy = viy −gt

dx = vx t vfy ²= viy ² − 2gdy

A football is kicked at an angle θ = 37.0˚ with a velocity of 20.0 m/s.

A football is kicked at an angle θ = 37.0˚ with a velocity of 20.0 m/s.

𝐯𝐢𝐱 = 𝐯𝐢 cosθ (initial velocity along the x-component)

A football is kicked at an angle θ = 37.0˚ with a velocity of 20.0 m/s.

A football is kicked at an angle θ = 37.0˚ with a velocity of 20.0 m/s.

A football is kicked at an angle θ = 37.0˚ with a velocity of 20.0 m/s.