ANSWERS

SECTION A
1. (a) Wanted members of Congress to return to Council Politics.
2. (c) Dams can channelise the natural flow of water.
Explanation: A dam is a structure built across a river or stream to hold
water. Dams channelise the natural flow of water thereby disturbing the
direction of the river. It affects aquatic life and can even lead to floods in case
of excessive rainfall.
Related Theory
 Dams are being built from centuries and milleniums. Some examples built in ancient and
medieval India are Nagarajunkonda, Bhopal, Delhi Hauz khas etc. A planned irrigation
site is often constructed near a water reservoir.
Caution
 Each alternative has an implication in the given question. Each implication must be
thought about thoroughly. After a student has understood the implications of each
alternative, they should then eliminate options with positive after effects.
In case, the students are unable to understand the meaning of any word asked in the
question, reading it multiple times and associating the words before and after the said
word with each other can help them understand it

3. (d) Nepal
Explanation: In the table, the life expectancy at birth rates are higher for
Nepal but its mean years of schooling range is lower than India. This is why
it can have better healthcare facilities but weaker educational systems.
4. (c) (I), (IV), (II) and (III)
Explanation: Conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection
programme in the 1960s. Butterflies, moths, beetles, and one dragonfly
have been added to the list of protected species in 1980 and 1986. Plants
were added to the protection list, starting with six species in 1991. The
Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972.
Related Theory
 The list mentioned in the question is a pan-India species list which includes the animals
who have been accorded protection by the government.

Caution
 It is important for the students to have a vague idea about when the incidents mentioned
in the question took place. Having a vague idea will help rule out the wrong alternatives.

5. Liberalisation

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6. (d) Equal political rights to Sri Lankan Tamils.
Explanation: Other measures were formulated to establish Sinhala
supremacy in Sri Lanka. Those measures made Tamils feel neglected and
ignored in their own country.
7. (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
Explanation: A democratic government will take more time to follow
procedures before arriving at a decision because it is based upon deliberation
and negotiation and needs the consensus of the majority before taking any
decision.
8. (c) They can withdraw money as and when they require.
Explanation: People deposit money with the banks by opening a bank
account in their name and receive an amount as interest from the bank on
this deposit which can be withdrawn by them as and when they require it.
Related Theory
 Since the deposits in the bank accounts can be withdrawn on demand, these deposits are
called demand deposits.

9. (c) Next to Belgium

Explanation: Luxembourg should be drawn next to Belgium because it is
a neighbour of the country. Luxembourg is surrounded by France, Belgium,
Germany and Switzerland in the continent of Europe.
Caution
 Students must be careful while applying the concepts taught in the chapter. They must
favour on the maps given in the chapter as well.

10. (b) Germany

Explanation: The tricolour flag shown in image was the flag of the liberal-
nationalists in 1848 which was banned by the Dukes of the German states.
The breastplate with an eagle on it is the German symbol for strength.
Related Theory
 Philip Veit prepared a painting of Germania on a cotton banner, as it was meant to hang
from the ceiling of the Church of St Paul where the Frankfurt parliament was convened in
March 1848. The said painting also features the symbols given in the picture above.
Caution
 Every picture in the chapter must be carefully studied by the students. They can serve as
mediums for easy understanding of concepts.

11. (a) Name of the act that was devised to implement the Right to Work.
12. (c) Caste

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 Explanation: Caste divisions are peculiar to India. Other regions across
the world have divisions based on linguistic, racial, gender and other forms
of diversity.
Caste is an institution which was born in India and is peculiar to Indian
society.
13. (c)  Ramnaresh Sarwan and Shivnarine Chanderpaul
Explanation: Their families migrated during the time the indentured
labourers were forced to station on plantations for work in various countries
of the world.
Related Theory
 The main destinations of Indian indentured migrants were the Caribbean islands (mainly
Trinidad, Guyana and Suriname), Mauritius and Fiji. Tamil migrants went to Ceylon and
Malaya. Indentured workers were also recruited for tea plantations in Assam.

Caution
 For such questions, it is important for the students to remember each name given in
the chapter at least. It is not essential that they remember each and every detail but
memorising basic introductions is important.

14. (a) Name of the act that was devised to implement the Right to Work.
15. (a) I t was feared that if there was no control over what was printed and read,
then rebellious and irreligious thoughts might spread.
16. (d) Rat Hole Mining
17. Constitution
Explanation: Indian constitution declares India as a union of states.
Related Theory
India is an example of holding together federation where a large country decides to divide
 
its power between the constituent states and the national or central government. In this
system, generally central government is more powerful than its constituent units

18. Higher
Explanation: When the interest rates are high, borrowers have to pay
more. This reduces their profits and they have very little money to invest in
augmenting their income. Hence, it increases their debt burden.
19. (d) CPI and CPI (M)
Explanation: The parties were both bifurcated in 1964 where CPI (M) was
formed. CPI, the parent political party, was formed in 1925. They share a
similar symbol.
20. (c) The money spent to buy assets such as land.

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 SECTION B
21. (c) R
Explanation: The region R has only one thermal or nuclear plant in its
proximity as compared to other regions given as alternatives - P(5), Q (4)
and S(3). Thus, the AQI will be better at R than any other location.
Related Theory
 Thermal power plants primarily use coal, natural gas, or oil to generate electricity through
the combustion of fossil fuels. This causes a release of various greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere.
Caution
 It is important that the students understand the meaning of AQI to be able to relate it to
the presence of thermal and nuclear power plants. They must read the question multiple
times for this purpose.

22. (1) U
 nder the– Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
Act 2005, all unemployed people in need of work, have been guaranteed
100 days of employment in a year by the government.
(2) If they were not given this guaranteed employment, they would be given
unemployment wages. The act ensures people with the ‘Right to work.’
OR
Development and conservation of nature can go hand in hand by:
(1) Practicing sustainable development. It is important to do so because
resources are being exhausted too soon.
(2) Balancing development and ecological conservation. It is another way of
carrying them out together by integrating them.
23. To improve the Indian agriculture, the government of India began
introducing agricultural and institutional reforms in the 1960s. Some of
them have been listed below:
(1) Widespread use of radio and television for providing knowledge
to farmers about new and improved techniques of cultivation and
introduction of special weather bulletins.
(2) Crop insurance to protect farmers’ produce against losses by natural and
man-made calamities like fire, flood, drought, etc. was introduced.
(3) To ensure easy availability of capital or investment, the Grameen
Bank and cooperative societies were established. They provide credit to
farmers at very low rates of interest.
(4) Kisan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme
(PAIS) have been introduced by the government for the benefit of
farmers.

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 (5) A
 nnouncement of procurement or remunerative prices, minimum support
prices for farmers to reduce exploitation of farmers by middlemen.
(Mention any 3 points)

24. Two aspects are:

(1) Mutual trust
(2) Agreement between states and people to live together.

SECTION C
25. Three problems faced by Indian cotton weavers in the nineteenth century
are:
(1) Earlier, India was the main exporter of fine cotton to Britain. With
the expansion of British industries, industrialists put pressure on the
government to restrict the import of cotton goods to Britain.
(2) Tariffs were imposed on import of cotton cloth from India. This helped in
protection of local manufacturers of Britain.
(3) Gomasthas treated the weavers with great injustice.
26. The role of missionaries in the growth of the press in India can be studied
as follows:
(1) Portuguese missionaries brought the printing press to Goa in the mid-
sixteenth century. Jesuit priests learnt Konkani and printed several
tracts and books in vernacular languages.
(2) The Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book in 1579 at Cochin, and
in 1713, the first Malayalam book was printed by them.
(3) By 1710, Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts,
many of them were translations of older works.
OR
The agro-industries give a major boost to agriculture by raising its
productivity:
(1) These industries supply irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides,
pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc. to the farmers
which helps them grow more food.
(2) Industries help in transporting the goods produced to the markets. They
also consume these products themselves.
(3) Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture. They reduce
the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing
them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
27. The Jallianwalla Bagh incident can be described as :

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 (1) O n 13th April, a crowd of villagers who had come to Amritsar to attend a
fair gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwalla Bagh.
(2) Being from outside the city, they were unaware of the martial law that
had been imposed.
(3) Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the
crowd, killing hundreds.  (To be assessed as whole.)
28. India A woman or man who believes in equal rights and opportunities for
women and men is a feminist. Thus these feminist movements aimed at
equality in personal and family life.
As a result of these feminist movements, the condition of women has
improved as mentioned below:
(1) Their role in public life was improved.
(2) They are working as scientists, doctors, engineers, lawyers, managers,
college and university teachers which were earlier not considered
suitable for women.
(3) In Scandinavian countries such as Sweden, Norway and Finland, the
participation of women in public life is very high.
29. To calculate percentage of tertiary sector workers employed in unorganised
sector:
= Number of employees in unorganised sector
Total number of employeees in tertiary sector
× 100
Total number of workers in tertiary sector:
17 + 76 = 93
Percentage employed in unorganised sector:
76 × 100 = 81.7%
93
SECTION D
30. The problems of road transport in India are:
(1) Due to high population, the road network is inadequate to tackle such a
large population.
(2) Half of the roads are un-metalled and are in a poor condition as it gets
difficult to travel in the rainy season.
(3) In cities, roads are highly congested due to many factors, like
overpopulation, street vendors, etc.
(4) Heavily loaded trucks, which carry load above the prescribed limit also
damage roads in the long run.

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 (5) Roads are not properly maintained by the authorities.
(Any 3 of the 5 points can be written to get full marks)

Related Theory
 Roadways serve a vital purpose in any country. They allow people and automotives to
traverse a diverse range of lands so that they can reach their destination without any
hindrance.

31. The print culture developed in India by the following means:

(1) India had a very rich and old tradition of handwritten manuscripts in
Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, as well as in various vernacular languages.
(2) The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in
the mid 16th century.
(3) By the 1870s, besides Urdu, Marathi, Bengali, Hindi printing also began
giving voice to local opinions.
(4) Print in the 18th century : By the close of the 18th century, a number of
newspapers and journals appeared in print. The first Indian weekly i.e.
Bengal Gazette also came into picture in the late 18th century
(5) Print in the 19th century : By the end of the 19th century, a visual
culture started taking place. By 1870s caricatures and cartoons were
being published in journals and newspapers. (Mention any three points)

OR
The role of missionaries in the growth of the press in India can be studied
as follows:
(1) Portuguese missionaries brought the printing press to Goa in the mid-
sixteenth century. Jesuit priests learnt Konkani and printed several
tracts and books in vernacular languages.
(2) The Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book in 1579 at Cochin, and
in 1713, the first Malayalam book was printed by them.
(3) By 1710, Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts,
many of them were translations of older works..
32. Recent efforts made to reform political parties in India are:
(1) Anti-defection law has been introduced, under which a member can be
disqualified if he/she goes against the instructions issued by the party
for monetary benefits.
(2) To reduce the influence of money and muscle power in the parties,
funding of political parties has been made transparent and democratic.
Funds can only be accepted if complete documentation has been attached
and miscreants are likely to be punished.

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 (3) It is mandatory for any candidate to file an affidavit giving details of his
property and cases pending against him/her before nomination.
(4) The election commission has made it mandatory for political parties to
hold their organisational elections regularly and file their income tax
returns.
(5) Making it mandatory for political parties to reserve a significant number
of tickets, about one third, for women candidates.
(Any three of five points can be written to get full marks)

33. Yes, I agree. For example,

(1) Providing health and education facilities for all is the prime
responsibility of the governments at all levels.
(2) Running proper schools and providing quality education, particularly
elementary education is the duty of the government. India’s size of
illiterate population is one of the largest in the world.
(3) Similarly, half of India’s children are malnourished and a quarter of
them are critically ill. Government also needs to pay attention to aspects
of human development such as availability of safe drinking water,
housing facilities, for the poor and food and nutrition.
(4) It is also the duty of the government to take care of the poorest and most
ignored regions of the country through increased spending in such areas.

SECTION E

34. (A) Images of gods, kings, queens and historical figures were used to invoke
feelings of familiarity and nationalism among the people. Images of
national monuments were not used.
(B) They were used to inform the customers about their producing company to
generalte feelings of familarit and confidence among them.
Explanation: Labels were put in Indian products to inform the consumers
of the place of origin and manufacture. Hence They did not degrade other
products.
(C) The labels held information about the place of manufacture and the
company who manufactured the product.
35. (A) Limestone
(B) Veins and lodes are formed when minerals in liquid/molten form are
forced upwards through cavities. They cool as they rise.
(C) Igneous rocks are formed from melted rock deep inside the Earth. They
don't contain any fossil deposits.

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 Metamorphic rocks are formed from other sedimentary or igneous that
are affected by heat and pressure within Earth's crust.
36. (A) (1) D  emocracies give freedom of speech, expression and religion along
with promoting dignity and freedom of human beings.
(2) It provides people with a free and dignified life and reduces
possibilities of social conflicts. This is why countries are fascinated
with democracy.
(B) People often say that democracies have different expected and actual
outcomes.
(1) It is expected to deliver fair and free elections and acceptable and quick
outcomes, it is unable to produce the same due to corruption, inefficient
working and delay in decisions.
(2) It is expected to reduce economic inequality but it has not been able to
do the same.

SECTION F
37. (A) (I) Calcutta, (II) Amritsar

(A) (II)

(B) (II)

(A) (I)

(B) (IV)

(B) (III)
(B) (I)

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