QUESTION; A

I)The different sources of information that is used at strategic level within an organization

Communication is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another (Keith
Davis,2014). The sources of strategic information within an organization are;

1; Reports, is the stored information or the information about something that is well organized and can be used to
explain different issues; the report about markets can be used to plan price for our products.

2; Government documents, is the official documents or reports that explains about different issues within the
country or outside the country that is useful for the purpose of educating citizens about issues going on their
country.

3; Books, is the written information or records that is used as sources of communicating especially when using
written or verbal communication that uses words to express ideas.

3; Newspapers, these are the written papers that is used to carry information or news that is needed to be known
to the public and can be used as a source of information since it has the true news and information about
something.

ii) Difference between a biographic and criteria-based interview

Interview is process of assessing the sustainability of the candidates for the specific job (Primo, 2019)

Biographic interview is type of interview that takes place during an interaction between an interview and an
interviewee where the interviewee tells his or story without being interrupted, also it is time consuming type of
interview which requires engagement in narrating, describing and explaining one’s own life experience. While
Criteria based interview is the structural interview designed around the key competency of the job you are being
considered against it designed to test skills and competencies of job looker.

iii) Four elements of market planning

Market is place where goods and services are sold so as to meet human needs or final goods are sold in order
to meet the demand of consumers.

There are four elements of market planning and are follow;

1; Product, this is the final goods that are produced so as to meet the demand of consumers and also products are
collection of goods and services that are sold in market and is the one that makes market alive and flow of goods
and services are assured to be constant.

2; Price is cost of one item of the product sold; this is very important since the aim of the business is to generate
income so price at which products is to be sold is determines the profit that is going to be gained.

3; Promotion is act that is needed by the public so as to become familiar with the products that is sold in the
market and the price, quality and how that good fill their needs and desires.
4; Place is location where the product can be purchased is important thing for optimizing sales and generation of
income and profit since the place for business should be nearby settlement of people or place of consumption.

QUESTION; B

Summary means to convey all or most of a section of text using a reduced number of words. (Shirley
Taylor, 2005)

An abstract summary is conscience summary of a research paper or entire thesis. It is an original

work, also it must be self-contained and make sense by itself. While an executive summary should
summaries the key points of the report.

i)Main characteristics of an abstract

1; Summarize the entire paper usually in one paragraph.

2; It is usually in 150-300 words.

3; Typically written in past tense and mostly in the third person.

4; Entirely new text (no cut and posted from the paper)

5; Stands alone where the reader can understand the abstract on its own.

ii) Characteristics of an executive summary

1; Be appropriately 5-10% of the length of the report.

2; Be written in language appropriate for the target audience.

3; Consists of short and concise paragraphs.

4; Begin with a summary.

5; Only include material present in the main report.

QUESTION; C

i)What is a purpose persuasive communication

Persuasive communication is any message designed to influence people attitude or behavior (Carl I.
Hovland, 2022)

A; Persuasive communication is basically communicating skills that is aimed at creating, reinforcing, or

changing people believes or actions.

B; Persuasive communication benefits us in every part of our lives example in our relationship and
career aspiration.

C; Persuasive communication helps us to get basic needs of lives since when we have no anything to use
but persuasion skills can help us to convince other people so as they can help us to get what we need in
our life.
D; Persuasive communication helps in business advertisement so as the business man can convince
peoples and customers to buy his or her goods and services.

ii) Examples of two written designed to persuade

A; SALES LETTER

Sales letters are very selective form of advertising, they aim to sell company’s goods or services or they
persuade reader to take special offer. (Primo, 2019)

Example of sales letter;

Aurora Mobile

Its important to say in touch;

Dear valued customer,

Within interaction of new connective card, aurora mobile has brought a new era of convivence in mobile
communication with the connect card you can enjoy all the benefits given by us leading edge network
without worrying a lot of bills.

New release is an announcement sent to the press and other media about anything considered to be
news worth. (Primo, 2019)

Example of press release

Date of issue 23 February 2005.

Raffles Xchange Open

SMRT transforms Raffle’s place MRT station into lifestyle hub

SMRT cooperation Ltd today launched Raffle exchange the first of series of lifestyle hub to offer
communizers a shopping experience seamlessly integrated into travel system. The event reaffirms SMRT
commitment to enhance the lives of the passengers is safe. With you continue support we have to
become UKs leading network service provider. Thank you for staying with us.

Your sincerely

Lesley Bolon- Senior director

iii) Things to your argument more convincing to your reader

A; Persuading your leader, writing argument papers perfumes an audience who disagree with your
opinion this will help all leaders to accept your opinion since the report is convincing them.

B; Do your research, to be convince you must be accurate and informative so should do the
research about what your readers need from you and why they can choose instead of others so you
should be aware to those you write for.

C; Show advantages, this will help your readers to know what the benefits comes when working
with you to perform different activities and to get agree with your argument,
iii) Things that inviting letter for an interview contains;

A; Date, this is very important since it gives actual date or duration in which the interview is going to be
proceed and gives the chance for an interviewee to prepare his self for that particular interview.

B; Time, this is very important since the candidate should be aware to specific time at which the
interview is going to be conducted.

C; Location of the interview, this is very important point since it gives the candidates actual area where
the interview is seems to be conducted.

D; Contact information for the interviewer, this is very important since can help the candidate to
communicate with interviewer for further information.

QUESTION; E

According to Paul R. Tmm (1981)” Summaries tie together main points and help the listener to organize
and assimilate the ideas presented”

i)Ways in which phrases and sentences can be reduced

a; Read careful the text, note any important subjects and specific word, this will to understand the text
and you can rewrite it by using your own words without changing the general meaning.

b; Look up any difficult words and find synonyms for them also this the reader to get the general
meaning of the text so as he can summarize it.

C; Rewrite sentences and simplify the sentence structure and vocabulary without changing the general
meaning of each text and hence the whole text.

d; Revise your paraphrase and compare to the original so that you can note all mistakes and analyze
where the test is written clear with your own words.

Ii) A well designed visual aids can enhance presentation?

Well designed visual aids can enhance the representation since the majority of the people we
communicate with today raised in the TV generation. According to ROBERT S. CRAIG, the US public
health service head of department, (1980) “When the knowledge was imported to a person by telling
alone, the recall three hours later was 70% also when the knowledge was imported to the person by
telling alone, the recall after three hours was 72%, but when the knowledge was imported toa person by
both telling and showing the recall after three hour was 85% and three days later was 65% also this help
hold the attention of the listeners”

iii) The principles of using text visual aids

a; Economic of language, be sure that the lettering is large so that everyone in your audience can read it
and get the general meaning that you plan to deliver to them.

b; Consider the audience, here when you use projector to display your words make sure that the
arrangement of the audience allows everyone to see well what your displayed on the board.
c; use the charts which can be placed on a table or the floor so that the listener them well when you
speak this help to hold the attention of the audience better.

iv) Principle of using color or visual aids;

a; cut the segments of the pie chart accurately usually beginning of the top and moving clockwise for
each new segment this will allow you to use the different colors in each to display some different issues
and give the general meaning to the audience without any misunderstanding.

b; consider the audience, here make sure that the color used to display some different meanings are
aware to the audience also make sure that each people can see well what you display on the board.

c; keep your visual color un simple for maximum effect this will help the audience to concentrate to
what you are talking about and that shown on the board.

d; choose the color appropriately, the color shows different meanings from one society to another so
when someone dealing with colors should also what the society, he needs to deriver the message to
them. (Inglis M, 2007)

v) Things that make the presentation by using cards to look so professional;

a; use simple cards, cards are usually useful to show the entire or complicated pieces of equipment or
comparison of data such as graphs, charts, and soon, the use can more greatly encourage the level of
understanding.

b; use the maximum level of letters or pictures when you use cards this will help the audience to see
well what your displayed and can comment and give their suggestions to what you are displayed.

c; use the equipment that permit you to avoid running back and forth to spread the cards to the
audience and this will to maintain the concertation of the audience to the main idea.

d; don’t run away from the audience and talk to them while looking directly face to face with audience
to make audience aware to the points.

QUESTION; F

i)Possible causes of conflicts in a group that related to miscommunication

Accord to Kelly (1981), “The cause of conflict is structural factors which determine the total situation”

These causes of conflicts in communication are;

a; Individual frustration and aggression, this leads to miscommunication among the society since due to
the individual effect in which one person due to his influence do not accept what others saying about
the situation discussed and leads to miscommunication.

b; The difference in value system and level of satisfaction, this leads to the group miscommunication
because some people seem to superior over others due to the level of things their have and this acts as
a barrier un communication in a group and to the community.
c; Unequal sharing of power within the community, the organizational barrier in communication process
since different people with different level of economic cannot communicate better with those with low
level of economic and this acts as a barrier and miscommunication between peoples within the society.

d; Difference between elites in the society, this crates barrier in communication in the society since elite
peoples needs to superior and manage all things in the society and this makes barrier in communication
and hence leads to the miscommunication in the society.

ii) Reasons why feedback is an essential element of successful communication;

According Brines (1981) “Before a top manager can make intelligent decision particularly those required
to investigate needed charges, he must ready access to something else which is not always so easily
acquired before can be prescribe for what is wrong, he must know what the majority of competent
people, hence feedback is the capacity of the system to regulate itself”

a; Increase both times spent in discussion and groups productivity this help the company to generate
much income and profit since each people in a company all peoples are engaged in decision making.

b; Provide group members with more accurate view of their own self image since all body are involved
in decision making and the output of that is for all and helps the company to improve its efficiency

c; Helps to set higher goals since the feedback communication helps the system to regulate itself and
hence the company grows well.

d; Increase job performance, this comes because all employees are engaged in a decision making.

iii) Peoples within an organization can decide themselves where to pass information or to keep it by
them selves this happen by looking on the type of information they need to provide and the outcome of
doing so, for example when there is a rumor about the organization it comes difficult for the members
of the society to talk about it since they need to get the truth of that information from their leaders.

iv) Reasons that can cause manager and leaders to fail to share information within an organization;

According to Heiman, (1981), “Direct leadership is an interaction process in which an individual usually
through the media of speech in fluencies the behavior of others towards a particular end”

A leader can fail to share information due to;

a; Personal influence, the attitude of the individual leader cause him to fail to share information to
others since he need to be superior at all and hence fail to share information to others.

b; Irresponsibility of the leader, as known leader is responsible to provide information about the
managerial status and making all members within the organization to be aware about what goes on the
organization, but when he fails cause the information not to spread within the organization.

c; Laziness of the leader, this happens when leader by knowing he needs to share information and
ignore by thinking that it is not part of his responsibility.

v) Reasons why a good leader should share information;

A good leader should share information since, a leader is one that connects employees so it needed
since;

a; Motivation to the employees and this helps to increase the efficiency of the work because everyone is
aware about the company and its goals.

b; It is helps in decision making, when a leader provides, information is helps to make decision that will
help to determine the future plan of the organization.

c; Helps to set the goals of the company, when sends message to the subordinates also he receives the
other message from them which helps to set the goals of the organization which can reached by all
members in the organization.

d; Helps in effective growth of the organization since there is effective communication between leader
and others within the organization.