INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: applications and interpretation

MAI

EXERCISES [MAI 1.8]

COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

A. Paper 1 questions (SHORT)

1. [Maximum mark: 7]
Let f ( z )  z 2  8 z  20 .

(a) Find the discriminant  of the quadratic function f . [2]

(b) Find the complex roots of the equation f ( z )  0 in the form z  a  bi by using
b  i 
the formula z  [3]
2a
(c) Use factorisation to express f in the form f ( z )  ( z  h) 2  k . [2]

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

2. [Maximum mark: 7]

b  i 
The complex roots of the equation az 2  bz  c  0 are given by z  .
2a
where   b 2  4ac
(a) Find the complex roots of the equation 4 z 2  8 z  13  0 by using the given
formulas by expressing your answers in the form z  a  bi . [4]
(b) Let S be the sum of the roots and P be the product of the roots. Show that
b
(i) the sum of the roots is  .
a
c
(ii) the product of the roots is . [3]
a

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

3. [Maximum mark: 6]
Find analytically

(a) (1  i 3) 2 in the form a  bi , where a, b  Z . [3]

(b) (1  i 3)3 . [3]

[Confirm the results by your GDC]

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4. [Maximum mark: 6]
i
Let the complex number z be given by z  1  .
i– 3
Express z analytically in the form a  bi , giving the exact values of a, b .
[Confirm the result by your GDC]

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

5. [Maximum mark: 5]
2
Let z  1  4i , Express z 2 in the form x  yi where x, y  Z .
1– i
Show analytically your work.
[Confirm the result by your GDC]

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6. [Maximum mark: 4]

(a) Given that ( a  2)  3i  7  (b  1)i , find the value of a and of b , where a , b  . [2]

(b) Given that (c  2)  ( d  1)i  0 , find the value of c and of d , where c, d  . [2]

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

7. [Maximum mark: 7]
Let z  x  yi . Find the values of x and y if

(2  5i) z  1  17i
(a) by substituting z  x  yi in the equation and solving the simultaneous equations. [3]
b
(b) by using division (an equation of the form az  b , implies z  ). [4]
a

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

8. [Maximum mark: 6]
Given that ( a  i)(2  bi)  7  i , find the value of a and of b , where a , b  .

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9. [Maximum mark: 6]
Consider the equation 2( p  iq )  q  ip  2(1  i) , where p and q are both real
numbers. Find p and q .

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

10. [Maximum mark: 4]

Let z  x  yi . Find the values of x and y if (1  i) z  1  3i .

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11. [Maximum mark: 4]

Find the values of a and b , where a and b are real, given that (a  bi)(2  i)  5  i .

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

12. [Maximum mark: 6]

Solve the following equation for z , where z is a complex number.
z z 1 5
 
3  4i 5i 3  4i
Give your answer in the form a  bi where a , b  Z .

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

13. [Maximum mark: 6]

a b
The two complex numbers z1  and z2  where a, b  R , are such that
1 i 1  2i
z1  z 2  3 . Calculate the value of a and of b .

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14. [Maximum mark: 5]

The complex number z satisfies i( z  2)  1  2 z . Write z in the form z  a  bi , where

a and b are real numbers.

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

15. [Maximum mark: 6]

Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers. Solve analytically the simultaneous equations

2 z1  3 z2  7
z1  iz2  4  4i
Give your answers in the form z  a  bi , where a , b  .

[Confirm the result by your GDC]

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

16. [Maximum mark: 6]

Given that z  2 5 , find the complex number z that satisfies the equation
25  15  1  8i.
z z*

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

17. [Maximum mark: 7]

z
Let w  2
where z  x  iy , y  0 and z 2  1  0 .
z 1
Given that w is a real number show that z  1 .

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

18. [Maximum mark: 8]

(a) Evaluate (1  i) 2 , where i 2 =  1 . [2]
2
(b) Find (a  ai) in terms of a and i . [2]
4
(c) Find (a  ai) in terms of a . [2]
8
(d) Find ( a  ai) in terms of a . [2]

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

B. Paper 2 questions (LONG)

19. [Maximum mark: 14]

Find the complex number z in each of the following equations.
(a) (2  5i) z  9  3  14i [3]

(b) ( 2  5i) z  9  3 z  19i [5]

(c) (2  5i) z  8  3 z  20i [6]

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

20. [Maximum mark: 12]

Given that z  a  bi and w  c  di , show that
(a) Express zw in the form x  yi [2]
2 2 2
(b) Show that zw   ac   (bd ) 2   ac   (bd ) 2 [2]

(c) Show that

(i) zwzw (ii) zw  z w (iii) zw  z w [8]

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 [MAI 1.8 COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

21. [Maximum mark: 12]

Let z  x  yi be a complex number.
(a) Given that w  z  16
(i) write down the conjugate of w
2
(ii) express w in the form x 2  y 2  ax  b . [5]
2
(b) Express z  1 in terms of x and y . [2]

(c) Given that z  16  4 z  1 , find the value of z . [5]

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