UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA

Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University

College of Medical Technology

Name:
Year&Section:
Date:
"Sed omnia praeclara tam difficilia quam rara sunt"

Direction: Choose the BEST answer from the choices provided.

1. A trace element, which is a primary component of Vitamin B12?
A. Iron
B. Manganese
C. Aluminum
D. Cobalt
2. A trace element, which is the primary component of the Oxygen carrying protein of the blood?
A. Iron
B. Nickel
C. Chromium
D. Zinc
3. This major element serves as the backbone of organic molecules.
A. Hydrogen
B. Carbon
C. Nitrogen
D. Calcium
4. This major element separates proteins and nucleic acids from carbohydrates.
A. Phosphorus
B. Carbon
C. Oxygen
D. Nitrogen
5. This major element is necessary for energy transfer and respiration; Component of most
organic compounds.
A. Potassium
B. Phosphorus
C. Sulfur
D. Hydrogen
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA
Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
College of Medical Technology

6. An important negatively charged ion that is found mainly at the interior of the cell.
A. Sodium
B. Magnesium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
7. A major element that triggers muscle contraction (skeletal muscle).
A. Sodium
B. Silicone
C. Fluorine
D. Calcium
8. A trace element that alters/enhances the effects of the primary hypoglycemic agents in
humans.
A. Boron
B. Zinc
C. Vanadium
D. Chromium
9. The primary trace element of all thyroid hormones.
A. Aluminum
B. Iron
C. Fluorine
D. Iodine
10. This trace element is a key component for proper DNA synthesis and cellular maturation.
A. Vanadium
B. Copper
C. Boron
D. Cobalt
11. Principal component that serves as the backbone of nucleic acids; Important in energy
transfer during metabolism.
A. Oxygen
B. Phosphorus
C. Potassium
D. Nitrogen
12. Principal positive ion within the cell; Important in nerve function
A. Potassium
B. Hydrogen
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA
Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
College of Medical Technology

C. Boron
D. Chloride
13. Major elements that comprises 96% of the human body:
I. Carbon II. Hydrogen III. Sulfur IV. Iron V. Oxygen VI. Nitrogen
A. I, II, III, IV
B. I,II,V
C. II, IV, V, VI
D. I, II, V,VI

Choices for items number 14-73.

A. TRUE
B. FALSE

F 14. The octet rule refers to the chemical bonding patterns of the first eight elements of the
Periodic Table.
T 15. The octet rule refers to the tendency of certain elements to react in such a way that
they achieve an outer shell of eight valence electrons.
F 16. In gaining electrons, an atom becomes a positively charged ion called a cation.
T 17. When an atom forms an ion, only the number of valence electrons changes; the
number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus does not change.
T 18. In forming ions, Group 2A elements typically lose two electrons to become cations
with a charge of +2.
F 19. In forming an ion, a sodium atom (1s22s22p63s1) completes its valence shell by adding
one electron to fill its 3s shell (1s22s22p63s2).
T 20. The elements of Group 6A typically react by accepting two electrons to become
anions with a charge of -2.
F 21. With the exception of hydrogen, the octet rule applies to all elements in periods 1, 2,
and 3.
F 22. Atoms and the ions derived from them have very similar physical and chemical
properties.
T 23. For Group 1A and Group 2A elements, the name of the ion each forms is simply the
name of the element followed by the word ion; for example, Mg2+ is named magnesium ion.
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA
Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
College of Medical Technology

F 24. H- is named hydride ion.

F 25. The nucleus of H- consists of one proton and one neutron.
T 26. Many transition and inner transition elements form more than one positively charged
ion.
F 27. In naming metal cations with two different charges, the suffix -ous refers to the ion
with a charge of +1 and -ic refers to the ion with a charge of +2.
T 28. Fe3+ may be named either iron(III) ion or ferric ion.
F 29. The anion derived from a bromine atom is named bromine ion.
T 30. The anion derived from an oxygen atom is named oxide ion.
T 31. HCO3- is named hydrogen carbonate ion.
F 32. The prefix bi- in the name “bicarbonate” ion indicates that this ion has a charge of -2.
F 33. The hydrogen phosphate ion has a charge of +1, and the dihydrogen phosphate ion
has a
charge of +2.
F 34. The phosphate ion is PO34-
T 35. The nitrite ion is NO2-, and the nitrate ion is NO3-
T 36. The carbonate ion is NO32-, and the hydrogen carbonate ion is HCO3-
T 37. According to the Lewis model of bonding, atoms bond together in such a way that
each atom participating in the bond acquires an outer-shell electron configuration matching that
of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number.
T 38. Atoms that lose electrons to achieve a filled valence shell become cations and form
ionic bonds with anions.
T 39. Atoms that gain electrons to achieve filled valence shells become anions and form
ionic bonds with cations.
T 40. Atoms that share electrons to achieve filled valence shells form covalent bonds
F 41. Ionic bonds tend to form between elements on the left side of the Periodic Table, and
covalent bonds tend to form between elements on the right side of the Periodic Table.
T 42. Ionic bonds tend to form between a metal and a nonmetal.
T 43. When two nonmetals combine, the bond between them is usually covalent.
T 44. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s attraction for the electrons it shares in a
chemical bond with another atom.
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA
Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
College of Medical Technology

F 45. Electronegativity generally increases with atomic number.

F 46. Electronegativity generally increases with atomic weight.
T 47. Electronegativity is a periodic property.
F 48. Fluorine, in the upper-right corner of the Periodic Table, is the most electronegative
element; hydrogen, in the upper-left corner, is the least electronegative element.
T 49. Electronegativity depends on both the nuclear charge and the distance of the valence
electrons from the nucleus.
T 50. Electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period of the Periodic
Table.
F 51. Electronegativity generally increases from top to bottom in a column of the Periodic
Table.
T 52. An ionic bond is formed by the combination of positive and negative ions.
F 53. An ionic bond between two atoms forms by the transfer of one or more valence
electrons from the atom of higher electronegativity to the atom of lower electronegativity.
T 54. As a rough guideline, we say that an ionic bond will form if the difference in
electronegativity between two atoms is approximately 1.9 or greater.
T 55. In forming NaCl from sodium and chlorine atoms, one electron is transferred from the
valence shell of sodium to the valence shell of chlorine.
T 56. A covalent bond is formed between two atoms whose difference in electronegativity
is less
than 1.9.
F 57. If the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is zero (they have identical
electronegativities), then the two atoms will not form a covalent bond.
F 58. A covalent bond formed by sharing two electrons is called a double bond.
T 59. In the hydrogen molecule (H2), the shared pair of electrons completes the valence
shell of each hydrogen.
T 60. In the molecule CH4 , each hydrogen has an electron configuration like that of helium
and carbon has an electron configuration like that of neon.
T 61. In a polar covalent bond, the more electronegative atom has a partial negative charge
(δ-) and the less electronegative atom has a partial positive charge (δ+).
T 62. These bonds are arranged in order of increasing polarity C-H < N-H < O-H
F 63. These bonds are arranged in order of increasing polarity H-F < H-CL < H-Br
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA
Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
College of Medical Technology

T 64. A polar bond has a dipole with the negative end located at the more electronegative
atom.
T 65. In a single bond, two atoms share one pair of electrons; in a double bond, they share
two pairs of electrons; and in a triple bond, they share three pairs of electrons.
F 66. The Lewis structure for ethane, C2H6, must show eight valence electrons.
T 67. The Lewis structure for formaldehyde, CH2O, must show 12 valence electrons.
F 68. The Lewis structure for the ammonium ion, NH4+, must show nine valence electrons.
T 69. Atoms of third-period elements can hold more than eight electrons in their valence
shells.
T 70. To predict whether a covalent molecule is polar or nonpolar, you must know both the
polarity of each bond and the geometry (shape) of the molecule.
T 71. A molecule may have two or more polar bonds and still be nonpolar.
F 72. All molecules with polar bonds are polar.
T 73. If water were a linear molecule with an H-O-H bond angle of 180˚, water would be a
nonpolar molecule.
T 73. H2O and NH3 are polar molecules, but CH4 is nonpolar.

74. These are compounds that dissociates and yields particles that carries electrical charges when
placed in a solution.
A. Ions
B. Electrolytes
C. Metals
D. Transition substances
75. Reference range for the total body water as a percentage of total body weight
A. 45-75%
B. 25-50%
C. 65-90%
D. 15-30%
76. Extracellular fluid compartments:
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA
Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
College of Medical Technology

I. Interstitial fluid II. Plasma III. Tears IV. Urine V. Transcellular fluid VI. Lymph
A. I, II, V, VI
B. II, III, IV and V
C. I, II, V
D. I and II only
77. Primary extracellular cat-ion.
A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Calcium
D. Phosphate
78. Primary intracellular cat-ion.
A. Sodium
B. Phosphate
C. Potassium
D. Bicarbonate
79. Primary extracellular an-ion.
A. HCO3
B. Cl
C. Proteinates
D. Magnesium
80. I. Interstitial fluid contains hardly any protein anions.
II. Capillary membrane is practically impermeable to proteins.
A. I is true; II is false
B. Both statement is false
C. Both statement is true.
D. Invalid
81. Transcellular Fluids:
I. CSF II. Synovial III. Pleural fluid IV. Ascites V. Vitreous humor
A. I. II. III. IV, V
B. I, II, III
C. IV, V
D. III, IV and V
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA
Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
College of Medical Technology

82. Charged particles that is attracted to the negative electrode (Cathode) when a weak current is
placed in an electrolyte solution.
A. Anion
B. Cation
C. Polyanion
D. Plasma protein substrates
83. Excess blood volume.
A. Dehydration
B. Achlorhydria
C. Hypervolemia
D. Perfusive sweating
84. Excessive loss of body water characterized by skin resiliency loss or pressure (turgor).
A. Hypovolemic state
B. Dehydration
C. Osmosis
D. Hydrostatic pressure excess.
85. Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular spaces of a human subject.
A. Edema
B. Hematoma
C. Ecchymosis
D. Petechiae
86. Hormone responsible for the reabsorption of Sodium in the renal tissue.
A. Procalcitonin
B. Glucagon
C. Aldosterone
D. Arginine vasopressin
87. Which is the most predominant buffer system in the body?
A. Bicarbonate/carbonic acid
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA
Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
College of Medical Technology

B. Acetate/acetic acid
C. Phosphate/phosphorous acid
D. Hemoglobin
88. The measurement of the pressure of dissolved CO2 (PCO2) in the blood is most closely
associated with the concentration of what substance?
A. pH
B. Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
C. Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
D. PO2
89. What is the term that describes the sum of carbonic acid and bicarbonate in plasma?
A. Total CO2
B. Standard bicarbonate
C. Buffer base
D. Base excess
90. To maintain a pH of 7.4 in plasma, it is necessary to maintain a
A. 10:1 ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid
B. 20:1 ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid
C. 1:20 ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid
D. 20:1 ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate
91. In the plasma, an excess in the concentration of bicarbonate without a change in PCO2 from
normal will result in what physiological state?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
92. Which of the following characterizes respiratory acidosis?
A. Excess of bicarbonate
B. Deficit of bicarbonate
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA
Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
College of Medical Technology

C. Excess of dissolved carbon dioxide (PCO2)

D. Deficit of dissolved carbon dioxide(PCO2)
93. What is the specimen of choice for analysis of acid-base disturbances involving pulmonary
dysfunction in an adult?
A. Venous blood
B. Arterial blood
C. Capillary blood
D. Urine
94. In order to maintain electrical neutrality in the red blood cell, bicarbonate leaves the red
blood cell and enters the plasma through an exchange mechanism with what electrolyte?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Chloride
D. Phosphate
95. In acute diabetic ketoacidosis, which of the following laboratory findings would be
expected?
A. Fasting blood glucose elevated, pH elevated, ketone bodies present
B. Fasting blood glucose elevated, pH low, ketone bodies present
C. Fasting blood glucose elevated, pH normal, ketone bodies absent
D. Fasting blood glucose decreased, pH low, ketone bodies absent
96. Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis?
A. Late stage of salicylate poisoning
B. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
C. Renal failure
D. Excessive vomiting
97. Which of the following statements is true about partially compensated respiratory alkalosis?
A. PCO 2 is higher than normal.
B. HCO3- is higher than normal.
C. More CO 2 is eliminated through the lungs by hyperventilation.
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – LAGUNA
Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
College of Medical Technology

D. Renal reabsorption of HCO3- is decreased.

98. Which is a compensatory mechanism in respiratory acidosis?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Decreased reabsorption of bicarbonate by the kidneys
C. Increased Na+/H+ exchange by the kidneys
D. Decreased ammonia formation by the
Kidneys
99. Which of the following statements about carbonic anhydrase (CA) is true?
A. Catalyzes conversion of CO2 and H2O to HHCO3 in red blood cells
B. Causes shift to the left in oxygen dissociation curve
C. Catalyzes formation of H2CO3 from CO2 and H2O in the tissues
D. Inactive in renal tubular cells
100. Which of the following statements best describes "base excess"?
A. Primarily refers to carbonic acid concentration
B. Positive values reflect metabolic alkalosis.
C. Created through metabolism of carbohydrates
D. Negative values represent a respiratory imbalance.

“but everything great is just as difficult to realize as it is rare to find”

-Ethics of Spinoza