UNIT 13: THE MODERN WORLD

Globalization, changing attitudes and trends

Words Meaning Synonyms Collocation Example
Adj + attitude
She takes the attitude that children
conciliatory, favorable, friendly, positive,
should be allowed to learn at their own
responsible, right, sympathetic |
pace.
aggressive, bad, belligerent, cavalier,
critical, hostile, irreverent, negative,
The teachers seem to have a very
patronizing, wrong | carefree, casual,
relaxed attitude towards discipline.
the way that you think Angle flexible, liberal, relaxed | conservative,
and feel about Approach inflexible, rigid, uncompromising |
This sort of attitude exists among
somebody/something; Belief ambivalent | general, prevailing, public |
certain groups of people.
Attitude (n): thái the way that you behave Demeanor changing | mental, moral, sexual
độ towards Outlook Verb + attitude
He's often been accused of cynicism in
somebody/something Stance adopt, have, take | change
his attitude toward politics.
that shows how you Standpoint Attitude + verb
think and feels Temperament exist, persist, prevail | change
By changing your perspective on the
Attitude + noun
situation, it may be easier to have a
problem
positive attitude.
Prep
~ about | ~ of | ~ to/towards
She lay sprawled across the sofa, in an
Phrases
attitude of complete abandon.
a change in/of attitude, with an attitude
The ultimate goal of many marketing
Adj + brand
campaigns is to create brand loyalty.
a type of product, leading, major, principal, top | famous,
service, etc. made or Logo favorite, popular, well-known | own
Brand (n): thương This isn't my usual brand of
offered by a particular Symbol Brand + noun
hiệu deodorant.
company under a Trademark identity, image, name | leader | loyalty
particular name Prep
It was to become the leading brand of
~ of
specialty coffee in North America.
Culture (n): văn the customs and beliefs, Ability Adj + culture The investigation found there was a
hoá art, way of life and social Civilization ancient | primitive | dominant | alien, culture of sexism and racism within
organization of a Experience foreign | indigenous, native | local, the organization.
particular country or Perception national | traditional | rural, urban |
group Practice mainstream | underground | wider | Our aim was to foster a culture of
Science bourgeois, working-class | street, youth | innovation at all levels in the
dance, drug, football | academic, company.
business, company, corporate,
 intellectual, legal, political, professional, As young people started to have more
religious, scientific | capitalist, consumer, money, a significant youth culture
enterprise developed.
Verb + culture
assimilate (sb into) | create, develop, Ventura’s survival of old beliefs and
foster, produce customs may help us in understanding
Culture + noun the ancient culture.
group | shock
Prep She experienced great culture shock
in a/the ~ | ~ of when she first came to Europe.
Adj + cycle
annual, daily, monthly, regular, seasonal, The European market is simply going
weekly | complete, entire, whole | endless through an economic cycle.
| natural | vicious | lunar, solar | breeding,
menstrual, reproductive | business, She was over two weeks late for her
economic | water | life menstrual cycle and felt a little
Course
the fact of a series of Verb + cycle nauseous.
Period
events being repeated go through | complete | repeat
Cycle (n): chu kỳ Rhythm
many times, always in Cycle + verb The number of young produced per
Round
the same order begin again | repeat (itself) breeding cycle varies from species to
Series
Cycle + noun species.
length, time
Prep In turn, they too will leave the host to
in a/the ~ | per ~ lay their eggs and the cycle begins
Phrases again.
part of the cycle (of sth)
Development (n): the steady growth of Advancement Adj + development These beneficial economic
sự phát triển something so that it Evolution full | gradual | rapid | sustainable | healthy developments have followed trade
becomes more advanced, Expansion | commercial, economic, industrial | and investment liberalization.
stronger, etc. Improvement evolutionary, historical | regional | rural,
Increase suburban, urban | human | educational, Motorola said it did not expect its
Progress emotional, intellectual, linguistic, policy, which has been in
personal, physical, psychological, sexual, development since June, to affect its
social, spiritual | software | child | bottom line.
property
Verb + development Education stimulates the stage in the
assist, encourage, enhance, facilitate, development of Anglo-Irish relations.
foster, promote, stimulate, support
Prep A more powerful version of this
during ~ | in ~ | under ~ electric bus is currently in
 development.
Does television adequately reflect the
Adj + diversity ethnic and cultural diversity of the
considerable, enormous, extraordinary, country?
great, immense, rich, wide | growing,
Diversification increased, increasing | biological, genetic The wonderful diversity of our
Divergence | cultural, ethnic, linguistic, political, region's wildlife is now coming under
a range of many people
Diversity (n): sự Diverseness regional threat.
or things that are very
đa dạng Multifariousnes Verb + diversity
different from each other
s create | encourage, promote | maintain, There is great diversity in the
Multiplicity preserve, protect | decrease, increase | character and appearance of this
allow (for) extensive region.
Prep
~ in | ~ of There is a diversity of underwater
habitats present there.
the understanding that
Prep In hindsight, it would have been
you have of a situation Experience
in ~ | with ~ better to wait.
Hindsight (n): sự only after it has Knowledge
Phrases
nhận thức muộn happened and that means Recollection
(with) the advantage/benefit/wisdom of With hindsight, we would
you would have done Remembering
hindsight recommend exactly the opposite.
things in a different way
Adj + icon All you need to do to get your dog the
a small symbol on a Figure folder, network, printer, program, right amount of rest is click an icon of
Icon (n): biểu computer or smartphone Idol window a bed.
tượng screen that represents a Portrait Verb + icon
program or a file Symbol Click (on), double-click (on), right-click Some religious icon medals are also
(on) | drag used as fobs for keyrings.
Identity (n): nét the characteristics, Character Adj + identity The informant was given a new
đặc trưng feelings or beliefs that Existence true | assumed, false | mistaken | new | identity for protection.
make people different Identification common, corporate, cultural, national,
from others Integrity personal, political, racial, sexual His search for his cultural identity
Personality Verb + identity took him to where his parents were
create, develop, establish, forge | give born.
sb/sth | maintain, preserve | lose | change |
assume | disclose, reveal | discover, find They know who I am and that I want
out | guess | conceal, hide, keep secret, to keep my identity silent.
protect
Identity + noun For a moment the idea of totally losing
bracelet, tag | card, documents, papers | her identity was a frightening reality.
code | parade | crisis
 Prep This type of identity theft is the
~ as easiest for criminals to accomplish.
Phrases
proof of identity | a search for identity | a The country suffered from an identity
sense of identity crisis for years after the civil war.
Adj + implication Considerable care was taken to allay
considerable, enormous, important, anxieties about the constitutional
major, massive, strong | deeper, implications of this particular
fundamental, profound | broad, wider | marriage.
clear, obvious | underlying | further |
possible, potential | future, long-term | She ignored his implication that
grave, serious | disturbing, frightening, women should be punished like
ominous, sinister | adverse, damaging, children.
negative | interesting | radical,
1. a possible effect or
Conclusion revolutionary | practical | commercial, Now they realized the full
result of an action or a
Connotation constitutional, economic, educational, implications of the new system.
decision
Indication environmental, ethical, financial,
Implication (n):
Meaning ideological, legal, moral, philosophical, Given the resource implications
hậu quả 2. something that is
Overtone political, psychological, social | cost, involved, the plan will have to be
suggested or indirectly
Ramification health, policy, resource, safety, security, scaled down.
stated (= something that
Significance tax
is implied)
Verb + implication The research has far-reaching
carry, have | grasp, realize, understand | implications for medicine as a whole.
assess, consider, examine, explore,
ponder, study | digest | discuss | explain | He added a new connective to classical
accept | reject | ignore logic, that of strict implication.
Implication + verb
arise | be involved You need to consider the legal
Prep implications before you publish
~ about | ~ for anything.
Impact (n): sự va 1. the powerful effect Brunt Adj + impact We'll show you how to dress for
chạm that something has on Shock big, considerable, dramatic, enormous, maximum impact at the all-important
somebody/something great, important, major, massive, audition.
profound, real, significant, strong,
2. the act of one object substantial, tremendous | limited, The initial impact of the reforms will
hitting another; the force marginal, minimum, negligible | be felt most keenly in primary schools.
with which this happens maximum | growing, increasing |
disproportionate | aggregate, combined, The new proposals were intended to
cumulative | immediate, instant | far- soften the impact of the reformed tax
reaching, wider | future, possible, system.
 potential | beneficial, favorable, positive |
adverse, catastrophic, damaging,
devastating, disastrous, negative, serious, Manufacturing fell sharply under the
severe | physical, visual | cultural, impact of the recession.
ecological, economic, emotional,
financial, health, political, psychological, We judge that these developments will
social have little impact on our business.
Verb + impact
achieve, create, exert, have, make | feel | It is important to appreciate the wider
analyze, assess, consider, evaluate, impact and implications of this
examine, measure, monitor, study | proposal.
enhance, increase, maximize | alleviate,
cushion, lessen, minimize, reduce, soften We are trying to minimize the impact
| diminish, lessen, reduce, weaken | lose | of price rises on our customers.
resist, withstand | appreciate | highlight |
address | predict | reflect The severest human impact on the
Prep dolphins has been the loss of habitat.
under the ~ of | ~ on/upon
Adj + increase
The cost of the project has increased
big, considerable, dramatic, enormous,
significantly since it began.
exponential, major, marked, massive,
significant, substantial, vast | moderate,
The Opposition has condemned the
modest, small | apparent | rapid, sharp |
government's proposed tax increases.
gradual, steady | fivefold, tenfold net,
Boost overall | annual, monthly, etc. | dividend,
The new measures are intended to
Development fare, rent, salary, tax, temperature, wage
increase efficiency.
a rise in the amount, Escalation Verb + increase
Increase (n): sự
number or value of Expansion experience, see, show | enjoy | achieve |
gia tăng The country is enjoying the biggest
something Increment bring (about), cause, lead to, result in |
increase in business confidence in
Inflation reflect, represent | entail, involve, mean |
years.
Merger announce, report
Increase + verb
Over the past two years, the
occur
department has increased in size.
Prep
on the ~ | ~ in | ~ on/over | ~ to
Vibrations increase in rapidity as a
Phrases
note rises and decrease as it falls.
a rate of increase
Influence (n): tầm the effect that Clout Adj + influence Christopher hoped to exert his
ảnh hưởng somebody/something has Consequence big, considerable, enormous, great, influence to make them change their
on the way a person Effect significant | growing | chief, dominant, minds.
 major, overwhelming | powerful,
profound, strong | important | crucial,
At the time she was under the
decisive | undue | beneficial, positive |
influence of her father.
adverse, corrupting, destructive,
disruptive, evil, negative | stabilizing,
My grandmother had a strong
steadying | calming, restraining |
influence on my early childhood.
civilizing | direct | pervasive, wide |
external, outside | foreign | cultural,
Consumer groups act as champions
economic, genetic, political
Impact and have critical influence over the
Verb + influence
thinks or behaves or on Importance industry.
have | give sb | exercise, exert, use, wield
the way that something Leverage
| extend | be under | come/fall under | be
works or develops Repercussion He called on the industry to use its
independent of | show | attribute sth to
Significance considerable influence to help resolve
Influence + verb
the situation.
extend
Prep
Rome's sphere of influence extended
under the ~ | ~ from | ~ in | ~ on/upon | ~
across Europe, North Africa, and the
over | ~ with
Middle East.
Phrases
a sphere of influence | bring your
She has a certain amount of influence
influence to bear on sb/sth | under the
on the way things are organized.
influence
Industry (n): công 1. the production of Business Adj + industry The government was determined to
nghiệp goods from raw Commerce thriving | important, key, major | growing reduce the number of state-owned
materials, especially in Corporation | declining | cottage | domestic, industries.
factories Management international, local, national | private,
Production privatized | heavy | light | strategic | In the construction industry, as in
2. the people and manufacturing, service | building, other industries, mechanization has
activities involved in construction | shipbuilding | chemical, had a major impact.
producing a particular mining, nuclear, petrochemical |
thing, or in providing a agricultural, fishing, | pharmaceutical | The automaker spends $581 more on
particular service automobile, automotive, car, motor | distribution per car than the industry
computer, electronics | textiles | average.
advertising | entertainment, film, music |
catering, hospitality, hotel, leisure, tourist They claim that a commercial port
Verb + industry would damage the local tourist
assist, develop, encourage, stimulate | run industry.
down | cripple, destroy, ruin | nationalize
| privatize | regulate | protect | subsidize | In the favorable economic
be involved in/with | enter, go into environment, new light industries are
 Industry + verb constantly springing up.
develop, grow up, spring up | boom,
expand, grow | decline, shrink | close They hope that the disk drive will
down, disappear | compete | produce sth become an industry standard.
Industry + noun
leader | standard In the computer industry, change
Prep comes about very rapidly.
in/within ~
Phrases The largest firms only account for one
a captain of industry, commerce, and in four jobs in the industry.
industry | regulation of (an) industry | the
revival of (an) industry | a sector of Cornelius Balbus exercised
industry, trade, and industry considerable influence in the city.
Adj + isolation The prisoner had been kept in
complete, total | enforced | diplomatic, isolation for three days.
geographical, political | international |
emotional, social After all the visitors had left, she
Confinement
the act of separating Verb + isolation experienced a feeling of complete
Desolation
Isolation (n): sự cô somebody/something; experience, suffer (from) isolation.
Remoteness
lập the state of being Isolation + noun
Segregation
separate hospital, ward The tower stands in splendid isolation
Solitude
Prep on the cliff edge.
in ~
Phrases The tower stands in splendid isolation
in splendid isolation on the cliff edge.
Adj + joint When the child tries to avoid moving a
elbow, hip, knee, etc. | inflamed, painful, painful joint, the muscle may begin to
rheumatic, stiff, swollen | artificial shorten from disuse.
a place where two bones Verb + joint
are joined together in the replace This time, it's a joint venture between
Elbow
Joint (n): đầu nối body in a way that Joint + verb the Discovery Channel and the Oprah
Seam
enables them to bend and ache | move Winfrey Network
move Prep
in a/the ~ | ~ between If you feel joint pain, stop and lessen
Phrases the resistance or replace the exercise
put sth out of joint with another.
Monopoly (n): sự the complete control of Cartel Adj + monopoly The drafting of a new constitution
độc quyền trade in particular goods Holding effective, near, virtual | absolute, total | cannot be a monopoly of the white
or the supply of a Ownership government, state | domestic, local, minority regime
particular service; a type Patent national
 Verb + monopoly The company was able to exploit its
enjoy, exercise, have, hold | create, monopoly position.
establish, gain, get, secure, set up | keep,
maintain, preserve, retain | lose | give sb, He argues that farm subsidies help
of goods or a service that grant sb, guarantee sb | challenge | break keep agricultural land away from
Trust
is controlled in this way (up), end corporate monopolies.
Monopoly + noun
position This Act of Parliament guaranteed
Prep solicitors a monopoly on particular
~ in | ~ of | ~ on | ~ over legal services.
Adj + market
competitive | booming, bullish, lively, The domestic market is still
strong, thriving | bull, rising | depressed, depressed, but demand abroad is
dull, sluggish, weak | bear, falling | picking up.
foreign, global, international, overseas,
world | domestic, internal, local | bond, They've increased their share of the
capital, commodity, consumer, currency, market by ten percent over the past
export, financial, foreign exchange, year.
futures, housing, money, product,
property, securities, stock | job, labor The pictures would sell for half a
1. an occasion when
Verb + market million on the open market.
people buy and sell
put sth on | come on | develop | break
goods; the open area or
Advertise into, get into, penetrate | capture, corner, This is the cheapest version on the
building where they meet
display monopolize | supply | flood | depress | market, which is its great selling
Market (n): chợ to do this
retail play point.
Market + verb
2. business or trade, or
open up | boom | pick up, rally | slump | The emerging market where we see
the amount of trade in a
be down, be up | close | open perhaps our strongest opportunity is
particular type of goods
Market + noun China.
price, value | conditions | leader |
position, share | sector | trends We give the highest importance to
Prep expanding markets for existing
in/into a/the ~ | on the ~ | ~ in products.
Phrases
be in the market for sth, the bottom's Time-share companies have adapted
dropped/fallen out of the market, the their sales packages to a changing
bottom/lower/top/upper end of the market.
market
Percentage (n): the number, amount or Bonus Adj + percentage This figure can be expressed as a
phần trăm rate of something, Interest high, large | low, small percentage of the total.
 Verb + percentage
calculate | express sth as
Insurance contributions are paid at a
Percentage + noun
fixed percentage rate on all earnings.
Percent point | rate | figure | increase, rise |
expressed as if it is part
Proportion decline, fall, reduction | share
of a total that is 100; a The artist's agent receives a
Rate Prep
part or share of a whole commission on a percentage basis.
Ratio ~ of
Phrases
Police only recover a very small
in percentage terms | on a percentage
percentage of stolen goods.
basis
Adj + population The early settlers enslaved or killed
large | small, sparse | overall, total | much of the native population.
global, local, national, world |
indigenous, native | adult, ageing, elderly, We've seen a slow but steady decline
young, youthful | female, male | black, in population over the years.
white | active, working | student | civil,
Community civilian | prison, school | rural, urban | 39 percent of the adult population, as
culture general many as 225 million people, remains
all the people who live in people Population + verb illiterate.
Population (n): a particular area, city or populace be sth, stand at sth | reach sth | exceed sth
dân số country; the total number public | double, grow, increase, rise | decline, The rapid growth of the population
of people who live there society decrease, fall | consist of sth | live led to an acute shortage of housing.
state Population + noun
levels, size | density | data, estimate, Luss has a considerable population,
figures, projections, trends | growth, and there is some stone quarried near
increase | decline, loss | explosion | centre it.
Phrases
a decline/an increase in population, the In 1901 the population was
growth of population | per head of 2,649,522, showing an increase of
population 11% in the decade.
The company has failed to achieve last
an estimate or a Adj + projection year's sales projections by 30 percent.
statement of what Calculation current, latest | forward, future |
figures, amounts, or estimate population | financial, profit, sales It revised revenue projections for the
Projection (n): sự
events will be in the estimation Verb + projection remainder of the financial year.
ước tính
future, or what they were forecast make | revise
in the past, based on Prep The council has revised its
what is happening now on … ~s | ~ about | ~ as to | ~ for | ~ of projections of funding requirements
upwards.
Proportion (n): tỷ 1. a part or share of a Bulk Adj + proportion The costs of the plan are out of
 appreciable, considerable, fair, good,
great, high, huge, large, overwhelming, proportion to the budget available.
significant, sizeable, substantial |
reasonable | low, small | minute, The report shows that poor families
negligible, tiny | certain | equal | spend a larger proportion of their
whole Capacity equivalent, similar | different, differing, income on food.
Dimension varying | fixed | exact | approximate |
2. the correct relationship Magnitude average | overall | growing, increasing, He pledged to increase the group's
in size, degree, Percentage rising | declining, decreasing, diminishing proportion of home sales from 5% to
lệ
importance, etc. between Portion Verb + proportion 10%.
one thing and another or Rate express sth as | grow as, increase as, rise
between the parts of a Ratio as | decline as, decrease as, diminish as, The company employs men and
whole Scale fall as women in roughly equal proportions.
Proportion + verb
grow, increase, rise | decline, decrease, The chart shows government spending
fall expressed as a proportion of national
Prep income.
in ~ (to) | out of ~ (to) | ~ of sth to sth
Adj + rate
Although she's recovering from her
constant, expected, regular, steady | slow
illness, her rate of progress is quite
| fast, rapid | alarming, phenomenal | low |
slow.
high | ever-increasing, rocketing |
seasonally-adjusted | success | divorce,
The economy grew at a slower rate in
marriage | death, mortality | survival |
the third quarter than previously
birth, fertility | accident | crime | growth,
estimated.
inflation | metabolic, pulse, respiratory
1. a measurement of the
Amount Verb + rate
speed at which The dip in consumer spending was a
estimate improve, increase, speed up | cut, hold
something happens key factor in slowing down the rate
percentage down, reduce, slow down | stabilize |
Rate (n): tiến độ of growth in the economy.
quota maintain | increase
2. a fixed amount of
standard Rate + verb
money that is charged or Don't I know that at the rate we are
be/go/shoot up, grow, increase, rise,
paid for something living our means won't last long?
rocket, skyrocket, soar | be/come/go
down, decline, decrease, drop, fall,
The commerce of the island has been
plummet, plunge, slow, slip
of late years increasing at a rapid
Prep
rate.
at a/the ~ | ~ for | ~ of
Phrases
Some internet banks offer personal
a drop in interest rates, a rise in mortgage
loans at highly competitive rates.
rates, etc.
 Adj + statistics According to official statistics, the
annual, monthly | latest | reliable | vital | island had 37 inhabitants.
bald, raw | government, national, official,
police | accident, crime, criminal, The statistics show that, in general,
Data economic, health, population, transport women live longer than men.
stats Verb + statistics
a collection of the
Statistics (n): số census prepare, produce | keep | release Official government statistics show
information shown in
liệu demography Statistics + verb that over a quarter of a million UK
numbers
figures indicate sth, prove sth, reveal sth, show households now have a second home
sth, tell sb sth | suggest sth abroad.
Statistics + noun
office Have reports been done on radon,
Prep hazardous materials, crime statistics,
according to ~ | ~ on and dry rot?
Adj + trend Surveys show a trend away from
strong | constant, steady | accelerating, home ownership and toward rented
growing, increasing | underlying | accommodation.
dominant, main, major, prevailing | clear,
marked | apparent, discernible | global, Whatever the latest fashion trend, you
national, international, worldwide | can be sure Nicki will be wearing it.
positive, negative | contrary, opposite |
healthy, welcome | adverse, dangerous, Goods on the Retail Price Index have
disturbing, worrying | fashion | to be updated to accurately represent
Direction
a general direction in demographic, population | cultural, social consumer trends.
Trend (n): xu movement
which a situation is | evolutionary, historical
hướng tendency
changing or developing Verb + trend Despite this month's disappointing
Progression
begin, create, set, start | continue | follow figures, the underlying trend is
| reinforce | buck, counteract, go against | healthy.
reverse | halt | detect, notice | indicate,
reflect, show, suggest We are following the American trend
Trend + verb towards more flexible working
develop, emerge | continue | indicate sth, conditions.
reflect sth, suggest sth | grow
Prep A worrying trend for insurers has
~ away from | ~ for | ~ in | ~ towards been a rise in fraudulent claims.
Current (adj): hiện happening now; of the Modern Adj + current This could not but have an influence
tại present time ongoing fast, powerful, strong | dangerous, on the current ideas concerning
present treacherous | prevailing | off-shore | tidal David.
prevailing Current + verb
flow | carry sb/sth, sweep sb/sth Materials that do not allow an electric
 Prep current to flow well are called
against a/the ~ | in a/the ~ | with a/the ~ insulators.
Verb + productive He had an amazingly productive five
Beneficial
be, seem | become years in which he managed to write
making goods or Dynamic
Productive (adj): Adv + productive four novels.
growing crops, especially Effective
có năng suất enormously, extremely, highly,
in large quantities Useful
remarkably, very | fairly, quite | Teamwork at its best results in a
Valuable
potentially synergy that can be very productive.
Verb + wealthy
Affluent With their natural resources they are
be, look | become, grow
Moneyed potentially a very wealthy country.
Adv + wealthy
Wealthy (adj): having a lot of money, Prosperous
enormously, exceedingly, exceptionally,
giàu có possessions, etc. Upscale They invited the whole town, and the
extremely, fabulously, immensely,
Well-off wealthy were asked to dig deep for
incredibly, seriously | comparatively,
Well-to-do charity.
fairly, quite, reasonably, relatively
Then there was his manner, a curious
Adj + compound
compound of humor and severity.
chemical | inorganic, organic | synthetic |
molecular, simple | active, dangerous,
Admix At the right temperature, the chemicals
potent, toxic, volatile | carbon, iron
Amalgamate will form a compound
a thing consisting of two Verb + compound
Compound (v): Associate
or more separate things form, produce
hợp lại Blend Theoretically, it was a chemical
combined Compound + verb
Commingle compound of contradictory elements.
contain sth | be derived from sth, derive
Commix
from sth, be found in sth, occur
In Lincoln, we have a compound of
Prep
the Celtic Lindum and the Latin
~ of
colonia.
Adv + contribute
Aren't you going to contribute
enormously, generously, greatly,
towards Jack's leaving present?
handsomely, heavily, substantially |
equally | fully, actively, | financially |
Devote Analysts agree that subprime loans
to give something, effectively | undoubtedly | unwittingly
Give contributed to the recession.
Contribute (v): especially money or Verb + contribute
Share
đóng góp goods, to help achieve or be asked to, be encouraged to
Subsidize A bright color can actually contribute
provide something Prep
Supply to an overall slimmer appearance!
to | towards
Phrases
Parental involvement contributes
have little/a lot/much to contribute (to
significantly to children's learning.
sth)
Decline (v): giảm  to refuse politely to Drop Adv + decline This section of the market has slowly
 considerably, dramatically, drastically, declined in importance.
markedly, sharply, significantly, steeply |
fall
a little, slightly | fast, rapidly | steadily | A spokesperson declined to speculate
go down
accept or to do gradually, slowly | further | absolutely on the cause of the train crash.
lower
something Prep
sag
by | from, to Orders for new ships are rising, after
sink
Phrases several years of steady decline.
A decline in importance/numbers/size
The community has dwindled to a
Decline Adv + dwindle
tenth of its former size in the last two
Decrease fast, quickly, rapidly | gradually, slowly |
Dwindle (v): suy to become gradually less years.
Diminish steadily | away
yếu dần or smaller
Drop Prep
Analysis of the data shows their
Shrink to
proportions dwindling steadily.
Adj + factor
important, main, major, relevant, Price will be a major factor in the
significant | critical, crucial, deciding, success of this new product.
decisive, determining, key, vital |
contributing, contributory | complicating, Economic factors had a lot to do with
distorting | single | common | external, their decision to sell the company.
extraneous, extrinsic | internal, intrinsic |
Aspect
causal, causative | contextual, economic, However, the large increase in their
Circumstance
environmental, genetic, political, equity is often the biggest
Component
psychological, situational, social determining factor.
Consideration
one of several things that Verb + factor
Factor (v): nhân tố Element
cause or influence consider, take into account | depend on A key factor in the process is the
Influence
Factor + verb needs of the end user, in this case the
Ingredient
be involved, operate | be responsible for food company.
Part
sth, contribute to sth, determine sth,
Point
influence sth, precipitate sth | constrain The closure of the mine was the single
sth, militate against sth | include sth most important factor in the town's
Prep decline.
~ behind | ~ in
Phrases The outcome will depend on a
a combination/number/range/variety of number of factors.
factors
Indicate (v): biểu one of several things that Demonstrate Adv + indicate She indicated to me (that) she didn't
thị cause or influence Express clearly | not necessarily want me to say anything.
Illustrate
Imply Verb + indicate Symbols are used to indicate the
 appear to, seem to | be used to facilities available at each hotel.
Point out
Show Prep The expense does not necessarily
to indicate worth.
Mexican farm workers migrate to the
US each year to find work at harvest
Drift Adv + migrate
to move from one part of time.
Emigrate north, northwards, etc | seasonally
Migrate (v): di cư the world to another
Immigrate Prep
according to the season In September, these birds migrate
Roam from, into, to
2,000 miles north to a warmer
climate.
Adv + reflect Does television adequately reflect the
clearly | directly | accurately, closely, ethnic and cultural diversity of the
correctly, faithfully, well | adequately | country?
to show the image of
Echo merely, simply | not necessarily
somebody/something on
Reflect (v): phản follow The condition of the house is reflected
the surface of something
ánh mirror Verb + reflect in its low price.
such as a mirror, water,
reverse be designed to
or glass
The exhibition is designed to reflect
Prep the diversity of the nation and its
in regions.
Adv + predict
We can predict from this information
accurately, correctly, reliably,
what is likely to happen next.
successfully, with accuracy/certainty |
Anticipate exactly, precisely | confidently | wrongly
This result had been widely predicted
Conclude Verb + predict
by the opinion polls.
Predict (v): tiên to say that something Envision be able/unable to, try to | be difficult to,
đoán will happen in the future Forecast be hard to | be easy to, be possible to | use
He was thus enabled to predict
Foresee sth to | allow sb to, enable sb to
compounds that were then unknown.
Think Prep
from
It is not possible to predict with any
Phrases
certainty what effect this will have.
be widely predicted
Ridiculous (adj): very silly or Absurd Verb + ridiculous Don't be so ridiculous! I can't possibly
kỳ cục unreasonable Bizarre be, feel, look, seem, sound | become, get afford to stay in a hotel like that.
Foolish
Incredible Adv + ridiculous It's downright ridiculous that the
Ludicrous bloody, really | absolutely, completely, library isn't open on Mondays!
Preposterous downright, quite, totally, utterly | almost |
Wacky a bit, faintly, a little, mildly, pretty, The whole situation appealed to her
rather, slightly, somewhat | patently sense of the ridiculous.

Phrases It would be ridiculous to follow the

a sense of the ridiculous currying story literally.