Ap Geography em

+91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N.
Kalyana Chakravarthy
Andhra Pradesh Geography
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Geography of Andhra Pradesh
kalyannuguri@gmail.com www.OnlineIAS.com 1
+91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N. Kalyana Chakravarthy
Contents
Sl. No TOPIC PAGE #

1 Formation of Andhra Pradesh 3
2 Physiography 8
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3 Climate 14
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4 Soils 16
5 Forests S. 17
6 Wildlife Conservation 22
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7 Rivers 24
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8 Irrigation 30
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9 Agriculture 36
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10 Industries 42
11 Mineral Resources 52
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12 Power 54
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13 Transport 59
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14 Tourism 70
15 Population 72
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Geographic, Demographic and Socio Economic profile of Andhra Pradesh With a geographical
area of 1,62,970 sq km, Andhra Pradesh ranks as the 8th largest State in the country. Situed in
a tropical region, the state has the 2nd longest coastline in the country with a length of 974 km.
As per the forest records, the state ranks 9th in India having forest cover area of 36909.38 Sq.
Kms which accounts to 23.04% of the total geographical area.
Andhra Pradesh is the tenth largest state in the Country, in terms of population. As per 2011
Census, the State accounts for 4.10% of the total population of the country. The decadal growth
of population rose from 18.88% during 1961-71 to 21.13% during 1981-91. Subsequently a
significant decline was observed in the re of growth of population and decline is even more
prominent 9.21% during 2001-11, lower than the All-India’s growth re of 17.70 percent.
• Bounded by Chhtisgarh and Orissa in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the east, Tamil Nadu and
Karnataka in the south and Maharashtra in the west.
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• Indian Standard Meridian of India which is 82°30′ East longitude passes through Uttar
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chtisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
Formation of Andhra Pradesh

• Andhra state was formed on Oct 1st, 1953 with Kurnool as capital by unifying the Telugu
districts th were separed from unified Madras state, as a result of fast-unto-deh by Sri Potti
Sriramulu
• Due to state recognition under linguistic grounds, Telangana region of Hyderabad state was
merged with Andhra region and formed Andhra Pradesh on Nov 1st, 1956
• AP was the 1st state in India th was formed under linguistic grounds
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• Ler in 1960 due to Paskar Commission’s decision large part of Tiruttani Taluka of Chittor
district was given to Tamil Nadu and some villages of Tiruvallur Taluka of Tamil Nadu were
added to Andhra Pradesh
• Telangana became 29th state of India with Hyderabad as its capitl on June 2,2014
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• Andhra Pradesh is composed of two regions: Coastal Andhra, located along the Bay of Bengal,
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and Rayalaseema, in the inland southWestern part of the state.

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• These two regions comprise 13 districts, with 9 in Coastal Andhra and 4 in Rayalaseema.
• There were only 20 districts when AP was formed (Nov 1st, 1956). Ler Praksham district on
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Feb 2, 1970, Rangareddy district on Aug 12, 1978 and Vizayanagaram district on June 1, 1979
were formed . Total : 23 districts (before bifurcion of AP)
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Key points:
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• Andhra Pradesh is 'Sunrise' state on the lines of Kerala to tract the industry and investments
into various fields.
• Capital – Amaravhi (The People’s Capital)
• Amaravhi foundion ceremony – Oct 22nd, 2015 Uddandarayunipalem village in Guntur
district
• Total area of the Andhra Pradesh capital region has been increased to 8352.69 sq.km from the
existing 7068.20 sq. km.
• Capital City Area – 375 sq.km
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Area:
• the time of Formation - 160,205 km2
• Andhra Pradesh is the 8th largest state in the country in terms of geographical area with
162,760 sq km (after merging 7 mandals of Khammam District in AP)
As per Andhra Pradesh Reorganizion Act-2014, 7 polavararri flooding Mandals (327

villages) of Khammam district from Telangana State were transfered to residual Andhrapradesh
state on 17th July, 2014.
4 Mandals out of these 7 were merged in the district of East godavari of Residual Andhra
Pradesh. i.e.,
1. Chinthanur
2. Kunavaram
3. Vara Rama Chandra Puram
4. Bhadrachalam (Partially Merged)
The other 3 Mandals which merged in the district of West Godavari were
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1. Velerupadu
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2. Kukunoor
3. Burgampadu (Partially Merged)
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• Coastal Andhra – 95.47 thousand sq.km

• Rayalaseema – 67.29 thousand sq.km
• Andhra Pradesh shares 4.96 % of Indian territory
• Largest district – Ananthpur 19,130 sq.km
Area – 4.96%
• Smallest district –
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Population (2011 Census)

• AP Population – 4,95,77,103
• Male – 248 lakhs
• Female – 247 lakhs
• 4.10% of total population in India
• Rank – 10th (in terms of population)
• Growth in Population (2001-2011) – 9.21%
Density of Population
• AP – 304 persons per sq.km
• India – 368 persons per sq.km
Forests
The state ranks 9th in India having forest cover area of 36909.38 Sq. Kms which accounts to
23.04% of the total geographical area.
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 Andhra Pradesh State - Symbols
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 Animal - Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)
 Tree – Neem
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Flower – wer lilies
Fruit – mango
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 Bird – Indian Roller
 Emblem – Purnakumbham
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 Aquic animal – Dolphin

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 Sport – kabaddi
 Dance – Kuchipudi
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 Language – Telugu
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➢ Telugu Language Day (Telugu Bhasha Dinotsavam or "day of the Telugu tongue") is celebred
on 29 August each year in Andhra Pradesh, India.
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➢ This de was chosen to coincide with the birthday of the Telugu poet Gidugu Venka
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Ramamurthy.
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Shankarambadi Sundarachari gave the state anthem (1975) “ Maa Telugu Talliki, Malleypu
Danda”
Akashavani Bhavan V
Coastal Andhra
• 9 districts
• Srikakulam – Vizayanagaram – East Godavari – West Godavari – Krishna – Guntur – Prakasam
– Nellore
• Area – 95,470 sq.km
• Contributes major portion in terms of food production and commercial crops
• Rice Bowl of AP - East Godavari

• Agriculturally well developed region
• Highest concentrion of population
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Rayalaseema
• 4 districts • Chittoor – Cuddapah – Kurnool – Anantpur
• Area – 67,291 sq.km • Density of population - very less due to droughts and famines
Coast Lines
• Total coast line – 974 km
• Longest coast line –
• Shortest coast line –
Borders of Districts
Name of the District Borders

Srikakulam
(shares border with Only 1 district) Vizayanagaram
Vizayanagaram (2 districts) Srikakulam and Vishakhapatnam
Vishakhapatnam (2 districts) Vizayanagaram and East Godavari
East Godavari (2 districts) West Godavari and Krishna
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Krishna (2 districts) West Godavari and Guntur
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Guntur (2 districts) Prakasam and Krishna
SPS Nellore (3 districts) Prakasam, Cuddapah and Chittoor
Chittoor(3 districts)
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Cuddapah, Anantapur and Nellore
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Anantapur (3 districts) Kurnool, Cuddapah and Chittoor
Kadapa (5 districts) Prakasam-Nellore-Chittoor-Kurnool-Anantapur
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Kurnool (3 districts) Cuddapah, Anantapur and Prakasam

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Physiography
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Physiography tells about the land systems formed in those rocks and the surface formed due to
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the internally, and externally caused forces. Th means, physiography is th which tells about the
lands surface form present time. Andhra Pradesh, consists of the various land sys-tem
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constructions, from the very ancient Dharwar system to very recent pleistocene system.
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Andhra Pradesh can be divided into three natural regions, they are pleau, hilly region and
plains.
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1. Western Pleau
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2. Hilly region
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3. Coastal Plains
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Coastal Plains
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• Stretches from Eastatern Ghats to Bay of Bengal

• Covers 9 districts • Extends from Srikakulam to Nellore District
• Geographical locion of plains extends from Srikakulam and Southern Pulicat lake the height
of 150m against the sea level
• Most of the plains are very fertile - formed by Krishna and Godavari
• Coastal plains are narrow in the Northern and Southern Districts to a width of 60 km
• Some of the Eastatern Ghats in the form of sea nacks penetred into sea where it extends over
a length of about 950 kms from Mahendragiri in the north to Pulicat lake in the south
• Kolleru lake spreads in an area of 250 sq.km over Krishna and West Godavari Dts
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• Godavari delta is known as “Konaseema”
• Width of central delta is 150 kms
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• Vishakhapatnam land slides - Yarada hills on the sea coast apread over Vishakhapatnam is
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giving natural protection to Vishakhapatnam port (located in the Nothern Coastal Plain) -
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This place is also known as Dolphin Nose
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• Penna river formed a small delta area in Nellore Dist Southern Coastal Pla
a length of about 250 kms
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• Pulicat lake (salt wer lake )is formed the merging point of Penna river into sea
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Eastatern Eastern:
• Locion - between Western side of coastal plain and Eastern side of Deccan Pleau
• Eastern Ghats in the North are called “Eastern Ranges”
• Eastern Ghats in the South are called “Kadapa Ranges”
• Eastern Ghats are maximum height in Chintapalli (Paderu)
• Eastern Ghats extended over a breadth of 60-70 km in the North with a height of 1200 m
• Mostly composed of Charnockites and Khondalite rocks
• The lowest height hills are merging with Dolphin nose Vishakhapatnam
• Height of Dolphin Nose – 335 m
• Papikonda ranges spread over Godavari districts - Avg height of these ranges – 915 m
Highest Peaks in Eastern Ghats
✓ Jindhagada - 1690 m @ Araku (Vishakhapatnam dist)
✓ Aroma - 1680 m @ Chintapalli (Vishakhapatnam dist)
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✓ Mahendragiri - 1501 m @ Ganjam, Odisha
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Eastern Ghats Their names in various places
1. Kurnool: Nallamala Kondalu
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2. Ananthapuram: Mallappa Kondalu,Madaka sira Kondalu, Penukondalu
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3. Kadapa: Seshachalam, Palakondalu
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Seshachalam, Avalapalli, Kondalu, Horseli

4. Chittoor:
hills, (Enugu Ellamma Kondalu)
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Nagarjuna Kondalu, :Vinukonda, Mangalagiri kondalu,

Bellampalli Konadalu, Ganikondalu, Kondaviti Konda '
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5. Guntur:
6. Krishna: Kondapalli Kondalu, Mogalraja-puram Kondalu
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7. Nellore: Erramala, Velikondalu

8. Both Godavari districts: Papikondalu, Dhuma kondalu
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Balakondalu, Simhagiri, Kondalu, Dolphin nose

9. Vishakhapatnam: Konda, Pavurala Konda, Bavi Konda, Thotla
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Konda
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Western Pleau
It is a volcanic / lava pleau formed around 300 million years ago. The elevion of the pleau ranges
from 150 m to 600 in above the MSL .It can be divided into Rayalaseema pleau - Kurnool, some
parts of Ananthapur and Mysore pleau - Chittor, Kadapa and some parts of Ananthapur.
These plateaus are composed of a variety of rock deposits like Granite, Gneiss, Dharwar,
Kadapa and Kurnool rock systems. These rocks are rich in important minerals like gold,
diamond, mica, asbestos, iron, barites etc.
Archean is the oldest igneous rock system whereas Dharwar is the oldest sedimentary
rock system in Andhra Pradesh.
Kadapa rocks are. mainly found in Bellary, Kadapa, Kurnool and Ananthapur districts.
Kurnool rocks, a sub group of Kadapa rocks mainly present in Kurnool.
Rajhamundry rocks formed due to Sea erosion. The rocks are found in Rajhamundry,
Tadepalligudem, Jagarlamudi, Nuzuvidu, Tuni, Sangam, Kavali etc. These rocks are known for
Petroleum and Natural gas deposits.
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Rock Systems
Archean Rock System
• Most ancient rock system • No fossils zone
• 2/3 rd of these rocks is occupied by “Gneiss”
• Iron – manganese – copper – lead – gold
Dharwar Rock System
• Transformed rock forms of ancient residual rocks
• Occupied by Gneiss and schists
• Crude Iron
• Extended upto Vizayanagaram, Vishakhapatnam, East Godavari Dt
Kadapa Rock System
• Ancient residual rocks • Quartz – sandstone – limestone – non fossil marble
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• Extended in Cuddapah and Kurnool Dt
• Iron – manganese – copper – cobalt – nickel – asbestos –barytes – stateite
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Kurnool rock system
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• Metallic minerals are not found • Sandstone – limestone – shale
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• Ornamental stones and raw material for the production of glass
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Deccan Trap
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• Formed in the last period of mesozoic age known as cretestius time by expulsion of lava
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through the fissures of earth’s crust

• Basalt rocks • Extended over Prakasam and Guntur
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✓ Plesitocene soil system is extended from Srikakulam to Nellore - All coastal districts
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Climate
✓ Climate of AP - tropical rainy and tropical stateppe
✓ AP - tropical zone between tropic of cancer and equator
• Highest avg temperature – 31.5 Deg Celsius

• Summer temperature in Rentachintala – 46 Deg Celsius
• Lowest avg temperature – 18 Deg Celsius Madanapalli
• North-East monsoon in AP - June to September
Monsoons in AP
 Summer Season - March to Mid June

 South West monsoon - Mid June to September
 Retreating South West monsoon - Oct, Nov, Dec
 Winter Season - Jan, Feb
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• SW monsoon – 2/3rd rainfall : SWM – starts in 2nd week of June
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• Rayalaseema receives more rainfall from NE monsoon
• AP - More rainfall in the month of July S.
– 152 cm
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• Tropical cyclones occur in Bay of bengal b/n 8-14 Degree North latitudes - in the last week of
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October
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• Least temperature - lambasingi

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• October is said to be the transitional period b/n rainy season and winter
• Retrieving SW Monsoon - heavy rains in Nellore – southern coastal districts
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Summer
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The highest temperatures are experienced in the months of March, April, and May. During this
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season, the sun rays fall vertically and cause more he in Andhra Pradesh. The average high-
est temperature is 31.5°C whereas the average least . temperature is 18°C in the State. During
summer the temperature is highest in Rentachintala. Kadapa, Kurnool, Vijayawada.
Rentachintala in Guntur district is, recognised as the area in which highest temperature is
record ed in Summer. Chittoor and Ananthapur districts th are close to Karnataka "pleau are
cool in summer compared to other districts of Andhra Pradesh. Likewise Vishakhapatnam,
Machilipatnam, Nellore and . Kakinada cities th are close to sea coast experience moderate
temperature.
There is climatic difference but the coastal areas th are in the east of Eastern Ghats of
Rayalaseema experience high temperature in the day and is cooler in the' nights. There is a high
difference between day and night temperatures. The weather becomes cooler in coastal areas
during 3 to 4 in the evening because of sea waves. Due to this there is no huge difference in day
and night temperature. In the months of May, June Andhra Pradesh experiences he waves
highly. However, sometimes due to Mango showers with thunders and lightening, rain fall of 10
c.m. occurs. The rains of thus period helps very much to mango gardens. In the state, highest
temperature is recorded in the month of May.
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Rainfall: Rainfall received during the South West Monsoon period for 2015-16 was 523 mm as
against the normal rainfall of 556mm, recording a deficit by 5.9% The rainfall received during.
the North East monsoon period for 2015-16 was 287mm as against the normal rainfall of
296mm, recording a deficit of 3.0% The State Annual average normal rainfall for the state is
815.5mm (deficit-6.3%).
Rainy Season
The rainy season is June to September months in the State. In Andhra Pradesh; in an area of
more than 60 percent, the rain falls less than 90 centimetres. Difference and uncertainty is
prevalent in rainfall. Rainfall increases from South west towards north east. Rainfall also
increases from south towards north,, north west.State's annual average rainfall is 966m.m.
State's 2/3 rainfall occurs due to south west monsoons.. Rayalaseema receives more
rainfall from north east monsoon. When we examine as per regions, 67 cm in Rayalaseema, 100
cm Coastal Andhra rains are recorded. In Coastal Andhra, high rainfall occurs in the month of
July. Rains fall in October in Chittoor, in November in Nellore and- in Guntur. In the State heavy
rainfall occurs in Seeleru and Shabari valleys. (From 140 cm to 152 cm). The lowest rainfall
occurs in Hagari river valleys. (less than 51 cm.)
Winter
During this time, due to the South=west monsoons retreat from South east and absorbs
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humidity in the midway, some rains happens here and there in Andhra Pradesh. However, in
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October month, the temperature rise suddenly from 3° to 4°C. Moreover, the most ferocious trop-
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ical cyclones occurring in Bay of Bengal between 8°-14° north latitudes causes sudden rains in
Andhra coastal area besides in Odisha and Tamil Nadu coasts. Every year, in the last weeks of
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October month, these cyclones occur mostly. In the State, the least temperature is recorded in
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December. During this time the least temperature is recorded Lambasingi (-2°C) in
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Vishakhapatnam district.
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South-West monsoon season

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The rainy season is June to September months in the State. . South-west monsoon starts
in the second week of June in Andhra Pradesh and spreads all over the State by end of the
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month. Tropical cyclones depressions th form some times in the north middle of Bay of Bengal
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causes rain in the sea coast area particularly in Northern coastal districts.
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Retreing Southwest Monsoon Season
October month is said to be the transitional period like a bridge between rainy season and
winter. Temperature gradually decreases in November and December. Retreing South west
causes heavy rains in southern coastal districts particularly in Nellore region. The depressions
th occur in October-November period to the south and south east of Bay of Bengal travel towards
north and north west, cross the sea coast and cause heavy loss by forming storms. Rains th
occur because of these depressions rain the first crops.
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Soils
• AP land belongs to ancient earth Formation with gracitoidnice rock Formation
Alluvial Soils (Delta Area)
• Krishna – Godavari –Penna – Vamsadhara • Fertile land
• Alluvial soil @ Godavari – Limestone + Potash
• Alluvial soils - Rice and Sugarcane – high yield crops
Black Soils (Cotton)
Deep black soils Adoni & Aluru - Kurnool Unclassified black soils W.G, Krishna, Guntur,
Mid-kurnool, NW Cudapah, Thadipri division of Anantpur
• Other crops – Maize – Bajra – tobacco – turmeric – chillies
Red Soils
• Less fertile • Nitrogen and phosphorous is less
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• Barren lands - Ex: Rayalaseema
• Red gram – green gram – horse gram – groundnut – castor
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Laterite Soils (Red Chalk soils)
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• heap and high areas - Syavedu, Puttur (Chittoor dt)
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• near to coastal areas
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East Godavari - Ellavaram and Peddapuram

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Nellore - Kavali, Kovvuru,Guduru, Sullurpet

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Srikakulam and Vishakhapatnam Sea coast areas

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• Laterite soils (less fertile)- Nitrogen is found in large quantity

• Occupy very less area in AP • Tamarind – cashew – mango
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Forests
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Andhra Pradesh State is bestowed with two mighty river systems of Krishna and Godavari. The
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State has wide and varied vegetation types enriched by a variety of flora and fauna. Andhra
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Pradesh located strategically in the central region of the Indian sub-continent, has
representatives of the magnificent Indian plant and animal life. Its varied topography ranging
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from the hills of Eastern Ghats and Nallamalas to the shores of Bay of Bengal supports varied
ecotypes, which in turn support a rich diversity of flora & fauna.
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Packed with abundance of rich flora and fauna life, the forests in Andhra Pradesh make for
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highly rejuvening getaways. Tourists often head to the forests near Andhra Pradesh to experience
jungle safaris. The famed wildlife in Andhra Pradesh is mainly scattered across these forests.
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While the benefits from dense forests are numerous, the tangible benefits like Timber, Bamboo,
Fuel wood, Fodder, Non-Timber Forest Products etc., are quantifiable. Intangible benefits like
maintenance of ecological balance, conservation of soil and moisture, regulating the wer flow,
sequestatering carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere etc., are not quantified but are of gre
significance.
Forest cover has been recognized as critical for a living environment as it influences the quality
and quantity of air and water. The role of forests as carbon sinks endows them added recognition
as an important environmental factor. With the responsibility of management of forests vested
with the State Forest administration, the Central interventions are directed essentially towards
reinforcing the capacity of States to undertake the National Policy mandates towards
conservation and sustainable use of resources. The core objective of forest sector development
strategy is to enhance green cover by integrating it with livelihood opportunities.
As per goals and directives set in the National Forest Policy 1988, the 1993 and the revised 2002
State Forest Policy, Vision 2020 of Andhra Pradesh, the forest department implements various
development schemes to protect and develop existing forests, to improve its productivity and
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economic value. The main objectives of programmes like Community Forest Management (CFM),
Centrally Sponsored National Afforestation Programme (NAP) through Forest Development
Agencies, RIDF Projects, Soil & Moisture Conservation, Social Forestry, Wildlife Development and
Human Resource Development are enriching existing low density forests and alleviating rural
poverty.
Monitoring of vegetation (Forest) Canopy Cover Density, Forest Fire Risk Zonation Mapping,
mapping all forest areas with site suitability, Kolleru lake restoration, re-locating & demarcating
forest boundaries and Inventory of forest resources are some of the major and important
activities taken up by the department using lest in Formation technology.
• Biggest forest - Nallamala forests
Highest and lowest in terms of percent in forest area
• Highest – Vishakhapatnam dt
• Lowest – Krishna dt
Highest area Kadapa dt (5052.90 sq.km)
Least area Krishna dt (644.52 sq km)
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Forests As per the forest records, the state ranks 9th in India having forest cover area of
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36909.38 Sq. Kms which amounts to 23.04%.
 Out of 36909.38 Sq. Kms of forest area,
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the Very Dense Forest is 649.79 Sq. Kms
the Modere Dense Forest is 11792.18 Sq. Kms,
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 Open Forest is 10931.01 Sq. Kms
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 Scrub Forest is 9455.24. Kms

 Non-Forest is 3708.08 Sq. Kms and
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 Wer Bodies is 373.08 Sq. Kms.

 The State has 13 wildlife Sanctuaries and 3 National Parks covering an area on 8139.89
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SqKms which is 22.53% of the State’s Forest area and 4.448% of the State’s Geographical
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area.
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Geographical Extent
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In Andhra Pradesh, forests are occupy mountanious areas to a large extent. Forests are
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combined. to sehaschalam hills, Palakonda and Nallamala hills from. Trirupthi in the south to
simhachalam in the North, and Balaghat hills to the west. Andhra Pradesh consists mainly
Monsoon forests. Besides these dry forests with throns and shrubs, and sea coast forests also
there in Andhra Pradesh.
NORTH - SIMHACHALAM Hills
SOUTH -Palakonda and Nallamala Hills
WEST - Balagh Hills
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Types of Forests
Forests were divided as follows for’ administration convenience.
 Reserve Forests.
 Preserved Forests.
 Other Forest Areas.
Andhra Pradesh consists of all types of forests th are there in-India except the tropical rainy
forests, th grow in excessive rainy area of Assam and south and west coasts of India.
Forests of Andhra Pradesh are of 5 types.
1. Moist Deciduous forests
2. Dry Deciduous forests
3. Forests with short thron trees
4. Sea coast forests
5. Tidal forests
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Moist Deciduous forests
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• Receives maximum rainfall - 125 cm to 200 cm
• Forests in AP - Deciduous forests
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• Geographical extent - Srikakulam , Vishakhapatnam, Agency areas of East Godavari Dt
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Dry Deciduous forests

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• Avg rainfall - 75 cm to 100 cm

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• Geographical extent - Kadapa and Kurnool

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Forests with short thorn trees

• Rainfall - less than 70 cm
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• Geographical extent - Kadapa, Kurnool, Chittoor, Ananthapur

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Tidal forests
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• Mangrove trees grow in this area
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• In AP, tidal forests are also called as Koringa forests • Located faces of Krishna and Godavari
rivers
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Social forests
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• Taken up on large scale in 6th five year plan
Forest Revenue
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Forest products in the state include Red sander, Timber, Bamboo, Firewood & Charcoal etc. The
income accrued from forestry sector in the State was Rs.18.92 crore in 201718 (upto Nov, 2017).
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Production
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There is no supply of raw material from the Forest department to all the three major wood based
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industries in the state. Forests are looked as “Green Capital” and are no more valued as raw
material resources for the industries. Industrial requirements are met from other sources like
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imported pulp, agricultural wastage and plantations raised by farmer with buy-back
arrangements.
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Forest Development Authority

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22 Forest Development Agencies (FDA) have been sanctioned by Government of India for
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implementing Centrally Sponsored schemes with a funding pattern of 60:40 between Centre and
state. Various plantations activities, SMC works, awareness camps for capacity building are
being done by FDAs through the Vana Samrakshna Samithies.
Centrally Sponsored Schemes like National Afforestation Programme (NAP), National Mission for
a Green India (GIM) & National Medicinal Plantation Board (NMPB) schemes are being
implemented through FDAs.
A P Disastater Recovery Project (APDRP)
This is the world bank externally aided project with the objective to restore and improve rural
connectivity, public services and livelihood opportunities in targeted communities of Andhra
Pradesh specifi cally the four heavily impacted Districts i.e., Srikakulam, Vizaianagaram,
Vishakhapatnam & East Godavari Districts. The project is having the 7 components viz.,
Underground cabling, Roads and Cyclone shelters, Restoration of Beach front, Ecorestoration
and support to livelihoods, Tech. Assistance and capacity building for Disastater Rescue
Management, Incremental operating cost; and Contingency emergency response.
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Out of the above said 7 components, component of “Ecorestoration and support to livelihoods” is
for restoration of environmental services & facilities and livelihood support which is being
implemented by Andhra Pradesh Forest Dept (APFD) with an Out lay of Rs.120 crore
The scheme “Restoration of environmental services and facilities and livelihood support” has two
sub components - 1) Redevelopment of Indira Gandhi Zoological Park: and Restoration and
redevelopment of Kambalakonda EcoTourism Par and 2) Livelihood support
The Targets for 5 years and achievements (4 Districts viz., Srikakulam, Vizayanagaram,
Vishakhapatnam and Kakinada having 10 implementing Divisions) are as follows:
Raising nurseries 573.00 lakh plants
Raising shelterbelt plantions 823.00 ha.
Raising Palmyrah brakes 415.00 km
Restoration of Mangroves 70.00 ha
Infrastructure development 4 central nurseries, 33 field nurseries
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Social Forestry
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The State Government has launched a massive people’s movement involving public and farmers
in a big way to increase tree cover outside reserve forests to improve environment and to provide
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gainful employment to thousands of unemployed youth. Public distribution of seedlings, raising
community land plantations / avenue/ shelterbelt plantations ; and raising of institutional
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plantations have been done under Social Forestry programme.
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Vanamahostavam-Vanam-Manam
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The Government has launched “Vanam-Manam” on 01.07.2017 with Vana-mahostavam in

Kondaveedu Forest Block Obulanaidu Palem village of Guntur District. The tentative target of
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planting for 2017-18 under VanamManam is 25 crore by all stakeholders.

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The Vanam-Manam programme has two components viz. “Vanamahotsava”, a tree plantation
programme and “Prakruthi Pilusthondi”, a programme for creing awareness and ensuring
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participation of various stakeholders. The Vanam–Manam Campaign has started on the 1st
Surday of July, 2017 and it is continued for 127 days.
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Prakruti Pilustondi “Prakruti Pilustondi”

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awareness programme was held from 01.07.2017 to 04.11.2017 in 19 Surdays with 13,717
events (like green runs, cycle rallies, trekking, visits to natural forest areas, debates, group
discussions, elocutions, seminars, essay writing, quiz competitions on nure and environment
etc.) were organised and 10.29 lakh students / public participated and 107.88 lakh seedlings
were planted.
Karthika Vanamahostavam
The Government have organized a week-long celebration of “Karhika Vanasamahotsavam”. This
auspicious programme started as State function “Karthika Vanasamaraadhana” on Karthika
Purnima day i.e., 04- 11-2017 and it is continued up to 11-11-2017. As part of “Karhika
Vanasamahotsavam” 954 events were organized, 1.29 lakh students / public participated and
1.66 lakh no.of saplings planted
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Wildlife Conservation
As of now the State has 13 wildlife Sanctuaries and 3 National Parks covering an area on
8139.89 SqKms which is 22.53% of the State’s Forest area and 4.448% of the State’s
Geographical area.
In the state of Andhra Pradesh the important Wildlife Habits are declared as Sanctuaries and
National Parks to ensure higher degree of protection and management of the flora and fauna in
the wildlife habits. Special management status is afforded to important protected areas like Tiger
Reserve, Elephant Reserve. Critically endangered wildlife habits of species like Jerdon’s Courser,
Gre Indian Bustard and wet lands,
In-Situ Conservation:
This involves conserving the wildlife in their natural habit by giving proper protection and
managing the habit to meet the requirements of the wild animal species found naturally in the
area. Areas which are potentially suitable for this type of conservation were identified and
notified as Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks.
Ex-Situ Conservation:
Wildlife management involves conservation of wildlife outside its natural habit in places like in
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Zoo Park, Deer Park and Rescue Centers. The purpose of this type of conservation is to breed the
wild animals in such areas to build up their population. The population so built-up is trans-
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located back to the natural habit and released for improving densities in the areas. Apart from
conservation breeding, ex-situ conservation is also helpful in educion, research and recreation.
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Wild animal sanctuaries
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• Total – 16
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• Area – 74,10,088 sq km
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• Included 3 National Parks

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✓ Tiger reserve – Nagarjunasagar, Srisailam Tiger Reserve
✓ Elephant reserve – Koundinya sanctuary and Royal elephant reserve

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✓ Biosphere reserve – Seshachalam
✓ 2 Zoological parks - Indira Gandhi Z.P (Vizag) and Sri Venkeswara Z.P (Thirupathi)
✓ 1st ex-situ Biodiversity Park of AP - Dolphin Conservation Society Vishakhapatnam
Deer Parks
• Kandaleru D.P - Nellore Dt • Chittoor reserve forest D.P • Kotappakonda - Guntur Dt
Eco-Tourism:
A.P. Forest Development Corporation Ltd. has developed Rajeev Eco Park Idupulapaya of YSR
Kadapa district. It is proposed to promote Eco Tourism in Muthayapalem, Ananthagiri ,
Minimuluru and Maredumilli areas by establishing nure Educion camps and other amenities.
Other Activities: The Corporation has diversified its activities with several schemes such as
providing consultancy services in afforestation to the industries such as NTPC, HPCL etc., and
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Etikoppaka Employment Generion: The Corporation is providing employment to the tribals and
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Srilanka repries almost round the year. In the other areas the employment is provided to the
land less and poor during regeneration and harvesting activities.
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About 9 lakh man-days of employment (3.00 Lakh man days in raising and maintainace of
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plantations 3.50 Lakh man days in Coffee plantations and 2.50 lakh man days on harvesting of
plantations ) per annum are provided to the poor, tribals and Sri Lanka repries.
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Rivers
Important rivers of AP
 Godavari
 Krishna
 Tungabhadra
 Penna
 Vamsadhara
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Godavari
• Biggest of all rivers with flow in AP • Other names - Dakshin Ganga, Old Ganga , Indian
Rhine
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• Originates Triyambakeswar
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• Length – 1465 km
• Divided into 7 smaller branches in East and West Godavari Dts
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1) Gowthami - merges into Bay of Bengal @ Yanam
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2) Vashista - merges into BoB @ Antarvedi
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3) Vineya - @ Komarigiripnam
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4) Tulya @ Bendamoorlanka
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5) Bharadwaja @ Bendamoorlanka
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6) Koushika 7) hreya
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• Imp Tributaries – Manjeera | Pranahita | Indravhi | Kinnerasani | Sabari | Seeleru

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• Godavari flows a breadth of 2.7 kms Rajahmundry

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• Sir Arthur Cotton built a dam Godavari @ Dhawaleswaram in 1852
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Krishna
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• Originates Mahabaleswar @ Western Ghats in Maharashtra
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• Merges with Tungabhadra Sangam in Kurnool Dt - flows through Kurnool, Guntur and
Krishna Dts and merges in Bay of Bengal Hamsaladeevi
• Length of krishna river – 1400 kms
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• Length of Krishna river in Telangana and AP – 720 km
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• Most imp tributary of krishna – Tungabhadra

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• Nagarjuna Sagar was built on the river Krishna near Nandikonda

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• Srisailam hydroelectric power stion was built on Krishna

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• Krishna splits into 2 branches Puligada, 64 kms lower to Vijayawada and merges into Bay of
Bengal
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• Between the 2 branches of Krishna “Diviseema” is located

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Tungabhadra
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• Biggest and most imp tributary of Krishna

• Originates in Varaha mountains of Western Ghats
• Merges into Krishna river Sangameswaram in Kurnool Dt
• Biggest tributary of Tungabhadra – Hagari • Length – 531 km
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Penna
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• Other name – Pinakini, Penneru • Originates Nandidurga Hills
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• Enters into AP in Anantapur Dt
• Merges into Bay of Bengal Vutukuru in Nellore Dt
• Penna - chief source of wer in Rayalseema Dts
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• Somasila dam was built on Penna near Nellore
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• Forms a gorge @ Gandikota in Kadapa dt

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Vamsadhara
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• Originates in Jayapur hills @ Odisha

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• Enters AP Phapnam of Srikakulam Dt

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• Vamsadhara is the biggest of the rivers born in Eastern Ghats • Merges into Bay of Bengal
Kalingapnam
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• Imp tributary – Mahendranaya

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Nagavali
• Other name – Langulya • Originates in Rayagarh hills @ Odisha
• Enters AP in Srikakulam Dt
• Merges into Bay of Bengal Mopasu bandar
• Imp tributary – Janjavhi - Asia’s 1st Rubber dam was built on this river
Machkhand
• Originates in the Madugula hills Vishakapnam dist
• First flows in the Northern direction and later turns towards the east and enters into Odisha
• Duduma waterfalls is located on this river
• Other name – Matsya Kundala
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Gundlakamma
• Originates in the Nallamala forests in Kurnool Dt
• Merges into sea Devarampadu village
Arani
• Also known as Araniyar • Length – 108 km
• Rises Sadasivakonda in the Narayanavanam Protected Forest @ Chittoor Dt
• Flows initially in south direction and ler in east direction to join Southwest tip of Pulicat lake in
Minjur block, Thiruvallur Dt and then into Bay of Bengal
Champavhi
• Originates near Andra village
• Joins Bay of Bengal near Konada
• 4 tributaries - Eduvampula Gedda, Chitti Gedda, Pothula gedda and Gadi Gedda
• Denkada check dam was constructed near Saripalli, Vizayanagaram Dt
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• Tarakarama Thirtha Sagaram and Kumili dam were constructed
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Cheyyeru
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• Tributary of Penna • Formed by the confluence of Bahuda and Pancha rive
Rayavaram to form Cheyyeru and joins Penna @ Gundlamada in Kadapa Dt
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• Balarajupalle Gorge • Cheyyeru series of rocks in Kadapa rock system
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• Projects constructed on Cheyyeru - Cheyyeru project + Annamaya Dam; Togurpet Project

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Chitravthi
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• Tributary of Penna • Puttaparthi is located on the banks of Chitravthi

• Originates Chikkaballapur
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• Joins Penna Gandikota in Kadapa dt

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Gosthani
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• East flowing river in AP • Originates in Anantagiri hills of Eastern Ghats into Bay of Bengal
• Flows for 120 km before joining Bay of Bengal through an estuary near Bheemuniptnam
• Much of the basin is covered by Khondalite group of Gneissic rocks
• 3% of total area of Vishakhapatnam Dt is under Gostani basin
Kundu
• Tributary of Penna • Originates in Uppalapadu @ Kurnool Dt
• Merges with Penna @ Adinimmayapalli
• Known for frequent floods - Kundu : “Sorrow of Nandyal”
• In ancient times Kundu river is known as “Kumudvhi” • Valley of Kundu is known as “Renadu”
Papagni
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• Tributary of Penna • Originates in Nandi Hills of Chikaballapur Dt

• Joins Penna near Kamalapuram
Sabari
• Main tributary of Godavari
• Originates in Sinkaram hill ranges @ Odisha
• Also known as Kolab river
• Sileru river - major tributary of Sabari
Sileru
• Tributary of Sabari • Originates in AP and also flows through Odisha before merging with
Sabari
• Sileru (known as Machkand in its upper reaches) joins Sabari tri-junction point boundary of
AP, Chtisgarh and Odisha
Swarnamukhi
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• Holy Hindu temples of Tirumala and Srikalahasthi are located in Swarnamukhi basin
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• It was mentioned as “Mogaleru” in the works of Dhurji
• Kalyani dam was constructed on its tributary “Kalyani” river
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Tammileru
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• Forms boundary between Krishna and West Godavari Dt • Drains into Kolleru lake
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• Tammileru dam was constructed

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Vedavhi
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• Rises from Western Ghats • Flows through Karnataka and AP

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• Vedavhi is also called as “Hagari” in some parts of AP

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• Veda and Avhi arise in the Eastern part of Sahyadri Hill range, flows east and joins near Pura
to form Vedavhi
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• Vani Vilasa Sagar reservoir was constructed - also known as “Marikanive” – 1st dam built by
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• Suvarnamukhi confluences with Vedavhi and Koodlahalli - considered as “Punyabhumi” •

Bhairivani Tippa reservoir was built
• Vedavhi is a tributary of Tungabhadra and joins Tungabhadra near Siruguppa
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Irrigation:
• Krishna water allocion - 512.040 TMC
• Projects – 4
✓ Telugu Ganga Project
✓ Handri Niva Srujala sravanthi
✓ Galeru Nagari Srujala Sravanthi
✓ Veligonda
Above projects are based on the surplus water as per Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal and are
in advanced stage of completion.
Important Irrigation Projects
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Existing utilization under Godavari is to the extent of 308.703 TMC
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Priority projects
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 Pattiseema Lift Irrigation scheme

 Thotapalli Barrage project
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 Handri Neeva Sujala Sravanthi project

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 Galeru Nagari Sujala Sravanthi Phase - 1

 BRR Vamsadhara Project (Stage II- Phase II)

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Poola Subbaiah Veligonda Project

 Gundlakamma Reservoir
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Minor Irrigation:
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• 40,817 tanks serving an ayacut of 25.60 lakh acres
• 35,376 tanks transferred from Panchay Raj department with an ayacut of 8.01 lakh acres) are
under Minor Irrigation
• 5th Minor Irrigation Census 2013-14: 10.54 lakh minor Irrigation sources
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Groundwater:
• Divided into 748 watersheds S.
• Purpose: estimation of groundwater resources
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• Net groundwater Irrigation potential creed during 2015-16: 11.93 lakh hectares
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• Well population – 15.09 lakh (borewells)

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• Gross area irrigated under groundwater for the year 2015-16 : 16.43 lakh hectares
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• 1254 Piezometers are functioning for real time monitoring of the ground water levels
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• Coastal Andhra region recorded a net rise of 0.22 metres

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• Rayalaseema region recorded a net fall of 3.94 metres

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• Neeru-Chettu Mission is a sub-mission of Primary Sector Mission

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• Important aspects of the mission - Water Conservation and Water management

• State is planning to become drought proof and several stregies are being put in place including
real time monitoring of water levels by Piezometers.
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Agriculture
Agriculture
The strengths of fundamentals of the economy is evident from the remarkable transition to a
high growth ph, which was achieved in the recent past. Sustainable growth in Agriculture sector
is the “need of the hour” not only for the State of Andhra Pradesh but also for the Country as a
whole.
The role played by the agriculture sector in the economy of Andhra Pradesh, remains crucial,
despite its volatility centering round unpredictable weather conditions, huge farm expenditure
and non-profitability continues to be the mainstay for millions of population in the state.
The Government has charted clear vision to increase the farm productivity as part of achieving
Sustainable Development Goals 2030.
Land Utilization
The percent share of the different segments of land use of the total geographical area of the state:
162.97 lakh hectares is as follows:
 A marginal decline of 0.47 lk ha. in area took place in case of Paddy crop during 2017-18.
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 Expansion of Area under Paddy and Major millets during 2017-18 lead to an increase of
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5.65% in the production of Food grains.
Innovate interventions: Improved income levels of farmers
✓ Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs)

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✓ Soil health cards
✓ Testing of soil samples
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✓ Reducing Micro nutrient deficiency

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✓ Guidance from knowledge partners like ICRIS

Horticulture:
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Andhra Pradesh maintain its supremacy in the production of Oilpalm, Papaya, Citrus and
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Chillies, Mango and Toatmo. Micro Irrigation through drip and sprinkler mechanisms have
proved effective both in terms of cost and output.
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The government is implementing strataegies to make Rayalaseema as a Horticulture hub.

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Wide range of agro-climatic conditions of Andhra Pradesh are conducive for growing a large
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variety of Horticultural crops, including, root and tuber crops, ornamental crops, plantation
crops like coconut, cashew and cocoa etc
GVA from Horticulture Sector during 201617 was Rs.34013 crores (constant price) with a growth
re of 17.00% over 2015-16.
During the year 2016-17 the area under Horticulture crops is 15.92 lakhs acres with a
production of 268.57 lakh MTs.
Andhra Pradesh stands 1stposition in productivity for Chillies, Cocoa, Lime, Oil Palm, Papaya
and Tomo, 2nd postion in Cashew, Mango and Sweet Orange in India.
A.P. Ranks 1st in area and production of fruits and spices and 2nd in Micro Irrigation area
coverage.
Andhra Pradesh stands 4th position in coconut cultivation with an area of 261430 acres and
production of 209144 no. of nuts in lakhs
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Animal Husbandry
Animals provide nutrient rich food products, draught power, dung as organic manure and
domestic fuel Hides and skin and are a regular source of cash income for rural households.
Livestock have been an integral component of India’s agricultural and rural economy since times
immemorial, supplying energy for crop production in terms of draught power and organic
manure, and in turn deriving their own energy requirements from crop by products and
residues.
The State Government identified Livestock Sector as the most promising sector and Milk, Me and
Egg are the key Growth Engines.
Status of Livestock Sector during 2016-17.
The State stands 2nd in Egg production (1582.74 Crores – next to TN 1668.82 Cr),
4th in Me production (6.32 Lakh Metric Tons – next to UP:13.46, Maharashtra:8.45,
WB:7.05 Lakh MTs)
5th in Milk production (121.77 Lakh Metric Tons – next to UP:275.51, Rajasthan:193.57,
MP:134.45, Gujar:127.84 Lakh MTs)
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Andhra Pradesh takes pride in the country in having famous and world renowned Livestock
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breeds like Ongole and Punganur in cattle, Godavari Buffaloes, Nellore in sheep and Aseel in
poultry.
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The state govt is providing fodder to livestock the doorstateps of the farmers below poverty line
(BPL) with 50% subsidy ensuring fodder security under Kutumba Vikasam
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The contribution of livestock sector to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of the State is
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Rs. 76974 Crores Current Prices, which is 10.46% of the GSDP

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Andhra Pradesh Dairy Development Cooperative Federation (APDDCF) is supplying Vijaya Vajra+
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UHT Milk (enriched with vitamin A & D) of 38 lakh liters per month to more than 25000 AWCs
across 257 Projects covering 13 districts of Andhra Pradesh.
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Sericulture
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Andhra Pradesh stands second in the country in silk production next only to Karnataka. Unlike
coastal districts sericulture is predominant in Rayalaseema districts. The State has also got
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strong industrial base besides traditional Silk handloom pockets like Dharmavaram,
Peddapuram, Uppada, Venkagiri etc.
The Govt. is also concentring on strengthening of marketing system duly providing incentives on
production of Bivoltine and CB cocoons to the farmers.
Leaf to cloth approach for development of Bivoltine Silk production in East Godavari,
Ananthapuramu and Chittoor districts are showing good results
Fisheries
‘Fisheries’ sector is becoming a subsector of Primary sector with consistatently increasing
contribution to the state economy.
AP ranks 1st in total fish and shrimp production and contributes more than 70% of cultured
shrimp produced in the country. AP is the largest shrimp exporter in the country.
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The Fisheries sector contributes 7.74% to the GVA as per advance estimates of 2017-18.
✓ AP ranks 3rd in Global shrimp production (0.3 million tons)
✓ Fisheries sector is supporting employment to 14.5 lakh persons
✓ Initied plans to make Andhra Pradesh the ‘Aqua Hub’ of the World
✓ About 1.40 million people are directly or indirectly employed
✓ A.P. Fisheries Policy, 2015 envisages 42 lakh tonnes of fish production with GVA of Rs.80,000
crore by 2019-20.
This became possible because of the large scale involvement of farmers who were driven by
robust market especially in Kolkata and North-Eastern states took up intensive pisciculture in
the delta areas of the state. The state aims to be the Aqua Hub of the World.
 District with highest net cultivation- Guntur

 District with lowest net cultivation- Visakahapnam
 District with highest gross cultivation- West Godavari
 District with lowest gross cultivation- Anantapur
 Highest area of cultivation- West Godavari
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 Lowest area of cultivation-Kadapa
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Blue Revolution: Integrated Development and Management of Fisheries” is a scheme in which all the
sectors of fisheries – inland, marine, welfare, postharvest fisheries etc., are covered. GOI assistance is 24%
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to general and 36% to SC/ ST beneficiaries of the unit / project cost. GoI sanctioned Rs.18.00 crores during
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2017-18 to the State.
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AGRICULTURAL ZONES IN AP
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L Krishna-Godavari regional agricultural zone:

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West and East Godavari, Krishna and Guntur regions come under this zone. It's regional.
agricultural research centre is in Lam, Guntur.
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2. North West regional agricultural zone :

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Vijayanagaram, Srikakulam and Visakha pnam regions comes under this Regional agricultural
research centre of this area is located in Anakapalle.
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3. Southern agricultural zone: Nellore,

Chittoor, Kadapa, Prakasam and South Eastern Anantapuram districts comes under this
zone. It's regional agricultural centre is located in Tirupathi.
4. Low rainfall zone: Kurnool, Anantapur,
Western Prakasam and North Western Kadapa regions come. under this zone. Its regional agri-
cultural research centre is located in Nandyala.
5. Western and tribal zone: Vijayanagaram,
visakapnam and East Godavari regions comes under this zone. It's regional agricultural research
centre is located in Chintapalle
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Crops – District Wise Rankings
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Paddy
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✓ Rice Bowl of AP – East Godavari ✓ West Godavari replaced it - 1st place in Production and
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Area of production ✓ 1st place in productivity – Nellore ✓ In Andhra, Kharif crop is planted b/n
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June and October - Crop comes in Nov and Dec ✓ Rabi crop is planted b/n Nov and Jan - Crop
comes in Mar-Apr
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Jowar
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✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Kurnool ✓ 1st place in Productivity – Guntur

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Sajja
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✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Prakasam ✓ 1st place in Productivity – Nellore

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Ragi
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Vishakhapatnam ✓ 1st place in Productivity – Anantapur
Corn
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Guntur ✓ 1st place in Productivity – Guntur
Millets
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Kurnool ✓ 1st place in Productivity – Kurnool
Redgram

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Bengalgram
Blackgram
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Krishna ✓ 1st place in Productivity – Kurnool
Tobacco
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Prakasam ✓ 1st place in Productivity – Prakasam
Cotton
Sugarcane
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Vishakhapatnam
Red Chilli
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✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Kurnool ✓ 1st place in Productivity – Kurnool
Turmeric S.
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Groundnut
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✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Anantapur ✓ 1st place in Productivity – Anantapur

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Coconut
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✓ 1st place in Area of Production – E.G ✓ 1st place in Productivity – E.G
Sesame
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✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Vizayanagaram ✓ 1st place in Productivity – Kurnool ✓ 1st
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place in production – Kadapa

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Sunflower
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Kadapa ✓ 1st place in Productivity – Kurnool
Mango
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Chittoor ✓ 1st place in Production – Krishna
Grapes
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Anantapur ✓ 1st place in Production – Anantapur
Banana
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – E.G ✓ 1st place in Production – Kadapa
Cashew
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – E.G ✓ 1st place in Production – E.G

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Guava
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Krishna
Sapota
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Prakasam
Papaya
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Kadapa
Lemon
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Nellore
Soyabeans
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Guntur ✓ 1st place in Production – Guntur
Poto
✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Chittoor ✓ 1st place in Production – Chittoor
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Cabbage
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✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Srikakulam
Ladiesfinger S.
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✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Kurnool
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Brinjal
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✓ 1st place in Area of Production – E.G.

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Leafy vegetables
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✓ 1st place in Area of Production – Guntur
Peas
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✓ 1st place in Area of Production – W.G.

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Research Laborories
✓ Cotton Research Laborory - Nandyala ✓ Sugarcane Research Laborory - Anakapalli ✓ Chilli

Research Laborory - Lam ✓ Onion Research Laborory - Erraguntla ✓ Oil technology research
centre - Anantapur
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Industries
State government established a number of organizations like APIDC, APIIC and APSFC and also
by providing economic helps in the form of loans and etc. But growth in industrial sector lagged
behind and natural resources of the state were not used properly. Andhra Pradesh has fertile
lands, forest reserves, perennial rivers and mineral and marine resources. The minerals available
in the State include- Coal, limestone, asbestos, barites, ceramic clay, wax, quartz, dolomite and
others. Industrial areas were developed in and around 5 cities in the A.P. They are
Vishakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Tirupathi, Kadapa and Rajahmundry.
Division of Industries
Industries are divided into four categories depending upon the availability of necessary raw
material like minerals, metals, agri/forest products and others. They are-
1. Major industries
2. Medium industries
3. Small industries
4. Cottage industries.
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1. Major Industries: Industries with a core capital of Rs.100 crores and more in manufacturing
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sector and with a core capital of Rs. 40 crores and more in services sector- are called as. major
industries. These are usually established in the public sector mostly.
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2. Medium scale Industries: Industries, with a core capital of Rs. 5-10 crores in manufacturing
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sector or with a core capital of Rs.2-5 crores in services sector are called as Medium scale
industries. These are mostly established in the private sector.
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3. Small scale Industries: Industries with a capital of not more than Rs.5 crores in
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manufacturing sector and not more than Rs.2 crores in service sector are called as small scale
industries. Almost all of these are established in private sector only.
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4. Cottage Industries: Industries run with nominal capital, either partially or completely owned
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by a family (or family members) are called as cottage industries.

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In Andhra Pradesh, Guntur district has the maximum number of industries, while Srikakulam
district has minimum number of industries.
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Agriculture based industries

A large number of industries in A.P. are agriculture based. They include- textile industry, sugar
industry, jute industry, tobacco industry, oil industry, food processing and other industries. As
agriculture sector is very prominent in the State, crops of food grains and commercial crops are
being 'cultivated in a huge scale. Commercial crops play a key role in the agri based industries in
A.P. After the establishment of A.P. Agro industrial development corporation limited the end of
the decade of 1960, efforts were made to equalize the development of agri reled industries and
the agriculture sector in the State.
Industrial development of the State gained momentum with the growth of agri-based industries.
Almost one third of the State's industries are agri-based.
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Textile industry
Coastal districts, particularly Guntur and Prakasam cultivated cotton crop a huge scale.
Cotton crop of the long seed type is being cultivated in A.P. as a second crop in irrigated and
delta areas. one stage, due to a large scale increase in the production of cotton in the State,
prices fell down drastically.
The first cotton mill in present A.P. was established Pandalapaka village of East Godavari
district between 1915-18. It was closed ler. Another mill was established Rayadurgam of
Anantapur district in 1921
Important textile industries established in A.P. are
1. Rayalaseema Mill Limited- Ramnagar (Kurnool) 1950
2. Andhra Co-operative Spinning mills Limited- Guntakal (Ananthapur dt.) 1954
3. Adoni Cotton mill, Adoni (Kurnool) 1949
4. Emmiganur Spinning mills Ltd. (Kurnool dt.) 1965
5. Madanapalle Spinning mills Ltd.- Madanapalle.(Chittoor dt.) 1966
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6. Andhra Cotton mills Ltd.- Proddutur, (Kadapa dt.) 1966
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7. Chittoor Textiles Ltd.- Bangarupalem- 1968
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8. Ananthapur Cotton mills Ltd.- Erranaguntapalli (Ananthapur dt.) 1978.
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9. Kadapa Spinning mills Ltd.- Sansupalli (Kadapa dt.) 1983
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10. Adoni Spinning Weaving Company Ltd. Adoni (Kurnool) 1956

11. Jyotbi Prakash spinning mills- Tada. (Nellore) 1982
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12. Vijaya spinning mills 'ltd- Vijayawada (Krishna) 1967

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13. Abirarn cotton mills- Sullurupeta (Nellore) 1973

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14. Chirala cooperative spinning mills- Chirala (Prakasam) 1963

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15. Sarvaraya Textiles Ltd.- Kakinada (East Godawari) 1957

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16. Sri Akkamamba Textiles mills- Tanuku (West Godavari) 1956

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Apart from the above, Tirupathi cotton Mills (Renigunta), Sri Venkachalaphy Mills
(Tirupathi), Gomi Spinners (Bangarupalem) were also established. It is interesting to note th
many of the above cotton mills were located in the Rayalaseema region. As black soil, which is
prevalent in Rayalaseema districts, is suitable for cotton cultivation, cotton is produced
abundantly there and hence many of the mills are located there.
Sugar Industry
Sugar cane is mostly cultivated in the high yielding delta lands of Godavari, Krishna and
Vishakhapatnam districts. The first sugar factory in A.P. was established Etikoppaka of
Vishakhapatnam district in 1933. Ler Andhra Sugar factory was established in 1952 in Tanuku
(West Godavari dt.) under the private sector. A number of sugar "factories were established later
mainly in Srikakulam, East Godavari, Krishna and Guntur districts. Apart from sugar, the
Andhra sugar factory (Tanuku) produces a number of chemicals (some of them are being used as
rocket fuels) like- super phospher, chlorine, sulphuric acid, Acetic acid, industrial alcohol,
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caustic soda, alnu, aspirin, ethyle acete, chlorosulphuric acid and etc. Other sugar factories in
A.P. include-
1. Deccan sugars- Samarlakota
2. Sarvaraya sugars Ltd.-. Chelluru
3. KCP limited- Uyyuru
4. Kirlampudi sugars- Pitthapuram,
5. Jayapur Mills- Chagallu. -
Sugar factories established under the Co-operative sector are concentred near
1. Kovvuru 2. Anakapalle 3. Chittoor 4. Nandyala 5. Kadapa (Daulapur) 6. Etikoppaka
7. Amudalavalasa 8. Payak.arao peta (Tandava Co-operative sugars).
Jute Industry
Jute industry in A.P.- is mainly spread over Srikakulam, Vijayanagaram, East Godavari,
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Vishakhapatnam, Guntur' and West Godavari districts. There are a total of 8 jute Mills located in
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A.P., out of which 4 units are situed in Vijayanagaram district only. Visakha, Srikakulam,
Guntur and West Godavari districts have one unit each. The four units in Vijayanagaram district
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are- Nellimarla jute mill- Nellimarla, one in Bobbili and two more in Vijayanagaram.
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Tobacco industry
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India occupies second place in tobacco production in the world. Andhra Pradesh is in the first
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position among Indian States in its cultivation. A.P. is also-known as 'India's Havana', as it
produces best tobacco. Virginia, one of the if nest varities of tobacco, is cultivated in Guntur
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district, which is famous all over the world. Prakasam, West and East Godavari, Kurnool and
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Guntur districts are famous for tobaccocultivationin the State. The Indian leaf tobacco Limited
(ILTD- a unit of ITC), Navabhar tobacco'Limited and Bommidala brothers tobacco Limited are the
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three most important tobacco export companies of the state. All of them are located in Guntur. A
cigarette factory is also located Bikkavolu of East Godavari district.
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Forest based industries

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Forest based industries are also important in A.P. They include- Paper industry, Plywood: Saw
mills and etc. Raw material required for this industry are- bamboo, coal, water and electricity
These industries are mostly located, in East Godavari, Kurnool districts.
Paper Industries in A.P.
The first paper Mill in the State was established in 1924 Rajahmundry.• It's name was
Karnataka paper Mills. In 1929, the name was changed into Andhra paper Mills.
The Rayala-seema paper Mills was established Adoni (Kurnool dt.) in 1979 by the TGV group
under Co-operative sector. The Bhadrachalam paper Mills Ltd. was established Sarapaka village
near Bhadrachalam in 1982 by the ITC group.
Paper industries located in A. P. include-
1. Andhra paper Mills- Rajahmundry
2.. Rayalaseema paper Mills- Gondiparla (Adoni, Kurnool dt.)
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3. Kolleru papers- Bommaluru (Krishna dt.)

4. Suryachandra papers Mills- Maredubaka.(E.G. dt.)
5. Pennar paper Mills- Kadapa
6. Vamsadhara paper Mills- Mandapam (Srikakulam dt.)
7. Delta paper Mills- Vendra (W.G. dt.)
8. Siricol paper Mills- Nellore
9. Coastal papers- Madhavarayudu palem (E.G dt.)
Straw boards industry
A number of straw boards factories are also located in A.P. Some of them are
1. A.P. Straw Boards Mills Ltd., Bhimavaram
2. Veeravenka Syanarayana Straw Boards Limited- E.G. dt.
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Plywood industry
A special polished wood called plywood is available abundantly in the market now a days. This
wood is produced in plywood factories. One such factory is located in the State
Rampachodavaram (E.G dt.), namely- Godavari plywood Limited.
Hundreds of saw Mills are located all over A.P. The State government and forest department are
jointly running saw mills Rajahmuridry
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MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES

Cement Industry.
The first cement factory of A.P. was established in 1939. Now, A.P. is a surplus State in cement
production. As reserves of limestone, which is critical for cement production, are abundant in
the State, cement factories were established all over; Most of them are located in Kadapa,
Kurnool and Guntur districts.
Cement factories in A.P. include-
1. L & T cements- Tadipri.(Ananthapur)
2. Penna cements- Tadipri (Ananthapur)
3. Coramandel cements- Chilamkur (Kadapa)
4. Texmaco cements Ltd. - Erraguntla (Kadapa)
5. Panyam cements- Kurnool
6. Andhra cements- Vijayawada (1940)
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7. Associated cement company- Tadepalli (Krishna) - 1939
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8. KCP cements- Macharla .(Guntur)- 1958
9. suvarna cements- Kurnool
10. Ramco cements- Vijayawada (Krishna)
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11.. Cement Corporation of India- Erraguntla (Kadapa)
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Ship building industry

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The only ship building centre of India was established in Vishakhapatnam. Construction of this.
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unit started in 1946, and the first ship produced here, called Jala usha, had entered the sea
waters ceremoniously in 1948 (inaugurated by Nehru). This ship building unit is very huge and
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was managed by the Sindhia stateam navigion company in the beginning. Later, the Government
of India had taken over and changed it into the Hindustan Shipyard. Facilities are provided in
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the ports around this unit to produce ships that are as long as 150-170 metres and that can
carry weight of more than 25,000 tonnes. War ships, Cargoliners, Submarines and other types
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are being constructed here.

The Visakha Steel factory
Construction of the Visakha Steel factory was started in' 1971 and was finished and dediced to
the Nion on 1St August, 1992. It is the only steel factory located the sea coast in the country and
also the first fully co-ordinated steel factory in Southern India. Commercial construction
material like steel rounds, squares, angles, T -bars, channel billets, wire roads, universal beams
and others are produced in this factory. A number of steel products, which are in high demand
all over the world, are, being produced and exported from this factory. The A.P. State government
supported the construction of this factory in every way, by providing basic necessities like land,
water, electricity and others.
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Fertiliser Industry
Several chemical fertiliser factories were established in A.P. since the 1960s. As some of the raw
material necessary for this industry are available in the State. These were established and the
industry flourished.
Fertilizer factories in A.P.
1. Coramandel fertilisers: This was established near Vishakhapatnam in 1967. Urea, Ammonia
phosphe and other NPK fertilisers are being produced here. Nafta from the oil refinery
Vishakhapatnam is being used here in the production of fertilisers.
2.. Andhra Fertilisers: It was established Tadepalli of Guntur district.
3. Andhra sugars and fertilisers: This factory was established Tanuku in West Godavari district
in 1961.
4. Godavari fertilisers: This factory. Was established in 1987 Kakinada as a joint venture by
Godavari fertilizers and chemicals and Indian farmers fertilisers and cooperative company. This
factory uses the natural gas produced in the oil fields of Krishna-Godavari basin.
5. Krishna Industrial Corporation: This was established in 1964 Nidhadavolu of West Godavari
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district.
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6. Nagarjuna fertilisers: This factory was established Kakinada of East Godavari district, as a
joint venture of APIDC and Nagarjuna group.
Silk Industry / Seri culture
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Silk industry is a cottage industry dependent upon the agricultural sector. As this industry
needs lower investments and yields higher profits mostly small scale and marginal farmers take
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upon harvesting of silk.

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There are two stages in making silk.

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1.cultivation of mulberry trees and silk worms and

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2.Pealing of silk of others.

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industrial sector. Silk industry in A.P. was inaugured in Ananthapur district. Places like.
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Hindupur, Penukonda, Kadiri, Gorantla and others in the district have become centres of silk
industry. Many more acres in the State were brought under thecultivation of mulberry gardens
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and to produce high quality, high yielding silk worm cocoons and for the general development of
silk production. This industry is spread over Ananthapur and Chittoor districts mostly, but is
also present in Visakha, Srikakulam, Kurnool, East Godavari and West Godavari districts of the
State.
Cottage industries and their centres in AP
1. Handloom industry- Guntur, Venkagiri, Madhavaram.
2. Kalainkari items- Machilipatnam
3. Laces- Palakollu and Narsapuram.
4. Coconut fibre goods- Konaseema (E.G dt.)
5. Bangles and beads- Papanagudupeta, Gajulapalli, Srikalahasti and Simhachalam.
6. Musical instruments- Pitthapuram, Bobbili, Parvipuram and Jaggayyapeta.
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7. Ivory goods- Vishakhapatnam.

8. Lac goods and dools- Etikoppaka and Vishakhapatnam.
9. Brass Items and dolls- Srikalahasti.
10. Clay bangles and beads - Ananthapur and Chittoor
11. Silk industry- Ananthapur and Chittoor.
12. Carpets- Eluru and West Godavari.
13. Jari sarees- Venkagiri and Nellore.
14. Agarbhis- Eluru and Vetapalem.
* Dharmavaram handloom silk material have gotten the Geographical Indicion
(Identificion) in June 2014.
Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
An SEZ is a, specially delineed duty-free enclave that supports and provides special benifits to
export oriented businesses. the added advantages of world-class support infrastructure, onsite
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customs clearance, state-of-the art warehousing facilities, and a choice of near-by ports with
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worldwide connections. The benefits of SEZs a glance:
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15-year graded Income Tax Holiday
Self-Certification
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 Exemption from Central Sales 'Tax
 Exemption from Service Tax
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 Single Window Clearance

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 Warehouses/ICD
 Offshore banking units
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Aqua Industry
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Andhra Pradesh has a large number of opportunities for the development of aqua industry with a
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974, km long sea coast and big rivers like Godavari, Krishna and others and also many lakes
and other water sources. The- concept of 'Blue revolution' is being implemented in this sector (As
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green revolution in agri sector and white revolution in dairy industry). Fish and Prawns are being
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cultivated in hundreds of acres around the Kolleru Lake. cultivation of prawns has reached to its
peak in A.P. Brackish water regions are ideal for thecultivation of prawns and such regions are
abundant.in A.P. This industry provides employment to a large number of people and the same
time brings in high profits.
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• 1st state in India to take up initiative in bringing A.P. Single Window Clearances system under
e-Biz project of National e-Governance plan of Govt of India
✓ Andhra Pradesh has occupied the 1st position in Ease of Doing Business Rankings this year
given by the World Bank and the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Govt of India
✓ Government has organised two partnership summits in the year 2016 and 2017
✓ During the first summit 328 projects committed MoUs with an investment worth Rs.4,67,577
cr. and employment of 9,58,896
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✓ During the 2nd Partnership Summit held in Vishakhapatnam on 27th- 28th January 2017,
665 MoUs were signed by the Government of Andhra Pradesh with an investment potential of
Rs.10,54,594 cr and an possible employment of 22,34,096
Summit Investment Employment 1st (328 projects) Rs.4,67,577 cr 9,58,896 2nd(665 MoUs)
Rs.10,54,594 cr 22,34,096
• Large and Mega Projects – 1867
• Investment - Rs.86,894 cr • Creation of Employment - 4,67,642 persons
• GOI announced National Manufacturing Policy, 2011 with the objective to enhance the
share of manufacturing in GDP to 25% within a decade and creing 100 million jobs
✓ Government of Andhra Pradesh proposed to develop NIMZs in Prakasam and Chittoor Districts
for which in-principle approval was already accorded by Government of India
• Chennai Bangalore Industrial Corridor is one of the mega Infrastructure projects of

Government of India which passes through the State
Main Objective: Increase the share of manufacturing sector in the GDP of the country and to
smart sustainable cities which will have worldclass infrastructure, convenient public transport
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etc
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 Vizag Chennai Industrial Corridor is a key part of the planned East Economic Corridor
and India’s first coastal corridor and the extent of it is considered from Pydibheemavaram
in Srikakulam district to Chennai in Tamilnadu S.
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Industrial Infrastructure:
• 1st State in the country to announce an exclusive state SEZ policy with special package of
incentives and concessions and finalized the Vishakhapatnam Special Economic Zone in an area
of 3,500 acres of land.
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Index of Industrial Production (IIP):

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• General Index for the period from April to October 2016 in Andhra Pradesh stands 231.9
against 207.3 observed in the same period
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Commerce and Exports:

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• 1st half Apr to Sep 2016 - Rs.29629.65 cr • Major exports - Drugs & Pharmaceuticals, Marine,
Agriculture and Agro based products, Handicrafts, Minerals and Mineral products and Software
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products
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Mineral Resources
Mines and Geology:
• Main aim of State Mineral Policy is to serve as a guiding force to translate the State’s mineral
potential into reality with eco-friendly and sustainable mining
• Focus minerals - Bauxite, Heavy minerals, Beach Sand, Limestone, Gold, Diamond, Dolomite,
Oil & Natural gas, Uranium, Garnet, Granite, Titanium, etc.
• Purpose - establishment of Cement, Gas based Thermal Plants, Oil Refinery, Cutting &
Faceting, Mining & Refinery, Steel & Sponge, Alumina Smelter and Aluminium Refinery etc., as
focus industry for overall development of the Mining Sector in the State
• State produced about 43 million tonnes of industrial minerals and 156 million cubic meters of
dimensional stones building material with a value of Rs.14633 crores during 2015-16 .
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Gold:
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• 1st Gold Mine in India was identified in AP • Gold reserves - Ramagiri of Anantpur Dt
• There are known deposits of gold bearing quartz rocks in the Rayalaseema region of AP,
including Anantapur, Chittoor and Kurnool
Chromite
located b/n Ibrahimpnam – Gangineni of Krishna Dt
Iron
• Most of the iron in AP is of Hemite type • 1st place in production of Iron – Anantapur
• Iron resources - krishna – kurnool – Anantapur – kadapa – nellore – prakasam – guntur –
chittoor
• Iron ore stocks are plentily available in Anantpur and Kadapa Dt
Zirconium
• Vizayanagaram and Srikakulam
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Monazite
• East coast - beach reserves (sands) • Srikakulam – Vishakhapatnam – E.G. – W.G. – Krishna –
Guntur – Prakasam – Nellore
• Monazite rocks are abundantly available Bheemunipnam
1 st place in production of Monazite
Lead:
• Lead reserves - Guntur – Kurnool – Kadapa – Chittoor – W.G.
• Lead reserves are abundantly available in Kurnool Dt
Bauxite
• Bauxite reserves are present on the highest mountains formed with Khondalite rocks of Arcian
age in the Eastern Ghats
• Mainly available in Vishakhapatnam and East Godavari dt
• Vishakhapatnam - Sunkaramitta – Ananthagiri – Araku
|| Galikonda – Rakthakonda – Kuki @ Bittamugondi hills
|| Jerrela - Saparla • E.G - Dhumakondalu of Rampachodavaram
Manganese
• 1st place in production and reserves of Manganese - Srikakulam Dt
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Copper
• Copper reserves – Guntur and Kadapa Dt
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Mica
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• 1st place in production and reserves of mica - Nellore Dt
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Vermiculite and Epite
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• Kasipnam area of Vishakhapatnam Dt (1st place in reserves and production)

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Quartz
• Guntur –Nellore – Prakasam
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Graphite
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– W.G. – Vishakhapatnam – Srikakulam • Abundantly available in

Krishna
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Gypsum
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• Pulicat lake near Sullurpeta of Nellore Dt

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Barites
• Kadapa – Anantapur – Kurnool
Asbestos
• 1st place in production and reserves - Kadapa • Creslotype
• Main places in Kadapa Dt - Pulivendula – Chinakudala – Brahmanapalli – lopanuthala
Diamonds
• Vajrakarur @ Anantapur Dt
Limestone
• High quality limestone - Jammalamadugu and Maidakuru in Kadapa Dt • 1st place in
production and reserves - Kurnool (bethamcharla, koilakuntla)
Petroleum and Natural Gas

• Kaikaluru – Rajolu – Chinchunadu – Medara vanimeraka (near coast)
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POWER
Any nation has to utilize its resources abundantly to develop agriculturally and
industrially. Resources utility depends on energy deposits usage. That's why energy
deposits are like foundation stone to increase productions in large quantity.
Electricity plays an important role among energy resources. Electricity is an energy
resource to be used for multi utilities. Electricity being brought into public usage is a
symbol of Development achieved by human race among coal, Natural gas, petroleum
products, and electricity, electricity consumption is increasing day by day since its
production and supply is different and clear compared to other resources. It's very difficult
to move ahead without electricity in upcoming developing areas. Electricity production
and consumption was not developed a century before.
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Wind Based Power Capacity
Recently wind was brought into usage as another energy resource. In certain selected places
such as Ananthapur, Vishakhapatnam, Kadapa, Kurnool, Nellore districts wind blows with a
speed of 18-25 kms/ hour. Therefore these places in the state were selected to establish wind
based power stations. Through, this centre it is estimated to produce 860. Mega wts electricity
per one year.
When the state was formed the production of electricity had been only 100 megawatts. present
though the productivity increased to 4500 megawatts, it is not sufficient for the growing needs.
With every year as electric consumption is increasing due to agriculture and industries are
suffering power cuts and farmers, industrial management, household consumers are facing
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problems. Therefore by producing electricity through non conventional energy resources we can
satisfy present needs.
+ In the state under. APGENCO wind based power stations is being conducted Ramagiri of
Ananthapur district. Its production capacity is 2 Megawts.
+ In the state the total electricity produced by APGENCO is 4559.6 Megawts. In this 2810
Megawts from thermal powerstations, 1747.6 Megawts from hydal PowerStation and 2 Megawts
from wind based power plants electricity is being produced.
+ The first power centre in the country based on natural gas was formed in the government
sector ,in the year 1990 - Vijjeshwaram of West Godavari district.
+ In the private sector in the country the first natural gas based power centre was formed
Jegurupadu of East Godavari district.
+ While ultra mega power project was formed in Krishnapatnam of Nellore district, another 2
Ultra mega power projects in Nunipalli of Prakasam district and Visakha were under preparation
for construction in Andhra Pradesh.
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Andhra Pradesh Electricity Board (APSEB)
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As part of reforms in electric field APSEB is divided into APGENCO and APTRANSCO on 1st
February 1999. There are 2 power distribution companies in Andhra Pradesh, they are
1. APSPDCL 2. APEPDCL
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1. APSPDCL: On 1st April 2000 APSPDCL was established. Its head office is Tirupati. The
districts in the zone of this company are Krishna,Guntur, Prakasam, Nellore, Chittoor and
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Kadapa. After the division of the state from 2nd June 2014 Kurnool and Ananthapur were also
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brought into the Zone of this company. present there are 8 districts in the zone of this company.
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2. APEPDCL: This Company was formed on 31st March 2000. Its head office is, in
Vishakhapatnam. There are 5 districts in the zone of this company. They are- Srikakulam,
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Vijayanagaram, Vishakhapatnam, East Godavari and West Godavari.

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TRANSPORT
Transport has got lot of importance in the present modern world. Economic, social and political
conditions of a country's people depend on the development of that country's transport.
This transport helps a lot for the development of a nation's economic system by integrating
various sectors of that nation and to encourage them Transportation is the movement of people
and goods from one place to another.
Transport helps in moving goods from producers to consumers. Development is possible when
the transportation run without any interruptions. Today because of the developed transportation
facilities people are journeying from one place to another place comfortably. As the transport of
goods taking place a rapid speed the commercial sector has also very much developed.
Important modes of transportation are-
1. Roads, 2. Railways, 3. Water ways, 4. Air ways.
Roads
Roads are important ones among the basic needs for the complete development of a state. It is
possible to transport goods and people to their destinations through road transportation. Roads
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connect not only the states in a country but also countries of the world. With the development of
roads;
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Importance and necessity of basic needs is playing a key role both in a state and country and in
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every planning particularly after the implementation of economic reforms. It is necessary to
develop the transportation, important one among the basic facilities, particularly the roads for
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industrial and economical development. Roads are very important in the development of various
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sectors like agriculture, trading, industries and so on. There was no scheme or planning in India
by 1943 for the development of roads. The first road transport development plan was made in
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the year 1943. This is called Nagpur plan.

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THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF NAGPUR PLAN

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1. The villages that consists of more population should 2 km away form district roads and the
ones the consist of less population should be 5 km away.
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2. Every village that consists of 500 people should have least one road.
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These aims were achieved by our state along with other states of the country.
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Roads can be classified into 4 types based on their usage and necessity.
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1. NATIONAL HIGHWAYS
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These are the roads th connect state capitals and port towns and other main towns with the,
capital of the country. Though the national highways are only 2% in total highways, through
them 40% of transportation takes place. Central public works department constructs and
maintains these national highways. According to the social and financial survey of 2015-16.24
national highways are • passing through Andhra Pradesh state and all spread over 4913.60 kms.
The density of national highways in the state for every one lakh population (2011) the highway is
9.98 kms. The density • of national highways is more in the state than in the country (7.67 kms).
In the state the length of national highways is 30.70 kms per every 1000 sq kms..This is more
than national average. (28.2 kms).
The main national highways which pass through the state
1. NH-16(5): (Chennai- Kolkatata)
This national highway goes through the towns Visakhapatnam, Rajahmundry, Vijayawada,
Guntur, Nellore, Gudur of the state.
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This is the longest of the national highways in the state. The length of it in the state is 1024kms
This is part of Swarna Churbhuji And it is the national highway th goes through the East coast.
2. NH-26(43):(Raipur-Vijayanagaram)
Its length is 90.33 kms.
It goes from the border of Odisha to Ramachandrapuram, via Vijayanagaram, Nhavalasa.
3. NH-30(221): (Jagdalpur-Vijayawada route)
* Its length is 137.26 kms
* This goes from Kondapally to Kothagudem, via Bhadrachalam to the border of Chatisgarh.
4. NH-40(4 & 18)
* Its length in the state is 384 kms.
* It goes from Kurnool, Chittoor to Chennai.
5. NH-42(205 & 219)
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*'Its length in the state is 381.95 kms.
This is Raichur, Uravakonda , Ananthapur, Madanapally, Krishnagiri road.
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6. NH-44(7)
* Its length in the state is 260.99 kms.
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* This is Nagpur, Hyderabad, Bengaluru road.
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* This highway goes through. Kurnool, Ananthapur districts in the state.

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7. NH-65(9)
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Its length in the state is 145.75 kms.

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It goes form Pune, Hyderabad Machilipatnam. -

8. NH-67(63 & new NH)
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Its length in the state is 395.89 kms.

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* This goes through Ramnagar, Hubli, Ballari, Guthi, Tadiphtri, Muddanuru, Mydukuru, Nellore
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to Krishnaptnam port.
9. NH-69(4)
* Its length is 62 kms.
* It goes from the border of Karnataka to Chittoor.
10. NH-71(205& New NH)
* . Its length is 191 kms.
* - This goes from Madanapally, Thirupathi, Renigunta, Yerpedu to Naidupeta.
11 .NH-75(234)
* This goes through Mangaluru, Venkagirikota, Villupuram.
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12. NH-140(18A)
* This goes from Poothalaptu to Thirupathi.
13. NH-165(214)
* This is Pamaru- Digamaru road.
14. NH-167
* This goes from Hagari, Aluru, Adhoni, Manthralayam to Jadcherla.
15. NH- 216(214&214A):
* This is Khipudi,Digamaru, Ongole road.
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16. NH-326
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* This goes from Odisha border to Chittoor
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* This is the shortest of the national high ways th go through the state.
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17. NH-326(A)
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* Its length in the state is 40 kms.

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* It goes from Odisha border to Kotabommaly Junction to Narsannapet.

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18. NH-340
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* This . is Rayachoti, Chinnamandam, Gurram konda, Kurabalakota road.
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19. NH-565
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* Its length in the state is 420.05 kms

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* This is Nakrekal, Nalgonda, Macharla, Kanigiri, Venkagiri Yerpedu road.

20. NH-716(205)
* Its length in the state is 45.80 kms
* This is Chennai, Renigunta road.
21. NH-765..
* This is Hyderabad, Kalvakurthi, Srisailam, Dhornala, Tokapalle road.
* In the state Chittoor district has the longest length of national highways.
* In the state Vii ayanagaram district has the shortest length of national highways.
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NOTE: The numbers of national highways have been changed. Their old numbers are indiced in
the Brackets.
2. STATE HIGHWAYS
State highways particularly connect district capitals with state capital. These are important
roads in lower areas of state. These are spread over a length of 6,485 kms in the state. These are
maintained by Roads and Buildings department.
STATE ROADS
L State Highway No.2:
Main way: Macherla-Gurajala-Dachepalli-Piduguralla-Statenapalli-Guntur
District: Guntur
2. State Highway No.30:
Main way: Ananthapuram-Tadipathri-Bugga District: Ananthapuram
Main Way: Kadapa-Rajampeta-Kuturu-Renigunta
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Districts: Kadapa, Chittoor
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Main way: Kadiri-Raichoti-Rajampeta
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Districts: Kadapa, Ananthapuram
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Main way: Odisha border-Parvhipuram-Bobbili-Ramabhadrapuram-Raj am-Chilakapalem

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Districts: Vijayanagaram, Srikakulam

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Main way: Parvhipuram-Veeraghtam-Palaonda-Srikakulam-Kalingapnam
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Districts: Vijayanagaram, Srikakulam

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Main way: Bhimunipnam-Anakapalli-Narsipnam-Devipnam

Districts: Vishakhapatnam, East Godavari 8.. State Highway No.39:
Main way: Vishakhapatnam-Shrungavarapu kota-Araku
Districts: Vishakhapatnam, Vijayanagaram
Main way: Raj ahmundry-Bikkavolu-Samarlakota
District: East Godawari
Main way: Chinturu junction-Rampachodavaram-Rajahmundry-Korukonda
District: East Godawari
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Main way: Telangana border-Jangareddy gudem-Koyyalagudem-Tadepalligudem-Palakollu
District: West Godawari
Main way: State Highway 42 Junction-Chintapalli-Vijayarai-Eluru
Main way: Shobhanadhripuram-Tadikalapudi-Kamavarapukota-Eluru
Main way: Piduguralla-Narasaraopeta-Chilakaluripeta-Chirala
Districts: Guntur, Prakasam
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Main way: Guntur-Ponnuru-Bapla-Chirala
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Districts: Guntur, Prakasam
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Main way: Guntur-Narasaraopeta-Vinukonda-makuru-Kurnool
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Districts: Guntur, Kurnool

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17. State Highway No.53:.

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Main way: Nandyala-Giddaluru-Bestavaripeta-Ongole

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Districts: Kurnool, Prakasam

18. State Highway No.57:.
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Main way: Nellore-Mypadu

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Districts: Nellore, Kadapa

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Main way: Guduru-Rajampeta
Districts: Nellore, Kadapa
Main way: Mudinepalli-Bhimavaram
Districts: Krishna, West Godawari
21. State, Highway No.89:
Main way: Macherla-Vinukonda
District: Guntur
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DISTRICT HIGHWAYS
These are the roads the connect Talukas with districts, production areas and market yards, with
state. Highways and. railway stations. State government is allotting a huge amount of budget on
these.
Their maintenance is done under the auspices of Jilla Parishads. The district highways in the
state are spread over 19,807. kms.
RURAL ROADS
These are the " roads th connect villages with division centers, district roads and other villages.
These roads maintenance was transferred to buildings department in 1998-99,which used to be
under Panchayhi Raj department from the beginning, since it had become economic burden to
Panchayhi Raj. The rural roads in the state are spread over a length of 15,664 kms.
RAILWAYS
Transport th happens through railways has a lot of importance among all the transport facilities.
In transporting people, goods on a large scale to remote distances fastly, there is no alternate for
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railways. Railways are the backbone of country's economic development. Almost half of country's
'transport is happening through railways. Important railway lines of India, Delhi-Chennai,
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Bombay-Chennai,. and Kolkata-Chennai are passing through Andhra Pradesh. Important
industrial centers of Andhra Pradesh Vishakhapatnam, Kakinada, Machilipatnam, Rajamundry,
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Vijayawadaa, Tirupathi Cities are connected with railway lines.
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Various new methods were introduced in transporting people. and goods through railways. So
many new trains were introduced in view of' increasing number of passengers and goods
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transportation. So .many changes happened in view of traffic. Deduction in the time span,
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sleeper. coaches for long distance travels, reserving facility with the help of computers, dining
carts to provide full facility were arranged. Along team engines, modernizion of diesel engines,
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electric trains were introduced in so many places to increase journey speed. The important goods
th are being transported by railways in Andhra Pradesh are coal, cement, fertilizers, iron ore,
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food grains, sugar,. jaggery, etc. so many new lines were proposed in Andhra Pradesh in recent
times and almost on the verge of completion. Those Are Nandyala- Erraguntla, Kakinada-
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Kotipally, Kotipally- Narsapuram. Huge amount were allotted to gaze changing works and so any
lines were changed into Broad gazes.
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The first railway in Andhra Pradesh in 1862 between Putthur- Renigunta. In Andhra Pradesh,
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railways were conducted under 3-Zones.

1. South Central Railway: Most part of it in the state comes under this Domain only.
2. Southern Railway : The region from Putthur to Chennai is in this zone.
3. East Coast Railway Zone: The region from Vishakhapatnam to the border of Odisha is in this
zone.
* There is railway garage research work-shop in Thirupathi.
* There is a wagon workshop Guntupally near Vijayawada.
* The south central railway had started its first Doubel Decker Train on 13th May 2014. This
travels between Kachiguda-Guntur and Kachiguda- Thirupathi.
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Sea Ports
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Andhra Pradesh has 974 Kms long coast line with a major Port Vishakhapatnam under
Government of India control and 14 notified ports under State Government. Of which 4 are
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captive ports.
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Kakinada Anchorage Port

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The anchorage port has a capacity to handle about 4 million metric tons of cargo per annum.
The port handled 19.50 Lakh Tonnes of cargo and realized revenue of Rs.19.73 Crore on cargo
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and earned total revenue of Rs.19.73 crore as Government share in 2016-17. The Port handled
11.80 Lakh Tonnes of cargo and earned total revenue of Rs.16.70 crore during 2017-18 (upto the
end of Sep. 2017).
Kakinada Deep Water Port
Presently, Kakinada Deep Water Port is under operion with 6 berths and 2 OSV berths and one
North return wall berth of 635 Mts. length. The port handled 124.70 Lakh Tonnes of cargo and
realized revenue of Rs.404.55 crore. The Government received Rs.89.00 crore as Government
share in 2016-17.
Gangavaram Port
The Government of Andhra Pradesh awarded a green field deep water port Gangavaram near
Vishakhapatnam under PPP. Presently, Gangavaram port is under operation with 9 Berths with
a capacity of 45 Million Tons per annum. An extent of 1800 Acres of land was given towards
equity and 1052 acres was given on lease basis.
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Krishnapatnam Port
Presently, the Port is under operion with 9 berths. Construction of Additional berths under
Phase II is in progress. So far, an extent 3462 Acres of land was given as against 5800 acres
approved by the Government. The balance land acquisition is under process.
Rawa Port Rawa Port is located near Surasenayanam in East Godavari District and it facilites
to transport Crude Oil from S. Yanam to Chennai / Vishakhapatnam / Haldia by Sea. The
Port is in operion.
Other Non- Major Ports under development Non-Major Ports
(1) Machilipatnam, (2) Bhavanapadu (3) Narsapur (4) Ramayapnam (5) Kakinada SEZ (6)
Meghavaram Port (7) Nakkapalli Port (8) Nizampatnam, (9) Vodarevu are under development
process.Further, Duggarajapnam Port in Nellore District in under development by Government of
India. Machilipatnam Port The Government have awarded development of Machilipatnam Port in
Krishna District under PPP Model. Land acquisition is under process. Land pooling is under
progress to procure lands required for Machilipatnam Port under Machilipatnam Area
Development Authority.
Bhavanapadu Port The port is located in Srikakulam district. There is a defunct fishing harbor,
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and no commercial activity this Port. Availability of the Land is 268 Acres. The port can be
developed to handle about 6.5 MTPA by 2016-17. The port is initially proposed to be developed
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under Phase-I with 5 berths.
Narsapur Port The Port is located in West Godavari district. There is no commercial activity in
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the port. Development of port work is under progress.
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Ramayapnam
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Ramayapnam proposed site for port development is a coastal village, located South – East
corner of Prakasam district in Ulavapadu Mandal, located 4.5 km East of Thettu on NH-5 and 93
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km North of Krishnapatnam Port. It is 12.8 km away from Ulavapadu and 78.7 km distance
from Ongole. The connecting straight road joins NH-5 Thettu. South Central railway passes
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adjacent to the NH-5 Nearest Railway stations is ‘Thettu’ located within 6 km from the sea.
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Development of port work is under progress.

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Kakinada SEZ:(Captive Port) The Government declared the Kakinada SEZ Port in East
Godavari District as minor Port to facilitate transportation of refinery products and to handle all
special Economic Zone Cargo. Govt. have agreed to the proposal of M/s KSEZ Pvt. Ltd. for
conversion of the Captive Port to the Commercial Port through Swiss Challenge Approach, duly
following the procedure laid down in APIDE Act, 2001, draft PPP Rules, 2012 and as per the A.P.
Port Policy, 2015. The total cost of project includes Dredging, Breakwater revetment,
construction of Berths, Port Buildings, Road works, Railway line, Port Craft berth, Miscellaneous
etc., is Rs.2123.00 Crores.
Meghavaram Port: (Captive Port) The State Government declared Meghavaram port in
Srikakulam district as minor port for imports of coal, fly ash for the thermal plants. The Port is
being developed by M/s East Coast Energy Pvt. Ltd., with an estimated cost of Rs.600 Crores.
Nakkapalli Port: (Captive Port) The State Government declared Nakkapalli port in
Vishakhapatnam district as a minor port for export of Alumina by M/s ANRAK Aluminum Ltd.
The proposed port is 75 Km from South of Vishakhapatnam. M/s. Anrak Alumina Ltd., has
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proposed to construct 2 berths to handle alumina & thermal coal etc. The cargo handling
capacity of the project is 4 MLT per annum.
Nizampatnam and Vodarevu Ports: (under development) The State Government have proposed
to develop Vodarevu port in Prakasham district &Nizampatnam port in Guntur district under
Public Private Participation mode on Build, Own, Opere and Transfer (BOOT) basis. The port is
present under dispute.
Duggarajapnam: Proposed port Duggarajapnam is located in SPSR Nellore district of Andhra

Pradesh. The site is located 23 kms north of Sriharikota islands (ISRO) in Vakadu mandal of
SPSR Nellore district. Important towns like Gudur are a distance of 40 km and Vakadu 10 km.
Airports and Non Metro Airports

Andhra Pradesh Civil Aviation Policy, 2015
With a vision and objective for creation of world class aviation infrastructure in the State would
help provide reliable and seamless air connectivity to regional, national and international
detentions by 2022, the Government has brought out Andhra Pradesh Civil Aviation Policy,
2015.
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As per the said Policy the Government will encourage private participation in airport
development, regional/ national airline operations and other aviation infrastructure through
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various initiatives which include provision of fiscal incentives, facilitation of gap in financing
through Viability Gap Funding Scheme on a case to case basis. Keeping in view the above
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objective, GoAP has decided to develop new green fi eld airports in the State and also to upgrade
existing airstrips into low cost airports for better air connectivity and economic growth of the
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State. Accordingly, the GoAP has formed a Special Purpose Vehicle viz., Bhogapuram
International Airport Corporation Ltd., (BIACL), a 100% owned Corporation set up in August,
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2015 under The Companies Act, 2013. BIACL has been entrustated with the development of the
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following new greenfield airports and up gradation of existing airstrips into low cost airports in
the State.
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New Airports
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Bhogapuram International Airport

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The Government has proposed to develop a new Greenfield International Airport Bhogapuram
mandal of Vizayanagaram District near Vishakhapatnam.
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Dagadarthi Airport All required clearances i.e. site clearance, in-principle approval have been
obtained from the Government of India, Ministry of Civil Aviation.
Orvakal Airport Bids have been invited for development of this new low cost airport under PPP
mode. GoAP has decided to construct this airport on EPC basis, in public interest. Land
acquisition for this airport is completed.
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Other Airports
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Besides development of the above 3 new green field airports, Government has entrustated
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BIACL to develop/upgrade the existing airstrips into low cost airports Donakonda in Prakasam
district; Nagarjunasagar in Guntur District and a new Greenfield airport in Kuppam, Chittoor
district. BIACL has taken up the matter for identification of suitable additional land for up
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gradation of these airstrips. Govt., have also directed BIACL to examine the feasibility of making
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Puttaparthi Airport operational under RCSUDAN/regional connectivity scheme. Accordingly,
BIACL has taken up the mter with Sri Sya Sai Central Trust, to which the private airport
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Puttaparthi belongs.
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Existing Non-Metro Airports present there are six operational airports in the State,
Vishakhapatnam, Tirupathi, Vijayawada, Rajahmundry, and Kadapa, which are under
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operational control of Airports Authority of India, and one airport Puttaparthi being managed by
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Sri Sathya Sai Central Trust.

Vishakhapatnam Airport
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Vishakhapatnam Airport is a civil enclave belonging to Indian Navy and opered by Airports
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Authority of India (AAI)

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Currently, Vishakhaptnam serves flights to Far East and Middle East (one stop). Carriers such
as Air Asia, Silk Air, Sri Lankan Airlines and Air India serve to the detentions in the Far – East
and Middle East. Cargo facility is now functional Vishakhapatnam airport.
Vijayawada Airport
Vijayawada Airport is the second largest Airport in Andhra Pradesh in terms of air passenger
traffic.
Thirupathi Airport
Thirupathi Airport is the third largest Airport in Andhra Pradesh in terms of passenger traffic.
During FY 201617, Tirupathi recorded passenger traffic of 0.48 Million passengers with 7,449
aircraft movements.
Rajahmundry Airport As per the MoU signed between the AAI and GoAP, the State Government
has acquired its own cost, additional land required to an extent of Ac.857.09 required for
expansion of Rajahmundry airport a cost of appxly. Rs.274 crores and handed over to AAI free
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of cost, besides providing free electricity and water for a period of 5 years, and provide security
for the airport.
Kadapa Airport The Govt.of India, Ministry of Civil Aviation, has announced a new scheme viz.
“Ude Desh ka Aam Naagarik (UDAN) – Regional Connectivity Scheme with a vision of “affordable
flying for the common man” and a MoU was signed by the GoAP with the Govt.of India, Ministry
of Civil Aviation and the Airports Authority of India in September, 2016 for providing
support/concessions such as VGF (80% by Central Government and 20% by State Govts), levy
of excise duty by Central Govt., 2% on F, reduction of V(SGST) on F RCS airports, etc., under
RCS scheme. The Ministry of Civil Aviation has declared Kadapa Airport as RCS airport in AP.
In the 1st round of bidding conducted for all the RCS airports in the country, True Jet has won
the bidding for operating RCS flights from Kadapa airport. Kadapa is connected to Hyderabad
and will be connected to Vijayawada (Trujet) and Chennai (Trujet). Jagadalpur (Air Odisha) by
December, 2017
Tourism
Tourism in India has grown by leaps and bounds over the years, with each region of India
contributing something to its splendor and exuberance. The ‘Incredible India’ campaign which
showcases the best with India has to offer to tourists, now commands worldwide destination.
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Andhra Pradesh has the distinction of being a leading tourism distention in India and is
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presently, the third most visited State in terms of domestic tourism. In 2013, 152.1 million
domestic tourists visited AP, which was about 13.3% of the total domestic tourism market.
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Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (APTDC)
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APTDC, the State Government undertaking was incorporated in 1976. It continues to registater
significant growth since last few years with focus on creation of tourism infrastructure and
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products. The Corporation continues to strive for promotion of new tourism products such as
ecotourism, beach tourism and cruise tourism. The river cruise tourism to Pattiseema and
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Papikondalu on river Godavari, APTDC operes 24 tour packages including on demand tours. The
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transport fleet is operated through network of 8 tour promotion scheme agents, authorized
booking agents and 14 Central Reservation Offices.
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While the primary focus of APTDC remains aggressive in developing a world-class tourism
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infrastructure, recently, it has ventured into new tourism related fields like, heritage, pilgrimage
and eco-tourism etc.
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Community Based Eco-tourism Andhra Pradesh is encouraging community based Ecotourism

in association with Forest department, under their Community Forest Management program by
providing opportunities for jungle walks, wild life tourism, bird watching and trekking.
Maredumilli (East Godavari District),
Nelaptu (Nellore District),
Mamandur, Talakona, Nanniyal (Chittoor District),
Balapalli (Kadapa District), Ettipotala(Guntur District),
KambalaKonda(Vishakhapatnam District),
Orvakallu (Kurnool District)
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Coringa Wild life sanctuary (East Godavari District) are few of the places identified for Eco-
tourism. Transport to and from the distention is provided by APTDC. Vana Samrakshana
Samithi(community) provides accommodation, guide services and food facilities. Forest
department provides the infrastructure under Community Forest Management (CFM).
GoI (Central Financial Assistance)
Projects APTDC has taken new initiates to develop tourism in Andhra Pradesh and startups are
being taken to tap the Central Financial Assistance for development of tourism infrastructure in
various detentions in the State, under which 7 projects worth Rs 234.75 Cr were sanctioned by
the Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Urban Development and Ministry of Shipping, Govt. of India.
 Development of Kakinada Hope Island Konaseema as world class costal & Eco Tourism
circuit and development of coastal tourism circuit in Nellore in Andhra Pradesh under
Swadesh Darshan Scheme.
 Development of Amaravati town, Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh as a Tourist
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distention under P RASAD Scheme.
 Up gradation of approach roads to heritage sites and development of heritage walk
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Amaravati.
 Development of “Heritage Park Amaravhi under HRIDAY (Heritage City Development and
Augmention Yojana) Scheme.
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 Development of Passenger Jetty Bhavani Island under Sagaramala Scheme of Ministry of
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Shipping, GoI.
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 Development of Srisailam Temple Town in Kurnool District under PRASAD Scheme

(Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spirituality Augmentation Drive) of Ministry of Tourism, GoI.
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Out of the above 7 projects 5 are under progress and 2 works are yet to be started. Since
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the 2 projects of Sagaramala Scheme and PRASAD Scheme are recently sanctioned by the
Ministry of Tourism.
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Proposed projects
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Further fi ve new Project proposals worth Rs.362.19 Cr. have been initied for development with
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CFA and submitted the DPRs to the Ministry of Tourism Government of India for sanction under
PRASAD and SADESH DARSHAN schemes for the year 2017-18 and awaiting sanction form the
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GOI.
 Development of Mahayana Buddhist circuit in AP under Swadesh Darshan Scheme.

 Development of Rajamahendravaram Heritage, Eco & Nure Tourism circuit (Akhanda
Godavari Project) under Swadesh Darshan Scheme.
 Development of Rayalaseema Heritage Tourist circuit under Swadesh Darshan Scheme.
 Development of Temple Town Tirupathi in the State of AP under PRASAD Scheme.
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POPULATION
According to 2011' census Andhra Pradesh's population is 4,95,77,103. Andhra Pradesh's
constitutes 4.10% of India’s Total population. It occupies 10th place among 'the highly populated
states of India. Country's Population is 121,05,69,573, (According to 2011Census) According to
2001 Census country's population was 102,70,15,247 and United A.P population 7,57,27,541.
The Geographical area of the state according to 2011 Census is 163 thousand sq kms and
Density is 304. As per 2011 Census, the Density of population is highest in Krishna District with
518 persons, whereas Y.S.R Kadapa District Population is the lowest with 188 person per sq km.
The decadal growth rate of population (2001-11) in the state is 9.21%. Kurnool district has the
highest growth rate with 14.85% and West Godavari district has the lowest- with 3.51%
(Excludes merged village of Khammam).
Scheduled caste and Scheduled Tribes: As per 2011 census the percentage of scheduled caste
in our state is 17.08. These people settled- in some districts more than the states percentage.
Scheduled castes population in our state is concentrated largely in prakasam district (percentage
wise) their percentage is 23.19 in this district. Scheduled caste population is predominantly
concentrated in Guntur district. Out of the total scheduled caste population of 84,45,398 in the
state, 35,16,735 are main workers, 7,51,592 are marginal workers and 42,68,327 are 'total
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workers (Excludes merged Villages of Khammam).
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If we observe the residential places of scheduled castes they mostly concentrated in rural
population 67,74,090 and urban population 16,95,188.
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Scheduled Tribes: Most of scheduled Tribes of Andhra Pradesh live in visakhapatnam.
Scheduled Tribes Population in our state is concentrated largely in visakhapatnam (percentage
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wise) their percentage is 5.53 in this district. Out of the total scheduled Tribe population of
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26,31,145 in the stage. 11,08,035 are main workers, 3,48,992. are marginal workers and
14,57,027 are total workers (Excludes merged villages of Khammam Telangana).
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Scheduled Tribes in rural areas mostly live along the hill and river areas. Scheduled Tribes rural
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population 24,02,090 and urban population is 3,38,043.

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District wise Literate Population and Literacy Rate In Andhra Pradesh 2011 Census:
A person aged seven and above, who can both read and write with understanding in any
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language, is treated as literate. A person who can only read but can not write is not literate.
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Andhra Pradesh as per 2011 census total number of literate in the state are 2,98,59,982 of
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which Male and Female literates are 1,65,49,514 and 1,33,10,468 respectively. The total literacy
Rate of the state is 67.35 and it is 74.77 and 59.96 for male and female respectively. Literates
population in our state is concentrated largely in East Godavari District and West Godavari
District Literacy Rate is occupied 1st Rank with 74.32% out of 77.65% and 71.01 literacy rates
for persons and females. Whereas Chittoor district stood 1st Rank with 79.83 literacy Rate for
Males.
Population Characteristics of Andhra Pradesh: The Population of the state has increased from
276.85 census lakhs in 1971 to 495. 77 lakhs census 2001 is +9.21% and it is lower than that
of +11.89% during census 2001over census 1991 excludes merged villages of Khammam
(Telangana). The Density of population is 282 in 2001 and it has increased to 304 in 2011.
Variation in Population of the state from 1901 census to 2011 census: The population has
increased from 4,52,22,736 in 2001 (Excludes merged of Khammam) to 4,95,77,103 in 2011.
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Male and Female Population and Sex Ratio: As per 2011 census, there were 2,48,30,513
males and 2,47,46,590 females in state population. East Godavari District has the highest male
and Female population.
The number of females per thousand males is an important social Indicator to measure the
extent of prevailing equality between males and females in a society at a given point of time. The
Sex Ratio of the state is 997.
District wise Rural and urban Population and sex Ratio in Andhra Pradesh in 2011 Rural
census Population: As per 2011 census rural population of Andhra Pradesh is 3,49,66,693
where as urban population is 1,46,10,410 the share of the urban Population to total population
for the state is 29.47% the sex ratios of the state in Rural and urban areas are 994 and 1,004
respectively. Where looked District wise highest rural population 39,71,852 in East Godavari
District and urban population is 20,35,922 highest in visakhapatnam.
District wise, Rural and Urban wise Child Population. (0-6 years) and Sex Ratio in Andhra
Pradesh 2011: The total child population of the state for Rural and Urban areas are 37,82,648
and 14,60,988 respectively. The child sex Ratio (0-6 years) of the state is 944 where as it is 946
and 940 for Rural and Urban areas respectively.
District wise Distribution of total population by main workers, marginal workers,
m
cultivators and house hold industries: Andhra Pradesh as per 2011 census,the total
population of 4,95,77,103 in the state. 1,93,17,499 (38.96%) are main workers, 37,63,465
co
(7.59%) are marginal workers and 2,30,80,964 (46.56%) are total workers, and 5,28,709 (2.74%)
are in Household Industry and 70,83,160 (36.67%) are in other activities.
S.
District wise Marginal Labourers in 2011 Census: Andhra Pradesh 2011 census, out of
A
2,30,80,964 total workers, 33,40,133 are cultivators (14.47%), 1,10,52,603 (47.89%) are
Agricultural Labourers, 6,62,608 (2,87%) are in house hold industry-and 80,25,620 (34.77%) are
eI
in other activities.
in
District wise, percentage decadal variation in population from 1901. census to 2011
nl
census: During the last ten decades population has increased to the population of 1991. Growth
rate has increased gradually from one decade to another. The decadal variation during 2001-11
.O
is 9.21% over 11.89% during 1991-01 (Excludes merged village of Khammam).

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+91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N.

Andhra Pradesh Geography

Geography of Andhra Pradesh

Sl. No TOPIC PAGE #

Geography of Andhra Pradesh

Formation of Andhra Pradesh

and Rayalaseema, in the inland southWestern part of the state.

As per Andhra Pradesh Reorganizion Act-2014, 7 polavararri flooding Mandals (327

• Coastal Andhra – 95.47 thousand sq.km

Population (2011 Census)

 Aquic animal – Dolphin

• Contributes major portion in terms of food production and commercial crops

• Rice Bowl of AP - East Godavari

Name of the District Borders

Kurnool (3 districts) Cuddapah, Anantapur and Prakasam

• Stretches from Eastatern Ghats to Bay of Bengal

Seshachalam, Avalapalli, Kondalu, Horseli

Nagarjuna Kondalu, :Vinukonda, Mangalagiri kondalu,

7. Nellore: Erramala, Velikondalu

Balakondalu, Simhagiri, Kondalu, Dolphin nose

through the fissures of earth’s crust

✓ AP - tropical zone between tropic of cancer and equator

• Highest avg temperature – 31.5 Deg Celsius

 Summer Season - March to Mid June

• Least temperature - lambasingi

South-West monsoon season

Retreing Southwest Monsoon Season

East Godavari - Ellavaram and Peddapuram

Nellore - Kavali, Kovvuru,Guduru, Sullurpet

Srikakulam and Vishakhapatnam Sea coast areas

• Laterite soils (less fertile)- Nitrogen is found in large quantity

 Scrub Forest is 9455.24. Kms

 Wer Bodies is 373.08 Sq. Kms.

Dry Deciduous forests

• Avg rainfall - 75 cm to 100 cm

• Geographical extent - Kadapa and Kurnool

Forests with short thorn trees

• Geographical extent - Kadapa, Kurnool, Chittoor, Ananthapur

• Mangrove trees grow in this area

Forest Development Authority

The Government has launched “Vanam-Manam” on 01.07.2017 with Vana-mahostavam in

planting for 2017-18 under VanamManam is 25 crore by all stakeholders.

Prakruti Pilustondi “Prakruti Pilustondi”

• Included 3 National Parks

✓ Tiger reserve – Nagarjunasagar, Srisailam Tiger Reserve

✓ Elephant reserve – Koundinya sanctuary and Royal elephant reserve

✓ Biosphere reserve – Seshachalam

✓ 1st ex-situ Biodiversity Park of AP - Dolphin Conservation Society Vishakhapatnam

• Imp Tributaries – Manjeera | Pranahita | Indravhi | Kinnerasani | Sabari | Seeleru

• Godavari flows a breadth of 2.7 kms Rajahmundry

• Sir Arthur Cotton built a dam Godavari @ Dhawaleswaram in 1852

• Most imp tributary of krishna – Tungabhadra

• Nagarjuna Sagar was built on the river Krishna near Nandikonda

• Srisailam hydroelectric power stion was built on Krishna

• Between the 2 branches of Krishna “Diviseema” is located

• Biggest and most imp tributary of Krishna

• Forms a gorge @ Gandikota in Kadapa dt

• Originates in Jayapur hills @ Odisha

• Enters AP Phapnam of Srikakulam Dt

• Imp tributary – Mahendranaya

• Projects constructed on Cheyyeru - Cheyyeru project + Annamaya Dam; Togurpet Project

• Tributary of Penna • Puttaparthi is located on the banks of Chitravthi

• Joins Penna Gandikota in Kadapa dt