MTA REVIEW  Vol. XXV, No. 3, Sep.

2015

DETERMINATION SAR FOR DIFFERENT TYPES

OF CELL PHONES IN LABORATORY

EDUARD GRIGORE JELER1

GEORGE MIHAI2

Abstract: This article is concerned with the result of the measurements

performed on three mobile phones in order to evaluate its compliance to
the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic
fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz), according Standard IEEC EN 50360.

Keywords: human head, electromagnetic field, SAR, mobile phones.

1. Introduction
Electromagnetic pollution defines electromagnetic radiation in the
environment as harmful elements created by human activity. The
electromagnetic pollution is brought about by any human activity which calls for
currents and voltages: in housing, industry, commerce, data transmission, radio
and TV, in transport, military activities, etc. The human senses cannot perceive
electromagnetic fields, except the window visible in which the radiation is
detected by the eye, but the fact that cannot be detected directly does not mean
that these radiations do not have deleterious influence on man.
To determine the absorption of electromagnetic field by the human body,
three types of investigation methods can be used: experimental methods,
analytical and numerical. The experimental methods are time consuming;
sometimes results are subject to hazard and do not show great flexibility in
changing parameters. The evaluation of the electromagnetic field leads to exact
solutions by using analytical methods and approximate solutions with numerical
methods. But to get accurate results these methods must be corroborated;
without the experiments cannot validate anything theoretical.
Different countries have defined safety limits for exposure to
radiofrequency energy produced for mobile devices, exposure the entire body,
the head or any part of the body to RF energy.
- United States: FCC requires that phones sold must have a level SAR
under as calculated on a volume which containing a mass of 1 g of tissue.

1
Faculty of Military Electronic and Information Systems, Military Technical Academy,
39-49 George Coşbuc Street, Sector 5, 050141, Bucharest, Romania, e-mail: gjeler@mta.ro
2
ICMET, 118A Decebal Ave., 200746, Craiova, Romania
369
370 EDUARD GRIGORE JELER, GEORGE MIHAI

- EU: CENELEC specify SAR limits in the EU, following IEC standards:
For mobile phones, and other handheld devices, the SAR limit is averaged over
10g of tissue (IEC 62209-1). For MRI, the limits (IEC 60601-2-33 described)
they are a bit more complicated for to define [1-3].
In Table 1 are presented SARs values for the different phone models from
some brands.
Table 1.
Values SAR’s for different phone models [4]

Brand Model SAR  W kg

LG Optimus 2X 0.545
HTC Nexus One 0.37
BlackBerry Torch 0.91
HTC Surround 0.439
Samsung Acclaim 0.29
Huawei Ideos X5 0.34
LG Quantum 0.35
Samsung Haven 0.41
Samsung Evergreen 0.41
Kyocera Neo E1100 0.479
Samsung Contour 0.49
HTC Imagio 0.498
Samsung Flight SGH-A797 0.505
Samsung SGH-T249 0.51
Nokia E5 0.88
HTC EVO 1.03
Apple iPhone 4 1.17
Sony Ericsson Satio (Idou) 1.56
Sony Ericsson Xperia X10 Mini Pro 1.55
ZTE Salute 1.52
LG Rumor 2 1.51
Sanyo Vero 1.49
HTC Desire 1.48
LG Chocolate Touch 1.47
Kyocera Wild Card M1000 1.46

2. Description of the Test Equipment

The dosimetric evaluation system SAR used in dosimetric lab from to
ICMET Craiova is produced by Satimo, France and is Comosar Twins model.
This system includes the following components:
- Computer for control of the entire system:
• CPU: 2.8 GHz Pentium 4 @ / Memory: 512 MB DDR SDRAM
 Determination SAR for Different Types of Cell Phones in Laboratory 371

• Software: Windows XP + MS Office + V3.2 OpenSAR

• Interface: NSI GPIB card
• Manufacturer: Dell
- Robot 6 - axes: Model: KR5 sVIIx R850; Manufacturer: Kuka
- Robot Controller: Model: KRC2sr; Manufacturer: Kuka
- Data acquisition system: Model: Digital multimeter Keithley 2000;
Manufacturer: Keithley
- The probe of Electric Field: Producer: Satimo
- Phantom: Producer: Satimo
- Fixture phone: Producer: Satimo
- Fluid’s Simulation, type “head”: Producer: Satimo
- Simulator Base Station: Model: Universal Radio Communication Tester
CMU200; Manufacturer: Rohde & Schwarz
- Power meter: Model: MA24106A; Manufacturer: Anritsu
- Vector Network Analyzer: Model: VNA Master MS2024A;
Manufacturer: Anritsu [5].

a) b) c)
Figure 1. a) Robot 6 - axis model: KR5 sVIIx R850;
b) Phantom filled with liquid simulation “head” and electric field probe;
c) Calculator for overall control system + MS Office + OpenSAR V3.2
and analyzer network VNA Master MS2024A vector model

3. Measurement Results
The weather conditions and experimental conditions for the validation of
the electrical parameters for the saline solution at the time of the SAR
measurement for the group of three mobile phones are shown in table 2, 3 and in
Table 4 the values of SAR/10 g obtained in the step of checking the parameters,
and by comparing with standard reference values are validated [5].
Table 2.
The atmospheric conditions
Parameters The impose value The measured value
Temperatures 18ºC÷25ºC 21ºC÷0.5ºC
Atmospheric pressure – 1007±4 mbar
Relative humidity 44±2%
 372 EDUARD GRIGORE JELER, GEORGE MIHAI

Table 3.
The experimental conditions
Phantom SAM
Device Dipole
The position device Validation plan
Frequency Band GSM 900
Signal CW (Continuous Wave)

Table 4.
The Average’s SAR value for dipole antenna
SAR (W/kg)
SAR 10 g 6.39129

Figure 2 shows the volume and surface distributions SAR for the validate
dipole antenna in the measurements of validate of the electrical properties of the
saline solution, and Figure 3 is represented the SAR distribution along the z axis.
Frequency (MHz) 902.400024
The relative permittivity - the real part 40.597519
the Relative permittivity - the imaginary part 19.804008
Conductivity (S/m) 0.992841
SARs SURFACE DISTRIBUTION SARs VOLUME DISTRIBUTION

Figure 2. The SARs distribution of surface and volume for dipole antenna

Z (mm) 0 4.00 9.00 14.00 19.00 24.00 29.00

SAR (W/kg) 0 1.046 0.686 0.462 0.317 0.221 0.155

Figure 3. The SARs distribution from along the z-axis for the dipole antenna
 Determination SAR for Different Types of Cell Phones in Laboratory 373

Table 5.
Experimental conditions for the measurement
of the SAR output of the mobile phone 1, 2, 3
Phantom The right side of the head
Device Mobile phone 1
1.Cheek
The device position
2.Tilt
Phantom The left side of the head
3.Cheek
The device position
4.Tilt
Device Mobile phone 2
The device position 1.Cheek
Phantom The left side of the head
Device Mobile phone 3
The device position 1.Cheek
Phantom The left side of the head
Banda GSM900

In Figures 4-7 is illustrate the surface distribution and volume to SARs for
mobile phone 1 seated in all four measurement positions respectively in Figures
10, 11 for the mobile phones 2, 3 in cheek position for the left side of the
phantom.

Mobile phones 1
Frequency (MHz) 902.400024
The relative permittivity - the real part 40.597519
The Relative permittivity - the imaginary part 19.804008
Conductivity (S/m) 0.992841
SARs SURFACE DISTRIBUTION SARs VOLUME DISTRIBUTION

Figure 4. The surface and volume distribution of SAR for mobile phone 1
in check position to the right side of the head
374 EDUARD GRIGORE JELER, GEORGE MIHAI

Figure 5. The surface and volume distribution of SAR for mobile phone 1
in tilt position to the right side of the head

Figure 6. The surface and volume distribution of SAR for mobile phone 1
in check position to the left side of the head

Figure 7. The surface and volume distribution of SAR for mobile phone 1
in tilt position to the left side of the head

Table 6 shows the average value of SAR/10 g (mW/g) for mobile phone 1
for all four measurement positions.
Table 6.
The average SAR/10 g (mW/g) for mobile phone 1 for all four measuring positions
Mobile phones 1 Position device Average SAR/10g (mW/g)
SAR/10 g The right side of the head /Cheek 0.851651
SAR/10 g The right side of the head /Tilt 0.608740
SAR/10 g The left side of the head /Cheek 0.709703
SAR/10 g The left side of the head /Tilt 0.541566
 Determination SAR for Different Types of Cell Phones in Laboratory 375

Mobile phones 2
Frequency (MHz) 902.400024
The relative permittivity - the real part 40.597519
the Relative permittivity - the imaginary part 19.804008
Conductivity (S/m) 0.992841
SARs SURFACE DISTRIBUTION SARs VOLUME DISTRIBUTION

Figure 8. The surface and volume distribution of SAR for mobile phone 2
in check position to the left side of the head
In Table 7 are presented average value of SAR/10 g (mW/g) for mobile
phone 2 in the cheek position on the right side of the head.
Table 7.
The average value of the SAR/10 g (mW/g) for mobile phone 2
in the cheek position on the right side of the head
Mobile phone 2 Position device SAR measured (mW/g)
SAR/10 g The right side of the head/Cheek 0.304886
Mobile phone 3
Frequency (MHz) 902.400024
The relative permittivity - the real part 40.597519
the Relative permittivity - the imaginary part 19.804008
Conductivity (S/m) 0.992841
SARs SURFACE DISTRIBUTION SARs VOLUME DISTRIBUTION

Figure 9. The surface and volume distribution of SAR for mobile phone 3
in check position to the left side of the head

In Table 8 are presented average value of SAR/10 g (mW/g) for mobile

phone 3 in the cheek position on the right side of the head.
376 EDUARD GRIGORE JELER, GEORGE MIHAI

Table 8.
The average value of the SAR/10 g (mW/g) for mobile phone 3
in the cheek position on the right side of the head
Mobile phone 3 Position device Average SAR/10 g (mW/g)
SAR/10 g The right side of the head/Cheek 0540523

Figures 10-13 illustrate the SAR distribution along the z-axis for all four
measurement positions of the mobile phones 1, respectively in Figures 14-15 for
mobile phones 2, 3 in cheek position for the left side of the phantom.
Z (mm) 0.00 4.00 9.00 14.00 19.00 24.00 29.00
1 0.000 1.302 0.979 0.638 0.439 0.325 0.231
2 0.000 0.996 0.629 0.419 0.291 0.202 0.135
SAR (W/kg)
3 0.000 1.093 0.794 0.553 0.403 0.286 0.204
4 0.000 0.857 0.589 0.409 0.284 0.208 0.145
Mobile phones 1

1.
Figure 10. The SARs distribution along z axis for the mobile phone 1
in cheek position on the right side on the head

2.
Figure 11. The SARs distribution along z axis for the mobile phone 1
in tilt position on the right side on the head

3.
Figure 12. The SARs distribution along z axis for the mobile phone 1
in cheek position on the left side on the head
 Determination SAR for Different Types of Cell Phones in Laboratory 377

4.
Figure 13. The SARs distribution along z axis for the mobile phone 1
in tilt position on the left side on the head

Mobile phones 2
Z (mm) 0.00 4.00 9.00 14.00 19.00 24.00 29.00
SAR (W/kg) 0.0000 0.4625 0.3349 0.2521 0.1880 0.1401 0.1030

Figure 14. The SARs distribution along z axis for the mobile phone 2
in cheek position on the left side on the head

Mobile phones 3
Z (mm) 0.00 4.00 9.00 14.00 19.00 24.00 29.00
SAR (W/kg) 0.0000 0.8684 0.6014 0.4398 0.3247 0.2451 0.1823

Figure 15. The SARs distribution along z axis for the mobile phone 3
in cheek position on the left side on the head
378 EDUARD GRIGORE JELER, GEORGE MIHAI

4. Conclusion
From the measurements made at ICMET Craiova, the following
conclusions can be drawn:
- the electrical parameters of the saline used to fill the phantom were
properly determined in accordance with measurement standards;
- from the study the values SAR obtained at the frequency of 900 MHz
for mobile phones 1 can see that cheek position value is greater than the tilt
position. This is explained by the fact that the transmitting antenna is a little
further to the phantom in tilt position;
- from the presented figures can see that the maximum SAR is in the ear
area (according to color scale - value SAR, red color represent the maximum
value and blue color represent the minimum SAR) after which one can observe a
rapid absorption of electromagnetic field in the phantom;
- SAR values/10 g for the three types of phones (SARtelefon1=0.580182 W/kg,
SARtelefon2=0.304886 W/kg, SARtelefon3=0.540523 W/kg) are approximately equal
between them. However these values are below the maximum imposed by the
rules by 2W kg maximum value.
Acknowledgment. This paper has been financially supported within
the project entitled “Horizon 2020 - Doctoral and Postdoctoral Studies:
Promoting the National Interest through Excellence, Competitiveness and
Responsibility in the Field of Romanian Fundamental and Applied Scientific
Research”, contract number POSDRU/159/1.5/S/140106. This project is co-
financed by European Social Fund through Sectorial Operational Program for
Human Resources Development 2007-2013. Investing in people!

References
[1] Council Recommendation (1999/519/EC) of 12 July 1999 on the Limitation of the
Exposure of the General Public to Electromagnetic Fields (0 Hz - 300 GHz)
[2] European Health Risk Assessment Network on Electromagnetic Fields Exposure.
Report on the Level of Exposure (Frequency, Patterns and Modulation) in
the European Union, Part 1: Radiofrequency (RF) Radiation, Feb. 2009
[3] Order no. 1193 of 29 September 2006 approving the Norms on limiting public
exposure to electromagnetic fields from 0 Hz to 300 GHz, Ministry of
Public Health, Official Gazette, No. 895, Nov. 3, 2006 (in Romanian)
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_absorption_rate
[5] E. JELER, R.M. GRIGORE – Test Report ICMET Craiova: Measurement
of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for Mobile Terminals, May 20,
2010 (in Romanian)