CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background.
Fieldwork practice (PKL) is a form of providing professional skills
education that systematically combines educational programs in schools and
mastery programs that are obtained directly through activities in the world of
work and industry to achieve certain professional skills.
Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning National Education states that, National
Education aims to educate the nation's life and develop the whole Indonesian
people, namely people who have faith and devotion to God Almighty, have
noble character, have a steady and independent personality and are responsible
for society and the nation. To realize the achievement of the national education
goal, every educational tool is obliged to improve professionalism capabilities
in accordance with the demands of the development of science and technology
to build the nation through increasing the resources of the nation's next
generation. SMK Negeri 1 Bireuen is one of the educational institutions
engaged in vocational fields that seeks to improve the quality of graduates,
among others, by collaborating with various competent parties in carrying out
education and encouraging their students to obtain competencies in accordance
with their respective expertise by requiring students to take part in fieldwork
practices in the Business world and the Industrial World. With the
implementation of the PKLini program, it is hoped that students will better
know and understand the programs carried out in educational institutions in
each vocational, as well as know and understand all the provisions and rules
that apply in the educational institution. So that later these students will
becomegraduateswho are reliable, insightful and have noble character and are
able to be absorbed by the World of Work which is increasingly competitive.
From the description above, the author really wants to make a brief report
of one of the materials that the author has received during the teaching and
learning process and when carrying out PKL, namely "Drum Brake Service".

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B. Purpose
1. General Purpose
a) Increase the faith and devotion of learners to the one true God.
b) Developing the potential of students to become citizens of the State
that is noble in law.
c) Mdevelops the potential of students to have national insight.
d) Understand and appreciate the cultural diversity of the Indonesian
nation.
e) Mdevelops the potential of students to have a life for the environment,
by actively participating in maintaining and preserving the
environment, as well as utilizing natural resources effectively and
efficiently.
2. Special Purpose:
a) Mprepares students to become productive human beings, able to work
independently, fill job vacancies that exist in the business world and
the industrial world as middle-level workers in accordance with the
competence in the expertise program they choose;
b) Mprepares students to be able to choose a career, be tenacious and
persistent in competing, adapt to the work environment and develop a
professional attitude in the field of expertise they are interested in;
c) Equipping students with science, technology and art, in order to be
able to develop themselves in the future both independently and
through higher levels of education;
d) Mequips students with competencies that are in accordance with the
chosen skill program.

3. Purpose of PKL
The objectives of vocational high school activities in accordance with
those listed in the curriculum are as follows:
a) Prepare students to be people of faith, personality and insight.

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 b) Prepare students to fill the needs of the middle workforce and be able
to develop themselves.
c) Prepare students to get to know local, national and international
cultures.
d) Prepare students with verbal and non-verbal skills to communicate
locally, nationally and internationally.

C. Benefits of FieldWork Practice

1. Benefits for Students
 Producing professional Human Resources
 Introduce students to field work, both in companies and industries.
 Increase work experience.
 Adding knowledge, especially knowledge that is not obtained in
school.
 Train students to become more disciplined and responsible before
entering the professional world of work.
2. Benefits for Schools
 Contribute and labor to the company or related industries.
 Can adjust the Education program according to the needs of the Work
Line.
 Educational Goals are achieved, as well as the credibility of the
school.
3. Benefits for the Industry
 Can get to know exactly the quality of students who practice in
companies and industries.
 Support government programs.
 Obtaining temporary labor as a company resource.
D. Time and Place of Implementation
The implementation of Field Work Practices (PKL) for the 2022-2023
Academic Year will be carried out starting from 0 October 1 - December 31,
2022 at the Alam Motor Workshop.

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 CHAPTER IIPRODUCTION / SERVICE PROCESS

A. Brief Tiori
1. Understanding the Brake System
A brake system is needed to slow down or stop the pace of the vehicle.
Drum brakes are one type of brake that is usually used in two-wheeled or
four-wheeled vehicles. The way drum brakes work in motorcycles and cars
is almost the same. Drum brakes in cars usually already use a hydraulic
brake system, because they already utilize hydraulic pressure to help apply
brake canvas pressure.
2. Brake Function
- Reduce speed (slow down) & stop the vehicle.
- Allows parking on downhill grounds.
- As a safety device & guarantee a safe rider.
3. Drum Brake Components
a. Backing Plate

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 The backing plate is one of the components of drum brakes in the
form of a metal-based brake that is quite thin and is placed on the back of
the drum brake system. Basically, this component serves as a protection
for other drum brake components.

The shape of the backing plate is a circle that has many holes and has
many protrusions. The main purpose of the large number of holes in the
backing plate is to adjust to the standard part of the drum brake.

b. Wheel Cylinder

The wheel cylinder is a component of drum brakes that are useful

for converting fluid pressure into mechanical movement. In general, there
are several types of wheel cylinders that are usually found or used in
drum brake systems.

The dual-piston type of wheel cylinder is the most popular type, because it
is widely used to accompany leading type drums and also trailing types.
The dual piston type has the best characteristics by bolting to the backing
plate.

The wheel cylinder consists of several parts such as the wheel cylinder
housing, bleeder nut, piston boot, spring and piston. If one part of the
wheel cylinder does not work properly, it will affect the overall drum
brake performance.

c. Brake Shoes & Pads

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 Brake shoes & linings are also components that are often found in
a drum brake. Brake shoe or brake shoe is a place that is usually used to
place brake pads on the drum brake system. Meanwhile, the place to
place the brake pads on the disc brake components is the brake pad.

Brake shoes usually have a circle-like shape consisting of 2 shoes with a

semicircular shape. This component is placed on one part of the drum
brake, but the brake shoe will not intersect or be directly related to the
drum.

Brake pads are components that are placed directly on the top of the
surface of the brake shoe. The material for making brake pads is organic
ceramics that can be changed or replaced when the condition of the brake
pads is thin or poor.

d. Return Spring

Return spring is a no less important component of drum brakes,

because this component serves to restore the position of the brake shoe to
the position that was originally before the pressure from the brake lever
or pedal. In the drum brake working system, the return spring consists of
2, namely uper spring and lower spring.

Uper spring is a spring or spring whose position is on the upper side or

precisely under the cylinder wheel. The main function of the uper spring
is to restore the position of the brake shoe to its original position.

Lower Spring is a spring or spring located on the adjuster side and its
function is very different from the uper spring. Lower spring serves to
maintain the position of 2 drum brake shoes, so that they can press on the
adjuster.

e. Brake Shoe Holder

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 In a car drum braking system, of course the brake shoes will be
placed or stored attached to the backing plate. Brake shoe holders have
dynamic properties or are easy to move. In that way, the holder
mechanism used can support drum brakes properly.

The brake shoe holder also consists of various parts that are included in
the series of pins that have a spring or spring lock and also a pressing
plate. The three components when put together will be an important part
attached to the backing plate.

f. Brake Shoe Adjuster

Brake shoe adjuster is one of the drum brake components located

at the bottom of the drum brake and the shape of this component
resembles a screw in the adjuster. The brake shoe adjuster is a fairly
important component in drum brakes.

The brake shoe adjuster serves to adjust the gap that appears between the
drum brake pad and the drum surface when there is movement from the
brake pedal, be it the pressing motion or the pulling of the brake lever.

g. Parking Brake Lever

Parking brake lever is one of the drum brake components that can
only be found in cars, because it will not be used in motorcycles. With
the parking brake lever, the drum brake construction will look more
complicated. In the brake lever parking working system, of course there
are 2 levers that will be found, namely the park brake lever and the brake
shoe link.

Park brake lever is made with one end of the arm having a hinge that will
be connected to the brake shoe on the upper side and at the end it will be

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 connected to the brake cable. While the brake shoe link will connect the
park brake lever with the other brake shoe.

h. Drum or Drum Brake

Drum brake or brake drum is a component that has a very

important role in the drum brake work system. This component is made of
cast steel, so the texture is very hard and the shape resembles a drum or
tube.

The drum brake has the main function, namely as a friction medium with
the brake pads for the purpose that the wheel rotation will stop on the
road. This component is also directly connected to the wheel bolt, so the
drum will rotate following the wheel bolt.

i. Parking Brake Cable

Parking brake cable is a drum brake component in the form of a

steel cable that is commonly used to pull the drum brake system. The type
of cable used is not much different from other types of steel cables. The
main function of the parking brake cable is to connect the movement of the
parking brake lever with the parking brake lever which is positioned in the
drum brake system.

B. Tools and Materials

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1. Tool
 Wheel lock
 Jack
 Jack stand
 Wrench 10-11.
 Wrench 12-13
 Screwdriver min (-)
 Pliers
 Plastic Hammer
2. Material
 Car Unit with drum brakes
 Container
 Cleaning fluid
 Sand Paper
 Fat
 Soap

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C. WORKING DRAWINGS

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D. WORKMANSHIP PROCESS
1. Demolition
2. Vehicle jacks and supports
3. Release the parking brake
lever
4. Remove the wheel
5. Remove the brake drum (1)
with bolts 8 mm (2) (2 pcs).
6. Release the brake drum with
reference to "Rear Brake
Drum Removal and
Installation"
7. Push and rotate the retaining
pin down (1) 90° and release
the retaining pin down (1) and
the retaining spring down (2)
8. Remove the reversing springs,
brake shoes and adjusters.
9. Unplug the parking brake
shoe lever (1) from the
parking brake cable (2).
10. Remove the thrust nut (1)
11. Remove the parking
brake shoe lever (2) from the
rim of the shoe (3).

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 12. Loosen the brake pipe
flare nut (1) but do not let the
fluid leak
13. Remove wheel cylinder
mounting bolts (3). Unplug
the brake pipe from the wheel
cylinder and attach the
pressing plug cover (2) to the
pipe to prevent fluid spillage.
14. Remove the parking
brake cable (1) from the brake
backplate
15. Remove the brake
backplate.

2. Inspection and Repair

a. Brake drum checker
1. Check the brake drum for
wear. If the inner diameter of the
drum exceeds the limit or the
wear is uneven or excessively
graded, replace the drum
Inner diameter of standard "a"
rear brake drum: 220 mm (8.66
in.) Border: 222 mm (8.74 in.)
2. The cracked drum is not safe for
further use and must be replaced.
Do not try to weld a cracked drum.
Smooth out light strokes. Heavy or
deep scratches will result in

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 excessive wear of the brake layer
and may require resurfacing the
braking surface of the drum. If the
brake layer is slightly worn out
and the drum is grooved, the drum
should be smoothed with a fine
ambrile cloth with a direction into
the drum but not in a rotating
direction along the inside of the
drum
b. Brake Shoe Inspection
1. Measure the thickness of the
brake shoes (1). In addition, check
the surface of the coating for
excessive pavement, wear and
grease impurities.
2. Standard "a" rear brake shoe
layer thickness: 4.0 mm (0.157 in.)
Border: 1.0 mm (0.04 in.)
c. Wheel Cylinder Inspection
1. Check whether the wheel
cylinder is subject to wear, cracks,
corrosion or damage, and check
for fluid leaks.
2. Check if the boot is broken,
cracked and damaged. If damage
is found, replace the wheel
cylinders.

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3. Brake Mounting
1. Install the brake backplate (1) and
rear wheel hub
2. Attach the parking brake cable (1)
to the brake backplate.
3. Tightening moment Parking cable
cover nut (a): 11 N·m (1.1 kgf-m,
8.0 lbf-ft)
4. Install the wheel cylinder and
connect the brake pipe flare nut, then
tighten the wheel cylinder bolt and
flare nut according to the specified
rotating moment
5. Install brake shoes
6. Install the brake drum
7. Fill the reservoir with brake fluid and
spout the brake system
8. After completing all the work, start
the engine and then press the brake
pedal with a load of about 300 N (30
kg, 66 lbs) at least 3 times until the
clicking sound of the adjusting
actuator from the drum brake cannot
be heard in order to get the correct
drum-to-shoe gap
9. Install the rear wheels

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 10. Check to make sure that the brake
drum is free from dragging and that
good braking is obtained. Perform a
brake test (foot brake and parking
brake).

E. Results Achieved
After carrying out the work of the Drum Brake Service, the author can find
out the names of the components and functions of the components on the
drum brakes and can make repairs in accordance with the SOP ( Standard
Operational Procedure) so that they can determine how the condition of the
drum brake components is still usable or has been damaged so that repair
actions can be carried out appropriately.

F. Cost Calculation
The costs required in carrying out drum brake service are:
No Types of Goods/Services Price
1 Service Fee Rp. 100.000,-
2 Brake pads Rp. 200.000,-
3 Brake fluid Rp. 60.000,-
4 Rental of premises and tools Rp. 15.000,-
Sum IDR 375.000,-

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 CHAPTER III
FINDINGS
A. DELIVERABILITY
Basically, during the pre-employment in the 2022/202 school year 3 in the
Alam Motor workshop, the author did not encounter any significant obstacles,
both in terms of science and in terms of implementation techniques in the field.
However, there is a slight problem that is not fundamental in nature, namely
the limited facilities of practical facilities and infrastructure in schools so that
when the first pre-employment in DU / DI experienced a little obstacle,
especially in the work of the Drum Brake Service, but it can be resolved
because when the author carries out the practice in the workshop it has
complete facilities, equipment, has employees who are experts in the
automotive field, and the existence of good interaction between fellow
employees so that high morale arises.

B. PERCEIVED BENEFITS
After carrying out field practice activities in the field of drum brake service
work, the author can feel various benefits, including:
1. Understand the functions, components and workings of drum brakes
2. Able to perform drum brake repairs in accordance with Standard
Operating Procedures.
3. There is confidence in making decisions and actions when carrying out
drum brake service.

C. DEVELOPMENT AND FOLLOW-UP

The author really hopes that the school so that this fieldwork practice activity
can be improved so that it provides more opportunities for students to be able
to feel how conditions really are in the world of work or in the real field
world, so that when they graduate later students will not have difficulty
adapting when they have entered the real business / field world. And to follow
up on the knowledge and skills that the author has gained when carrying out

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fieldwork practice activities, especially in the field of Drum Brake Service ,
the author will try to learn and try to be able to also check other system
components.

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 CHAPTER IV
COVER
A. Conclusion
The implementation of the PKL set for every student at SMK Negeri 1
Bireuen is one of the supporting steps in applying science, especially in the
field of engineering. The application in question is to increase knowledge and
skills in terms of practice that has been obtained through education in schools
during the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the author can draw
conclusions, including:
1. PKL is one of the mandatory programs that must be implemented by all
Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Indonesia.
2. In particular, PKL aims to implement and directly apply science and to
measure the extent of students' mastery of material that has been obtained
through education for three years of study at SMK Negeri 1 Bireuen.
3. PKL is one of the requirements to be able to continue education in schools.

B. SUGGESTION
In the implementation of this fieldwork practice activity, the author strongly
recommends that:
1. For students who will carry out fieldwork practice activities can really take
advantage of the time so that they will get a lot of direct and real work
experience.
2. The school should fulfill all the completeness of practical support in the
workshop so that when students carry out fieldwork practice activities
students have adequate knowledge and skills as needed in the field world.

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