INPUT,OUTPUT AND STORAGE

DEVICES

INSTRUCTOR: M.ATIF BAJWA

 INPUT DEVICES

• Input - Any data or instruction entered to computer

• Input device helps to communicate with computer
• Helps to enter information and issue commands
• Examples:
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Microphone
Joystick
Light Pen
KEYBOARD

• Most common and widely used

• Made up of buttons called “KEYS”
• QWERTY is a keyboard layout
• 101 keys in normal keyboard, 104, 124
• Keys are arranged to sections:
• Alphabet keys
• Function keys
• Numeric keys
• Arrow keys
• Command keys
MOUSE
• Pointing device
• Used to control the movement of mouse pointer an to make selections
• Double click
• Right Click
• Left Click
• Types of mouse
Optical mouse – ball is replaced by optical system
Wheel mouse – contains scroll wheel
Cordless mouse – connected to computer using IF or radio signals
OPTICAL MOUSE WHEEL MOUSE CORDLESS MOUSE
SCANNER
• Light sensing input device
• Used to control the movement of mouse pointer an to make selections
• Types of scanner:
Bar code reader– decodes information contained in bar codes
Optical Scanner– converts a documents text or graphics to digital data
MICROPHONE
• Used to input sound that is stored in digital form
• Also called as mic
• Also lets you to others to communicate with others
JOYSTICK
• Pointing device that works on principle of trackball
• Function is same as mouse
• It is a stick having spherical balls at both upper and lower ends
• Can be moved in four directions
LIGHT PEN
• Used to select a displayed menu item
• Draw pictures on screen
• Contains a photocell and an optical system
• Detects screen location and sends corresponding signal to CPU
 OUTPUT DEVICES
• Output - Any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate
the results of data processing

• Converts the electronically generated information into human-readable

form
• Some types of output are text, graphics, tactile, audio and video
• Text consists of characters
• Graphics are digital representations of nontext information such as
drawings, charts, photographs, and animation

• Tactile output such as raised line drawings

• Audio is music, speech, or any other sound.
• Video consists of images played back at speeds to provide the appearance
of full motion.
• Examples:
Monitor
Printer
Plotter

Soundcard and Speaker

MONITOR

• Commonly called as VDU(Visual Display Unit)

• Main output device
• Can display text as well as graphic images
• Types of monitor
Cathode Ray Tube(CRT)-
Flat Panel Display
PRINTER

• Its an output device Used to print text or illustrations

• Output of printer is called hard copy
• There are many types of printers:
• Impact Printers : An impact printer is a type of printer that works by
direct contact of an ink ribbon with paper. Example Dot matrix, daisy-
wheel and ball printers
• Non-Impact Printers : An non-impact printer is a type of printer that
works without direct contact with paper. Example Laser Printer. Inkjet
Printer. Thermal Printer.
PLOTTER

• Used to draw pictures on paper , Large scale printing

• Draw lines using a pen
• Used in engineering applications
• More expensive
SOUNDCARD & SPEAKERS

• Enable the computer to output sound

• Allows users to listen to computer generated sound
• Speakers are required to listen to music or video CD/DVD sound
 STORAGE DEVICES

• Used to store data

• Stores data in the form of 0s and 1s
• Two types of Storage devices:
Primary-RAM,ROM
Secondary-HARD DISK,FLOPPY etc
PRIMARY STORAGE DEVICES
RAM

• RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

• Can read and write
• Volatile
• Two types
DRAM (Dynamic)
SRAM (Static)
ROM

• READ ONLY MEMORY

• Information stored permanently
• Access time is fast
• Four types
• ROM
• PROM ( Programmable ROM)
• EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)
• EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM)
FLOPPY DISK

• Circular disk coated with magnetic oxide enclosed within plastic cover
• Available in different sizes
• Data up to 1.4 MB can be stored
• Data written as tiny magnetic spots
Hard Disks

It is a data storage device in a computer.

It is a secondary storage device.
Its stored in 0 (or) 1.
The operating system, software and most other files are stored in the HD.
Its invented in 1954 by IBM.
Nowadays HD with3.5 inch or 5.25 inch platters in different capacities, such
as 100GB,500GB,1TB etc.
OPTICAL MEDIA

• Works by creating a disc with pitted metallic surface

• Available in different types ranges from 650 MB to 128 GB
• CD-ROM - 650
• CD-R -900
• CD-RW -900
• DVD 4.7 GB
• BLUE RAY 50 GB
CD’s and DVD’s

CD stands for Compact Disk

Size is 650MB to 750MB

Types of CDs
CD-R ( Read only)
CD-RW ( Read Write)

DVD stands for Digital Video Disk

Size is 4.7GB
Types of DVDs
DVD-R (Read Only)
DVD-RW ( Read Write)

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USB ( Universal serial Bus)

What is USB?

• Universal Serial Bus

• A computer exterior interface
• Used across all computer platforms
• Several variations - continues to evolve
• Easily data can be stored and erased
• Provides three advantages
– Port expansion
– Performance
– Standard connection method
FLASH DRIVE

• Solid state
• Plug & play
• Portable
• More data storage
Birth of USB
• Defined by Intel and other industry leaders in early 1990s.
• Data storage of USB is up to 256GB
• Four-wire interface
• Many versions of USB are available
USB 1.1
USB 2.0
USB 3.0
USB 3.1
USB Connectors
USB Connectors (Conti)
System Software
Control the usage and allocation of different
hardware components
Enables the other application programs to execute
Types of System Software's
Operating Systems
Utility Programs
Drivers
 Operating System

Acts as an interface between computer hardware and

computer user.
Controls the execution of all kind programs.

Main objectives of an OS:

• Convenience
• Efficiency
• Ability to evolve
Memory Management
Processor Management
Device Management
File Management
Security
Batch operating system
Time-sharing operating systems
Distributed operating System
Network operating System
Real Time Operating Systems
Lack of interaction between the user and job.
CPU is often idle, because the speeds of the I/O
devices is slower.
Difficult to provide the desired priority.
To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are
batched together and run as a group.
IBM’s OS360.
Processor's time which is shared among multiple users
simultaneously is termed as time-sharing.
Multiple jobs are executed by the CPU by switching
between them.
Provide advantage of quick response.
Reduces CPU idle time.
Unix Operating System
Users not aware of multiplicity of machines Access to remote
resources similar to access to local resources
Data Migration – transfer data by transferring entire file, or
transferring only those portions of the file necessary for the
immediate task
Computation Migration – transfer the computation, rather than
the data, across the system Via remote procedure calls (RPCs)
or via messaging system.
Multi-Player Online Games.
Network Operating System runs on a server.
Manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and
other networking functions.
The primary purpose of the network operating system
is to allow multiple computers to access shared file
and printer.
Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows
Server 2008, UNIX, Linux
Real-time system requires that results be produced
within a specified deadline period.
Time interval required to process and respond to
inputs is so small.
Real-time systems are used when there are rigid time
requirements.
Medical imaging systems, industrial control systems,
weapon systems