Sequence and Series

Scalar product of rectors: rector product: Lives is 3D space

Vectors
When drawing vectors, take note of direction. If going opposite
direction, add a minus sign before the vector.
Two vectors are equal if they have the same direction and length.

Parallel rectors:

Position rector of A OF =
1
Collinear vectors:
of A:18A1=111 kc,,y,
Magnitude =

usit vectors:

Of -
↓
parallel to

the live

to-position rector
of a point
On the live

*ogle between rectors a and b:

Area of triangle:

plases three-dimensional space:

Intersecting lives and stew lives: is Acute Angle between places:

~I

-·
P

*
s

the rector of the place:

itEot-offatTTOTATTCEA
equation
(same lives O
I parallel but not the same)

Or

areliveswhicehst
d
↓d =
acct byCE ce
-
I Acute Angle between lives and place:

↓
a + 1 L

*I n
I as
Costs
Intersection between lives and places: ↓ tersection between two places:
Differentiation Implicit Differentiation: Trigonometric Identities Fa= a 18C=chosC
& (t) Aa (AU) x de -I fOCE to Six+coSO I

Ezl
=
= 0 Multiple: = cotO= =1 Io = IN -

1ON
sec'O-= thx "

a 120) 83C-
*

= Product: A (UV) no +U =

v-nd
secO=coso
Cs28=sido
CSC[8-1
Six 2c=2Sd/CCOs)C
= C0t"R
asaot=1019 1.SCY = 10C +10Y

da (MSC) x =
Quotient: A= Parametric Differentiation
Hoe =
1, 101 = 0

dle") =e
va
sireto
COS2Sc=cOS"C-sixY(
=(f) No=cC

sititice
" taxc =

t=fix [COSC I
-

chail:
=

Trigonometry FubCtiONS:
CotO=COSO
Six O
+ap232:,elacea
=
1-2S8%(
anta-arte Moe 8loe"
= If "e

-decsisc) -cos,res Ecks;.sCS-cis,an

Mo
car= a
flow: W
SixACoSA=Six2A SIRACOSA=Six2A =
axb =
19xb)
COSTA -11 + COS2A) &zess geos?
18)
=
-b
=
d
=

249
belarc=secs,as &declaris-ic d SidA= t11 (a + b = 0+29b b4
=

re
= -

COS2A) +

at Six A.COSB =
[ISio (A+B) + sixA-B17 9
(a-b
"
=

= 0 -zab + b
SidT IO T = 1800
COSA. SixB= EIsid (A + B)-Six(A-B17 (a +b) (a-b) -
b"

pcssec-sectasres
= 0
Sixt=124=3600
COSA. COSB= tICOS1A +B) + COSIA-B1/ #= gpo
Six A.SidB=-tICOSCA +B1- COSSA-B1l

Circle:A = Tr ,c = 24% Pyramid: v =

5x Base Area & H
↳year Approximation:
sphere: v =
Tr 3, SA= 4T," Prism: v = Area x X-section X L
3
+54 + Tr
TSA:
Perimeter of base x H + 2(Base Area)
Hemisphere:v =
= Tr SA= 2

=3Tr" core: v =
f1rth, CSA= Tr& Il-Slapt Height)

Clidden: Tr2h,
2
v =
CSA = 27rM, TSA: TrM+Tr

TSA= 27-4 + 2T1r4

Integration
cx bidxc=lapctblct
actctbidsc-tas"/fatbotis
Scadsa= /last +C, o
+C,07-1
Integration by partial fraction:
&Id)2= xC + C Slack+bidC lplaxc+b1 +C
&1211K2-1)dC
=
G
Jixk((dc COSASC + C
=-
Jelac+bdC=elatb + C (cc-1)K-1)=Dc-1)1>c-1)kC+1)
-
I

SCOSKYCdC=SidKCC +C & Sa"-bctbpd)C=C0s"(Ct3) + C 12+1) (<c-1)2

ii. FFE"YOTAs
& (axc+b)dC=-cos(asc +b)
=

Six + C

/secYcdC=taxsC + C
1 coslaxc+b)dc=SidlaxC+b) C Sa $c+64d)c=caolilb all+C

Topps
+

SCSC cdc =-cot +C

Stap (asc+b)dsc=aolseclac+b)1

catbiadecantitiestarl+
+ C
/sectapscd>c= secc +C
/seclass +b)dc=olseclasc+b) + taplaxc +b) + (
<ScotscdC=-CS4C+C
/csclactbldxc=-oksclactb) + cotsasc+b) +
Stedsc= 10Kc) +C
& (xctbl-az
EricksCrtI ot1
& Cotlasc+b)d)=-01cSclac+b)1 +

C d)C=101kc+b) + (kC+b7-1+C Ks
Jadc= +c /sec" laxc+b)dC=taplasc +b) + C
substitution:
Je'dc= ++C /CSC"lasc+b)dC=-Cotlaxc+b) +C
Integration by +c10+1

/seccasc+b) taplac+bldc=seclac+b) +c
· STtkc5fpcdc=Sudu =1- B +3

B = E
A+c
-

& (SC193C +b) ·

(Ot1axc+b)dSc =-fcsclac+b) +C -

SP dec Stid Ski-llStotTtech

rest
lotegrationbeparts.LftEet
=

Exponential
-

trigo
= 181Ul + ( ·E10k(+1).2loks-11-flC#
JefPc f'Kcdc =
Se "du
Loverse UI First start t
from L =e"+C

Rate of charge: Targest and Normal: tor fike) is

gradients Increasing and decensing
y b = mkc-a) -> Point slope fore fU&(fi0&:
-

I gradient of targest life) x (gradiest of formal life) = -1

Mx(gradient of formal life) =-

gradiest of targest life can be found by: dorfipc) use first derivative
determine whether is
test to

gradient of formal life-th increasing

and to
or

determine for
decreasing
quation of
E targest life=y-yo= Mkc->co) local max. & local Mid

use second derivative

Equation of formal life
=y-yo:-tkc->c)
test for turning point
d = vertical target, A=
= 0 to

I flexion point
d E, Horizontal targest, 1
= = 0
-

a point that the concavity

of the function changes
-
Neither cocare purcorvet

Integrals: Area under curve: lotegrals: volume under curve:

Area about sc-axis volume about C-axis

volume about X-axis

zederal solution:

Area about y-axis

Particular solution: