Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS
DIVISION OF ESCALANTE CITY
ESCALANTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Topic Astronomical Phenomena Before the Advent of Telescopes (M2, W1)

Subject/Grade Level Physical Science Grade 12
Time Allotment 50 minutes
TEACHER MARIA DINA G. TAYACTAC
Date: November 15, 2022
Checked by:
Learning Competencies and Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Cite examples of astronomical phenomena known to astronomers before the advent of
telescopes. (S11/12PS-IVa-4)
ELICIT
• Reviewing the previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

 Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations used a traditional version of a sundial, called gnomon, in
systematically observing the motion of the sun. By observing the shadows that the sundial casts,
they were able to realize that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
 Babylonian astronomers developed zodiac signs. The sky is divided into three sets of 30 degrees
and the group of stars that inhabit each sector. Constellation schemes are used for predicting
and settings of the planets, and lengths of daylight as measured by a water clock (time is
measured by the regulated flow of liquid into or out from a vessel and where the amount is then
measured) and shadows.
 This lesson will help you to explain how the Greeks knew that the Earth is spherical.

ENGAGE
• Establishing a purpose for the lesson
• Presenting examples/ instances of the new lesson

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xd_sFoIou4
 Processing questions:
1. What can you say about the video?
2. Based on your observation, what are the most observable celestial objects in the sky?
 Present the objective of the lesson

EXPLORE
• Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1
• Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

Direction: List (as many as you can) all the possible astronomical phenomena known to astronomers
before the advent of telescopes, from the lists choose 5 phenomena that are mostly occurring. Put your
answer on the table and describe each phenomenon.
1.

EXPLAIN
• Developing mastery (leads to formative assessment 3)

 Phases of the Moon

Ancient people have observed that the moon changes its path and its appearance within 29.5
days. They observed that the moon changes its phase from thin semi-circular disk to full circular
disk. These phases of the moon is the basis of primitive calendars.
 Lunar Eclipse
Besides their observation in the different lunar phases, they also noticed that there are times
when the moon or part of it seemed to be covered by a shadow for a short moment. Lunar
Brgy. Alimango, Escalante City, Negros Occidental, Philippines
Tel. No. 724-7057
School Email Add: 302625@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS
DIVISION OF ESCALANTE CITY
ESCALANTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

eclipse occurs when Earth positions between the Sun and the Moon.
 Solar Eclipse
A phenomenon known as solar eclipse was also observed. Solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is
in between the Sun and the Earth and the Moon is either partially or totally blocks out the Sun
causing the Moon to cast its shadow towards Earth.
 The Motion of the Stars
It was also observed that the stars appear to be attached to a celestial sphere that rotates
around an axis in a day. The axis of the northern sky closely intercepts with the northern star
known as Polaris. Also, the constellations’ positions in the night sky changes depending on the
time of the year.
 Visibility of Planets
Astronomers have discovered that Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn were classified as
planets because they have noticed that the stars are in a fixed position with respect to each
other. However, these bright stars changed positions periodically. But these “bright stars” do not
belong to any group of stars in the sky. Therefore, these cosmic bodies

ELABORATE
• Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living
• Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

Key Questions:
1. What are the different astronomical phenomena that ancient astronomers observe?
2. What do you think are the implications or significant contributions of these astronomical
phenomena in modern-day research as far as Astronomy is concerned?

EVALUATE
• Evaluating learning

Directions: Read the statements carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.

1. The spinning motion of the Earth on it’s axis is called ______

A. rotation b. revolution c. orbit d. period of evolution

2. The earth spins on an imaginary axix. The earth’s axis is ________?

A. tilted at 45 degrees C. tilted at 23.5 degrees
B. not tilted at all D. tilted toward the sun

3. How many days does it take for the Earth revolve around the Sun in a single year?
A. exactly 365 days C. exactly 365 days, 5 hours, 48 min, 45 sec
C. more than 366 days D. 31 days

4. The “wobbling” of the Earth’s axis of rotation?

A. exactly 365 days B. every 25, 772 years
C. every 52 years d. every 1,000 years
5. What causes the precession of the equinoxes?
A. uneven mountains B. solar wind
c. changes in the Earth’s core d. gravitational pull of sun and moon on the Earth
EXTEND
• Additional activities for application or remediation

 On a timeline, write the names of the philosophers discussed to give the students an overview of
the development of the models.

Brgy. Alimango, Escalante City, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Tel. No. 724-7057
School Email Add: 302625@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS
DIVISION OF ESCALANTE CITY
ESCALANTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

REMARKS

 43/50 or 86% of learners attained an 83% level of proficiency.

 Proceed to the next lesson

Prepared by:

MARIA DINA G. TAYACTAC

SCIENCE TEACHER

Brgy. Alimango, Escalante City, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Tel. No. 724-7057
School Email Add: 302625@deped.gov.ph