English B.A Notes on Pakistan and the Modern World

Notes on English B.
A
(4th Year)
Reviewed by :Syed Abu Bakr Shah Sb (M.Phil
English)
&
Mam Misbah Khan (M.A English & TFEL)
Written by: Adnan Khalid & Umair Jan
Ayesha Sadeeqa Post Graduate

Rajanpur
Address: City Canal Road Rajanpur
Principal: M Fiaz Sindhu Sb 0333-8879961
By
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Modern Essays
"Pakistan and the Modern World"
by "Liaqat Ali Khan"
(Annual 2019,2018st,2017nd,2015)
The Essay “Pakistan and Modern World “ is taken from the speech of First Prime Minister of
Pakistan Liaqat Ali Khan .He visited America in May 1950. He addressed to the students of
Kansas University. In his speech, he presented the political situation in the India before the
creation of Pakistan. Before the partition ,there lived 300 million Hindus and 100 million
Muslims in the Sub-Continent. The Hindus were dominating on the life of Muslims. The
Muslims fears that under their domination, The culture of Muslims would suffer a great
setback. If the Muslims were forced to live in United India. They would become a permanent
minority. For them freedom would mean only change of masters.
Both the nations were totally different in all walks of life. Their heroes, cultures, histories
and literatures were different. The Muslims believed in One Allah. The Hindus believed in
many gods and goddesses. The Muslims believed in equality of all men. But Hindus believed in
caste system. Their economic outlook was also different from each other. The Hindus take
charge on Loan. But it was sin for the Muslims to take charge on loan.
Liaqat Ali Khan stressed that
“ A free people must maintain their own freedom first”
The freedom of country is necessary for the peace of world. Pakistan is a new born country.
The People of Pakistan is facing the problems. Western Countries like that America should
share knowledge and experience to stable the Pakistan.
The Eclipse
(Annual 2013st,2016)
This essay is written by Virginia Wolf. She was a writer of England. She describes the Solar
Eclipse in a wonderful way. In this essay, she describes the importance of Sun and Law of
Nature.
There was going to happen the solar eclipse at York Shire in England. The duration of Solar
Eclipse was 24 seconds. There was no rest in that time. Every Person was very happy. They
were going to the north of England. Every body was trying to reach the Youstan Railway
Station. From there, they choose the root eleven to reach at Yourk Shire. A village Squire with
his four hunting joined the procession.
All the people reached at the time. There were extremely tired. They were waiting the rise of
sun in a line as the ancient people used to stand at Stonehenge to worship the rising sun in
pre-historic between 1800 B.C and 1400 B.C where the circle of stone was 100 feet wide.
After sometime, the sun rose up and pouring the rays of golden. All the people became happy
and earth looked colorful. The sun covered with the clouds. This situation created the
suspense among the people. The Eclipse started for 24 seconds. There was complete shadow
of moon on the earth .All the colors of the earth vanished. The coldness increased during
Eclipse. Every Person became sad.
After Eclipse, Every person became very happy. The colors of earth came back. Every Person
felt new life. Everything was looking beautiful after Eclipse.
The sun is the center of Solar System. The Sun provides light. The Earth is full of Colors.
Without sun, Life comes to an ends. We cannot live and enjoy on earth without light. Light is
base of any living things.
“The world become more and more solid ………until the whole fabric of civilization was
modelled and moulded”
Whistling of Birds
by
D.H. Lawrence
(Annual 2017,2004)
This essay is written by great Philosopher, Novelist of English Literature. In this essay ,This
essay is a symbolic essay. In this essay the writer describes circle of life. The writer describes
the changing of weather of two seasons Winter and Spring. The writer shows the effect of
season on every living thing with a great method.
Winter is shown as the sign of death .In this season ,Snow falling starts. The temperature
decreases. The coldness increases .The animals ,Birds and others stopped their activities. Due
to coldness and frost many animals die .Other Animals went to their nests and holes. The trees
shed Off their leaves. They are deprived of all beauty and charm. There is death and
destruction everywhere. The Whistling of birds comes to an end.
Spring is shown as the sign of life for every living thing. When Spring comes then winter
comes to end. In the start, Birds welcome the spring in the condition of fears .Spring Season is
full of Life and Colors. Nature turns over a new leaf of Life. This Season becomes Enjoyable.
In Summer Season, The temperature increases. In this season ,People went to the Northern
Areas to enjoy the beauty of Nature.
Pakistan is a best country where Every living thing enjoy four season in one year .An other
side ,Western Countries only enjoy two seasons. In summer Season, People and Visitor visit
the Northern Area like that Muree, Kaghan, Saif Ul Malook Jheel and Other Beautiful Places.
In this essay, The Writer gives the stress that
“We are for life ,or we are for death, one or the other but never in our essence both at
once”
When there is life death fly away. When there is death then life fly away. Because life and
death are opposite to each other. Both cannot exist at one time.
Take The Plunge

(Annual 2019,Annual 2017,Annual 2016,Annual 2015,2002,2003)
Gloria Emerson was an American writer. She wrote for The New York .Times. She was very
famous due to her interesting stories. But she wanted to show something wonderful. She was
not strong physically. She had a poor eyesight. She had uncertain ankles. She decided to jump
from Airplane. She did that work in following steps
She joined a Parachuting Club for getting necessary training. Her Instructor had told her that
parachuting was as safe as swimming and soul satisfying sport. Her parachute had 32 foot
wide canopy. It had a large cut out to let the air escape .She felt the parachute very heavy
when she took the plunge. But It had very slow speed of descent. She boarded the Cessna
180.She felt very strange in her helmet. the boots and jump suit. She felt nervous. It was very
difficult for her to bend ,to sit or to stand up .Her champanion jumped out to making the sign
of victory with his thumb. After this ,She took heart and jumped down.
When the parachute was pulled ,the speed of descent slowed down .In the starting, she was
feeling nervious. But the she felt as if she were floating in the air .The wind struck against her
body. Her eyes watered and her nose began to run. She enjoyed the endless sky, the colorful
rainbow and other colours very much. There was silence and quiet everywhere. The Parachute
had become a docile toy for her. It was a stranger and new experience for her to remain
between earth and sky.
Then came the stage of landing .She felt angry at it. But it was also very enjoyable. Her
landing target was a huge sandpit. A big arrow showed where it was. At last ,she with her
parachute landed on her target safely.
In this essay, Gloria Emerson gives the message that The women are as brave as men. She
says that 'I wanted to be brave about something". She wanted to prove that Determination is
the key to success". She stressed that Physical weakness should not be a hurdle to our great
aims of our life. We can work wonders if we have faith in our own selves.
Nagasaki, August 9,1945

(Annual 2017nd,2005,2003 )
Nagasaki was known as a major city of Japan. It is known as the back bone of Japan. America
and his Allied forces dropped the Atom bomb on this beautiful and progressive city of Japan
.Many Millions People die in this bomb blast. The details of bomb blast are given blew.
Before the bomb blast , people were doing their work very happily. The writer was the
student of the Medical College. They people were going on there work. The students were
going to their Schools, Colleges and Universities. The Writer went to the railway station. But he
could not go to the College due to some reasons.
He was sitting on the top roof of his Hostel. He heard the voice B-29 Aircraft. After a few
mints, a big sound and saw the back clouds on the surface. He injured and become helpless.
This time was very painful for him. Every thing became the dust of earth.
After the bomb blast, Whole the city converted into dust. Many people were injured in this
bomb blast. When He (Writer) at his school, He saw that many Class-mate had died. Every
thing was destroyed badly. His School was near the Hypo center. The writer could forget that
scene of distorting.
In this essay ,writer gives us a lesson that we should not use science for bad purpose. We
should control the production of dangerous weapons. The writer stressed that
“Never again should these terrible nuclear weapons be used, no matter what happened.”
In this essay, the writer realizes that Nuclear Weapons are horrible thing for all the world.
Walking on The Moon

(Annual 2018st)
This Essay was written on the experiments of American Scott from 1969 to 1972. This essay
is about the importance of earth and experiments of scientists on the surface of the moon.
This essay is about the Scott which went on the surface of the moon. The American wanted to
outdid RSSR. American attempted nine to do this. At the end, They successed
The very first thing that he found was the absence environment on the surface of moon.
There was no wind, no rain ,no poles ,no buildings and a result no trees on the surface of
Moon. There was dust all around them. The moon was surrounded by rides and gorges .There
was no sign of life. Every thing was still and silent.
When the writer landed on the surface of the moon, dust rose up and surrounded them. It
stuck to their boots and space suit. It was like a mixture of coal dust and talcum power .Its
color was grey and golden. Its fineness was between the coal dust and talcum power. It was
very sticky .It was impossible to remove it.
Another experience was that of weightlessness. When he landed on the moon, his weight
became One Six of What was on the earth. He felt very light and free .He fell on the ground
but received no injury. It was like falling of child on earth. He enjoyed his lightness and falling
very much.
The moon day was very hot while the moon night was very cold. The temperature during the
day was 150F and at night it was blew freezing. The earth appeared to the writer very bright.
The sky appeared totally dark. These are major things viewed by writer on the surface of
moon.
In this essay, The writer expresses his walking of moon .It was totally new for all the people
of world. In this essay, The writer expresses the importance of Earth and Difference between
the Earth's Surface and Moon's Surface.
My Grand Father
(Annual 2017st,Annual 2017nd,Annual 2019,2002,2004)
“W.B.Yeats “ was a great writer. He wrote many things in English Literature. In this essay, He
describes the Character and Role of his Grand Father. The name of his Grand Father was
William Pollexfen. He described some qualities which are given blew.
His Grandfather was very strict and Harsh Person. He had fixed timings and rules for doing
things. No One can violate them. All were afraid of him. He had fixed the mealing hours. The
Stable door was locked at 8 PM. and key was handed to over to him. He did not allow any
body to use his railway pass.
His GrandFather was a stout and strong Person. He had freed some Spanish City .He was a
sailor by profession. He was the owner of many ships. Once a captain reported something
wrong with the rudder .The Grandfather ordered the crew to go down and remove the fault.
The Crew refused to do so .He himself dived from the main deck and removed the fault
although he was injured badly.
He always kept a hatchet by his bedside to cope the burglars. He did not go to law. But he
believed in knocking a down himself.
The Grandfather had visited many parts of world. He had collected strange and novel things
from many parts of world. He had bits of coral in his dining room. He had a beautiful jar from
Jordan. He had collected Chinese pictures on the rice-paper . He had an ivory walking stick
from India.
His Grandfather remained aloof in his youth even. Most of the time, He remained confined in
his house. Still he was very popular with people .On his return from Bath, his men lighted
bonfires along the railway from miles. He was a men of few words. That is why; he had no
friend in city.
In this essay, the writer says that Elders are responsible for the proper development of the
personality of their children. They do not answer properly questions arising in the mind of
children. They do not pay attention to their problems which cause them pain .It leaves the
development of their personalities incomplete.
My Tailor
(Annual 2002,2003,2005,2017,2018)
This essay is about the qualities of a person .This Person is the tailor of author. The author
has described the character which is given blew.
He was a typical tailor. He always welcomed the writer and other customers with a smile on
his lips. He had his own terminology about things. He always stood in the back part of his shop
and welcomed the writer. He stood on one leg till the long time. He had a measuring tape with
him. He took the measurement of author and said; “A little fuller in the chest”
The tailor had specific habits. He offered the author only one from two “A Serge or Tweed”.
Then he gave his advice in the favor of Serge. He did not talk the author about his choice. It
looked that he knew the choice of author.
He had his own philosophy about the stitching of suit and receiving the bills. He always
promised the stitching a week after Tuesday. He did not demand the bill until two suits were
stitched. He wrote the bill when he took the order of third suit.
The tailor was strong believer person. He was devoted to his religion. He was money
collector of the Church. He always the helped the poor and needy person. He told the people
to take part in religion’s work.
In this Essay the writer gives us a lesson that we should make a good character.”Every
Person is known by his character”
Every person has specific qualities. We should not ignore the work of every person.
The beauty Industries

, (Annual 2004, Annual 2003)
In Writting this essay ,Haxley's purpose is to criticize the extra habit of Woman. This essay is
a beautiful blend of irony and humor.
In the Economic slump of Industry in 1930, all the Industries of world collapsed expect One
Industry ,That was beauty Industry. American's women spend 156 Million dollars on their
Faces in a year. This amount is equal to total Budget of India.
He says in an ironic tone "The most that the majority of European women can do just to
wash and hope for the best' At another place he says, "White-Washed and ruddled ,they
seem to be wearing mask" The writer says that Rich women are free to display their beauty.
They think that looking attractive is more important than looking Virtuous. The Writer says
that Many women are so crazy that they over-paint themselves. Due to over-painting they do
not look human at all.
The writer met two women in a restaurant who were looking very beautiful Outwardly but
There was no attraction as they looked Spiritual Beauty.
The beauty got by the use of beauty product is not a real beauty. Real Beauty is the beauty
of Character and that of Soul. He is of the view that the beauty got by an artificial way is like
the beauty of Porclaine Jar. That Jar is beauty Outwardly but From Inside it is full of stones
,leaves and Other things.
Are The Doctor Men of Science

(Annual 2015st,2002,2003,2005)
In this essay the writer laugh at the wrong things in the medical fields. They are earning more
than a Qualified physication.
Doctor is a art of curing disease. Just as ,every ship captain is not averilion and Every
drftsman is not Shakespeare. So As, Every doctor is not a man of Science
Job of A scientist is to invent or discover new things. The Scientists do many experiment for
the betterment of Humanity. They Invent Medicines, Weapons, and do many researches .They
researches on many diseases and discover their cure.
The Difference Between a Qualified Doctor and a Quack is that a Qualified Doctor has the
authority to sign Death Certificate of a patient Where as a Quack cannot do that. .The other
non Qualified people just like Quacks, Grand Mother, Herbalists and Villages Wicher are do
same work as Qualified
In this essay , The writer highlight the wrong think of People about the doctors. People think
that Every doctor is the Man of Science. Doctors do experiments on the patients. They do not
do experiments.
Bachelor's Dilemma
(Annual 2016st,2000,2001)
In this Essay, The writer expresses the Value of Bachelor in our Society .In this essay, The
writer shows the problems of Bachelor. The writer presents the merits and demerits of
bachelors.
The most painful thing in his life is his loneliness. He dies young like a one-called bird .He has
to dine at restaurant. That is why; he suffers from indigestion and stomach ulcer.
He is not understood by anyone in society. Different people look at him from different
angles. A young girl finds him as a possible catch and tries to entrap him.Another bachelor
considers him his worst rival .The Husband of a married woman regards him as a lucky person
as he is still free from the traps of a woman. Sometimes he considers him unlucky as he is
deprived of the warm passions of love of a woman.
No one entertains him readily. He is considered an extra man on the dining table and dinner
parties.
Sex is one of the major problems. Sex produces two kinds of bachelors .One is attractive
Marriage is another problem faced by a bachelor .He is for ever searching an ideal and
beautiful love .He eats sex stimulants ,follows the shadows and kisses the glasses.
Tolerance
(Annual 2016,2015,2003)
In this Essay Writer expresses the importance of Tolerance in our life. The writer also
describes the difference between the Love and Tolerance. This essay was written after end of
World 2nd War.
In this essay ,the writer expresses the importance of Tolerance in our life. The Writer says
that it is necessary for the reconstruction of civilization. He says that a sound state of mind is
important for the sound foundation of a civilization .Some people believe that state of mind
we need to rebuild civilization "love" .But writer disagrees with this idea. Love is indeed the
greatest of all things .It can do wonders in private life .But it does not work to bring nations,
countries or business organizations together.
The writer stresses that
"It (Tolerance) is the only force which will enables different races and classes to settle
down together to work for reconstruction."
He is the view that there are many people in the world whom we dislike for one reason or
the other. We can treat them in two ways. Either we should kill them or tolerate them. The
Writer says that we should treat them with tolerance. If we can do so, We can built a nation.
The Writer advices three ways to create this spirit of tolerance in us. Firstly, We should not be
touchy irritable and revengeful .Secondly, We should learn to put ourselves in the position of
our enemies to understand them. Thirdly, We should learn self-analysis instead of criticizing
others. We should look in our weaknesses and spot out fanaticism.
In this essay, the writer says that Tolerance is very important in every field of life. we can get
any success if we act upon on Tolerance .All the countries are facing many problems mostly
Pakistan and Third countries of World.
On Saying Please
(Annual 2018st,2002)
In this essay, writer gives us a message that there is nothing better than self-respect. The
writer expresses the manners by the example of Bus Conductor and Lift Operator.
In Every Day life, The most needed thing is Good manner .A man entered in the lift and said
"Top" While the lift operator demanded "Top Please" or not fulfilling his demand ,lift operator
threw him out of the lift.
In London, Every body wanted to travel those conductor who always keep joyful with his
passengers .Wise the author travel with that conductor. But he had no money at that time
.The bus conductor gave him ticket and treated in a good way. Fortunately ,the writer find out
some money and he paid to the conductor .But he impressed by his manner .In that bus every
one show good manner as the observe good manners.
Every Person learns manners to the others. Every Person should show good manners with
others .Manners are not a legal work. We should keep way our society from Bad manners.
“The pain of wound to our self-respect or our vanity may poison a whole day a Journey
with him was a lesson In natural courtesy and good manners”
in this essay, the writer stressed that
" The polite man may lose the material advantage, but he always has the spiritual victory
“
To Err is Human
(Annual 2014st)
It is very informative essay. The writer tells us the facts of computer. He description are
based on facts and figures. He says that computer is like a human brain. In fact, it is an
extended form of human brain .Computer also makes mistakes. But these mistakes are not
related to computer but to man who has invented it .Computer is used to keep record. Human
brain and computer can mistake. Both can calculate every thing .But Computer cannot work
without the help of man.
To error is Human and this is a positive quality not a negative quality. Animals do not have
this quality .As a result, there is no development, improvement and progress in their lives.
By the views of ,It is a God Gifted Quality. Because Man makes mistakes and learn from these
mistakes. The progress and development of this world owns to " trail and error" .Life offers
many choices and alternators to us .But we have to make many mistakes to reach the best
One.
Science and Values

(Annual 2017,2018,2004,2005)
This essay has been taken from Chapter 6 of the book 'Effect of Science on Society" written
by "Bertrand Russell".
Russel says that in the past, subsistence was very uncertain. People died of starvation
.Science developed agriculture and provided better chance of things to Man .It gave birth to
many evils .It caused slavery ,serfdom and increase in population .Science brought the
industrialism which decreased the hour of labor. It made food available to everyone .The
General Standard of living In Western Countries rose. He says that Prosperity can brought
through three things : Democracy, Trade-Unionism and birth control.
Discovery and growth of medicines is a great gift of science. It has controlled diseases. Infant
mortality has decreased from 80 to 34 per thousand and the general death rate is now 10.8
per thousand.
Man has controlled crimes with the help of science .Now we have street lighting, telephones
and police systems. We can detect crimes through finger printing and punishments.
Science Provides education to every one. Even University Education is free in America. Once ,
The writer happened to travel with a taxi-driver who was Ph.D.
Science has produced opportunities to work .We can work in mills, factories, fast moving
vehicles in the fields.
Scientific facilities have increased and spread happiness in the world. Now, People have
ample leisure hours to enjoy life
Fanaticisms very harmful to humanity. It hinders the way to free inquiry . It opposes
intellectual progress. Science can overcome fanaticism by rationalism and proper state of
mind.
Death Wish is the most troubling feature of modern times .People do not face the realities of
life and begin to wish for death. It has made man lazy and idle. Science can overcome this
thinking by the use of psychology and modern knowledge.
These evil passions block the way to progress .If man overcomes suspicion ,fear ,lust for
power, hatred and intolerance, he can make great progress.
Science is a gift for humanity .We should use it for the benefits of whole humanity. The
writer gives the stress on this sentence that
"There are certain things that our age needs ,and certain things that it should avoid"
Short Questions of Modern Essays

(Previous Papers of The Islamia University Bahawalpur)
Q.no1 : what is the meaning of freedom according to Liaqat Ali khan ? OR What is mean by
freedom? (Annual 2003,Annual 2012,Annual 2013,Annual 2017,Annual 2019)
Ans. According to the Liaqat Ali Khan, it means freedom from ignorance, freedom from want
and freedom from foreign domination.
Q.NO.2: What does the whistling of birds stand for? (Annual 2004,2nd Annual 2017)
Ans. whistling stands for life, activity, freshness and collective voices of birds it indicates the
start of new era.
Q.No.3: What is the moral of Essay “My tailor”? OR What is the theme of the essay "My
Tailor" ? (Annual 2015)
Ans . The moral is that we should try to know our nears ones. We should try to share their
grief and happiness seeing is not being .Appearness or often deceptive.
QNo. 4: What is the importance of gossip? (Annual 2015)
Ans: Gossip is very important in our social life. It brings the people closer to each other.
QNo. 5: What is the ratio of the Muslims and Hindus populations in indo –Pak
subcontinent? (Annual 2016)
Ans : There were Hundred Million Muslims and Three Hundred Millions Hindus in indo –Pak .
QNo.6: What do you now about the Stonehenge? OR What is mean by Stonehenge?
(Annual 2018)
Ans : Stonehenge is a place of worship for the sun worshipers of pre- historic times . It is a
high place made of twenty upright stones linked by lintel stones. They form a regular circular it
use served as on observatory in ancient times.
QNo.7: What do spring and winter symbolize?
Ans: Spring is the symbol of life and activity otherwise winter is the symbol of death and
destruction.
QNo. 8: How did the writer help the wounded in during nuclear explosion at Nagasaki ?
Ans : The writer cured the injured and helped those who were burn .
QNo.9: Described any two causes of rise in beauty expensive ? (1st Annual 2003,2nd Annual
2003,Annual 2005,Annual 2017)
Ans : 1: Women use artificial means to retain there beauty .
2: Woman use artificial means to attract others
QNo. 10 : What was the name of WB Yeast’s grandfather ? (1st Annual 2004, Annual 2012)
Ans: The name of the WB Yeast’s grandfather was William Pollexfin.
QNo. 11: What did space men leaves on the moon ? (1st & 2nd Annual 2002,Annual
2005,Annual 2017)
Ans : The space men left the following thing on the surface of the moon .1: Two plaques 2:
A falcon feather 3: A clover 4: A statue of man in space suit 5: A copy of Bible
QNo. 12 : When was the atom bomb dropped on Nagasaki ? (1st Annual 2002,2nd Annual
2002,Annual 2005,Annual 2016, Annual 2017)
Ans : The Atom bomb was dropped by Allied forces on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.
QNo. 13: What two types clothes were available with Stephan Leacock ‘s tailor ? (Annual
2015)
Ans : The tailor offered only two choices ; The Serge or Tweed .
QNo. 14: What are the chief water – soluble vitamins .
Ans : The chief water soluble vitamins are A ,D and E
QNo.15 : What are the two categories of vitamins ? (Annual 2004)
Ans : Two categories of vitamins are fat-soluble and water soluble vitamins .
QNo.16: Is tolerance a weakness ? (Annual 2004,Annual 2012,Annual 2014,Annual 2017)
Ans : No, Tolerance is not a weakness but a real strength because real strength lies in putting
up with others and forgiving them rather being kind to them .
QNo. `17: When did Liaqat Ali Khan visit USA? (Annual 2014)
Ans : Liaqat Ali Khan visited America in May ,1950.
QNo.18:When do the birds begin chirping and whistling ?
Ans : The birds begin chirping and whistling when the weather becomes warm with the start
of spring and the ice begins to melt new shoots appear on the trees life revives every where
QNo. 19: What is the doctoring according to Shaw ? (2nd Annual 2004)
Ans : Doctoring is the art of curing diseases and source of earning money , not keeping
people in good health .
QNo. 20: What is the beauty according to Huxley? (2nd Annual 2004)
Ans : According to the Huxley , manufacturing of cosmetics is called the beauty industry as it
involves much expense .
QNo.21: Where does according to the writer a person act best as host? (2nd Annual 2003)
Ans : When a person offers hospitality , he acts as a host and when a receives it , he acts as a
guest .
QNo. 22: How has science helped to minimize the crime? (1st Annual 2002,2nd Annual 2003)
Ans: To minimize the crimes, science has introduced street lighting, telephones and finger
prints etc.
QNo. 23: What was the main theme of the Liaqat Ali Khan’s speech?
Ans : Liaqat Ali Khan described the historical background of Pakistan . He said that Pakistan
aimed at promotions of peace democracy, economic development and the Islamic way of life .
He also clarified how America could help and guide Pakistan.
QNo. 24: What is the computer? (Annual 2002)
Ans : Computer is the machine which is the extension of the human brain it helps to solve
different problems .
QNo. 25: What Makes Huxley to use the term “the beauty industry “instead” cosmetics?
(Annual 2018)
Ans : Manufacturing of cosmetics is called beauty industry and cosmetics are the name of
products .So, The writer use it.
QNo. 26: What was the result of bomb blast? (Annual 2018)
Ans: As the result of bomb blast, whole city of Nagasaki was reduced in dust .
QNo. 27: From height Gloria Emerson drops? (Annual 2014)
Ans: She dropped from the height of 2300 feet.
QNo. 28 What are the social civilities? (Annual 2018)
Ans: Behaving politely and saying please are the social civilities.
QNo. 29 What was the duration of Solar Eclipse? (2nd Annual 2016,2nd 2017)
Ans: The duration of solar Ellipse was 24 seconds.
QNo. 30 What were the major problems of Bachelor?
Ans: Loneliness, health and sex problems are the major problem of bachelor.
QNo. 31 How did the spacemen move on the surface of moon?
Ans: The spacemen moved on the surface of moon with the help of Rover. Rover could run
six miles per hour through help of battery.
QNo. 32 When can human beings be truly beautiful? (Annual 2016)
Ans: Human beings can be truly beautiful if there is social justice in the society.
QNo. 33 Why can we not the doctor men of science?
Ans: According to Shaw, we can not call the doctors men of science because doctor does not
take part in science researches.
QNo. 34 How much the gravity on moon what were its effects? (Annual 2016)
Ans: The gravity on the surface of moon was one sixth of earth’s gravity. They could not walk
easily due to gravity.
QNo. 35 Why do some people trust on quacks?
Ans: Some people trust on quacks due to lack of education and their talks.
QNo. 36 What were Liaqat Ali Khan expectations from Western World? (Annual 2015)
Ans: Liaqat Ali Khan expected of the western world and America to share their great fund of
knowledge, skills and experiences.
QNo. 37 How can we get rid from the War? (Annual 2015)
Ans:We can get rid from the war through Table-Talk, Tolerance and our good manners.
QNo. 38 Can life and death exist together? (Annual 2015)
Ans:No, Life and death can exist together.
QNo.39 What is mean by Hypocenter? (Annual 2019)
Ans: Hypocenter is a major point where the atom bomb is dropped or the target.
QNo.40: Describes the kinds of Bachelors?
Ans: There are two kinds of bachelor. One is attractive, capable and efficient .The Other is
meeker and milder person who wishes to attract and marry a girl but never succeeds.
QNo.41 What is Rickets? (Annual 2002)
Ans: It is a children disease caused by lack of Vitamin D resulting in softening and deformity
of bones.
QNo.42: What is meant by Tolerance?
Ans: Tolerance means to bear with patience.
QNo.43: What is mean by Stonehenge? (Annual 2019)
Ans: It was a pre-historic place of sun worshipers. Stone was linked with each other.
QNo.44: What kind of Parachute had Istel designed? (Annual 2019)
Ans;
” Novel"
“The Old Man and The Sea”
By
“Earnest Hemingway”
(Annual 2019)
“The Old Man and The Sea” is one of Hemingway best work of literature. The story is
basically about Santiago’s self reflection the protagonist. This short work is usually simple on
surface but very puzzling deeper down. The story depicts a world in which the heroic and
trivial intermingle. Hemingway claimed to be writing as story about real fisherman , the real
sea and a real fish. This is the last novel of Hemingway. This novel was awarded by Nobel Prize
after the publication of two years. There are different themes of that novel like Human
courage ,Human Struggle ,Heroism, Optimism and accomplishment.
Life is not a bed of roses. Life is constant battle which needs courage and patience. but critics
differ on theme and massage of the novel. Van Wycle Brookes and Max Wel Griesmar say that
Hemingway denies life in his writings. Man is caught up among the hostile forces and thus
defeat becomes his lot. But we do not agree with these critics. They have presented
Hemingway as a writer of despair. They have overlooked positive values of life which the
author has stressed. Hemingway makes the reader inculcate the lesson of man’s greatness.
The world around Santiago is changing. His physical body is changed but his determination
keeps him young. The rays of hope and courage are seen in his eyes. He remains without any
fish for 84 days. But he does not lose his heart . His little companion is compelled to leave him.
Still he maintains his courage. He hopes to catch a big fish some day or other.
A careful study of the novel shows that its theme is man greatness. It is full of the message of
hope ,courage and continuous struggle .Author shows that To get something is not a success .
In fact, Continuous struggle is a real success. Santiago kills a big fish after the 48 hours
struggle. He kills it, lashes it alongside of his skiff and sets sail to his home. On the way, sharks
attack his fish He fights with the sharks and kills many of them .In his fight, he loses all his
weapons. He is not ready to surrender . He becomes blind in darkness. The sharks eat up the
whole flesh of fish.
He faces the odds of life with grace. Although loses the marlin yet he gets moral victory. He
uses all his force to get his goal. His struggle shows his an embodiment of bear . He is never
ready to submit before the odds of life. When he kills the first shark , he strikes the key note “
But Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroy but not defeated”
We can conclude that Even his physical defeat does not make him sad. His hopes are young.
His spirit is alert and indomitable . He is ready to go on any such expeditions. Hence, The end
of novel with the note of “ Hope” and the message of “ Courage , Determination and
continuous struggle ”
Symbolism
Symbolism:
The representation of ideas by use of symbols is called symbolism. A symbol is something
that represents something else by resemblance.”The Old Man and the Sea “ is a symbolic
novel. This novel symbolizes that human hope cannot be crushed by curel forces of Nature.
There are certain characters, thing and incidents in the novel that symbolize something.
The Old Man:
The Old Man in the novel symbolizes Man in general. Man’s life is a constant struggle against
verious forces. Man has also the power to face them. Same is the case with Old Man. He gives
us the Universal Message of Hope.
Manolin:
Manolin is name of a boy in the novel. The boy is the symbol of lost youth of The Old Man.
During his fight with the marlin and sharks ,the old man faces a dangerous condition. At this
time ,he wishes to have Manolin with him. The thoughts of Manolin gives him strength and
courage. It reminds him his own youth days. He says" The boys keeps me alive"
The Sea:
The sea in the novel is the symbol of life. It is full of joys and sorrows. It is curel as well as
kind. It has own attraction and own challenges. Santiago compares it with a woman who is
sometimes happy and sometimes angry. He believes that the method of woman and sea are
affected by the changes in the moon.
The Marlin:
The marlin is the symbol of human desires for the fulfillment of which he is ready to sacrifice
everything. The desire attained with great effort cannot be lost so easily. The Old Man attains
the desire of his life by catching the marlin. The journey towards the fulfillment of desire is full
of dangers and difficulties. But he does not show any reluctance in his struggle.
The Sharks:
The sharks in this Novel are a symbol of the forces of Nature. Man has fight against these
forces all his life. Continuous Struggle is real Success, A man does not depend on victory or
defeat.
The Baseball:
The description of the baseball is used as symbol. The baseball champion De Maggio ,is
Santiago's ideal. Santiago wants to organise and control his fishing like the baseball game of
De Maggio. By getting victory over the marlin and sharks, He wants to show his capability and
skill in his own field. The baseball also symbolizes Santiago's desire for human friendship and
cooperation.
The Lion:
During his fight with the marlin and sharks, Santiago dreams of Affrication Lions. The lions
are symbol of pride ,power and action. They revive Santiago's pride and power to defeat the
marlin and sharks. They make him strong ,youthful and happy.
Santiago's Character
Santiago is the main character of this Novel. He plays very important role in this Novel. He is
an old and thin fellow with wrinkles in the back of his neck. He has brown spot on his face.
There are deep scars on his hands caused by the tight lines. I can discuss his character as
under:
1.His Determination:
Santiago is a resolute and determined fellow. He remains without a fish for 84 days. But he
never gives up struggle. Then he kills gigantic fish after 48 hours struggle but he loses it .Still he
stands victorious in the sense that he never yields to the sharks. He believes “A man can be
destroy but not defeated”
2.A Skilled Person:
Although he is a professional fisher man .yet he is something more than it. Manolin says that
he is an idealist to him. fishing is not a source of making money but a way of life. He knows
many tricks. He believes in skill rather than lack. He has correct knowledge of the sea. He
observed the behavior of the Marlin very deeply.
3.A Kind Fellow:
He is a kind fellow. He shows his love for the sea creature. He creates his relation with Marlin
and says marlin brother and friend. He feels kindness and sympathy. Even he feels sorry for
the birds. He feels pity for the fish who kill by men.
4.A Optimist:
Santiago is very staunch optimist. He remains hopeful whole the day. He catches a big fish
after work hard. When he fights with sharks he does not stop the struggle. In his struggle, he
does not lose his heart. He does not feel sad when he loses the fish.
5.Concept of Religious:
Santiago is not a staunch religious person. But He believes in ALLAH. He promises to go on
Hajj after the catching of fish. He prays to ALLAH for help. He is a honest Person.
6.Humorous:
He has a good sense of humorous. He creates humorous on different conditions. He talks
with birds. He makes fun with fish. He also address with his hand humorously.
At the end , we can say that he has a good character.
Short Questions of Novel

(The Old Man and The Sea)
(Previous Papers of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
Q.No. 1 : what was the length of the fish-line that the old man had ?
Ans : The length of fish-line was 1800 F .
QNo. 2: While going his shack , how many time did Santiago stop on the way ?
Ans : While going his shack , he stopped five times on way .
QNo. 3: What was the permanent habit of the old man ? (Annual 2012,Annual 2014,Annual
2015,Annual 2016,Annual 2017)
Ans: The permanent habit of the old man was of talking to himself , the big fish , the birds
and remembering the boy .
QNo. 4: What was the weight of the marlin ?
Ans : The weight of the marlin was 1500 pounds.
QNo. 5: What do shark symbolize ?
Ans: Shark of the symbol of hostile forces at the see.
QNo. 6: What was the length of the marlin/fish ? (Annual 2004,Annual 2015)
Ans : The length of marlin was 18 feet
QNo. 7 : Why did the old man talk to himself ?
Ans : The old man talked to himself to finish his loneliness .
QNo. 8: Tell the name of shark that attacked the marlin first ? (Annual 2005)
Ans : It was mako shark that attacked the marlin first .
QNo.9: Why did the old man remember De Maggio most of time ? OR Who was De
Maggio? (Annual 2002,Annual 2005 ,Annual 2016)
Ans : De MAggio was the best player of Base-Ball game. The old man remembered De
Maggio most of time because his name was a source of inspiration and energy for him .
QNo. 10: What was the boys estimate of the old man as a fisherman ? (Annual
2002,Annual 2005)
Ans : The boy considered the old man as the best fisher man who had many tricks and had
great admiration .
QNo. 11: What was the name of the boy who helped the old man ?
Ans : The name the boy who helped the old man was Menolin
QNo. 12:How much time did the old man take to kill the fish ? (Annual 2002, Annual
2004,Annual 2012,Annual 2014,Annual 2016)
Ans: It took him 48 hours to kill the fish .
QNo. 13 : Which bird did the old man see flying in the sky? (Annual 2018)
The old man saw seagulls flying in the sky .
QNo. 14: Which fish did Santiago catch to eat while on the sea ?
Ans: Santiago catch tune fish to eat while on the see .
QNo. 15: Where did the old man live when he caught the fish .
Ans : The old man lived in a village near Pavana , the capital of Cuba .
QNo. 16: For How many days did the fish keep pulling the boat ?
Ans: The fish kept pulling the boat for two days .
QNo. 17: What did the fisher man call the old man when the old man could not catch any
fish for many days ? (Annual 2004)
Ans : The fisherman began to call to him Slaco or unlucky when he could not catch any fish
many days.
QNo.18: Why was the Santiago sorry on the killing of marlin ?
Ans: He was sorry on the pulling of marlin because he had great love for the see and its
creature
QNo. 19: How did the old man lie in the hit when he returned ?
Ans : When he returned , he lay down with his face downward on the newspaper . The
palms of his hands turned up words and the arms out stretched .
QNo. 20: What was the nationality of Santiago ? (Annual 2002,2003)
Ans: In youth he lived in Casablanca . When he caught the fish he lived in a village near
Havana .
QNo. 21: What was the result between the old man and the sharks? (Annual 2002,Annual
2003)
Ans: As a result of fight between the old man and shark , the old man lost his harpoon , knife
, club , oars, and even marlin .
QNo. 22: What memorable incident the Old Man recall while being on the Sea? (Annual
2018)
Ans: While going on the Sea, The Old Man recalled the hand-game with Negro whom he
defeated.
QNo. 23: What was the relationship between Old Man and The Boy? (Annual 2018)
Ans: The relationship between them was very passionate and spiritual one.It was that of
teacher and a pupil ,a father and adopted son.
QNo. 24: Write down the name of Author? (Annual 2017)
Ans: “Earnest Hemingway” is the writer of this Novel. It was published in 1952.
QNo. 25: Which was The Old Man’s Favorite game? (Annual 2017)
Ans: Base-Ball was the favorite game of The Old Man.
QNo. 26: Who was The Old Man favorite player in Base-Ball? (Annual 2012, 2017)
Ans: Di Maggio was The Old Man favorite player in Base-Ball.
QNo. 27:Name the fish that The Old Man hooked? (Annual 2016,Annual 2017)
Ans: The fish that The Old Man hooked was named Marlin.
QNo. 28: What was Old Man moral Philosophy? (Annual 2016)
Ans: The Old man presents the lesson of Determination, Struggle and hope for humanity.
QNo. 29: Why did the Old Man tie the big fish with boat? (Annual 2015)
Ans: Because The Old man tied the big fish to sell it . He wanted to get money .
Qno.30: Why did the Old Man fall in the boat? (Annual 2014)
Ans: The old fell in the boat because he tired the fish-line with himself and fish was pulling .
Qno.31: Why did the Old Man feel that fish is killing him? (Annual 2003,Annual 2014)
Ans: The fish was pulling him and the old man injured during this. Therefore he felt this
Qno.32: Whom did the Old Man defeat in Hand game? (Annual 2013)
Ans: The Old Man defeated Negro in Hand game.
Qno.33: Who was Manolin Favorite Player? (Annual 2013)
Ans: Dick Cecil was the favorite player of Manolin.
QNo.34: Give the description of Old Man’s Shack? (Annual 2015)
Ans:
QNo.35: What does Sky symbolize in the Novel? (Annual 2016)
Ans: Sky is the symbol of Hope and Height.
QNo.36: What does Salao mean? (Annual 2019)
Ans:
QNo.37:Why did Santiago call the Sea “La mar”? (Annual 2019)
Ans:
Correction
Exercises From Past Papers
Q: Rewrite the passage with correction of grammer Marks:10
Exercise No.1 (Annual 2002, 2nd Annual 2003)
Smoking is a pernicious work. Once this habit is formed .It is very difficult to enjoy this
enjoyable poison. However, there are some principles and methods which can help a smoker
learn smoking. The smoker should go ahead of any break such as illness, fasting in the normal
way of life. He should cut at the quantity of tobacco progressively.
1.a) Advantages b) Enjoyment c) Habit d) Routine of life
2. a) To take rid of b) to get rid of c) develop d) to progress
3. a) Stop smoking b) Chain smoking c) Enjoy smoking d) Intoxicating
4. a) Take interest of b) Take advantages c) Look into of d) go into
5. a) Keep up with b) Increase c) Cut in d) Cut down
Answers: Smoking is a pernicious habbit. Once this habit is formed .It is very difficult to get
rid of this enjoyable poison. However, there are some principles and methods which can help
a smoker stop smoking. The smoker should take advantages of any break such as illness,
fasting in the normal way of life. He should cut down the quantity of tabacco progressively.
Exercise No.2 (2nd Annual 2002, 2nd Annual 2015)

In spite of all our efforts we could not did well in the examination. Some of us who were
good in English did secure even a second class. But those who were deficient in its knowledge
could not secured even a third class. We started hard work. Afterall there is no substitute of
hard work.
1.a) cannot do well b) could not do well c) could not done well
2. a) good with English b) good at English c) good of English
3. a) could not secure b) can not secure c) could secure not
4. a) after all b) after-all c) afterall
5. a) substitute with b) substitute to c) substitute at
Answers:In spite of all our efforts we could not do well in the examination. Some of us who
were good in English did secure even a second class. But those who were deficient in its
knowledge could not secure even a third class. We started hard work. After all there is no
substitute to hard work.
Exercise No.3 (Annual 2003)
Universal Education should be awarded on revolutionary basis. The alliterate adults in an
country should be able to write letter and to read news papers and should be able to
understand social and national problem.
1.a) given b) supplied c) gained
2. a) the all illiterate b) all the illiterate c) Educated
3. a) The b) a c) Each
4. a) letters b) correspondence c) a letters
5. a) problems b) demands c) problematic
Answers: Universal Education should be given on revolutionary basis. The alliterate adults in
the country should be able to write letters and to read news papers and should be able to
understand social and national problems.
Exercise No.4 (1st Annual 2004,2nd Annual 2010)
Hope breed interest that eventually leads to commitment. After hope interest is equally
necessary for the keep up for human. Breed might save the body from decaying. But a
genuine in life save the soul from disintegration. To live with the feeling of interest is like
vegetation without aim.
1.a) bred b) breeding c) breeds
2. a) keeping up b) up keep of c) to keep up
3. a) will save b) can save c) saves
4. a) saved b) will save c) saves
5. a) on b) without c) with
Answers: Hope breeds interest that eventually leads to commitment. After hope interest is
equally necessary for the up keep for human. Breed can save the body from decaying. But a
genuine in life saves the soul from disintegration. To live without the feeling of interest is like
vegetation without aim.
Exercise No.5 (2nd Annual 2004)
The government declare that it will move a bill in the national assembly for the restoration of
Woman's seats in the assemblies. In doing so it has final responded to long undue pressing
policy step that it promises to the nation during 1993 election campaign ,but which it has
been fought shy of taking for one expedient reason or the other.
1.a) declared b) declare c) has/had declared
2. a) women's seats b) seats of women c) seats for women
3. a) the final b) at last c) at the final
4. a) out due b) under due c) over due
5. a) promised b) has promised c) will promised
6. a) has fought b) had fought c) has been fighting
Answers: The government declares that it will move a bill in the national assembly for the
restoration of Women's seats in the assemblies. In doing so it has final responded to long at
last pressing policy step that it promised to the nation during 1993 election campaign ,but
which it has been fighting shy of taking for one expedient reason or the other.
Exercise No.6 (1st Annual 2005,1st Annual 2008,1st Annual 2010)
The good citizen must be a friend of law and order. He must strains every nerve in putting
up crimes and eradicating the forces of disorder and disruption that ravage the country. He
must assist the government in bringing the Law breakers to law. Criminals must be making to
feel that they have, not only the police, but also all respectable citizens behind them.
1.a) strained b) strain c) had strained d) was strained
2. a) down b) under c) off d) for
3. a) police b) court c) jail d) book
4. a) make b) made c) was made d) had made
5. a) for b) with c) against d) at
Answers: The good citizen must be a friend of law and order. He must strain every nerve in
putting down crimes and eradicating the forces of disorder and disruption that ravage the
country. He must assist the government in bringing the book breakers to law. Criminals must
be made to feel that they have, not only the police, but also all respectable citizens against
them.
Science has brought very changes in the world today. It uses in all corners of the world for
the benefit of man. The motor-car or the electric lam that we use today were not known to
the people which lives a few generations before.
1.a) a lot of b) very much c) many
2. a) used b) is used c) is changed
3. a) is b) was c) will
4. a) who lived b) who lives c) as lived
5. a) ahead b) nearly c) ago
Answers: Science has brought many changes in the world today. It is used in all corners of
the world for the benefit of man. The motor-car or the electric lam that we use today was not
known to the people who lived a few generations ago.
Exercise No. 8 (1st Annual 2006,2nd Annual 2017)
Our National poet Iqbal was a great philosopher and a sage. He had offered the idea of
Pakistan in 1930.The people of those times considered it as a poet's dream. At last, Quaid-e-
Azam succeeed to materialize the idea.
1.a) one sage b) a sage c) sage d)wise
2. a) had presented b) offered c) presented d) was presented
3. a) these times b) those days c) that time d) those ages
4. a) for a poet's dream b) a poet's dream c) to be a poet's dream d) poet's dream
5. a) succeeded for materialize b) succeeded to materializing
c) succeeded in materialize d) succeeded in materializing
Answers: Our National poet Iqbal was a great philosopher and sage. He presented the idea
of Pakistan in 1930.The people of that time considered it a poet's dream. At last, Quaid-e-
Azam succeeed to materializing the idea.
For three hours you have been playing upon the piano and I have not asked you to stop the
music. At first I enjoyed as I listened to fine tunes. But now I am really in no mood to listen.
Please stop it forthwith and let me prepare the examination. You remember last year you
were giving your examination. When the tape-recorded was disturbing you. I readily stooped
it.
1.a) enjoyed myself b) enjoyed with c) enjoyed for d) enjoyed on

2. a) preparing for b) preparing on c) prepare for d) prepare of
3. a) offering b) taking c) proposing d) preparing
4. a) tape-recorded b) tape-recording c) tape-record d) tape-recorder
5. a) held b) turned it of c) turned it on d) turned it off
Answers: For three hours you have been playing upon the piano and I have not asked you to
stop the music. At first I enjoyed myself I listened to fine tunes. But now I am really in no
mood to listen. Please stop it forthwith and let me prepare for the examination. You
remember last year you were taking your examination. When the tape-recorder was
disturbing you. I readily turned it off.
In this sad situation, I was ready to die of grief. I cry out in angry. beat my head and breast
and threw oneself upon the ground. where I laid sometime overwhelmed of a rushing current
of thoughts.
1.a) die for b) die out c) die by d) die with

2. a) crying b) will cry c) cried d) did cry
3. a) yourself b) myself c) himself d) our self
4. a) lay b) lied c) may lay
5. a) by b) without c) with
Answers: In this sad situation, I was ready to die with grief. I cried out in angry. beat my
head and breast and threw myself upon the ground. where I lay sometime overwhelmed with
a rushing current of thoughts.
Exercise No.11 (2nd Annual 2007,1st Annual 2013,1st Annual 2014)
It is adversity that gives exercise to all our faculties and enables us to grapple difficulties in a
brave and bold manner .In adversity, a man develops the habit of facing his difficulties, and
fight with them courageously. Fortitude and firmness naturally comes to him and it is
adversity that teach him the heroic lessons of self-help, resistance , firmness and
perseverance.
1.a) who b) that c) as d) which

2. a) grapple in b) grapple with c) grappled d) grapple to
3. a) fought b) will fight c) fighting d) fights
4. a) came b) will come c) come d) can come
5. a) taught b) teaches c) has taught d) will teach
Answers: It is adversity Which gives exercise to all our faculties and enables us to grapple
with difficulties in a brave and bold manner .In adversity, a man develops the habit of facing
his difficulties, and fighting with them courageously. Fortitude and firmness naturally come to
him and it is adversity that teaches him the heroic lessons of self-help, resistance , firmness
and perseverance.
Eighty percent people of Pakistan live in village. They lead a simple life. Their houses are
most mud-plastered. Only few are made of red bricks. Most of the streets in villages are wide
dirty and muddy. There are no drainage system in villages. Outside the villages we can see
heaps of garbage and pond of fresh water.
1.a) cities b) town c) villages d) cottages

2. a) very b) mostly made of c) not d) rarely
3. a) the few b) a few c) a little d) the little
4. a) straight b) narrow c) paved d) uneven
5. a) spoiled b) clean c) stagnant d) cool
Answers: Eighty percent people of Pakistan live in villages. They lead a simple life. Their
houses are mostly made of mud-plastered. Only a few are made of red bricks. Most of the
streets in villages are uneven dirty and muddy. There are no drainage system in villages.
Outside the villages we can see heaps of garbage and pond of stagnant water.
Exercise No.13 (1st Annual 2009)
Science has already conferred an immense boon for mankind by the growth of medicine. In
the eighteenth century people expect most of their children to die before they were grown up.
Improvement began at the beginning of nineteenth century, chiefly due to vaccination. It
continues ever since and still continuing.
1.a) at b) over c) on d) with

2. a) had been expected b) will expect c) expected d) were expected
3. a) nineteen b) the nineteen c) the nineteenth d) a nineteenth
4. a) due of b) with a view of c) owing to d) according to
5. a) will continue b) has continue c) continues d) will have been continuing
Answers: Science has already conferred an immense boon on mankind by the growth of
medicine. In the eighteenth century people expected most of their children to die before they
were grown up. Improvement began at the beginning of The nineteenth century, chiefly
Owing to vaccination. It has continued ever since and still continuing.
In 711 A.C Tariq with an army of 7000 Muslims landed on the south of Spain near a rock. The
rock was then call ”Lion’s Rock” but now it is named Gibraltar means “The Rock of Tariq”.
Tariq knew that this small force would have to fight Roderick’s large army. He reordered his
men to burn the boats who had brought them to the coast. Then, he addressed his men,”
Friends , we are in a foreign land .Soon we shall have to faced the large army of the King of
Span. As we have burnt our boats and cannot go back home. We must fight bravely and defeat
the enemy or race the death. We are soldiers of Allah (Jala Jalalu Ho) .We had just cause and
Allah may please us mercy.
1.a) calling b) named c) called d) naming

2. a) as b) which c) whom d) because they
3. a) face b) to be faced c) facing d) have faced
4. a) has b) will have c) may have d) have
5. a) give b) bless c) grant d) award
Answers: In 711 A.C Tariq with an army of 7000 Muslims landed on the south of Spain near a
rock. The rock was then called ”Lion’s Rock” but now it is named Gibraltar means “The Rock of
Tariq”. Tariq knew that this small force would have to fight Roderick’s large army. He
reordered his men to burn the boats which had brought them to the coast. Then, he
addressed his men,” Friends , we are in a foreign land .Soon we shall have to face the large
army of the King of Span. As we have burnt our boats and cannot go back home. We must fight
bravely and defeat the enemy or race the death. We are soldiers of Allah (Jala Jalalu Ho) .We
have just cause and Allah may grant us mercy.
Alone Materialism is incapable of providing happiness. It makes us more comfortable but
less happier It is the vision of a spiritualist that relieves us from all our physical ills. It is the
vision of a poet that providing an escape from the world of sorrow where there is no such
vision ,the people bound to perish.
1.a) materialism b) materialism only c) materialism alone d) matter

2. a) little happy b) small happy c) less happy d) more happy
3. a) with b) of c) off d) to
4. a) can provided b) had provided c) provides d) being provides
5. a) is bound b) was bound c) bind d) are bound
Answers: Materialism alone is incapable of providing happiness. It makes us more
comfortable but less happy It is the vision of a spiritualist that relieves us of all our physical ills.
It is the vision of a poet that provides an escape from the world of sorrow where there is no
such vision ,the people are bound to perish.
The camels eat grains and the green leafs of trees,plants and thorny bushes. Baby camels
are called colts. They are sucked by mother since about one year .When they are four years
old,they could be used for riding or carry burden. They are also use for drawing carts .Camel-
drawn carts are common site in Karachi.
1.a) leaf b) lives c) leave d) leaves

2. a) suck b) sucked c) sucking d) suckle
3. a) for b) nearly c) almost d) over
4. a) carried b) will carry c) carrying d) for carrying
5. a) site b) cite c) site d) sight
Answers: The camels eat grains and the green leaves of trees,plants and thorny bushes.
Baby camels are called colts. They are suckled by mother for about one year .When they are
four years old,they could be used for riding or carrying burden. They are also use for drawing
carts .Camel-drawn carts are common sight in Karachi.
Such a long-long winter and the frost broken yesterday. Yet it seem already, we may not
remember it. It is strangely remote like a for-off darkness. It is as usual as dream in the night.
This is a morning of reality when we are ourselves.
1.a) broke b) will break c) breaks d) break

2. a) seems b) seemed c) be seen d) seem
3. a) will not remember b) remember c) can’t remember d) should not remember
4. a) the far-off b) a far-off c) a far-of d) a far-off
5. a) a morning b) the morning c) as morning d) like morning
Answers: Such a long-long winter and the frost broken yesterday. Yet it seem already, we
may not remember it. It is strangely remote like a for-off darkness. It is as usual as dream in
the night. This is a morning of reality when we are ourselves.
Bone-Setters make fortune under the very eyes of our great surgeons from educated and
wealthy students and some of the most successful doctors on the register use quite heretical
method of treating disease, and have qualified themselves sole for convenience .Leaving out
of account the village witches which prescribes spells and sell charms, the humblest
professional healers in this country is the herbalists.
1.a) sight b) nose c) noses d) site

2. a) people b) doctors c) patients d) persons
3. a) soul b) solely c) sale d) sail
4. a) that b) this c) those d) who
5. a) has b) are c) had d) have been
Answers: Bone-Setters make fortune under the very noses of our great surgeons from
educated and wealthy patients and some of the most successful doctors on the register use
quite heretical method of treating disease, and have qualified themselves solely for
convenience .Leaving out of account the village witches who prescribes spells and sell charms,
the humblest professional healers in this country are the herbalists.
Since, three hours you have been playing the piano and I have not asked you to stop the
music. At first ,I enjoyed as I listened to the fine tune .But now, I am really in no mood to
listen.Please stop it immediate and let me prepare for examination.You remember, last year
you were giving your examination when tap-record was disturbing you I readily stopped it.
1.a) during b) for c) as long as d) in

2. a) got pleasure b) felt happy c) enjoyed myself d) felt pleased
3. a) without delay b) urgantly c) immediately d) just now
4. a) appearing in b) trying c) taking d) going for
5. a) tap-recorder b) the tap-recorder c) the song d) the music
Answers: For three hours you have been playing the piano and I have not asked you to
stop the music. At first ,I enjoyed myself as I listened to the fine tune .But now, I am really in
no mood to listen.Please stop it immediately and let me prepare for examination.You
remember, last year you were taking your examination when tap-recorder was disturbing you
I readily stopped it.
I was still dark , when he wake and ,look up .he could not see the stars through the half-
destroyed roof. I wanted to sleep little longer ,he thought .He had same dream that night a
week ago. And once again he had awakened before it end. He arose and ,taking up his crook
,began to awaken the sheep that still sleep.
1.a) awake b) awakened c) wake up d) awoke

2. a) look up b) look after c) looking up d) look down
3. a) very little b) a little c) too little d) a few
4. a) ended b) ends c) ending d) is ending
5. a) sleeping b) slept c) is sleeping d) has been sleeping
Answers: I was still dark , when he awoke and ,looked up .he could not see the stars through
the half-destroyed roof. I wanted to sleep a little longer ,he thought .He had same dream that
night a week ago. And once again he had awakened before it ends. He arose and ,taking up his
crook ,began to awaken the sheep that still sleeping.
The Industrial fairs became a part of our social set up and beside promoting the interests of
industry , they have also become the centers of social gatherings. If the government might pay
a bit more attention to make them attractive ,there fairs prove of immense importance for
the development for industry in our country.
1.a) will become b) have become c) became d) becoming

2. a) besides of b) beside of c) besides d) by the side of
3. a) pays b) paid c) will be paid d) had paid
4. a) proved b) have proved c) had proved d) will prove
5. a) development under b) development in c) development of d) development
Answers: The Industrial fairs have become a part of our social set up and besides promoting
the interests of industry , they have also become the centers of social gatherings. If the
government pays a bit more attention to make them attractive ,there fairs will prove of
immense importance for the development of industry in our country.
We come round a bend in the track and there, to our surprise ,be Vance. He sit at the side of
fast stream of water which pour over the track ,and it evidently hold him up.
1.a) had come b) were coming c) came d) to come

2. a) is b) was c) has d) will
3. a) sat b) had sat c) had been sitting d) was sitting
4. a) poured b) was pouring c) will pour d) has been pouring
5. a) had held b) was held c) had been held d) will be held
Answers: We come round a bend in the track and there, to our surprise ,be Vance. He sit at
the side of fast stream of water which pour over the track ,and it evidently hold him up.
A player has to struggle hard to become famous. He may face defeat a number of time. Yet
,if he has courage ,he goes on making efforts to play better. He may begin winning matches
and become star. Defeat does not mean failing. We should make our minds to play in the best
ways without doubting.
a)Occasions b) turns c) times d) places
a)a star b) a sun c) the sun d) a moon
a) ending b) giving c) failure d) withdrawal
a)guide b) make up c) make out d) make certain
a) some doubt b) any doubt c) doubting anything d) having doubts
Answers: A player has to struggle hard to become famous. He may face defeat a number of
times.Yet ,if he has courage ,he goes on making efforts to play better. He may begin winning
matches and become a star. Defeat does not mean failure. We should make up our minds to
play in the best ways without any doubt.
Quotes for Essays of B.A/B.Sc

(Rivewed by:Syed Abu Bakr Shah (M.Phil English) & Mam Misbah Khan (M.A English & TFEL)
(Written By: Adnan Khalid & Umair Jan)
1. My Aim in Life
(Annual 2017st,2015st)
“Hitch your wagon to star” (Emerson)
“a point or direct (a weapon or camera) at a target ,having the invention of achieving”
(Oxford Dictionary)
“Choose the job you love and you will never have to work a day in your life” (Confuxious)
“Aim higher, stay focused” (B.Adams)
“Great Ambition is the passion of a good character” (Napoleon)
“I am not a teacher but an awaker” (Robert Frost)
“Education is the turning of the inner eye towards light”(Plato)
2. Science For Man/Comforts of Science

“Nothing shocks me ,I’m a scientist” (Hamson Ford)
“Science is the gift for humanity ,we should not distort it.” (Abdul Kalam)
“Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life. (I.Kant)
“Every Science begins as philosophy and ends as art. (Will Durant)
“Science, in the very act of solving problems creates more of them” (Abraham Flexner)
3.Use and Misuse of Mobile Phone

(Annual 2018st,2017st,2017nd)
“Mobile means something capable of moving or being moved readily.” (John.F.Mitch)
“Home is where the heart is ,but today, the phone is where the heart is! (R.Cabral)
“Cell phones are the latest invention in rudeness” (Terri Guillemets)
“AS long as you have a cell phone you’re never alone” (S.V.Paskavich)
“Man should never work for machine, Machine should work for man.”
(Amit Kalantri)
“40% cells taken from Mobile phone users show DNA damage” (Indian General of Human
Genetics)
4.Corruption
(Annual 2018st,2017st,2017nd)
“Bribe-giver and bribe-taker are both domed for hell.”
(The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W ))
“Money is truthful, if a man speaks of his honor, make him pay cash”
(Robert A Heinlein)
“Corruption is just another form of tyranny” (Joe Biden)
“Corruption is simply crime without conscience” (George Richard Marek)
“Corruption wins not more than honesty” (William Shakespeare)
“The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by those who watch them
without doing anything.” (Albert Einstein)
“Those who fight corruption should be clean themselves.” (Vladimir Putin)
5.Democracy
(Annual 2015st)
“Democracy disciplined and enlightend is the the finest thing in the world” (Quaid-e-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (R.A))
“Democracy works when people claim it as their own” (Bill Mayer)
“Democracy is not the law of majority but the protection of minority”
(Albert Camus)
“Democracy is the best revenge”
“Democracy is the form of charming”
6.Unemployment
(Annual 2013st)
“Unemployment is capltalism’s way of getting you to plant a garden” (Orson Scott Cord)
“Mind Unemployment is mind unjoyment” (Cnristian Novell)
“You can take my life when you take the means where by I live”(William Shakespeare)
7.Energy Crisis in Pakistan/World
“The struggle you’re in today is developing the strength you need tomorrow” (Robert Tew)
“A crisis is a terrible thing to waste “ (Paul Romer)
“ There is no energy crisis, only crisis of ignorance” (R.B Fuller)
“ Our National security depends upon energy security” (Tom Alen)
Energy Sources of Pakistan
• Electricity 15.3%
• Natural Gas 43.5%
• Oil /Petroleum 29.0%
• Liquid Petrol Gas 1.5%
Current Hydro Power Stations of Pakistan
• Terbela Dam 3,478 Mega Watt
• Ghazi Brotha Dam 1400 Mega Watt
• Mangla Dam 1000 Mega Watt
• Wasak 240 Mega Watt
• Chashma 184 Mega Watt
8.Terrorism
(Annual 2015st,2014nd)
“And donot aggress Allah dislikes the aggessors” (The Holy Quran 5:87)
“Terrorism has no nationality or religion”
“In violence,we forget who are we”
“You shall resort to pardon ,advocate ,tolerance and disregard the ignorant”
(The Holy Quran 7:199)
"Disright murder of any person is the murder of all humanity.
(The Holy Prophet Muhammad S.A.W)
9.My Hero in History

(Annual 2017nd,2015st,2014nd)
“A person who is admired for having done something very brave or having achieved
something great”.(Combridge Advanced Learners)
“A hero is a man who can does what he can.”(Romaine Rolland)
“True heroism consists in being superior to the ills of life in whenever Shape .They may
challenge us to combot” (Napoleon)
“A man of courage is also full of faith.”(Cicero)
“To have no faith is worse than slavery” (Allama Iqbal)
“I lead no party ,I follow no leader.I have given the best party of my life to the carefull study
of Islam”(Dr Allama Iqbal)
"A poet is born, not made"
Empty of concord is the soul Europe

Whose civilization to no Makkah bends
(Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal (R.A)
“A hero is some who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself”
(Joseph Comphell)
10.Woman Place in Islam/Society/World

"Women have the same rights in relation to their husbands " (The Holy Quran)
"Treat them politely " (The Holy Quran)
"Praidse is under feet of Mother"
(The Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W))
"Give me a good mothers I will give you a good nation" (Napolean)
"You educate a man ; you educate a man, you educate a woman ; you educate a generation"
(Brigham Young)
"If women didn't exist, all the money in the world would have no meaning" (Aristotle
Onassis)
" Women are made to be loved ,not understood" (Oscar Wilde)
"Women are wiser than men because they know less and understand more" (James Thurbr)
11.Computer
(Annual 2014st)
"The computer was born to solve problems that did not exist before " (Bill Gates)
12.Water Crisis in World/Pakistan

(Annual 2019st)
"Water is the soul of Earth" ( W. H. Auden)
"In every drop of water , there is a story of life " (Leena Arif)
" Water is the driver of Nature" (Leonardo da Vinci)
"Water is the lifeblood of our bodies ,our economy, our nation and our well-being" (Stephen
Johnson)
"Pure Water is the world's first and foremost medicine" (Slovaklan Proverb)
"Thousands have lived without love, not one without water" (W.H.Auden)
"If the earth is mother then rivers are her veins" (Amit Kalantri)
13.College Life/Pleasure of College days

(Annual 2017nd,Annual 2019)
14.Technical Education
“Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.” (John Dewey)
“Reading maketh a full man; writing an exact man and conference a ready man” (Bacon)
“The Industrial revolution in the new century is a scientific and technical revolution” (Kim
Jongun)
“If there is no struggle, there is no progress” (Frederick Douglass)
“The Science of today is the technology is the technology of tomorrow” (Edward Teller)
15.Kashmir Issue
"Without resolving kashmir dispute,lasting peace cannot be maintained in the region"
(Shehbaz Sharif )
"There is no substitute for freedom"
Multi Essay
1.Unemployment 2. Inflation 3.Over population 4.Terrorism 5.Bribery 6.Load shedding
7.Black marketing 8.Hypocrisy 9.Favoritism 10.Suicide Attacks 11.Misuse of mobiles
12.Smoking 13.Corruption 14.Smuggling 15. Drug Addiction
'' Global defame is one of bad effects

Restlessness may increase in the Society ''
_______________has become one of the most effective problems all over the World
especially third world country like Pakistan. It is replete with dangers of destructive
aspects._________________not only demoralizes and destabilizes a nation but also creates
uncertainty and insecurity among the masses.If_______________creeps in a society; it eats
inner strength , outer splendor , economic prosperity and social peace of a nation. The
damage done is not only immediate but also far reaching. Consequently a nation's good
image is spoiled all over the world. People feel insecurity and keep thinking about it all the
time.______________no doubt, spread discontentment in the society and ultimately a
nation good imaged gets spoiled in the world. If it is not properly checked , judicial moral
and economic system of the nation will be destroyed , William Golding rightly says ,
"Man produces evil as bee produces honey."
Wide spread disappointment in the common people owes this bad practice. It is like white
ant that is eating away national health and unity un-noticeably. The unchecked spread
of_________________ has broken down moral and economic pillars of a
nation.________________is highly harmful and devastating for country like Pakistan. It is
destroying economic and political stability. If the evil of _________________is not nipped in
the bud , it may spread rapidly like a bush fire and may swallow up the whole nation or
region like an epidemic. It deprives people mental , physical , moral , economic health and
territorial integrity. Every peace loving who longs and dreams for peace , prosperity and
protection must ponder over the cause of the social cancer of________________ .
It is universally accepted that
"Not gold but only men can make

"A people great and strong."
The main causes are illiteracy miserable poverty and long policies of government
instability; desire and lust to accumulate wealth and become rich overnight. Cultural, social,
and regional diversities also breed the confrontation among the people feudalism, uneven
distribution of wealth and lack of education and health facilities also pave the way to
spread_______________ in a society. External factors like involvement of foreign agencies
are also spreading________________ in the country. An elaborate system of control is
needed to check________________ . An organized committee should also be set up and
provided with sufficient resources. Government authorities , NGO'S and National mass
media should also take necessary steps at their levels to uproot the graving menace of
_________________ .The accusers should be given exemplary sentences (punishments).It is
only that we can eradicate this social evil form our society.
"Fortune lives in labor's shell

All is well that ends well.
We are not here to dream to drift.
We have to work hard.
And loads to lift.
Shun not struggle, struggle is ALLAH's gift."
Hemingway is right to remark,
"Man is not made for defeat.
A man can be destroyed but not defeated."
Important Note: Put the Title of the Topic in the blank
1.Dialogue
General Dialogue
1-Corruption 2-Terrorism 3-Democracy 4-Infltion/Dearness 5-Rising price 6-Traffic problem

7-Load shedding 8-Lack of National unity 9- Social Media 10-Misuse of Mobile phone 11-
Smoking
Characters: A(junior) and B(senior)
Time: Afternoon
Scene: House/Bazaar/Class-room/Restaurant
DIALOGUE
A: Assalam-o-Alaikum! How are you?
B: Wa Alaikum Salam! I'm fine. What are you doing now-a-days?
A: I'm doing my B.A.
B: How is your life going?
A: It's fine. Problems are the part and parcel of life.
B: Do you know about the problem of Pakistan?
A: I know about the some problems but________ has become a major problem of Pakistan.
B: Then this problem has become a blame/blot on the good name of Pakistan.
A: I agree with you but a problem is created due to some causes.
B: Do you know about the causes of________.
A: I know that lack of education, lack of good Government, lack of Religious education and
etc or the major causes of ________.
B: I agree with you but Government Departments, NGOs, Media, Teachers, scholars, writers
and other play its role to solve this problem________.
A: Sorry for interruption. My cell phone is ringing. May I attend the call!
B: Surely!
A: My father is calling me at home.
B: Is it an emergency?
A: A little bit.
B: Ok! You can go.
A: Nice to meet you.
B: Khuda Hafiz
A: Khuda Hafiz
Dialogue on Uses of Internet, Mobile phones,Computer, Social Media Between Two
Friends.
Characters: Ali and Babar
Time: Afternoon
Scene: Bazaar
DIALOGUE
A: It's fine. Where are you going now ?
B: I am going to buy Internet Device/Android Mobile/Computer/Laptop/Tab.
A: I know that has become a important part of our life
B: Internet/Android Mobile/Computer/Laptop/Tab/Social Media helps us in every field of
life.
A: I agree with you and Millions of Pakistanis use it every day.
B: I know but I want to buy for studying. I can read anything ,Information on
.
A: That’s very good.You can also get any book by Online buying through it.You can also sell
any thing through this.Freelancing Business has been started on Websites & Social Media
B: These informations are very important for me.
A: can be use for bad purpose like that Hacking.
B: Then Government should aware the people about the misuse of it.
A: Our responsibility is that we should use it for benefits not for time waste.
B: I agree with you. Can I go now because My Father will be waiting.
A: Ok you can go now.
B: OK nice to meet you .
A: I wish to meet you again..
B: Khuda Hafiz
A : Khuda Hafiz
DIALOGUE BETWEEN TWO FRIENDS ON IMPORTANCE OF BOOK/NEWSPAPER READING.
A: It's fine.
B: Where are you going?
A: I am going to buy the .
B: That's very good.
A: reading is a good hobby.It provides us Information,views and other.
B: Right.But are available at high price.
A: Do you know reason of low selling of it.
B: The Price of paper has been increased.Most of Us waste their time on T.V and Mobile and
We can read any thing at any time on Internet.
B: Surely!
A: A little bit.
B: Ok! You can go.
B: Khuda Hafiz
A: Khuda Hafiz
5.Dialogue
Dialogue on Between Two Friends On Hobby /Health .
Time: Afternoon
Scene: Bazaar
DIALOGUE
A: It's fine.
B: I think you are looking ill.
A: Yes , I am feeling illness .
B: Why you are ?
A:I suffer in fever and not healthy.
B: I think you donot like hobby or take exercises. Please tell me about your daily rountine of
work.
A: I have no hobby/healthy activity.
B: That's bad. You should choose good hobby like Gardening. It makes us healthy and smart.
It helps to save himself from many dieases.
B: Surely!
A: A little bit.
B: Ok! You can go.
B: Khuda Hafiz
A : Khuda Hafiz
Dialogue on Examination system/Education System/Education Difference
Between Different Instituates.
Time: Afternoon
Scene: Bazaar
DIALOGUE
B: Why are you looking anxious?
A: I am due to Examination.
B: From which will your paper have been started?
A: My Examines are being started from first week of this month.
B: You should work hard. Where are you going now?
A: I am going to buy Guess papers & others helping books.
B: Many guess papers are available near the examination.
A: These things are finishing the habit of study and hardworking from the Students.
B: Surely!
A: A little bit.
B: Ok! You can go.
B: Khuda Hafiz
A : Khuda Hafiz
DIALOGUE BETWEEN TWO FRIENDS ON THE BIG PROMBLEMS OF MUSLIM
COMUNITY/WORLD OR ON KASHMIRE ISSUE
A: It's fine. Problems are the part and parcel of life.
B: Do you know about the problem of the World/South Asia?
A: I know about the some problems but The Freedom of Kashmir has become a major
problem of World specially South Asia .
B: What is the factors behinds the un solving of this problem?
A: Kashmir is a beautiful place like Paradise. India occupied on Kashmir in 1947. After a few
months ,India went to the UNO.
B: Then I UNO play its role to solve this problem.
A: You are saying right. But UNO is not playing a important role.
B: Surely!
A: A little bit.
B: Ok! You can go.
B: Khuda Hafiz
A: Khuda Hafiz
Ayesha Sadeeqa Post Graduate College (R) Rajanpur

Principal: Muhammad Fiaz Sindhu Sb: 0333-6436644
Address: City Canal Road Rajanpur
Written & Composed By: Adnan Khalid & Umair Jan

English B.A Notes on Pakistan and the Modern World

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Notes on English B.

Written by: Adnan Khalid & Umair Jan

Ayesha Sadeeqa Post Graduate

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Take The Plunge

Nagasaki, August 9,1945

Walking on The Moon

The beauty Industries

Are The Doctor Men of Science

Science and Values

Short Questions of Modern Essays

Short Questions of Novel

Exercise No.2 (2nd Annual 2002, 2nd Annual 2015)

1.a) enjoyed myself b) enjoyed with c) enjoyed for d) enjoyed on

1.a) die for b) die out c) die by d) die with

1.a) who b) that c) as d) which

1.a) cities b) town c) villages d) cottages

1.a) at b) over c) on d) with

1.a) calling b) named c) called d) naming

1.a) materialism b) materialism only c) materialism alone d) matter

Exercise No.16 (2nd Annual 2013)

1.a) leaf b) lives c) leave d) leaves

1.a) broke b) will break c) breaks d) break

Exercise No.18 (2nd Annual 2015)

1.a) sight b) nose c) noses d) site

Exercise No.19 (1st Annual 2016)

1.a) during b) for c) as long as d) in

1.a) awake b) awakened c) wake up d) awoke

1.a) will become b) have become c) became d) becoming

Exercise No.22 (Annual 2018)

1.a) had come b) were coming c) came d) to come

a)Occasions b) turns c) times d) places

a)a star b) a sun c) the sun d) a moon

a) ending b) giving c) failure d) withdrawal

a)guide b) make up c) make out d) make certain

a) some doubt b) any doubt c) doubting anything d) having doubts

Quotes for Essays of B.A/B.Sc

(Written By: Adnan Khalid & Umair Jan)

2. Science For Man/Comforts of Science

3.Use and Misuse of Mobile Phone

9.My Hero in History

Empty of concord is the soul Europe

10.Woman Place in Islam/Society/World

12.Water Crisis in World/Pakistan

13.College Life/Pleasure of College days

'' Global defame is one of bad effects

"Man produces evil as bee produces honey."

"Not gold but only men can make

"Fortune lives in labor's shell

Important Note: Put the Title of the Topic in the blank

1-Corruption 2-Terrorism 3-Democracy 4-Infltion/Dearness 5-Rising price 6-Traffic problem

Ayesha Sadeeqa Post Graduate College (R) Rajanpur

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