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1. Ans: B – Class – 11 - – Book Name – Medieval India – Page No. 130

Explanation:

· The Portuguese opened up India’s trade with Japan from which copper and silver
were obtained.

· The Portuguese could not act as a bridge for transmitting to India the science and
technology which had grown in Europe since the Renaissance. This was partly
because the Portuguese were themselves not as deeply affected by the Renaissance
as Italy and North Europe. They did, however, help to transmit a number of
agricultural products from Central America, such as potato, tobacco, maize, pea-
nuts etc.,

2. Ans: A – Class 11 – Book Name – Indian Economic Development –– Page No. 21 &
22.

Explanation:

· A nation can promote economic growth and modernisation by using its own resources
or by using resources imported from other nations. The first seven five year plans
gave importance to self-reliance which means avoiding imports of those goods which
could be produced in India itself. This policy was considered a necessity in order to
reduce our dependence on foreign countries, especially for food. It is understandable
that people who were recently freed from foreign domination should give importance
to self-reliance. Further, it was feared that dependence on imported food supplies,
foreign technology and foreign capital may make India’s sovereignty vulnerable to
foreign interference in our policies.

3. Ans: D – Class 12 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Human geography – Page No.

19.

Explanation:

· Population ageing is the process by which the share of the older population becomes
proportionally larger.

· In most of the developed countries of the world, population in higher age groups
has increased due to increased life expectancy.

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4. Ans: C – Class 11 – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work– Page No. 185

Explanation:

· Panchayat Raj cannot make laws for their administration. It can only execute
whatever is commanded by State Government.

· Gram Sabha is not an elected body. It is electoral body which votes for representatives
in the panchayat. The members of Gram Sabha will be the people who are eligible
to vote for that panchayat itself.

5. Ans: A – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 99.

Explanation:

· Derozians carried on public agitation on public questions such as the revision of

the Company’s Charter, the freedom of the Press, better treatment of Indian labour
in British colonies abroad, trail by jury, protection of the ryots from oppressive
zamindars, and employment of Indian in the higher grades of government services.

6. Ans: D – Class 12 – Book Name – Introductory Macroeconomics –– Page No. 39.

Explanation:

· Banks hold a part of the money people keep in their bank deposits as reserve
money and loan out the rest to various investment projects. Reserve money consists
of two things – vault cash in banks and deposits of commercial banks with RBI.
Banks use this reserve to meet the demand for cash by account holders. Reserve
deposit ratio (rdr) is the proportion of the total deposits commercial banks keep as
reserves.

7. Ans: C – Class 11 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Physical Geography – Page No.

93.

Explanation:

· Airmass is a large body of air having little Horizontal variation in temperature and
moisture.

· The homogenous surfaces over which air masses form are called source regions.

· When two different air masses meet, the boundary zone between them is called a
front and the process of front formation is called frontogenesis.

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8. Ans: B – Class 11 – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work– Page No. 60

Explanation:

· Members of Rajya Sabha are indirectly elected by the MLAs of the state. But Rajya
Sabha presently has 245 members, out of which 12 members will be nominated by
the President of India under the category of arts, science and education etc.,

· Electoral college of President contains elected MPs of both Lok Sabha and Rajya
Sabh, elected MLAs of State Legislative assemblies and union territories.

· Nominated MP, nominated MLAs and MLCs of the state cannot participate in
President election hence it is not present in all the states. Having an upper house
in the state is a voluntary action with the help of parliamentary act.

9. Ans: C - Class 11 – Book Name – Medieval India – Page No. 158.

Explanation:

· Unlike the Chishtis, the Suharwardis, saints did not believe in leading a life of
poverty and they accepted the service of the state.

· The Chishtis, on the other hand, preferred to keep aloof from state politics and
shunned the company of rulers and nobles.

10. Ans: B – Class 12 – Book Name – Introductory Macroeconomics – Page No. 3.

Explanation:

· Macroeconomics tries to address situations facing the economy as a whole. Adam

Smith, the founding father of modern economics, had suggested that if the buyers
and sellers in each market take their decisions following only their own self-interest,
economists will not need to think of the wealth and welfare of the country as a
whole separately. But economists gradually discovered that they had to look further.

· Economists found that first, in some cases, the markets did not or could not exist.
Secondly, in some other cases, the markets existed but failed to produce equilibrium
of demand and supply. Thirdly, and most importantly, in a large number of situations
society (or the State, or the people as a whole) had decided to pursue certain
important social goals unselfishly (in areas like employment, administration, defence,
education and health) for which some of the aggregate effects of the microeconomic
decisions made by the individual economic agents needed to be modified.

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11. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Physical Geography – Page No.
24.

Explanation:

· The magnitude scale is named after Richter.

· The magnitude relates to the energy released during the quake and is expressed in
absolute number from 0-10.

· The intensity scale is named after Mercalli.

· The intensity takes into account the visible damage caused by the event and is
expressed from 1-12.

12. Ans: C Class -11- Book name –Indian Constitution at Work- Pg no: 115

Explanation:-

· The Question Hour, which is held every day during the sessions of Parliament,
where Ministers have to respond to searching questions raised by the members;
Zero Hour where members are free to raise any matter that they think is important
(though the ministers are not bound to reply), half-an – hour discussion on matters
of public importance, adjournment motion etc. are some instruments of exercising
control.

13. Ans: B – Class 11 – Book Name – Ancient India – Page No. 93

Explanation:

· Jainism recognized the existence of the Gods. But Buddhism does not recognize
existence of God.

· Buddha prescribed Middle Path but Mahavira asked his followers to lead a more
austere life.

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14. Ans: D–Class 11– Book Name – Indian Economic Development – Page No. 30.

Explanation:

· It was believed that small-scale industries are more ‘labour intensive’ i.e., they use
more labour than the large-scale industries and, therefore, generate more
employment. But these industries cannot compete with the big industrial firms; it
is obvious that development of small-scale industry requires them to be shielded
from the large firms. For this purpose, the production of a number of products was
reserved for the small-scale industry; the criterion of reservation being the ability of
these units to manufacture the goods. They were also given concessions such as
lower excise duty and bank loans at lower interest rates.

15. Ans: C – Class 6 – Book Name – The Earth our Habitat – Page No. 63, 64.

Explanation:

· Every year wildlife week celebrated in the first week of October to create awareness
of conserving the habitats of animal kingdom.

· Migratory birds migrate to our country in the winter season every year i.e., December
and stay till March.

16. Ans: C – Class – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work– Page No. 132

Explanation:

· Original jurisdiction includes disputes between centre and states as well as state Vs
states. But financial and political matters between states will not be taken under
original jurisdiction. Interstate water disputes will be solved by interstate council
only. Writs against violation of fundamental rights can be issued by both Supreme
Court and High Court. So it won’t come under Original Jurisdiction.

17. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name – Ancient India – Page No. 171 & 178

Explanation:

· The significance developments between 200 B.C. – 300 A.D. were Flourishing crafts,
Flourishing commerce, Penetration of money economy and Prosperity of numerous
towns.

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18. Ans: D – Class 12–Book Name – Introductory Macroeconomics – Page No. 81.
Explanation:
· Exchange rates in the market depend not only on the demand and supply of exports
and imports, and investment in assets, but also on foreign exchange speculation
where foreign exchange is demanded for the possible gains from appreciation of the
currency.
19. Ans: D – Class 9 – Book Name – Contemporary India-I – Page No. 4.
Explanation:
· Before 1947, there were two types of states in India, Provinces and Princely states.
· Provinces are directly ruled by the British officials, who were appointed by the
viceroy.
· Princely states were ruled by local hereditary rulers, who acknowledge sovereignty
in return for local autonomy.
20. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work– Page No. 92 & 128
Explanation:
· If No Confidence motion is passed all members of the Council of Ministers including
those from the Rajya Sabha has to resign.
21. Ans: C – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 251.
Explanation:
· The Governor General and the Governors were to be appointed by the British
Government and were to be responsible to it.
· The Governors could veto legislative action and legislate on their own.
22. Ans: D – Class 12–Book Name – Introductory Macroeconomics – Page No. 66.
Explanation:

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23. Ans: D – Class 10 – Book Name – Contemporary India-II – Page No. 85.

Explanation:

· These are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas.

· Solids can also be transported through pipelines.

· Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal
and it rules out trans-shipment losses or delays.

24. Ans: B – Class 11 – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work – Page No. 113

Explanation:

· There are many private member bills initiated in the Parliament with prior permission
of presiding officer of the house.

· Money bill cannot be introduced by a private member and it can be introduced only
in Lok Sabha.

25. Ans: A – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 101 & 173

Explanation:

· The activities of Brahma Samaj spread to South India as a result of the efforts of the
Telugu reformer Viresalingam.

26. Ans: C – Class 11–Book Name – Indian Economic Development–Page No. 63.

Explanation:

· In pre-independent India, Dadabhai Naoroji was the first to discuss the concept of a
Poverty Line. He used the menu for a prisoner and used appropriate prevailing
prices to arrive at what may be called ‘jail cost of living’. However, only adults stay in
jail whereas, in an actual society, there are children too. He, therefore, appropriately
adjusted this cost of living to arrive at the poverty line.

27. Ans: D – Class 10 – Book Name – India people and economy – Page No. 62.
Explanation:
· Shrubs, farm waste, animal and human waste are used to produce biogas for domestic
consumption in rural areas.
· The plants using cattle dung are known as Gobar gas plants in rural India.

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28. Ans: C – Class 11 – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work– Page No. 54

Explanation:

· President is elected by an electoral college consists of Elected MPs, Elected MLAs.

· SLC is elected by members of panchayat and high secondary school teachers.
· Election of members of Panchayat union is direct and elected by the people.
29. Ans: C – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 228.

Explanation:

· The ruler of allying Indian state was compelled to accept the permanent stationing
of a British force within his territory.
· The ruler of allying Indian state has to pay a subsidy for the maintenance of this
British force.

30. Ans: D – Class 12 – Book Name – Introductory Macroeconomics –– Page No. 43 &
44

Explanation:

· Apart from acting as a banker to the commercial banks, RBI also acts as a banker to
the Government of India, and also, to the state governments. It is commonly held
that the government, sometimes, ‘prints money’ in case of a budget deficit, i.e.,
when it cannot meet its expenses (e.g. salaries to the government employees,
purchase of defence equipment from a manufacturer of such goods etc.) from the
tax revenue it has earned.
However, the most important role of RBI is as the controller of money supply and
credit creation in the economy. RBI is the independent authority for conducting
monetary policy in the best interests of the economy – it increases or decreases the
supply of high powered money in the economy and creates incentives or disincentives
for the commercial banks to give loans or credits to investors.
31. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Physical geography – Page No.
81.

Explanation:

· The Insolation received by the earth is in the form of long wave radiation and heats
up its surface.

· The short wave radiation from the earth surface is absorbed by the atmospheric
gases like carbon dioxide.

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32. Ans: A – Class 11 – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work– Page No. 130

Explanation:

· Appeal by special leave is a discretionary power of Supreme Court and it can be

decided only by the Supreme Court.

33. Ans: A – Class 8 – Book Name – Our Pasts III – Part - 1 –– Page No. 67 & 70.

Explanation:

· Before 1911, the Capital of British India was Calcutta.

· Viceroy Lytton organized a Durbar to acknowledge Queen Victoria as the Empress

of India at Delhi.

34. Ans: A – Class 11 – Book Name – Indian Economic Development –– Page No. 183.

Explanation:

· All the three countries had started planning their development strategies in similar
ways. While India announced its first Five Year Plan for 1951-56, Pakistan announced
its first five year plan, called, the Medium Term Plan, in 1956. China announced its
First Five Year Plan in 1953.

35. Ans: D – Class 12 – Book Name – Fundamental of human geography – Page No. 40.

Explanation:

· The farming in which the farmers specialize in vegetables only.

· The distance of truck farms from the market is governed by the distance that a
truck can cover overnight, hence the name.

36. Ans: C – Class – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work– Page No. 112

Explanation:

· Public bill is introduced by a Minister who is part of the Government.

· A private member is not a minister but member of a parliament. He can introduce

any bill other than a money bill or a public bill. Amendment bills as well as ordinary
bills can be introduced by a private member.

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37. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name – Ancient India – Page No. 136

Explanation:

· According to Ashokan inscritions the Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas, Satyaputras and

people of Tamraparani or Srilanka lived on the borders of the Mauryan Empire.

38. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name – Indian Economic Development –– Page No. 194.

Explanation:

· While assessing the developmental indicators, one also has to consider the liberty
indicators.

39. Ans: D – Class 10 – Book Name – Contemporary India-II – Page No. 70.

Explanation:

· Inexpensive water transport.

· Abundant water for processing raw jute.

· Cheap labour from West Bengal and Bihar.

· Proximity of jute producing areas.

40. Ans: C – Class – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work – Page No. 158, 159

Explanation:

· Division of powers – division as union list, state list, concurrent list is mentioned in
7th schedule.

41. Ans: C – Class 11 – Book Name – Medieval India - Page No. 259

Explanation:

· The hundi was a letter of credit payable after a period of time at a discount.

· The hundis often included insurance which was charged at different rate on the
basis of value of the goods.

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42. Ans: C – Class 11 – Book Name – Indian Economic Development –– Page No. 183.

Explanation:

· The Great Leap Forward (GLF) campaign initiated in 1958 aimed at industrialising
the country on a massive scale. People were encouraged to set up industries in
their backyards. In rural areas, communes were started. Under the Commune
system, people collectively cultivated lands. In 1958, there were 26,000 communes
covering almost all the farm population.

43. Ans: A – Class 12 – Book Name – Fundamentals of human geography – Page No. 62.

Explanation:

· These are services that focus on the creation, re-arrangement and interpretation of
new and existing ideas.

· These are often referred to as Gold collar profession.

44. Ans: B – Class 11 – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work– Page No. 1

Explanation:

· WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR ,DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all
its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought , expression,
belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote
among them allFRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity
and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth
day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES
THIS CONSTITUTION.

45. Ans: A – Class 12 – Book Name – Themes in Indian History – Part - II – Page No.
230

Explanation:

· Artisits from Iran made their way to Mughal India. Some were brought to the Mughal
court, as in the case of Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdus Samad, who were made to
accompany Emperor Humayun to Delhi..

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46. Ans: B – Class 12 – Book Name – Introductory Macroeconomics –– Page No. 63.

Explanation:

· Budget documents classify total revenue expenditure into plan and non-plan
expenditure. Plan revenue expenditure relates to central Plans (the Five-Year Plans)
and central assistance for State and Union Territory Plans. Non-plan expenditure,
the more important component of revenue expenditure, covers a vast range of general,
economic and social services of the government. The main items of non-plan
expenditure are interest payments, defence services, subsidies, salaries and pensions.

47. Ans: C – Class 10 – Book Name – Contemporary India-II – Page No. 78.

Explanation:

· Using electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers and inertial separators.

· Using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.

48. Ans: C – Class 11 – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work – Page No. 33 & 34

49. Ans: C – Class 12 – Book Name – Themes in Indian History – Part-III – Page No.
386

Explanation:

· The name was coined by a Punjabi Muslim, Choudhry Rehmat Ali.

· It comprises of Punjab, Afghan, Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan.

50. Ans: A – Class 12 – Book Name– Introductory Macroeconomics – Page No. 72.

Explanation:

· Deficit Reduction: Government deficit can be reduced by an increase in taxes or

reduction in expenditure. In India, the government has been trying to increase tax
revenue with greater reliance on direct taxes (indirect taxes are regressive in nature
– they impact all income groups equally).

51. Ans: C – Class 10 – Book Name – Contemporary India-II – Page No. 38.

Explanation:

· Maize is a kharif crop which grows well in old alluvial soil.

· It is a crop which is used both as food and fodder.

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52. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name –Indian Constitution at Work– Page No. 142

Explanation:

· Salary and allowances of Judicial people are charged expenditure upon consolidated
fund and it is not subjective to annual voting by Parliament. This is to ensure
financial independence of judiciary.

53. Ans: B – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 66.

Explanation:

· By the Charter Act of 1813, the trade monopoly of the Company in India was ended
and trade with India was thrown open to all British Subjects.

54. Ans: D – Class 12 – Book Name - Introductory Macroeconomics- Page No. 77.

Explanation:

· The balance of exports and imports of goods is referred to as the trade balance.
Adding trade in services and net transfers to the trade balance, we get the current
account balance.

55. Ans: A – Class 10 – Book Name – Contemporary India-II – Page No. 87, 88.

Explanation:

· Kandla port, a tidal port, was the first port to be developed soon after independence.

· Kochi port is the extreme south-western port, located at the entrance of a lagoon
with a natural harbor.

· Tuticorin port is the extreme south eastern port.

· Chennai port is one of the oldest artificial ports of the country.

56. Ans: (D) Class -11- Book name –Indian Constitution at Work- Pg no: 92 & 130

57. Ans: C – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 268

Explanation:

· In September 1946 an Interim Cabinet, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, was formed

by the congress.

· The Muslim league joined the cabinet after some hesitation.

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58. Ans: A – Class 12 – Book Name - Introductory Macroeconomics

59. Ans: C – Class 9 – Book Name – Contemporary India-I – Page No. 46.

Explanation:

Thorny forest and scrubs:

· This type of vegetation is found in Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, and Uttar Pradesh.

· Trees are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil in order to get
moisture.

· Stems are succulent to conserve water.

60. Ans: C - Class 11- Book name – Indian Constitution at Work - Pg no: 39 & 41

Explanation:-

Equality of all religions

· Being a country which is home to several religions, it is necessary that the

government must extend equal treatment to different religions. Negatively, it means
that government will not favour any particular religion. India does not have any
official religion. We don’t have to belong to any particular religion in order to be a
prime minister or president or judge or any other public official. We have also seen
that under the right to equality, there is a guarantee that government will not
discriminate on the basis of religion in giving employment. The institutions run by
the state will not preach any religion or give religious education nor will they favour
persons of any religion. The objective of these provisions is to sustain and nurture
the principle of secularism.

Habeas corpus:

· A writ of habeas corpus means that the court orders that the arrested person should
be presented before it. It can also order to set free an arrested person if the manner
or grounds of arrest are not lawful or satisfactory.

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61. Ans: C – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 228.

Explanation:

· The All India Khilafat Conference held at Delhi decided to withdraw all co-operations
from the government if their demands were not met.

· The Muslim league, under the leadership of nationalists, gave full support to the
congress and its agitation on political issues.

62. Ans: D – Class 12 – Book Name – Indian Econonic Development – Page No. 3.

Explanation:

· By economic units or economic agents, we mean those individuals or institutions

which take economic decisions. They can be consumers who decide what and how
much to consume. They may be producers of goods and services who decide what
and how much to produce. They may be entities like the government, corporation,
banks which also take different economic decisions like how much to spend, what
interest rate to charge on the credits, how much to tax, etc.

63. Ans: D – Class 9 – Book Name – Contemporary India-I – Page No. 22.

Explanation:

· It rises in the Brahmagiri range in the Western Ghats.

· It reaches the Bay of Bengal in south of Cuddalore, Tamilnadu.

· Its basin drains parts of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu.

· Its tributaries include R. Amravati, R. Bhavani, R. Hemavati and R. Kabini.

64. Ans: A – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 113 & 115.

Explanation:

· At Kanpur the Revolt was led by Nana Sahib, the adopted son of Baji Rao II, the last
Peshwa.

· Tantia Tope, one of his most loyal servants. Azimullah was another loyal servant of
Nana Sahib.

· Kunwar Singh a ruined and discontented zamindar of Jagdishpur near Arrah, was
the chief organizer of the revolt in Bihar.

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65. Ans: A – Class 12 – Book Name –Introductory Macroeconomics – Page No. 76.

Explanation:

· Total foreign trade (exports + imports) as a proportion of GDP is a common measure

of the degree of openness of an economy.

66. Ans: A – Class 9 – Book Name – Contemporary India-I – Page No. 12.

Explanation:

· The largest part of the northern plain is formed of older alluvium. They lie above the
flood plains of the rivers and present a terrace like feature. This part is known as
Bhangar.

67. Ans: B – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 197.

Explanation:

· The cry of Swadeshi and Swaraj was soon taken up by other provinces of India.
Movements in support of Bengal’s unity and boycott of foreign goods were organized
in Bombay, Madras and Northern India. The leading role in spreading the Swadeshi
Movement to the rest of the country was played by Tilak.

68. Ans: C – Class 12 – Book Name – Introductory Macroeconomics–Page No. 65.

Explanation:

· One of Keynes’s main ideas in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and
Money was that government fiscal policy should be used to stabilise the level of
output and employment. Through changes in its expenditure and taxes, the
government attempts to increase output and income and seeks to stabilise the ups
and downs in the economy.

69. Ans: B – Class 9 – Book Name – Contemporary India-I – Page No. 10.

Explanation:

· Jaintia hills – Khasi hills –Garo hills is the correct arrangement in decreasing longitude.

70. Ans: D – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 149

Explanation:

· The British policy artificially restricted and slowed down the growth of Indian
industries

· The development of Indian industries was extremely lop-sided regionally.

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71. Ans: A – Class 11–Book Name – Indian Economic Development – Page No. 23.

Explanation:

· The policy of ‘land to the tiller’ is based on the idea that the cultivators will take
more interest—they will have more incentive—in increasing output if they are the
owners of the land. This is because ownership of land enables the tiller to make
profit from the increased output. Tenants do not have the incentive to make
improvements on land since it is the landowner who would benefit more from higher
output. The importance of ownership in providing incentives is well illustrated by
the carelessness with which farmers in the former Soviet Union used to pack fruits
for sale. It was not uncommon to see farmers packing rotten fruits along with fresh
fruits in the same box. Now, every farmer knows that the rotten fruits will spoil the
fresh fruits if they are packed together. This will be a loss to the farmer since the
fruits cannot be sold. So why did the Soviet farmers do something which would so
obviously result in loss for them? The answer lies in the incentives facing the farmers.
Since farmers in the former Soviet Union did not own any land, they neither enjoyed
the profits nor suffered the losses. In the absence of ownership, there was no incentive
on the part of farmers to be efficient, which also explains the poor performance of
the agricultural sector in the Soviet Union despite availability of vast areas of highly
fertile land.

72. Ans: B – Class 7 – Book Name – Our Environment – Page No. 58, 60.

Explanation:

· In the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin, the soil is fertile, and agriculture is the main
occupation of the people where flat land is available to grow crops.

· The staple food of the people of Amazon region is cassava which grows like potato
and they also eat queen ants and egg sacs.

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73. Ans: C – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 32.

Explanation:

· The Sittars were fought against Caste System and Abuses of Temple rule

74. Ans: C – Class 11 – Book Name – Indian Economic Development –Page No. 24.

Explanation:

· The stagnation in agriculture during the colonial rule was permanently broken by
the green revolution: this refers to the large increase in production of food grains
resulting from the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds especially for wheat
and rice. The use of these seeds required the use of fertiliser and pesticide in the
correct quantities as well as regular supply of water; the need for these inputs in
correct proportions is vital. The farmers who could benefit from HYV seeds required
reliable irrigation facilities as well as the financial resources to purchase fertiliser
and pesticide. As a result, in the first phase of the green revolution (approximately
mid 1960s upto mid 1970s), the use of HYV seeds was restricted to the more affluent
states such as Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

75. Ans: B – Class 7 – Book Name – Our Environment - Page No. 65, 68.

Explanation:

· Prairies are temperate grasslands of North America.

· Prairies are drained by both Mississippi River and Saskatchewan River.

· The Velds are temperate grasslands of South Africa.

· The Velds are bound by Drakensberg Mountain in the east and Kalahari Desert in
the west.

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76. Ans: B – Class 11 – Book Name – Ancient India – Page No. 219

Explanation:

· By the beginning of the Christian era, six schools of philosophy developed. These
were known as Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa and Vedanta.

77. Ans: C – Class 11 – Book Name – Indian Economic Development – Page No. 28 &
29.

Explanation:

· Market and State in Indian Industrial Development: The big question facing the
policy makers was — what should be the role of the government and the private
sector in industrial development? At the time of independence, Indian industrialists
did not have the capital to undertake investment in industrial ventures required for
the development of our economy; nor was the market big enough to encourage
industrialists to undertake major projects even if they had the capital to do so. It is
principally for these reasons that the state had to play an extensive role in promoting
the industrial sector. In addition, the decision to develop the Indian economy on
socialist lines led to the policy of the state controlling the commanding heights of
the economy, as the Second Five Year plan put it. This meant that the state would
have complete control of those industries that were vital for the economy. The policies
of the private sector would have to be complimentary to those of the public sector,
with the public sector leading the way.

78. Ans: B – Class 7 – Book Name – Our Environment – Page No. 15.

Explanation:

· Angel falls is located in Venezeula and is the highest waterfall.

· Niagara Falls is located in the border between Canada and USA.

· Victoria Falls is located in the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe.

79. Ans: C – Class 6 – Book Name – Our Pasts - I –– Page No. 107

Explanation:

· Bhakti is generally understood as a person’s devotion to his or her chosen deity.

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80. Ans: B – Class 12– Book Name – Introductory Macroeconomics – Page No. 64.

Explanation:

· The revenue deficit refers to the excess of government’s revenue expenditure over
revenue receipts

Revenue deficit = Revenue expenditure – Revenue receipts

· The revenue deficit includes only such transactions that affect the current income
and expenditure of the government. When the government incurs a revenue deficit,
it implies that the government is dissaving and is using up the savings of the other
sectors of the economy to finance a part of its consumption expenditure. This situation
means that the government will have to borrow not only to finance its investment
but also its consumption requirements. This will lead to a build up of stock of debt
and interest liabilities and force the government, eventually, to cut expenditure.
Since a major part of revenue expenditure is committed expenditure, it cannot be
reduced. Often the government reduces productive capital expenditure or welfare
expenditure. This would mean lower growth and adverse welfare implications.

81. Ans: B – Class 6 – Book Name – The Earth our Habitat – Page No. 33, 35.

Explanation:

· Arctic Ocean is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow
water known as Berring strait.

· A strait is a narrow passage of water connecting two large water bodies likes seas
and oceans.

· An Isthmus is a narrow strip of land joining two landmasses.

82. Ans: D – Class 6 – Book Name - Our Pasts – I –– Page No. 71

Explanation:

· Those who joined the sangha included brahmins, kshatriyas merchants, labourers,
barbers, courtesans and slaves.

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83. Ans: A – Class 12 – Book Name - Indian Economic Development –– Page No. 76 &
77.

Explanation:

· when goods move across national borders, money must move in the opposite
direction. At the international level, there is no single currency that is issued by a
central authority. Foreign economic agents will accept a national currency only if
they are convinced that the currency will maintain a stable purchasing power. Without
this confidence, a currency will not be used as an international medium of exchange
and unit of account since there is no international authority with the power to force
the use of a particular currency in international transactions. Governments have
tried to gain confidence of potential users by announcing that the national currency
will be freely convertible at a fixed price into another asset, over whose value the
issuing authority has no control. This other asset most often has been gold, or other
national currencies. There are two aspects of this commitment that has affected its
credibility – the ability to convert freely in unlimited amounts and the price at
which conversion takes place. The international monetary system has been set up
to handle these issues and ensure stability in international transactions. A nation’s
commitment regarding the above two issues will affect its trade and financial
interactions with the rest of the world.

84. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Physical Geography – Page No.
124.

Explanation:

Cold Ocean currents:

· Benguela current.

· Oyashio current.

· Humboldt current.

85. Ans: B – Class 7 – Book Name – Our Pasts - II –– Page No. 60.

Explanation:

· The first floor was constructed by Qutbuddin Aybak and the rest by Iltumish around
1229.

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86. Ans: C – Class 12 – Book Name –Introductory Macroeconomics –Page No. 72.

Explanation:
· One of the main criticisms of deficits is that they are inflationary. This is because
when government increases spending or cuts taxes, aggregate demand increases.
Firms may not be able to produce higher quantities that are being demanded at the
ongoing prices. Prices will, therefore, have to rise. However, if there are unutilised
resources, output is held back by lack of demand. A high fiscal deficit is accompanied
by higher demand and greater output and, therefore, need not be inflationary.
It has been argued that there is a decrease in investment due to a reduction in the
amount of savings available to the private sector. This is because if the government
decides to borrow from private citizens by issuing bonds to finance its deficits, these
bonds will compete with corporate bonds and other financial instruments for the
available supply of funds. If some private savers decide to buy bonds, the funds
remaining to be invested in private hands will be smaller. Thus, some private
borrowers will get ‘crowded out’ of the financial markets as the government claims
an increasing share of the economy’s total savings. However, one must note that the
economy’s flow of savings is not really fixed unless we assume that income cannot
be augmented. If government deficits succeed in their goal of raising production,
there will be more income and, therefore, more saving. In this case, both government
and industry can borrow more.
Also, if the government invests in infrastructure, future generations may be better
off, provided the return on such investments is greater than the rate of interest. The
actual debt could be paid off by the growth in output. The debt should not then be
considered burdensome. The growth in debt will have to be judged by the growth of
the economy as a whole.

87. Ans: C – Class 11 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Physical Geography – Page No.
116.
Explanation:
· The maximum temperature of the oceans is always at their surfaces.
· The rate of decrease of temperature is not uniform throughout and there is a decrease
in temperature with increasing depth.
· The temperature falls very rapidly up to the depth of 200m and then thereafter, the
rate of decrease in temperature is slowed down.

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88. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name – Ancient India – Page No. 95

Explanation:

· According to Buddha, if desires are conquered, nirvana will be attained, that is,
man will be free from the cycle of birth and death.

89. Ans: C – Class 11 – Book Name –Indian Economic Development –Page No. 65.

Explanation:

· Scholars state that a major problem with this mechanism is that it groups all the
poor together and does not differentiate between the very poor and the other poor.
Though this mechanism takes consumption expenditure on food and a few select
items as proxy for income, economists question its basis. This mechanism is helpful
in identifying the poor as a group to be taken care of by the government, but it
would be difficult to identify who among the poor need help the most.

· There are many factors, other than income and assets, which are associated with
poverty; for instance, the accessibility to basic education, health care, drinking
water and sanitation. The mechanism for determining the Poverty Line also does
not take into consideration social factors that trigger and perpetuate poverty such
as illiteracy, ill health, lack of access to resources, discrimination or lack of civil and
political freedoms. The aim of poverty alleviation schemes should be to improve
human lives by expanding the range of things that a person could be and could do,
such as to be healthy and well-nourished, to be knowledgeable and participate in
the life of a community. From this point of view, development is about removing the
obstacles to the things that a person can do in life, such as illiteracy, ill health, lack
of access to resources, or lack of civil and political freedoms.

90. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Physical Geography – Page No.
115.

Explanation:

· Atolls are low islands found in the tropical oceans consisting of coral reefs surrounding
a central depression.

· Seamount is a mountain with pointed summit, rising from the seafloor that does
not reach the surface of the ocean.

· Submarine canyons are deep valleys in the ocean floor. Hudson canyon is the best
known submarine canyon in the world.

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91. Ans: – C Class 11 – Book Name – Ancient India – Page No. 85

Explanation:

· The later Vedic society came to be divided into four varnas called the brahmanas,
rajanyas or kshatriyas, vaishyas and shudras.

· All the three higher varnas were entitled to Upanayana or investiture.

92. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Physical Geography – Page No.
99.

Explanation:

· Cirrus clouds are thin and detached resembling a feathery appearance. They are
always white in colour.

93. Ans: C – Class 11 – Book Name – Medieval India – Page No. 273

Explanation:

· Mughal traditions influenced the palaces and forts of many provincial and local
kingdoms. Even the Harmandir of the Sikhs, called the Golden Temple at Amristsar
which was rebuilt several times during the period, was built on the arch and dome
principle and incorporated many features of the Mughal traditions of architecture.

94. Ans: A – Class 11 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Physical Geography – Page No.
95.

Explanation:

· They have a clear frontal system and cover a large area.

· They originate over sea and land as well.

· The wind velocity is very high in tropical cyclones and it is more destructive.

· They move from west to east.

95. Ans: B – Class 11 – Book Name – Medieval India – Page No. 99

Explanation:

· The most important people in the village were the khut (landowners) and muqaddam
or headman. We also hear of the village accountant or patwari.

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96. Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Physical Geography – Page No.
91.

Explanation:

Air rises to the atmosphere because of all the factor listed below and form clouds
and precipitation:

· Air convergence.

· Eddies.

· Convection currents.

· Orography

· Front

97. Ans: B – Class 11 – Book Name –– Medieval India - Page No. 98

Explanation:

· Firuz Shah Tughlaq set up a separate department for slaves.

· Firuz Shah Tughlaq also set up a separate department of public works.

98. Ans: B – Class 11 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Physical Geography – Page No.
91.

Explanation:

· Tropical cyclones do not form at the equator because the low pressure gets filled
instead of getting intensified.

· The winds in the upper troposphere are free from frictional effect and are known as
Geostrophic wind.

· The higher the pressure gradient force, the more is the velocity of the wind, and the
larger is the deflection in the direction of the wind.

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99. Ans: C – Class 12 – Book Name – Modern India – Page No. 249

Explanation:

· The First Round Table Conference was summoned to discuss Simon Commission
Report.

· Indian National Congress agreed to attend Second Round Table Conference.

· On return from Second Round Table Conference Gandhi resumed Civil Disobedience
Movement.

100.Ans: D – Class 11 – Book Name – Fundamentals of Physical Geography – Page No.

56.

Explanation:

· In humid tropical and equatorial climates, bacterial growth and action is intense
and dead vegetation is rapidly oxidized leaving very low humus content in the soil.

· The bacteria and other soil organisms take gaseous nitrogen from the air and convert
it into a chemical form that can be used by the plants, and this process is known as
nitrogen fixation.

· Rhizobium, a type of bacteria, lives in the root nodules of leguminous plants and
fixed nitrogen beneficial to the host plants.

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